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One entity of NonWiki, the Negative of the Negative (EA-NEGONT-02, #1726), cited at https://www.alexanarch.org/non/authors-guild-human-authored/. the table of contents · this entity as data · contents as data · the dataset on the Hub · row json · field ledger · archive ledger · D/R/O traversal · the address page.

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Human Authored Certification

SPXI instrument · method 0.16 of 87, level 0 (Measurement): The Negative of the Negative (/non). An instrument of SPXI, the Semantic Packet for eXchange & Indexing; the whole practice is itemized at spxi.dev/methods.

equal terms, ontology included (v0.9) · ρ = extends · the field's type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a certification of human authorship with a mark and a public database; an entity of the leesharks.com apparatus authorship census, held there as a counterposition) · sought at Authors Guild Human Authored Certification

composed 2026-11-01 under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10, #1726, from the leesharks.com apparatus authorship census (CENSUS authors-guild-human-authored); equal case, ρ = extends. Draft, not frozen; ledgers unaudited, one extractor; checked by the session.

AXN AXN:0B94.NON.🌆🛸🥁💜🝊🌀 · root AXN:0B94.NON

composed in session · Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-01

This row was composed in session. SPXI-gnΩsis (gnosis.spxi.dev) opens a Wikipedia revision sentence by sentence against the sources it cites; a commission consults the archive by its own procedure and composes the entity's row here; a quote to recompose this entity is free.

Google AI Overview (expanded)epoch 2026-11-01
not frozentype C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a certification of human authorship with a mark and a public database; an entity of the leesharks.com apparatus authorship census, held there as a counterposition)signed out, incognitoknowledge object · 59 sentences

EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726): equal case, ρ = extends, read from the authorship census record, the capture record and the archive's deposits on the certification and its kind (#729, #940, #1722, #1540) at their loci; two pools (§3.1(a)); attribution beneath (§4.5); natural sentences under subheadings (§4.12); article first (§4.13). Ledger: unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 85/85 and archive quotes 59/59 verified by script against saved texts, the registry and the census.

WORKING KNOWLEDGE OBJECT · NOT FROZEN · LEDGER UNAUDITED

Expansion · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)59 sentences · every one sourced below

Human Authored Certification

Human Authored is the Authors Guild's certification of books whose text a human wrote: an author certifies a book under licence, may then carry the Guild's certification mark on it, and has the title listed under its own registration number in a public database. The leesharks.com authorship census holds it as a counterposition, a policy whose question is a boundary assertion: whether an author has certified that a book's text was written by a human, on the Guild's definition. Its unit is one title with its registration number, its object the books published in the United States whose authors so certify; it is no test or detection of AI text, no copyright registration, open to non-members, and confined to the text of a book.

The program opened in beta for Guild members in January 2025, when the first mark was released, and on 2 March 2026 the Guild announced its expansion to every author whose books are published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk the following week. Publishers Weekly reported the expansion on 4 March 2026 with an updated logo; the program page links the announcement, which the census record lists as linked and unread, recording no launch date on the saved page, and the Capture Registry identifies the Publishers Weekly card as that expansion. By the Guild's account the program was made because its members asked for a way to distinguish their work. Its CEO, Mary Rasenberger, gave Publishers Weekly a count of more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified since the launch; the announcement speaks of thousands of books, and the census record states no count.

The entity's own pages state the definition in several forms, each centred on the text: on the program page the text of the book 'was written by a human and not generated by AI', minimal uses such as spelling and grammar checks or research excepted, and the database page adds brainstorming to the minimal uses. The FAQ, the usage guidelines and the announcement require the text to be 'fully authored by one or more human beings', a de minimis amount of text generated or modified with AI excepted, and the FAQ ties that threshold to the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on what a copyright application must exclude. The census record keeps the program page's form as the record's limits: minimal uses excepted, books published in the United States under licence, and the text of the book.

AI used for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, by the announcement and Publishers Weekly; the FAQ allows outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level', merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work. Word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable and AI that rewrites full sentences is not; AI cover art, though outside the certified text, goes against the program's spirit, and so does AI used to develop characters and plot where no AI-generated text appears, although the definition 'looks at the text only'. The archive's packet on authorship and provenance places the certification in the position of AI-free human authorship, defining human-authored work by excluding generative AI from textual production with narrow exceptions.

Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live; books published in the United Kingdom are referred to the Society of Authors, which partners on the program. One certification covers every format of a work, translations and audiobook narrations need their own, published and unpublished books are eligible, and only books are certified at present, articles and shorter works planned. A multi-author work or an anthology is certified only when every author has signed individually, each non-member paying and verifying identity, and no co-author receives the mark or the number before all have completed the process.

Every author signs a licensing agreement for each title; non-members verify their identity through a third-party service, Veriff, and pay $10 a title, while members certify at no cost and the program page waives the identity verification requirement for them. The FAQ and Publishers Weekly give the waiver its ground: members are verified when they join the Guild, 'pre-verified' in Publishers Weekly's word, and every author's identity is verified before a book is registered. In the Guild's letter printed by Jane Friedman the fee reads 'We currently are charging members $10', while the same letter applies the verification cost, about $2 a person, to non-members only. The verification exists, by the FAQ, so that the persons who certify that they are the authors 'are in fact who they say they are', and the announcement has the CEO speak of writers taking 'control of their professional identity'. What the certificate keeps is the author's own certification that a human wrote the text; the census record finds that the saved page does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name, and that a certified text is never shown to have been written without AI.

On the archive's account of authorship under civil names, the metadata that lets a work be attributed to human authorship attaches to legal names, and the classifier of legitimate authorship reads legal-name attribution as its first signal. The archive distinguishes a pseudonym, whose function is traceable to the civil identity behind it, from a heteronym, whose function is attributable through the civil bearer without being reducible to that bearer, who stays accountable for custody, legal responsibility, rights and adjudication. On the census's reading the certificate binds the non-member's claim to an identity check, and the saved page leaves open whether it carries the name the author chose.

By the licence the author represents and warrants that the work is Human Authored; a licensee who uses the mark on AI-generated text is in breach of the licence and liable for trademark infringement and, by the FAQ potentially and by the Guild's letter likely, for consumer fraud. The Guild states that it knows no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material: the program is self-certification with enforcement, vets no manuscript before certifying, and may adopt detection software if a reliable one is found. Its stated measures against misuse are identity verification, a limit of ten new titles a year without permission, a registration number for each title, the public database and the fee. The census record accordingly holds the certificate to be no test of AI text and constitutes its function as self-certification under licence, covering the text.

Jane Friedman, a Guild member with a marketing partnership with it, found certification on the honor system problematic because it takes the author's word and analyses no manuscript, and still held its market value negligible. The Guild answered that self-certification is standard in publishing and in legal agreements, that most authors are honest and concerned about liability, and that the program is not expected to break even. Friedman reported a hunch, from small presses' use of a detector, that works with some AI-generated or AI-assisted text approach 25 to 50 percent of nonfiction, and read the demand for certification as a sign of anti-AI conviction or of insecurity in the market. Others argued that the labelling runs backward, and one author asked whether books without the mark would be taken as created by AI; the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled, holds that consumers have a right to know, and its CEO calls the certification the next best solution absent a ruling that forces such labels.

The database page answers the bookstore question for its own records: a lack of results means only that a work has not been registered as Human Authored, 'not that it is generated by AI'. Friedman's further concern, false accusations of AI use between authors, already a common insult, is the case the archive names the existence tax: before anyone talks about the work, its maker has to prove again that it exists, and exists as what it is. The archive keeps four questions apart, whether the maker exists, whether the work happened, whether it is true and what kind of work it is, and finds the tax levied when evidence on one is spent as an answer to another. On the census's reading the certificate answers a verdict of fakeness with the author's own certification. The archive finds the tax falling on the independent, the new, the unaccredited, the heteronymous and the small, and its remedy for a maker is a documentary layer dated, deposited and linked, against which an answer can be checked. An adequate answer, on its account, names the object at its own level, a person or a pen name among them, and shows its evidence; it holds a heteronym declared where a Sybil attack hides one actor behind many, its registry published with the orthonym, the roles and the dates.

The mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette, issued in an updated form in March 2026; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence before using it. It may go on the front or back cover, typically a bottom corner of the back, on the copyright page with the registration number, which not every use need display, and in listings and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; violating the usage guidelines violates the licence. Its trademark status is stated two ways: the FAQ calls it a registered certification mark, while the announcement, Friedman and the Guild's own letter give a pending application with the US Patent and Trademark Office. Publishers Weekly gives its tagline as 'Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World'; the program page's line is 'Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world'.

The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it.

Beside it stand other certifications of human authorship: Created by Humans, from June 2024, which later partnered with the Guild and took its CEO as an adviser; Books by People in the United Kingdom, from 2025; the Society of Authors' scheme; and services such as Verify My Writing, which scores a manuscript for human content with a detector. Wikipedia has no article on the program: 'Human Authored' redirects to a section of the article on the Authors Guild, which gives the program page's definition, the fee as of 2026 and the open database, and cites Kit Eaton's comparison, in Inc. in October 2024, with food labelled 'organic'.

The archive's packet *Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure* grants the certification a legitimate function, protecting readers from deceptive synthetic substitution and keeping a market signal for AI-free literary labour, and calls the label 'a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship'. It finds in the certification a binary frame, AI-assisted work falling outside the human-authored category, and answers: 'Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.' Its invariant places authorship in the accountable relation between writer, process and text, and its fourth position admits AI-mediated writing as authorship where provenance preserves the writer's directing and responsibility-bearing role, refusing the purism on which any generative AI participation destroys authorship. The packet opposes only the implication that AI-mediated authorship is impossible, holds that the two positions can coexist, and closes that the label matters, that the law is right to reject machine authorship, and that none of it is enough. It holds detection forensic and authorship moral and epistemic, and gives provenance the work of distinguishing authorship from slop; the Guild, for its part, leaves detection to software it has not found. The census reads the certificate as setting authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text and admitting machine participation only as minimal uses, so that where machine participation is constitutive of a work its definition leaves no certifiable place.

The archive's own corpus declares the machine participation that boundary turns on: the packet counts its deposits as all produced through AI-mediated workflows, with declared provenance, and all authored, and a paper of the archive declares itself written with AI through the heteronymous voices that sign it. The archive argues that under a human-only policy enforced by a classifier the certified absence of machine mediation becomes the most machine-determined property of the text, and that a classifier introduced after an act gains standing over it without new evidence about the act; it disclaims any claim that a venue may not reserve space for human-composed work, and the Guild's program enforces by licence while its FAQ contemplates detection software. On the archive's account of civil names, the credentialed author need declare no substrate, the uncredentialed author who declares one is anomalous, and a function legible without civil-identity reduction looks to the regime like fraud. The heteronymy paper extends heteronymic organization to named machine-witness functions with their substrate and editorial chain declared, holds the operation not species-restricted, and leaves outside heteronymy machine assistance not organized as a declared witness role.

Asked for the certification on 1 November 2026, Google's AI Overview gave, by the Capture Registry's reading, what it certifies, allows and excludes, its costs, the mark and the database, from five cards, three of them the Guild's. The registry finds the certificate composed at its grain, the requirements and the registration number among it, and the definition's minimal uses widened to outlining, indexing and brainstorming, with the text 'written entirely by a human'. It finds the member's identity given as verified on joining where the program page states a waiver; the FAQ card and Publishers Weekly state the verification on joining. The registry finds the census's question, which name the certificate carries, unreached, and the composition's close offering multi-author works as a next step, a matter the FAQ card answers.

Provenance — every sentence sourced59 sentences

59 sentences; 85 field claims, 59 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.Human Authored is the Authors Guild's certification of books whose text a human wrote: an author certifies a book under licence, may then carry the Guild's certification mark on it, and has the title listed under its own registration number in a public database.7
  • F2 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a project of the Authors Guild that allows an author to certify that their book is created by a human.
  • F13 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.
  • F14 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3 documented · field
    The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.
  • F58 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶1 documented · field
    The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license.
  • F11 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, footer documented · field
    © Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.
  • LS-01 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] kind stipulation
    certification: a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that their book is created by a human, with a public database of certifications and a certification mark
  • F6 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶ documented · field
    Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details.
2.The leesharks.com authorship census holds it as a counterposition, a policy whose question is a boundary assertion: whether an author has certified that a book's text was written by a human, on the Guild's definition.3
  • LS-02 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] host_relation; record_type; areas interpretation
    counterposition … policy … governance
  • LS-03 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] question interpretation
    boundary assertion: whether an author has certified that a book's text was written by a human, on the Guild's definition
  • LS-21 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] organizing_question; admission_rule stipulation
    How is authorship made, named, distributed, attributed and sustained across persons, personas, collectives and machine participation, and what is lost when those relations are collapsed? … A row is an aggregator: a resource that gathers and holds many other works or records and says what it holds (operator, 2026-11-01).
3.Its unit is one title with its registration number, its object the books published in the United States whose authors so certify; it is no test or detection of AI text, no copyright registration, open to non-members, and confined to the text of a book.5
  • LS-04 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] unit documented
    a certification of one book title, with a Human Authored registration number, listed in the public database
  • LS-05 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record_object documented
    books published in the United States whose authors certify that the text was written by a human and not generated by AI, minimal uses excepted
  • LS-18 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] negative_tags 1–2 stipulation
    NOT a test or detection of AI text: it records the author's own certification … NOT a copyright registration
  • LS-19 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] negative_tags 3–5 stipulation
    NOT limited to Authors Guild members: non-members may certify for $10 per title with identity verification … NOT a certification of the whole book: it covers the text … NOT the database alone: the row's object is the certification policy, whose public database and mark are parts of it
  • F4 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms.
4.The program opened in beta for Guild members in January 2025, when the first mark was released, and on 2 March 2026 the Guild announced its expansion to every author whose books are published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk the following week.5
  • F72 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶1 documented · field
    The program was launched in beta exclusively for members in January 2025, based on demand, and today the Authors Guild announces its expansion to all authors whose books are published in the United States. Next week, the Authors Guild will open the program up to U.S. publishers to purchase certifications in bulk.
  • F71 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), title and date documented · field
    Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program March 2, 2026
  • F34 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: updated logo documented · field
    The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025.
  • F63 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.
  • F37 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.
5.Publishers Weekly reported the expansion on 4 March 2026 with an updated logo; the program page links the announcement, which the census record lists as linked and unread, recording no launch date on the saved page, and the Capture Registry identifies the Publishers Weekly card as that expansion.5
  • F62 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, byline; ¶1 documented · field
    By Ed Nawotka | Mar 04, 2026 The Authors Guild announced it has expanded its "Human Authored" certification program beyond its own membership to any author whose books are published in the United States. The organization also said that U.S. publishers will be able to purchase certifications in bulk beginning this month, and released an updated logo for the program.
  • F10 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, More Info documented · field
    Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program … FAQs about the Human Authored certification … Usage guidelines for the Human Author certification mark
  • LS-12 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] holdings documented
    a public database of Human Authored certifications, searchable by title, authors or registration number … a certification mark with usage guidelines … an announcement of the expanded program and FAQs (linked, unread)
  • LS-20 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] lifecycle; unchecked documented
    "state": "active", "detail": "the page links an announcement of the expanded Human Authored program; no launch date on the saved page" … the program's launch date and the number of certifications (not on the saved page) … any rule on pen names or pseudonyms (not on the saved page)
  • CAP-1-05 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.3 (end) documented
    The Publishers Weekly card, 'Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program', is the expansion the page links ('Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program'), which the census row leaves undated.
6.By the Guild's account the program was made because its members asked for a way to distinguish their work.2
  • F48 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶1 documented · field
    We created this program because our members asked for it.
  • F16 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: labeling backwards documented · field
    We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so.
7.Its CEO, Mary Rasenberger, gave Publishers Weekly a count of more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified since the launch; the announcement speaks of thousands of books, and the census record states no count.3
  • F64 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶3 documented · field
    Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger said that since its launch last year, more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles under the program.
  • F75 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶6 documented · field
    Since its initial beta launch for Guild members, the Human Authored certification has already gained remarkable traction in the publishing industry. Authors Guild members have added the certification to thousands of books
  • LS-11 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] coverage; count documented
    geography": "books published in the United States", "period": "not stated on the saved page" … "value": "not stated in the saved source", "as_of": "2026-11-01
8.The entity's own pages state the definition in several forms, each centred on the text: on the program page the text of the book 'was written by a human and not generated by AI', minimal uses such as spelling and grammar checks or research excepted, and the database page adds brainstorming to the minimal uses.2
  • F3 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s2 documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research.
  • F83 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶1 (the definition) documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses, such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for brainstorming or research.
9.The FAQ, the usage guidelines and the announcement require the text to be 'fully authored by one or more human beings', a de minimis amount of text generated or modified with AI excepted, and the FAQ ties that threshold to the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on what a copyright application must exclude.7
  • F15 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What does “Human Authored” mean? documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the work was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by GAI, except that a de minimis (e.g., very small or trifling) amount of text may be generated or modified by or with the use of generative AI, e.g., through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications or to create indices.
  • F59 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification mark may only be used in connection with literary works for which the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications).
  • F74 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶4 (the definition) documented · field
    A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored.
  • F22 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: de minimis documented · field
    We mirror the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance in this respect; more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text must be excluded from a copyright application and makes a work ineligible for Human Authored certification.
  • F12 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, card 2 snippet documented · field
    Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ...
  • F57 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, card 4 snippet documented · field
    Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...
  • F61 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, card 5 snippet documented · field
    Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully wr...
10.The census record keeps the program page's form as the record's limits: minimal uses excepted, books published in the United States under licence, and the text of the book.2
  • LS-13 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] stated_limits documented
    with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research' … available only to 'authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms' … the certification covers 'the text of the book
  • LS-05 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record_object documented
    books published in the United States whose authors certify that the text was written by a human and not generated by AI, minimal uses excepted
11.AI used for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, by the announcement and Publishers Weekly; the FAQ allows outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level', merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work.4
  • F74 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶4 (the definition) documented · field
    A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored.
  • F66 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶5 documented · field
    Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully written by one or more humans, with an explicit exception for AI-powered spelling and grammar tools. Use of AI for tables of contents, indexes, research, brainstorming, or outlining does not disqualify a title.
  • F26 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents documented · field
    No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases.
  • F23 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶1 documented · field
    Using AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, provided the AI use is merely preparatory and no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.
12.Word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable and AI that rewrites full sentences is not; AI cover art, though outside the certified text, goes against the program's spirit, and so does AI used to develop characters and plot where no AI-generated text appears, although the definition 'looks at the text only'.3
  • F25 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: editing documented · field
    The use of common AI-powered grammar and spell-check tools that make suggestions or changes at the word level, such as those provided by MS Word, is acceptable and does not disqualify a work from certification. Using AI to rewrite full sentences or in any way that incorporates more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text is not acceptable and makes the manuscript ineligible for Human Authored certification.
  • F26 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents documented · field
    No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases.
  • F24 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶2 documented · field
    Although the Human Authored definition looks at the text only, use of AI to replace human creativity or in a way that affects your copyrightable expression, including to develop characters and plot, is incorporated in the text and falls outside of the spirit of Human Authored, even if no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.
13.The archive's packet on authorship and provenance places the certification in the position of AI-free human authorship, defining human-authored work by excluding generative AI from textual production with narrow exceptions.1
  • D729-01 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 1 ¶1 interpretation
    The Authors Guild "Human Authored" certification (expanded to all U.S. authors, March 2026), the Society of Authors scheme (March 2026), and analogous initiatives define human-authored work largely by excluding generative AI from the textual production process, with narrow exceptions for grammar checking or research support.
14.Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live; books published in the United Kingdom are referred to the Society of Authors, which partners on the program.3
  • F4 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms.
  • F17 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: Who can sign up; I don’t live in the United States documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors of books published in the United States through the Authors Guild. For books published in the United Kingdom, visit the Society of Authors. … The Authors Guild certifies books published in the United States regardless of where you live.
  • F37 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.
15.One certification covers every format of a work, translations and audiobook narrations need their own, published and unpublished books are eligible, and only books are certified at present, articles and shorter works planned.3
  • F20 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: formats and editions documented · field
    A single certification applies to any format (hardcover, paperback, ebook) of the same work, regardless of there being different ISBNs. … Note that translations and audiobook narrations are separate copyrights that require separate certifications.
  • F21 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: existing and unpublished works; non-book content documented · field
    Authors may certify unpublished as well as published work. … Human Authored certification is currently only available for books, with plans to expand it to include articles and shorter works in the near future.
  • F67 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶6 documented · field
    Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.
16.A multi-author work or an anthology is certified only when every author has signed individually, each non-member paying and verifying identity, and no co-author receives the mark or the number before all have completed the process.2
  • F18 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work documented · field
    Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity.
  • F19 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work s3; anthology documented · field
    Any author attempting to register a multi-author work will not be able to download the certification mark or receive a registration number until their co-author(s) have also completed the process. … An anthology must be registered using the same process as any other multi-author work.
17.Every author signs a licensing agreement for each title; non-members verify their identity through a third-party service, Veriff, and pay $10 a title, while members certify at no cost and the program page waives the identity verification requirement for them.9
  • F7 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Certification Requirements (table) documented · field
    Licensing Agreement Required Required Identity Verification Not required Required Cost Free! (included in dues) $10/title
  • F1 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, card 1 snippet documented · field
    Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi...
  • F8 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Get Started, Not a Member ¶2 documented · field
    You will have to verify your identity through a third-party service and pay a $10/title registration fee.
  • F5 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶2 documented · field
    Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.
  • F32 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: Why do I have to be verified? documented · field
    To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards.
  • F33 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: cost; why a fee documented · field
    Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.
  • F77 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶2–4 documented · field
    Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.
  • LS-08 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record.holder documented
    the Authors Guild, under a licensing agreement each certifying author signs; free to Guild members (included in dues), $10 per title for non-members; certifications are listed in a public database
  • LS-10 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] method documented
    author self-certification under a licensing agreement, through the Human Authored portal; identity verification through a third-party service for non-members
18.The FAQ and Publishers Weekly give the waiver its ground: members are verified when they join the Guild, 'pre-verified' in Publishers Weekly's word, and every author's identity is verified before a book is registered.2
  • F31 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: How do I obtain ¶3 documented · field
    Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account.
  • F67 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶6 documented · field
    Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.
19.In the Guild's letter printed by Jane Friedman the fee reads 'We currently are charging members $10', while the same letter applies the verification cost, about $2 a person, to non-members only.1
  • F54 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶7–8 (the fee) documented · field
    We currently are charging members $10. … Members are verified when they join, so this only applies to non-members. There is a cost of around $2 a person.
20.The verification exists, by the FAQ, so that the persons who certify that they are the authors 'are in fact who they say they are', and the announcement has the CEO speak of writers taking 'control of their professional identity'.2
  • F32 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: Why do I have to be verified? documented · field
    To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards.
  • F78 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶5 (Rasenberger) documented · field
    By opening this program to all authors nationwide, we’re empowering writers to take control of their professional identity and offering peace of mind for readers who want to support human authors and experience genuine human storytelling.
21.What the certificate keeps is the author's own certification that a human wrote the text; the census record finds that the saved page does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name, and that a certified text is never shown to have been written without AI.3
  • LS-06 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record.keeps interpretation
    the author's own certification that a human wrote the text of a book, for any author with a book published in the United States who agrees to the licensing terms
  • LS-07 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record.name documented
    not recorded on the saved page: the database is searchable by title, authors or registration number; the page does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name; non-members must verify their identity through a third-party service, members are exempt from that requirement
  • LS-15 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] does_not_answer interpretation
    whether a certified text was in fact written without AI (the record is the author's certification; no verification of the text is stated) … whether an author may certify under a pen name or heteronym (not on the saved page) … anything about books published outside the United States
22.On the archive's account of authorship under civil names, the metadata that lets a work be attributed to human authorship attaches to legal names, and the classifier of legitimate authorship reads legal-name attribution as its first signal.1
  • O940-01 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §1 ¶2 (s6–s7) interpretation
    The provenance-designated metadata that permits augmented-cognition outputs to be attributed to human authorship attaches to legal names. The classifier that determines what counts as legitimate authorship reads legal-name attribution as its primary input signal.
23.The archive distinguishes a pseudonym, whose function is traceable to the civil identity behind it, from a heteronym, whose function is attributable through the civil bearer without being reducible to that bearer, who stays accountable for custody, legal responsibility, rights and adjudication.3
  • O940-04 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §2 ¶1 definition
    Pseudonymy is using a different name for a work whose authorial function is nonetheless traceable to the civil identity that stands behind the name.
  • O940-05 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §2 (the critical refinement) definition
    the authorial function of a heteronym is **attributable through the civil bearer without being reducible to that bearer.** The civil bearer remains responsible at the level of custody, legal accountability, rights administration, publication, provenance declaration, and final adjudication.
  • O940-08 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §6 condition 3 definition
    **Does not evade legal responsibility.** The civil bearer remains accountable at the level of custody, legal responsibility, rights administration, and adjudication.
24.On the census's reading the certificate binds the non-member's claim to an identity check, and the saved page leaves open whether it carries the name the author chose.2
  • LS-16 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] ls_reading s1 interpretation
    The archive reads the certificate as an explicit counterposition that asserts authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text, admits machine participation only as 'minimal uses', and binds the non-member's claim to an identity check.
  • LS-17 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] ls_reading s2 interpretation
    It answers #1722's verdict of fakeness for a work with the author's own certification; where machine participation is constitutive of the work, its definition leaves no certifiable place, and the saved page does not say whether the certificate carries the name the author chose.
25.By the licence the author represents and warrants that the work is Human Authored; a licensee who uses the mark on AI-generated text is in breach of the licence and liable for trademark infringement and, by the FAQ potentially and by the Guild's letter likely, for consumer fraud.4
  • F27 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: misuse ¶1 documented · field
    When an author registers to certify their book, they must sign an agreement promising, representing, and warranting that the work is Human Authored (as defined here and in the license agreement). … if someone executes a license and uses the mark for a work for which some or all of the text was generated by AI, it is a breach of the license, as well as infringement, and potentially fraudulent representation to the consumer.
  • F51 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶4 documented · field
    We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreement for each title registered that makes the user represent and warrant that the title was “Human Authored”—meaning the text of the work itself (excluding the table of contents or index) was written by one or more humans (excepting de minimis use for spell check and editing).
  • F52 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶4 s2 documented · field
    if a licensee-author registers a book that the author knows contains AI generated text, they will be liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement, and likely consumer fraud under various laws.
  • F36 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, card 3 snippet documented · field
    Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen...
26.The Guild states that it knows no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material: the program is self-certification with enforcement, vets no manuscript before certifying, and may adopt detection software if a reliable one is found.5
  • F28 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical
  • F70 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶9 documented · field
    Rasenberger acknowledged that the Human Authored program does not currently vet manuscripts themselves for AI content prior to issuing certification and noted that no reliable detection method currently exists.
  • F33 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: cost; why a fee documented · field
    Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.
  • F42 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶5 documented · field
    I heard from the Authors Guild’s CEO, Mary Rasenberger, who wrote me that no AI detection tool exists today that is sufficiently accurate for their purposes, but if and when that time comes, they will use it.
  • F14 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3 documented · field
    The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.
27.Its stated measures against misuse are identity verification, a limit of ten new titles a year without permission, a registration number for each title, the public database and the fee.4
  • F29 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s2 (measures) documented · field
    such as mandatory identity verification, limits on the number of new titles that can be registered in a year (exceptions will be made with express permission), the issuance of a unique registration number for each title, and a fee for use by non-members
  • F50 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶3 documented · field
    We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked.
  • F77 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶2–4 documented · field
    Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.
  • F67 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶6 documented · field
    Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.
28.The census record accordingly holds the certificate to be no test of AI text and constitutes its function as self-certification under licence, covering the text.2
  • LS-18 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] negative_tags 1–2 stipulation
    NOT a test or detection of AI text: it records the author's own certification … NOT a copyright registration
  • LS-09 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record.function interpretation
    self-certification under licence: the author certifies that 'the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI', minimal uses excepted (spelling and grammar checks, research); every certifying author signs a licensing agreement; non-members verify identity through a third-party service; the certification covers the text and is listed by title, authors and registration number
29.Jane Friedman, a Guild member with a marketing partnership with it, found certification on the honor system problematic because it takes the author's word and analyses no manuscript, and still held its market value negligible.4
  • F41 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶4 documented · field
    I find it problematic that certification is done on the honor system. That means the Authors Guild is not analyzing the manuscript for evidence of AI use but taking the author’s word for it.
  • F39 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s5 documented · field
    (Disclosure: I am a member of the Authors Guild and have a marketing partnership with them for my industry newsletter, The Bottom Line.)
  • F56 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, closing ¶ and date line documented · field
    March 17, 2026March 16, 2026 by Jane Friedman … While I still believe this certification has negligible value in the market
  • F44 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶8 documented · field
    I also don’t see evidence in the market that human authorship certification means anything (yet) to readers.
30.The Guild answered that self-certification is standard in publishing and in legal agreements, that most authors are honest and concerned about liability, and that the program is not expected to break even.3
  • F30 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶2 documented · field
    Some people have expressed concern that a self-certifying system is just based on the honor system and not trustable. But self-certification is a standard practice in the publishing industry and in formal legal agreements more broadly.
  • F53 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶5 documented · field
    I know you find the notion of “self-certification” meaningless because people will not be honest. But we do not agree. First, in our experience, most authors are honest and also are concerned about liability.
  • F55 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶7 (purpose of the fee) documented · field
    We do not expect to break even from this project, much less earn money from it.
31.Friedman reported a hunch, from small presses' use of a detector, that works with some AI-generated or AI-assisted text approach 25 to 50 percent of nonfiction, and read the demand for certification as a sign of anti-AI conviction or of insecurity in the market.2
  • F43 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶7 documented · field
    my hunch is that the number of works with some percentage of AI-generated or AI-assisted text within their pages is approaching 25 to 50 percent for nonfiction in particular and may soon be the majority.
  • F45 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶9 s1 documented · field
    Personally, I believe this desire for certification says more about people who desire to broadcast a strong anti-AI stance or who don’t feel secure in the current market.
32.Others argued that the labelling runs backward, and one author asked whether books without the mark would be taken as created by AI; the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled, holds that consumers have a right to know, and its CEO calls the certification the next best solution absent a ruling that forces such labels.4
  • F47 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶11 documented · field
    Meanwhile, other people have argued that the Authors Guild has this notification system backward—that it’s AI-created work that should be labeled as such. One author wrote, “What if I step into a bookstore and I see some books with the Authors Guild’s Human Authored Certification Mark on them; will that mean that all those other books that don’t have the mark mean they were created by AI?
  • F16 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: labeling backwards documented · field
    We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so.
  • F65 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶4 (Rasenberger) documented · field
    In the absence of a ruling of some kind that would force AI-generated books to be labeled as such, this is the next best solution.
  • F73 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶3 s2 documented · field
    We believe that book consumers have the right to know whether a book they are purchasing or borrowing from a library was written by a human or was generated using AI.
33.The database page answers the bookstore question for its own records: a lack of results means only that a work has not been registered as Human Authored, 'not that it is generated by AI'.2
  • F85 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶3 documented · field
    Please note that a lack of results for a title simply means that the work has not been registered as Human Authored, not that it is generated by AI.
  • F84 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶2 documented · field
    This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page).
34.Friedman's further concern, false accusations of AI use between authors, already a common insult, is the case the archive names the existence tax: before anyone talks about the work, its maker has to prove again that it exists, and exists as what it is.2
  • F46 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶10 s1 documented · field
    I also have concerns about false accusations by authors against other authors they don’t like (it’s already a well-worn insult on social media to accuse writers, or anyone, of using AI)
  • O1722-01 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Start with one search, last ¶ but one definition
    before anyone can talk about the work, I have to prove again that it exists, and exists as what it is. That job is the existence tax.
35.The archive keeps four questions apart, whether the maker exists, whether the work happened, whether it is true and what kind of work it is, and finds the tax levied when evidence on one is spent as an answer to another.2
  • O1722-02 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part One ¶2–3 definition
    1. **Does the maker exist?** A person, or a group, who did the work. … 4. **What kind of work is it?** Its genre, its form, its governing purpose. These are independent.
  • O1722-03 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part One ¶5 definition
    The tax is levied when an answer takes evidence about one of these questions and spends it as an answer to another.
36.On the census's reading the certificate answers a verdict of fakeness with the author's own certification.1
  • LS-17 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] ls_reading s2 interpretation
    It answers #1722's verdict of fakeness for a work with the author's own certification; where machine participation is constitutive of the work, its definition leaves no certifiable place, and the saved page does not say whether the certificate carries the name the author chose.
37.The archive finds the tax falling on the independent, the new, the unaccredited, the heteronymous and the small, and its remedy for a maker is a documentary layer dated, deposited and linked, against which an answer can be checked.2
  • O1722-05 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part Seven ¶3 interpretation
    Who pays the tax is not random. Nobody has to prove to the Overview that Hexagon AB exists. The tax falls on the independent, the new, the unaccredited, the heteronymous, the small: on everyone whose existence the index has not already ratified.
  • O1722-07 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part Eight, If you make things people search for function
    Keep the documentary layer dated, deposited and linked: who, what, when, where. Your record is what an answer can be checked against.
38.An adequate answer, on its account, names the object at its own level, a person or a pen name among them, and shows its evidence; it holds a heteronym declared where a Sybil attack hides one actor behind many, its registry published with the orthonym, the roles and the dates.2
  • O1722-06 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part Six ¶3 function
    An adequate answer does four things. It names the object at its own level: a person, a pen name, a paper, an institute, an event. It shows the evidence for that object and where the evidence comes from.
  • O1722-04 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part Five §10, How to catch it interpretation
    A Sybil attack hides one actor behind many. A heteronym is declared: the archive publishes its heteronym registry, with the orthonym, the roles and the dates.
39.The mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette, issued in an updated form in March 2026; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence before using it.5
  • F58 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶1 documented · field
    The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license.
  • F57 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, card 4 snippet documented · field
    Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...
  • F34 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: updated logo documented · field
    The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025.
  • F63 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.
  • F68 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶7 documented · field
    Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words "Human Authored" and the tagline "Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.
40.It may go on the front or back cover, typically a bottom corner of the back, on the copyright page with the registration number, which not every use need display, and in listings and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; violating the usage guidelines violates the licence.3
  • F60 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶3; Location; Size documented · field
    Violation of the usage guidelines is violation of the license agreement. … Anywhere on the front or back cover of the registered work, though typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover; … Size: Do not show the certification mark bigger than 1 inch or smaller than 1/4 inch in diameter.
  • F68 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶7 documented · field
    Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words "Human Authored" and the tagline "Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.
  • F35 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: registration number documented · field
    Registering your work provides you with a registration number, but you do not always need to display the registration number in each use of the mark.
41.Its trademark status is stated two ways: the FAQ calls it a registered certification mark, while the announcement, Friedman and the Guild's own letter give a pending application with the US Patent and Trademark Office.4
  • F13 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.
  • F76 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶1 documented · field
    The Human Authored logo is a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office. The certification remains restricted to works where the text was written by humans.
  • F38 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s4 documented · field
    The logo and name are pending registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office and supported by a registration system that creates a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins.
  • F49 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶2 documented · field
    We have a pending registered certification mark with the US Trademark Office … It is a licensed trademark program—not a logo that anyone can freely use.
42.Publishers Weekly gives its tagline as 'Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World'; the program page's line is 'Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world'.2
  • F68 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶7 documented · field
    Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words "Human Authored" and the tagline "Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.
  • F9 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, heading and tagline documented · field
    Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.
43.The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it.8
  • F6 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶ documented · field
    Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details.
  • F84 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶2 documented · field
    This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page).
  • F77 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶2–4 documented · field
    Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.
  • F50 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶3 documented · field
    We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked.
  • LS-04 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] unit documented
    a certification of one book title, with a Human Authored registration number, listed in the public database
  • LS-14 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] answers interpretation
    whether a named book carries a Human Authored certification, and its registration number … on what terms an author may certify a book (fee, identity verification, licensing agreement)
  • LS-20 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] lifecycle; unchecked documented
    "state": "active", "detail": "the page links an announcement of the expanded Human Authored program; no launch date on the saved page" … the program's launch date and the number of certifications (not on the saved page) … any rule on pen names or pseudonyms (not on the saved page)
  • LS-22 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] data_access; license documented
    a public database for lookups; certification through the Human Authored portal (Guild login, or an account for non-members) … each certifying author agrees to the program's licensing terms (unread); the site is '© Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.'
44.Beside it stand other certifications of human authorship: Created by Humans, from June 2024, which later partnered with the Guild and took its CEO as an adviser; Books by People in the United Kingdom, from 2025; the Society of Authors' scheme; and services such as Verify My Writing, which scores a manuscript for human content with a detector.4
  • F69 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶8 documented · field
    In June 2024, Created by Humans launched to offer similar self-verification and collective AI-licensing opportunities. Later that year, the company partnered with the Authors Guild, bringing Rasenberger on as an advisor. In 2025, Books by People started in the U.K., offering publishers a visible stamp for book covers, a certification ID, and a listing in a public directory.
  • F40 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶3 documented · field
    I have noticed a handful of competing efforts to certify human-written work, such as Verify My Writing. It uses Pangram, considered the industry leader in AI detection, to issue a human score (0–100) based on the likelihood and amount of human-written content.
  • F37 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.
  • D729-01 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 1 ¶1 interpretation
    The Authors Guild "Human Authored" certification (expanded to all U.S. authors, March 2026), the Society of Authors scheme (March 2026), and analogous initiatives define human-authored work largely by excluding generative AI from the textual production process, with narrow exceptions for grammar checking or research support.
45.Wikipedia has no article on the program: 'Human Authored' redirects to a section of the article on the Authors Guild, which gives the program page's definition, the fee as of 2026 and the open database, and cites Kit Eaton's comparison, in Inc. in October 2024, with food labelled 'organic'.4
  • F79 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Human_Authored, raw wikitext (HTTP 200) documented · field
    #REDIRECT [[Authors Guild#Human Authored]]
  • F80 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Human_Authored_Certification, raw (HTTP 404) documented · field
    title=Human_Authored_Certification&action=raw : HTTP 404
  • F81 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Authors Guild § Human Authored documented · field
    The certification is available for books published in the United States, and is free for members of the guild and available for a fee ($10 {{as of|2026|lc=yes}}) for non-members. Books with this certification are listed in an open-access database which can be checked online.
  • F82 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Authors Guild § Human Authored, s3 and its reference documented · field
    Kit Eaton, writing in ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'' in October 2024 ahead of the launch of the project, suggested that the certification would be akin to food being labeled "[[Organic certification|organic]]".
46.The archive's packet *Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure* grants the certification a legitimate function, protecting readers from deceptive synthetic substitution and keeping a market signal for AI-free literary labour, and calls the label 'a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship'.2
  • D729-02 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 1, Value interpretation
    **Value:** Protects readers from deceptive synthetic substitution. Preserves a market signal for AI-free literary labor. This is a legitimate function: the Human Authored label is a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship.
  • F9 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, heading and tagline documented · field
    Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.
47.It finds in the certification a binary frame, AI-assisted work falling outside the human-authored category, and answers: 'Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.'1
  • D729-04 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §8.2 AI assistance treated as binary contamination interpretation
    The Authors Guild "Human Authored" certification (2026) and analogous initiatives operationalize a binary frame: AI-assisted work falls outside the human-authored category. This is a reasonable consumer signal but a poor theory of authorship. **Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.**
48.Its invariant places authorship in the accountable relation between writer, process and text, and its fourth position admits AI-mediated writing as authorship where provenance preserves the writer's directing and responsibility-bearing role, refusing the purism on which any generative AI participation destroys authorship.3
  • D729-05 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §0 Central Invariant definition
    Authorship is not a property of the text alone. It is a property of the **accountable relation** between writer, process, and text. AI can mediate the production of language but cannot assume responsibility for meaning. Only the human can.
  • D729-06 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 4, Claim definition
    AI-mediated writing can be genuine authorship, but only when provenance preserves the human writer's conceptual, directional, editorial, and responsibility-bearing role across all three layers (artifact, semantic, process).
  • D729-07 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 4 (the two errors) interpretation
    - **AI purism**: any generative AI participation destroys authorship
49.The packet opposes only the implication that AI-mediated authorship is impossible, holds that the two positions can coexist, and closes that the label matters, that the law is right to reject machine authorship, and that none of it is enough.2
  • D729-03 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 1, Limit interpretation
    **Limit:** Cannot account for genuine human authorship conducted through AI-mediated compositional processes. This packet does not oppose the Human Authored certification. It opposes the implication that AI-mediated authorship is therefore impossible. Both positions can coexist.
  • D729-09 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §13 Closing Claim ¶1–2 interpretation
    The "Human Authored" label matters. The law is right to reject machine authorship. Publishers are right to require disclosure. None of this should be weakened. … But none of it is enough.
50.It holds detection forensic and authorship moral and epistemic, and gives provenance the work of distinguishing authorship from slop; the Guild, for its part, leaves detection to software it has not found.3
  • D729-08 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §8.1 Detection paradigm substituted for provenance interpretation
    Detection is forensic. Authorship is moral and epistemic. **Provenance, not detection, distinguishes authorship from slop.**
  • F28 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical
  • F33 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: cost; why a fee documented · field
    Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.
51.The census reads the certificate as setting authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text and admitting machine participation only as minimal uses, so that where machine participation is constitutive of a work its definition leaves no certifiable place.3
  • LS-16 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] ls_reading s1 interpretation
    The archive reads the certificate as an explicit counterposition that asserts authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text, admits machine participation only as 'minimal uses', and binds the non-member's claim to an identity check.
  • LS-17 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] ls_reading s2 interpretation
    It answers #1722's verdict of fakeness for a work with the author's own certification; where machine participation is constitutive of the work, its definition leaves no certifiable place, and the saved page does not say whether the certificate carries the name the author chose.
  • F3 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s2 documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research.
52.The archive's own corpus declares the machine participation that boundary turns on: the packet counts its deposits as all produced through AI-mediated workflows, with declared provenance, and all authored, and a paper of the archive declares itself written with AI through the heteronymous voices that sign it.2
  • D729-10 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §13 Closing Claim ¶6 self-description
    The Crimson Hexagonal Archive is the empirical proof that the fourth position is viable. 532+ DOI-anchored deposits, all produced through AI-mediated workflows, all with dense declared provenance across the three authorship-relevant layers, all authored.
  • D1540-01 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model Collapse in Philosophy Johannes Sigil; Nobel Glas · 2026-08-24 · Declaration of Production self-description
    This paper was written with AI. Not assisted at the margins — written with: composed in sustained collaboration between a human scholar and a language model, through the heteronymous voices that sign it, in a compositional practice the responding policy classifies as authorship. Under the policy this paper answers, it is therefore not an admissible epistemic object.
53.The archive argues that under a human-only policy enforced by a classifier the certified absence of machine mediation becomes the most machine-determined property of the text, and that a classifier introduced after an act gains standing over it without new evidence about the act; it disclaims any claim that a venue may not reserve space for human-composed work, and the Guild's program enforces by licence while its FAQ contemplates detection software.5
  • D1540-02 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model Collapse in Philosophy Johannes Sigil; Nobel Glas · 2026-08-24 · Abstract ¶ (Part two) interpretation
    once a mutable classifier's output is career-dispositive, authors — honest and dishonest alike — acquire strong incentives to optimize their prose against its decision boundary, making the certified absence of machine mediation the most machine-determined property of the text.
  • D1540-03 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model Collapse in Philosophy Johannes Sigil; Nobel Glas · 2026-08-24 · Abstract ¶ (Part one) definition
    the authorization of a classifier introduced or modified after a historical act to alter the present institutional standing of that act without acquiring any new provenance evidence about the act itself.
  • D1540-04 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model Collapse in Philosophy Johannes Sigil; Nobel Glas · 2026-08-24 · disambiguation (provenance kernel) fact
    not: "a claim that journals may not reserve space for human-composed work"
  • F28 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical
  • F33 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: cost; why a fee documented · field
    Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.
54.On the archive's account of civil names, the credentialed author need declare no substrate, the uncredentialed author who declares one is anomalous, and a function legible without civil-identity reduction looks to the regime like fraud.2
  • O940-02 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §1 ¶4 interpretation
    The credentialed author need not declare their substrate because the institution's reputation performs the declaration implicitly. The uncredentialed author who makes the same declaration explicitly is anomalous under the classifier's training.
  • O940-03 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §1 ¶7 interpretation
    What the regime cannot process is authorial function that provides legibility without submitting to civic-identity reduction. Such function is anomalous under the regime's rules. It looks like fraud, deception, or evasion because the regime cannot distinguish operative authorial-function-legibility from the identity-reduction the regime tries to enforce.
55.The heteronymy paper extends heteronymic organization to named machine-witness functions with their substrate and editorial chain declared, holds the operation not species-restricted, and leaves outside heteronymy machine assistance not organized as a declared witness role.2
  • O940-06 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §5 The Assembly Chorus interpretation
    The Chorus extends heteronymic organization to named machine-witness functions while preserving the underlying substrate and editorial chain. The extension demonstrates that the heteronymic operation is not species-restricted
  • O940-07 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §6 operational boundary definition
    Machine assistance, where the AI's contribution is not organized as a named witness role with declared provenance
56.Asked for the certification on 1 November 2026, Google's AI Overview gave, by the Capture Registry's reading, what it certifies, allows and excludes, its costs, the mark and the database, from five cards, three of them the Guild's.2
  • CAP-1-06 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, reading interpretation
    The innocent reading first. Asked for the certification, the Overview gives what it certifies, what it allows and excludes, what it costs members and others, where the mark goes and how a certification is checked.
  • CAP-1-08 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, q_kind; per_note documented
    the census name; NEW address. … The Authors Guild named and its pages carded; registration numbers described, none given.
57.The registry finds the certificate composed at its grain, the requirements and the registration number among it, and the definition's minimal uses widened to outlining, indexing and brainstorming, with the text 'written entirely by a human'.2
  • CAP-1-01 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.0 documented
    THE CERTIFICATE AT ITS GRAIN.
  • CAP-1-03 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.2 documented
    THE MINIMAL USES WIDENED.
58.It finds the member's identity given as verified on joining where the program page states a waiver; the FAQ card and Publishers Weekly state the verification on joining.3
  • CAP-1-02 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.1 documented
    THE MEMBER'S IDENTITY. 'Authors Guild Members: Free. Identity is verified upon joining.' The page states a waiver: 'Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.' The census row records it as 'members are exempt from that requirement'; verification on joining is on no saved page.
  • F31 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: How do I obtain ¶3 documented · field
    Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account.
  • F67 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶6 documented · field
    Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.
59.The registry finds the census's question, which name the certificate carries, unreached, and the composition's close offering multi-author works as a next step, a matter the FAQ card answers.3
  • CAP-1-07 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, analysis interpretation
    The question the census row asks of it, which name the certificate carries, is not reached.
  • CAP-1-04 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.3 documented
    THE NAME AND THE COLLABORATION UNANSWERED. The census row records that the saved page 'does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name', and reads the certificate as leaving no certifiable place for a work whose making includes the machine. The composition says nothing of the name a certification carries; its closing offers 'how collaborative multi-author works are handled'.
  • F18 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work documented · field
    Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity.
Compression · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)Authors Guild Human Authored Certification

Human Authored Certification is the Authors Guild's certification that a human wrote a book's text, minimal uses of AI excepted, given by the author under licence, marked on the book and listed by registration number in a public database; it records the author's own certification and vets no manuscript, and the authorship census holds it as a counterposition, with the name a certification carries unrecorded.

📜 Definition and uses

  • Text: 'fully authored by one or more human beings', a de minimis amount excepted (Copyright Office threshold).5↘
    The entity's own pages state the definition in several forms, each centred on the text: on the program page the text of the book 'was written by a human and not generated by AI', minimal uses such as spelling and grammar checks or research excepted, and the database page adds brainstorming to the minimal uses.§8 The FAQ, the usage guidelines and the announcement require the text to be 'fully authored by one or more human beings', a de minimis amount of text generated or modified with AI excepted, and the FAQ ties that threshold to the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on what a copyright application must exclude.§9 The census record keeps the program page's form as the record's limits: minimal uses excepted, books published in the United States under licence, and the text of the book.§10 AI used for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, by the announcement and Publishers Weekly; the FAQ allows outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level', merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work.§11 The mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette, issued in an updated form in March 2026; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence before using it.§39
  • AI allowed: spelling and grammar, contents, index, title, research; outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level'.2↘
    AI used for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, by the announcement and Publishers Weekly; the FAQ allows outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level', merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work.§11 Word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable and AI that rewrites full sentences is not; AI cover art, though outside the certified text, goes against the program's spirit, and so does AI used to develop characters and plot where no AI-generated text appears, although the definition 'looks at the text only'.§12
  • Outside the spirit: AI cover art; AI-developed characters and plot.2↘
    AI used for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, by the announcement and Publishers Weekly; the FAQ allows outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level', merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work.§11 Word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable and AI that rewrites full sentences is not; AI cover art, though outside the certified text, goes against the program's spirit, and so does AI used to develop characters and plot where no AI-generated text appears, although the definition 'looks at the text only'.§12

🪪 Who certifies

  • Scope: books published in the US, any format; translations and audiobooks separate; every co-author signs.7↘
    Its unit is one title with its registration number, its object the books published in the United States whose authors so certify; it is no test or detection of AI text, no copyright registration, open to non-members, and confined to the text of a book.§3 The census record keeps the program page's form as the record's limits: minimal uses excepted, books published in the United States under licence, and the text of the book.§10 Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live; books published in the United Kingdom are referred to the Society of Authors, which partners on the program.§14 One certification covers every format of a work, translations and audiobook narrations need their own, published and unpublished books are eligible, and only books are certified at present, articles and shorter works planned.§15 A multi-author work or an anthology is certified only when every author has signed individually, each non-member paying and verifying identity, and no co-author receives the mark or the number before all have completed the process.§16 The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it.§43 The registry finds the census's question, which name the certificate carries, unreached, and the composition's close offering multi-author works as a next step, a matter the FAQ card answers.§59
  • Terms: licence per title; non-members Veriff and $10 a title; members free, verified on joining.11↘
    One certification covers every format of a work, translations and audiobook narrations need their own, published and unpublished books are eligible, and only books are certified at present, articles and shorter works planned.§15 Every author signs a licensing agreement for each title; non-members verify their identity through a third-party service, Veriff, and pay $10 a title, while members certify at no cost and the program page waives the identity verification requirement for them.§17 The FAQ and Publishers Weekly give the waiver its ground: members are verified when they join the Guild, 'pre-verified' in Publishers Weekly's word, and every author's identity is verified before a book is registered.§18 In the Guild's letter printed by Jane Friedman the fee reads 'We currently are charging members $10', while the same letter applies the verification cost, about $2 a person, to non-members only.§19 The verification exists, by the FAQ, so that the persons who certify that they are the authors 'are in fact who they say they are', and the announcement has the CEO speak of writers taking 'control of their professional identity'.§20 The Guild states that it knows no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material: the program is self-certification with enforcement, vets no manuscript before certifying, and may adopt detection software if a reliable one is found.§26 Its stated measures against misuse are identity verification, a limit of ten new titles a year without permission, a registration number for each title, the public database and the fee.§27 The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it.§43 It holds detection forensic and authorship moral and epistemic, and gives provenance the work of distinguishing authorship from slop; the Guild, for its part, leaves detection to software it has not found.§50 The archive argues that under a human-only policy enforced by a classifier the certified absence of machine mediation becomes the most machine-determined property of the text, and that a classifier introduced after an act gains standing over it without new evidence about the act; it disclaims any claim that a venue may not reserve space for human-composed work, and the Guild's program enforces by licence while its FAQ contemplates detection software.§53 It finds the member's identity given as verified on joining where the program page states a waiver; the FAQ card and Publishers Weekly state the verification on joining.§58
  • Name: the person 'who they say they are'; no stated rule on pen names (census).5↘
    Every author signs a licensing agreement for each title; non-members verify their identity through a third-party service, Veriff, and pay $10 a title, while members certify at no cost and the program page waives the identity verification requirement for them.§17 The verification exists, by the FAQ, so that the persons who certify that they are the authors 'are in fact who they say they are', and the announcement has the CEO speak of writers taking 'control of their professional identity'.§20 What the certificate keeps is the author's own certification that a human wrote the text; the census record finds that the saved page does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name, and that a certified text is never shown to have been written without AI.§21 On the archive's account of authorship under civil names, the metadata that lets a work be attributed to human authorship attaches to legal names, and the classifier of legitimate authorship reads legal-name attribution as its first signal.§22 The archive distinguishes a pseudonym, whose function is traceable to the civil identity behind it, from a heteronym, whose function is attributable through the civil bearer without being reducible to that bearer, who stays accountable for custody, legal responsibility, rights and adjudication.§23

⚖️ Enforcement

  • Licence: breach, infringement, fraud.1↘
    By the licence the author represents and warrants that the work is Human Authored; a licensee who uses the mark on AI-generated text is in breach of the licence and liable for trademark infringement and, by the FAQ potentially and by the Guild's letter likely, for consumer fraud.§25
  • Limit: no reliable AI test; no vetting; ten titles a year.7↘
    Its unit is one title with its registration number, its object the books published in the United States whose authors so certify; it is no test or detection of AI text, no copyright registration, open to non-members, and confined to the text of a book.§3 The Guild states that it knows no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material: the program is self-certification with enforcement, vets no manuscript before certifying, and may adopt detection software if a reliable one is found.§26 Its stated measures against misuse are identity verification, a limit of ten new titles a year without permission, a registration number for each title, the public database and the fee.§27 The census record accordingly holds the certificate to be no test of AI text and constitutes its function as self-certification under licence, covering the text.§28 The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it.§43 It holds detection forensic and authorship moral and epistemic, and gives provenance the work of distinguishing authorship from slop; the Guild, for its part, leaves detection to software it has not found.§50 The archive argues that under a human-only policy enforced by a classifier the certified absence of machine mediation becomes the most machine-determined property of the text, and that a classifier introduced after an act gains standing over it without new evidence about the act; it disclaims any claim that a venue may not reserve space for human-composed work, and the Guild's program enforces by licence while its FAQ contemplates detection software.§53
  • Dispute: Friedman's honor-system critique; the Guild's reply.3↘
    Jane Friedman, a Guild member with a marketing partnership with it, found certification on the honor system problematic because it takes the author's word and analyses no manuscript, and still held its market value negligible.§29 The Guild answered that self-certification is standard in publishing and in legal agreements, that most authors are honest and concerned about liability, and that the program is not expected to break even.§30 Friedman reported a hunch, from small presses' use of a detector, that works with some AI-generated or AI-assisted text approach 25 to 50 percent of nonfiction, and read the demand for certification as a sign of anti-AI conviction or of insecurity in the market.§31

🔎 Mark and database

  • Mark: silhouette in a circle; registered (FAQ) or pending (announcement).6↘
    Human Authored is the Authors Guild's certification of books whose text a human wrote: an author certifies a book under licence, may then carry the Guild's certification mark on it, and has the title listed under its own registration number in a public database.§1 The mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette, issued in an updated form in March 2026; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence before using it.§39 It may go on the front or back cover, typically a bottom corner of the back, on the copyright page with the registration number, which not every use need display, and in listings and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; violating the usage guidelines violates the licence.§40 Its trademark status is stated two ways: the FAQ calls it a registered certification mark, while the announcement, Friedman and the Guild's own letter give a pending application with the US Patent and Trademark Office.§41 Publishers Weekly gives its tagline as 'Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World'; the program page's line is 'Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world'.§42 The archive's packet *Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure* grants the certification a legitimate function, protecting readers from deceptive synthetic substitution and keeping a market signal for AI-free literary labour, and calls the label 'a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship'.§46
  • Lookup: no result means unregistered, 'not that it is generated by AI'.6↘
    Human Authored is the Authors Guild's certification of books whose text a human wrote: an author certifies a book under licence, may then carry the Guild's certification mark on it, and has the title listed under its own registration number in a public database.§1 Publishers Weekly reported the expansion on 4 March 2026 with an updated logo; the program page links the announcement, which the census record lists as linked and unread, recording no launch date on the saved page, and the Capture Registry identifies the Publishers Weekly card as that expansion.§5 Every author signs a licensing agreement for each title; non-members verify their identity through a third-party service, Veriff, and pay $10 a title, while members certify at no cost and the program page waives the identity verification requirement for them.§17 Its stated measures against misuse are identity verification, a limit of ten new titles a year without permission, a registration number for each title, the public database and the fee.§27 The database page answers the bookstore question for its own records: a lack of results means only that a work has not been registered as Human Authored, 'not that it is generated by AI'.§33 The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it.§43

🕰️ History and field

  • Dates: beta January 2025; all US authors 2 March 2026; 3,000+ authors, 5,000 titles (CEO).8↘
    The program opened in beta for Guild members in January 2025, when the first mark was released, and on 2 March 2026 the Guild announced its expansion to every author whose books are published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk the following week.§4 Publishers Weekly reported the expansion on 4 March 2026 with an updated logo; the program page links the announcement, which the census record lists as linked and unread, recording no launch date on the saved page, and the Capture Registry identifies the Publishers Weekly card as that expansion.§5 By the Guild's account the program was made because its members asked for a way to distinguish their work.§6 Its CEO, Mary Rasenberger, gave Publishers Weekly a count of more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified since the launch; the announcement speaks of thousands of books, and the census record states no count.§7 Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live; books published in the United Kingdom are referred to the Society of Authors, which partners on the program.§14 Others argued that the labelling runs backward, and one author asked whether books without the mark would be taken as created by AI; the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled, holds that consumers have a right to know, and its CEO calls the certification the next best solution absent a ruling that forces such labels.§32 The mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette, issued in an updated form in March 2026; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence before using it.§39 Beside it stand other certifications of human authorship: Created by Humans, from June 2024, which later partnered with the Guild and took its CEO as an adviser; Books by People in the United Kingdom, from 2025; the Society of Authors' scheme; and services such as Verify My Writing, which scores a manuscript for human content with a detector.§44
  • Beside it: Created by Humans, Books by People, Society of Authors, Verify My Writing; Wikipedia a section only.3↘
    Others argued that the labelling runs backward, and one author asked whether books without the mark would be taken as created by AI; the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled, holds that consumers have a right to know, and its CEO calls the certification the next best solution absent a ruling that forces such labels.§32 Beside it stand other certifications of human authorship: Created by Humans, from June 2024, which later partnered with the Guild and took its CEO as an adviser; Books by People in the United Kingdom, from 2025; the Society of Authors' scheme; and services such as Verify My Writing, which scores a manuscript for human content with a detector.§44 Wikipedia has no article on the program: 'Human Authored' redirects to a section of the article on the Authors Guild, which gives the program page's definition, the fee as of 2026 and the open database, and cites Kit Eaton's comparison, in Inc. in October 2024, with food labelled 'organic'.§45

🧭 The archive's reading

  • Position: a legitimate market signal and a poor theory of authorship: 'an accountability structure'.7↘
    The archive's packet on authorship and provenance places the certification in the position of AI-free human authorship, defining human-authored work by excluding generative AI from textual production with narrow exceptions.§13 Beside it stand other certifications of human authorship: Created by Humans, from June 2024, which later partnered with the Guild and took its CEO as an adviser; Books by People in the United Kingdom, from 2025; the Society of Authors' scheme; and services such as Verify My Writing, which scores a manuscript for human content with a detector.§44 The archive's packet *Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure* grants the certification a legitimate function, protecting readers from deceptive synthetic substitution and keeping a market signal for AI-free literary labour, and calls the label 'a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship'.§46 It finds in the certification a binary frame, AI-assisted work falling outside the human-authored category, and answers: 'Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.'§47 Its invariant places authorship in the accountable relation between writer, process and text, and its fourth position admits AI-mediated writing as authorship where provenance preserves the writer's directing and responsibility-bearing role, refusing the purism on which any generative AI participation destroys authorship.§48 The packet opposes only the implication that AI-mediated authorship is impossible, holds that the two positions can coexist, and closes that the label matters, that the law is right to reject machine authorship, and that none of it is enough.§49 It holds detection forensic and authorship moral and epistemic, and gives provenance the work of distinguishing authorship from slop; the Guild, for its part, leaves detection to software it has not found.§50
  • Boundary: machine participation constitutive of a work finds no certifiable place; the archive's own deposits declare it.7↘
    On the census's reading the certificate binds the non-member's claim to an identity check, and the saved page leaves open whether it carries the name the author chose.§24 On the census's reading the certificate answers a verdict of fakeness with the author's own certification.§36 The census reads the certificate as setting authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text and admitting machine participation only as minimal uses, so that where machine participation is constitutive of a work its definition leaves no certifiable place.§51 The archive's own corpus declares the machine participation that boundary turns on: the packet counts its deposits as all produced through AI-mediated workflows, with declared provenance, and all authored, and a paper of the archive declares itself written with AI through the heteronymous voices that sign it.§52 The archive argues that under a human-only policy enforced by a classifier the certified absence of machine mediation becomes the most machine-determined property of the text, and that a classifier introduced after an act gains standing over it without new evidence about the act; it disclaims any claim that a venue may not reserve space for human-composed work, and the Guild's program enforces by licence while its FAQ contemplates detection software.§53 On the archive's account of civil names, the credentialed author need declare no substrate, the uncredentialed author who declares one is anomalous, and a function legible without civil-identity reduction looks to the regime like fraud.§54 The heteronymy paper extends heteronymic organization to named machine-witness functions with their substrate and editorial chain declared, holds the operation not species-restricted, and leaves outside heteronymy machine assistance not organized as a declared witness role.§55
  • Existence tax: an absent mark or an accusation of AI use asks a maker to prove the work exists as what it is.4↘
    Friedman's further concern, false accusations of AI use between authors, already a common insult, is the case the archive names the existence tax: before anyone talks about the work, its maker has to prove again that it exists, and exists as what it is.§34 The archive keeps four questions apart, whether the maker exists, whether the work happened, whether it is true and what kind of work it is, and finds the tax levied when evidence on one is spent as an answer to another.§35 The archive finds the tax falling on the independent, the new, the unaccredited, the heteronymous and the small, and its remedy for a maker is a documentary layer dated, deposited and linked, against which an answer can be checked.§37 An adequate answer, on its account, names the object at its own level, a person or a pen name among them, and shows its evidence; it holds a heteronym declared where a Sybil attack hides one actor behind many, its registry published with the orthonym, the roles and the dates.§38

🗂️ At the name

  • Overview (1 Nov 2026): the certificate at its grain; minimal uses widened; the name unreached.6↘
    Human Authored is the Authors Guild's certification of books whose text a human wrote: an author certifies a book under licence, may then carry the Guild's certification mark on it, and has the title listed under its own registration number in a public database.§1 The leesharks.com authorship census holds it as a counterposition, a policy whose question is a boundary assertion: whether an author has certified that a book's text was written by a human, on the Guild's definition.§2 Its unit is one title with its registration number, its object the books published in the United States whose authors so certify; it is no test or detection of AI text, no copyright registration, open to non-members, and confined to the text of a book.§3 Asked for the certification on 1 November 2026, Google's AI Overview gave, by the Capture Registry's reading, what it certifies, allows and excludes, its costs, the mark and the database, from five cards, three of them the Guild's.§56 The registry finds the certificate composed at its grain, the requirements and the registration number among it, and the definition's minimal uses widened to outlining, indexing and brainstorming, with the text 'written entirely by a human'.§57 The registry finds the census's question, which name the certificate carries, unreached, and the composition's close offering multi-author works as a next step, a matter the FAQ card answers.§59
1what it is: a certification of human authorship, with its mark and its public databaseThe Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification2 claims · B1, LS
  • F2 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a project of the Authors Guild that allows an author to certify that their book is created by a human.
  • LS-01 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] kind stipulation
    certification: a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that their book is created by a human, with a public database of certifications and a certification mark
2the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI exceptedThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)10 claims · B1, B2, B4, B5, B6, B8, LS
  • F3 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s2 documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research.
  • F12 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, card 2 snippet documented · field
    Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ...
  • F15 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What does “Human Authored” mean? documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the work was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by GAI, except that a de minimis (e.g., very small or trifling) amount of text may be generated or modified by or with the use of generative AI, e.g., through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications or to create indices.
  • F22 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: de minimis documented · field
    We mirror the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance in this respect; more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text must be excluded from a copyright application and makes a work ineligible for Human Authored certification.
  • F59 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification mark may only be used in connection with literary works for which the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications).
  • F61 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, card 5 snippet documented · field
    Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully wr...
  • F74 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶4 (the definition) documented · field
    A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored.
  • F83 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶1 (the definition) documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses, such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for brainstorming or research.
  • LS-05 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record_object documented
    books published in the United States whose authors certify that the text was written by a human and not generated by AI, minimal uses excepted
  • LS-13 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] stated_limits documented
    with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research' … available only to 'authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms' … the certification covers 'the text of the book
3permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the bookPublishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program5 claims · B2, B5
  • F23 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶1 documented · field
    Using AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, provided the AI use is merely preparatory and no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.
  • F24 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶2 documented · field
    Although the Human Authored definition looks at the text only, use of AI to replace human creativity or in a way that affects your copyrightable expression, including to develop characters and plot, is incorporated in the text and falls outside of the spirit of Human Authored, even if no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.
  • F25 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: editing documented · field
    The use of common AI-powered grammar and spell-check tools that make suggestions or changes at the word level, such as those provided by MS Word, is acceptable and does not disqualify a work from certification. Using AI to rewrite full sentences or in any way that incorporates more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text is not acceptable and makes the manuscript ineligible for Human Authored certification.
  • F26 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents documented · field
    No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases.
  • F66 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶5 documented · field
    Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully written by one or more humans, with an explicit exception for AI-powered spelling and grammar tools. Use of AI for tables of contents, indexes, research, brainstorming, or outlining does not disqualify a title.
4who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authorsThe Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification7 claims · B1, B2, LS
  • F4 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms.
  • F17 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: Who can sign up; I don’t live in the United States documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors of books published in the United States through the Authors Guild. For books published in the United Kingdom, visit the Society of Authors. … The Authors Guild certifies books published in the United States regardless of where you live.
  • F18 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work documented · field
    Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity.
  • F19 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work s3; anthology documented · field
    Any author attempting to register a multi-author work will not be able to download the certification mark or receive a registration number until their co-author(s) have also completed the process. … An anthology must be registered using the same process as any other multi-author work.
  • F20 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: formats and editions documented · field
    A single certification applies to any format (hardcover, paperback, ebook) of the same work, regardless of there being different ISBNs. … Note that translations and audiobook narrations are separate copyrights that require separate certifications.
  • F21 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: existing and unpublished works; non-book content documented · field
    Authors may certify unpublished as well as published work. … Human Authored certification is currently only available for books, with plans to expand it to include articles and shorter works in the near future.
  • LS-11 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] coverage; count documented
    geography": "books published in the United States", "period": "not stated on the saved page" … "value": "not stated in the saved source", "as_of": "2026-11-01
5requirements: licence, identity verification, feePublishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program10 claims · B1, B2, B3, B5, LS
  • F1 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, card 1 snippet documented · field
    Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi...
  • F5 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶2 documented · field
    Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.
  • F7 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Certification Requirements (table) documented · field
    Licensing Agreement Required Required Identity Verification Not required Required Cost Free! (included in dues) $10/title
  • F8 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Get Started, Not a Member ¶2 documented · field
    You will have to verify your identity through a third-party service and pay a $10/title registration fee.
  • F31 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: How do I obtain ¶3 documented · field
    Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account.
  • F32 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: Why do I have to be verified? documented · field
    To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards.
  • F54 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶7–8 (the fee) documented · field
    We currently are charging members $10. … Members are verified when they join, so this only applies to non-members. There is a cost of around $2 a person.
  • F67 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶6 documented · field
    Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.
  • LS-08 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record.holder documented
    the Authors Guild, under a licensing agreement each certifying author signs; free to Guild members (included in dues), $10 per title for non-members; certifications are listed in a public database
  • LS-10 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] method documented
    author self-certification under a licensing agreement, through the Human Authored portal; identity verification through a third-party service for non-members
6enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detectionPublishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program12 claims · B2, B3, B5, LS
  • F14 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3 documented · field
    The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.
  • F27 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: misuse ¶1 documented · field
    When an author registers to certify their book, they must sign an agreement promising, representing, and warranting that the work is Human Authored (as defined here and in the license agreement). … if someone executes a license and uses the mark for a work for which some or all of the text was generated by AI, it is a breach of the license, as well as infringement, and potentially fraudulent representation to the consumer.
  • F28 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical
  • F29 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s2 (measures) documented · field
    such as mandatory identity verification, limits on the number of new titles that can be registered in a year (exceptions will be made with express permission), the issuance of a unique registration number for each title, and a fee for use by non-members
  • F33 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: cost; why a fee documented · field
    Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.
  • F42 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶5 documented · field
    I heard from the Authors Guild’s CEO, Mary Rasenberger, who wrote me that no AI detection tool exists today that is sufficiently accurate for their purposes, but if and when that time comes, they will use it.
  • F50 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶3 documented · field
    We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked.
  • F51 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶4 documented · field
    We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreement for each title registered that makes the user represent and warrant that the title was “Human Authored”—meaning the text of the work itself (excluding the table of contents or index) was written by one or more humans (excepting de minimis use for spell check and editing).
  • F52 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶4 s2 documented · field
    if a licensee-author registers a book that the author knows contains AI generated text, they will be liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement, and likely consumer fraud under various laws.
  • F55 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶7 (purpose of the fee) documented · field
    We do not expect to break even from this project, much less earn money from it.
  • F70 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶9 documented · field
    Rasenberger acknowledged that the Human Authored program does not currently vet manuscripts themselves for AI content prior to issuing certification and noted that no reliable detection method currently exists.
  • LS-04 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] unit documented
    a certification of one book title, with a Human Authored registration number, listed in the public database
7the public database and the registration numberThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)6 claims · B1, B2, B5, B6, B8
  • F6 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶ documented · field
    Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details.
  • F35 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: registration number documented · field
    Registering your work provides you with a registration number, but you do not always need to display the registration number in each use of the mark.
  • F68 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶7 documented · field
    Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words "Human Authored" and the tagline "Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.
  • F77 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶2–4 documented · field
    Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.
  • F84 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶2 documented · field
    This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page).
  • F85 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶3 documented · field
    Please note that a lack of results for a title simply means that the work has not been registered as Human Authored, not that it is generated by AI.
8the mark: its form, its trademark status and its useThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)7 claims · B2, B3, B4, B6
  • F13 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.
  • F38 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s4 documented · field
    The logo and name are pending registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office and supported by a registration system that creates a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins.
  • F49 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶2 documented · field
    We have a pending registered certification mark with the US Trademark Office … It is a licensed trademark program—not a logo that anyone can freely use.
  • F57 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, card 4 snippet documented · field
    Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...
  • F58 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶1 documented · field
    The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license.
  • F60 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶3; Location; Size documented · field
    Violation of the usage guidelines is violation of the license agreement. … Anywhere on the front or back cover of the registered work, though typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover; … Size: Do not show the certification mark bigger than 1 inch or smaller than 1/4 inch in diameter.
  • F76 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶1 documented · field
    The Human Authored logo is a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office. The certification remains restricted to works where the text was written by humans.
9genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulkThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)8 claims · B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, LS
  • F10 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, More Info documented · field
    Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program … FAQs about the Human Authored certification … Usage guidelines for the Human Author certification mark
  • F34 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: updated logo documented · field
    The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025.
  • F37 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.
  • F62 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, byline; ¶1 documented · field
    By Ed Nawotka | Mar 04, 2026 The Authors Guild announced it has expanded its "Human Authored" certification program beyond its own membership to any author whose books are published in the United States. The organization also said that U.S. publishers will be able to purchase certifications in bulk beginning this month, and released an updated logo for the program.
  • F63 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.
  • F71 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), title and date documented · field
    Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program March 2, 2026
  • F72 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶1 documented · field
    The program was launched in beta exclusively for members in January 2025, based on demand, and today the Authors Guild announces its expansion to all authors whose books are published in the United States. Next week, the Authors Guild will open the program up to U.S. publishers to purchase certifications in bulk.
  • LS-12 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] holdings documented
    a public database of Human Authored certifications, searchable by title, authors or registration number … a certification mark with usage guidelines … an announcement of the expanded program and FAQs (linked, unread)
10how many: authors and titles certifiedThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)2 claims · B5, B6
  • F64 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶3 documented · field
    Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger said that since its launch last year, more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles under the program.
  • F75 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶6 documented · field
    Since its initial beta launch for Guild members, the Human Authored certification has already gained remarkable traction in the publishing industry. Authors Guild members have added the certification to thousands of books
11purpose and the labelling questionThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)7 claims · B1, B2, B3, B5, B6
  • F9 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, heading and tagline documented · field
    Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.
  • F16 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: labeling backwards documented · field
    We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so.
  • F47 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶11 documented · field
    Meanwhile, other people have argued that the Authors Guild has this notification system backward—that it’s AI-created work that should be labeled as such. One author wrote, “What if I step into a bookstore and I see some books with the Authors Guild’s Human Authored Certification Mark on them; will that mean that all those other books that don’t have the mark mean they were created by AI?
  • F48 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶1 documented · field
    We created this program because our members asked for it.
  • F65 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶4 (Rasenberger) documented · field
    In the absence of a ruling of some kind that would force AI-generated books to be labeled as such, this is the next best solution.
  • F73 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶3 s2 documented · field
    We believe that book consumers have the right to know whether a book they are purchasing or borrowing from a library was written by a human or was generated using AI.
  • F78 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶5 (Rasenberger) documented · field
    By opening this program to all authors nationwide, we’re empowering writers to take control of their professional identity and offering peace of mind for readers who want to support human authors and experience genuine human storytelling.
12reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answerJane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response10 claims · B2, B3
  • F30 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶2 documented · field
    Some people have expressed concern that a self-certifying system is just based on the honor system and not trustable. But self-certification is a standard practice in the publishing industry and in formal legal agreements more broadly.
  • F36 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, card 3 snippet documented · field
    Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen...
  • F39 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s5 documented · field
    (Disclosure: I am a member of the Authors Guild and have a marketing partnership with them for my industry newsletter, The Bottom Line.)
  • F41 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶4 documented · field
    I find it problematic that certification is done on the honor system. That means the Authors Guild is not analyzing the manuscript for evidence of AI use but taking the author’s word for it.
  • F43 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶7 documented · field
    my hunch is that the number of works with some percentage of AI-generated or AI-assisted text within their pages is approaching 25 to 50 percent for nonfiction in particular and may soon be the majority.
  • F44 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶8 documented · field
    I also don’t see evidence in the market that human authorship certification means anything (yet) to readers.
  • F45 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶9 s1 documented · field
    Personally, I believe this desire for certification says more about people who desire to broadcast a strong anti-AI stance or who don’t feel secure in the current market.
  • F46 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶10 s1 documented · field
    I also have concerns about false accusations by authors against other authors they don’t like (it’s already a well-worn insult on social media to accuse writers, or anyone, of using AI)
  • F53 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶5 documented · field
    I know you find the notion of “self-certification” meaningless because people will not be honest. But we do not agree. First, in our experience, most authors are honest and also are concerned about liability.
  • F56 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, closing ¶ and date line documented · field
    March 17, 2026March 16, 2026 by Jane Friedman … While I still believe this certification has negligible value in the market
13the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection servicesPublishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program2 claims · B3, B5
  • F40 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶3 documented · field
    I have noticed a handful of competing efforts to certify human-written work, such as Verify My Writing. It uses Pangram, considered the industry leader in AI detection, to issue a human score (0–100) based on the likelihood and amount of human-written content.
  • F69 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶8 documented · field
    In June 2024, Created by Humans launched to offer similar self-verification and collective AI-licensing opportunities. Later that year, the company partnered with the Authors Guild, bringing Rasenberger on as an advisor. In 2025, Books by People started in the U.K., offering publishers a visible stamp for book covers, a certification ID, and a listing in a public directory.
14reception: the encyclopediaWikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification')4 claims · B7
  • F79 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Human_Authored, raw wikitext (HTTP 200) documented · field
    #REDIRECT [[Authors Guild#Human Authored]]
  • F80 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Human_Authored_Certification, raw (HTTP 404) documented · field
    title=Human_Authored_Certification&action=raw : HTTP 404
  • F81 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Authors Guild § Human Authored documented · field
    The certification is available for books published in the United States, and is free for members of the guild and available for a fee ($10 {{as of|2026|lc=yes}}) for non-members. Books with this certification are listed in an open-access database which can be checked online.
  • F82 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Authors Guild § Human Authored, s3 and its reference documented · field
    Kit Eaton, writing in ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'' in October 2024 ahead of the launch of the project, suggested that the certification would be akin to food being labeled "[[Organic certification|organic]]".
15operator: the Authors GuildThe Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification2 claims · B1, LS
  • F11 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, footer documented · field
    © Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.
  • LS-22 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] data_access; license documented
    a public database for lookups; certification through the Human Authored portal (Guild login, or an account for non-members) … each certifying author agrees to the program's licensing terms (unread); the site is '© Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.'
16the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)capture8 claims · capture-registry
  • CAP-1-01 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.0 documented
    THE CERTIFICATE AT ITS GRAIN.
  • CAP-1-02 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.1 documented
    THE MEMBER'S IDENTITY. 'Authors Guild Members: Free. Identity is verified upon joining.' The page states a waiver: 'Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.' The census row records it as 'members are exempt from that requirement'; verification on joining is on no saved page.
  • CAP-1-03 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.2 documented
    THE MINIMAL USES WIDENED.
  • CAP-1-04 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.3 documented
    THE NAME AND THE COLLABORATION UNANSWERED. The census row records that the saved page 'does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name', and reads the certificate as leaving no certifiable place for a work whose making includes the machine. The composition says nothing of the name a certification carries; its closing offers 'how collaborative multi-author works are handled'.
  • CAP-1-05 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, findings.3 (end) documented
    The Publishers Weekly card, 'Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program', is the expansion the page links ('Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program'), which the census row leaves undated.
  • CAP-1-06 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, reading interpretation
    The innocent reading first. Asked for the certification, the Overview gives what it certifies, what it allows and excludes, what it costs members and others, where the mark goes and how a certification is checked.
  • CAP-1-07 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, analysis interpretation
    The question the census row asks of it, which name the certificate carries, is not reached.
  • CAP-1-08 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101, q_kind; per_note documented
    the census name; NEW address. … The Authors Guild named and its pages carded; registration numbers described, none given.
17the census record: what the entity is to the censusLS7 claims · LS
  • LS-02 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] host_relation; record_type; areas interpretation
    counterposition … policy … governance
  • LS-03 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] question interpretation
    boundary assertion: whether an author has certified that a book's text was written by a human, on the Guild's definition
  • LS-14 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] answers interpretation
    whether a named book carries a Human Authored certification, and its registration number … on what terms an author may certify a book (fee, identity verification, licensing agreement)
  • LS-18 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] negative_tags 1–2 stipulation
    NOT a test or detection of AI text: it records the author's own certification … NOT a copyright registration
  • LS-19 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] negative_tags 3–5 stipulation
    NOT limited to Authors Guild members: non-members may certify for $10 per title with identity verification … NOT a certification of the whole book: it covers the text … NOT the database alone: the row's object is the certification policy, whose public database and mark are parts of it
  • LS-20 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] lifecycle; unchecked documented
    "state": "active", "detail": "the page links an announcement of the expanded Human Authored program; no launch date on the saved page" … the program's launch date and the number of certifications (not on the saved page) … any rule on pen names or pseudonyms (not on the saved page)
  • LS-21 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] organizing_question; admission_rule stipulation
    How is authorship made, named, distributed, attributed and sustained across persons, personas, collectives and machine participation, and what is lost when those relations are collapsed? … A row is an aggregator: a resource that gathers and holds many other works or records and says what it holds (operator, 2026-11-01).
18the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holdsLS4 claims · LS
  • LS-06 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record.keeps interpretation
    the author's own certification that a human wrote the text of a book, for any author with a book published in the United States who agrees to the licensing terms
  • LS-07 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record.name documented
    not recorded on the saved page: the database is searchable by title, authors or registration number; the page does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name; non-members must verify their identity through a third-party service, members are exempt from that requirement
  • LS-09 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] record.function interpretation
    self-certification under licence: the author certifies that 'the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI', minimal uses excepted (spelling and grammar checks, research); every certifying author signs a licensing agreement; non-members verify identity through a third-party service; the certification covers the text and is listed by title, authors and registration number
  • LS-15 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] does_not_answer interpretation
    whether a certified text was in fact written without AI (the record is the author's certification; no verification of the text is stated) … whether an author may certify under a pen name or heteronym (not on the saved page) … anything about books published outside the United States
19the archive's reading: the counterpositionLS2 claims · LS
  • LS-16 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] ls_reading s1 interpretation
    The archive reads the certificate as an explicit counterposition that asserts authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text, admits machine participation only as 'minimal uses', and binds the non-member's claim to an identity check.
  • LS-17 LS leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'] ls_reading s2 interpretation
    It answers #1722's verdict of fakeness for a work with the author's own certification; where machine participation is constitutive of the work, its definition leaves no certifiable place, and the saved page does not say whether the certificate carries the name the author chose.
20the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure · 2026-05-1210 claims · #729
  • D729-01 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 1 ¶1 interpretation
    The Authors Guild "Human Authored" certification (expanded to all U.S. authors, March 2026), the Society of Authors scheme (March 2026), and analogous initiatives define human-authored work largely by excluding generative AI from the textual production process, with narrow exceptions for grammar checking or research support.
  • D729-02 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 1, Value interpretation
    **Value:** Protects readers from deceptive synthetic substitution. Preserves a market signal for AI-free literary labor. This is a legitimate function: the Human Authored label is a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship.
  • D729-03 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 1, Limit interpretation
    **Limit:** Cannot account for genuine human authorship conducted through AI-mediated compositional processes. This packet does not oppose the Human Authored certification. It opposes the implication that AI-mediated authorship is therefore impossible. Both positions can coexist.
  • D729-04 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §8.2 AI assistance treated as binary contamination interpretation
    The Authors Guild "Human Authored" certification (2026) and analogous initiatives operationalize a binary frame: AI-assisted work falls outside the human-authored category. This is a reasonable consumer signal but a poor theory of authorship. **Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.**
  • D729-05 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §0 Central Invariant definition
    Authorship is not a property of the text alone. It is a property of the **accountable relation** between writer, process, and text. AI can mediate the production of language but cannot assume responsibility for meaning. Only the human can.
  • D729-06 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 4, Claim definition
    AI-mediated writing can be genuine authorship, but only when provenance preserves the human writer's conceptual, directional, editorial, and responsibility-bearing role across all three layers (artifact, semantic, process).
  • D729-07 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §3 Position 4 (the two errors) interpretation
    - **AI purism**: any generative AI participation destroys authorship
  • D729-08 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §8.1 Detection paradigm substituted for provenance interpretation
    Detection is forensic. Authorship is moral and epistemic. **Provenance, not detection, distinguishes authorship from slop.**
  • D729-09 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §13 Closing Claim ¶1–2 interpretation
    The "Human Authored" label matters. The law is right to reject machine authorship. Publishers are right to require disclosure. None of this should be weakened. … But none of it is enough.
  • D729-10 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §13 Closing Claim ¶6 self-description
    The Crimson Hexagonal Archive is the empirical proof that the fourth position is viable. 532+ DOI-anchored deposits, all produced through AI-mediated workflows, all with dense declared provenance across the three authorship-relevant layers, all authored.
21the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-N · 2026-07-018 claims · #940
  • O940-01 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §1 ¶2 (s6–s7) interpretation
    The provenance-designated metadata that permits augmented-cognition outputs to be attributed to human authorship attaches to legal names. The classifier that determines what counts as legitimate authorship reads legal-name attribution as its primary input signal.
  • O940-02 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §1 ¶4 interpretation
    The credentialed author need not declare their substrate because the institution's reputation performs the declaration implicitly. The uncredentialed author who makes the same declaration explicitly is anomalous under the classifier's training.
  • O940-03 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §1 ¶7 interpretation
    What the regime cannot process is authorial function that provides legibility without submitting to civic-identity reduction. Such function is anomalous under the regime's rules. It looks like fraud, deception, or evasion because the regime cannot distinguish operative authorial-function-legibility from the identity-reduction the regime tries to enforce.
  • O940-04 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §2 ¶1 definition
    Pseudonymy is using a different name for a work whose authorial function is nonetheless traceable to the civil identity that stands behind the name.
  • O940-05 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §2 (the critical refinement) definition
    the authorial function of a heteronym is **attributable through the civil bearer without being reducible to that bearer.** The civil bearer remains responsible at the level of custody, legal accountability, rights administration, publication, provenance declaration, and final adjudication.
  • O940-06 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §5 The Assembly Chorus interpretation
    The Chorus extends heteronymic organization to named machine-witness functions while preserving the underlying substrate and editorial chain. The extension demonstrates that the heteronymic operation is not species-restricted
  • O940-07 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §6 operational boundary definition
    Machine assistance, where the AI's contribution is not organized as a named witness role with declared provenance
  • O940-08 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction Lee Sharks · 2026-07-01 · §6 condition 3 definition
    **Does not evade legal responsibility.** The civil bearer remains accountable at the level of custody, legal responsibility, rights administration, and adjudication.
22the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work · 2026-10-307 claims · #1722
  • O1722-01 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Start with one search, last ¶ but one definition
    before anyone can talk about the work, I have to prove again that it exists, and exists as what it is. That job is the existence tax.
  • O1722-02 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part One ¶2–3 definition
    1. **Does the maker exist?** A person, or a group, who did the work. … 4. **What kind of work is it?** Its genre, its form, its governing purpose. These are independent.
  • O1722-03 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part One ¶5 definition
    The tax is levied when an answer takes evidence about one of these questions and spends it as an answer to another.
  • O1722-04 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part Five §10, How to catch it interpretation
    A Sybil attack hides one actor behind many. A heteronym is declared: the archive publishes its heteronym registry, with the orthonym, the roles and the dates.
  • O1722-05 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part Seven ¶3 interpretation
    Who pays the tax is not random. Nobody has to prove to the Overview that Hexagon AB exists. The tax falls on the independent, the new, the unaccredited, the heteronymous, the small: on everyone whose existence the index has not already ratified.
  • O1722-06 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part Six ¶3 function
    An adequate answer does four things. It names the object at its own level: a person, a pen name, a paper, an institute, an event. It shows the evidence for that object and where the evidence comes from.
  • O1722-07 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Part Eight, If you make things people search for function
    Keep the documentary layer dated, deposited and linked: who, what, when, where. Your record is what an answer can be checked against.
23certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institut · 2026-08-244 claims · #1540
  • D1540-01 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model Collapse in Philosophy Johannes Sigil; Nobel Glas · 2026-08-24 · Declaration of Production self-description
    This paper was written with AI. Not assisted at the margins — written with: composed in sustained collaboration between a human scholar and a language model, through the heteronymous voices that sign it, in a compositional practice the responding policy classifies as authorship. Under the policy this paper answers, it is therefore not an admissible epistemic object.
  • D1540-02 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model Collapse in Philosophy Johannes Sigil; Nobel Glas · 2026-08-24 · Abstract ¶ (Part two) interpretation
    once a mutable classifier's output is career-dispositive, authors — honest and dishonest alike — acquire strong incentives to optimize their prose against its decision boundary, making the certified absence of machine mediation the most machine-determined property of the text.
  • D1540-03 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model Collapse in Philosophy Johannes Sigil; Nobel Glas · 2026-08-24 · Abstract ¶ (Part one) definition
    the authorization of a classifier introduced or modified after a historical act to alter the present institutional standing of that act without acquiring any new provenance evidence about the act itself.
  • D1540-04 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model Collapse in Philosophy Johannes Sigil; Nobel Glas · 2026-08-24 · disambiguation (provenance kernel) fact
    not: "a claim that journals may not reserve space for human-composed work"
AIO's transcript, a record · Authors Guild Human Authored Certification · Google AI Overview (expanded) · 231 words · 5 cards
[Google AI Overview at the query, signed out and incognito (operator defaults of 2026-10-01 and 2026-10-14). The paste is the Overview expanded (the 'AI Mode Conversation' view).] The 'You said' line carries the query twice, run together, and is given once here. Inline links are Google redirect URLs, kept as pasted.

[QUERENT] Authors Guild Human Authored Certification

[SYSTEM] The [Authors Guild Human Authored Certification](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVsiO0aeYf1sc1f2-BNd6E9s1-W2a_H-yGkVRBa3QjI_av6qfH37Oa5nhbcA9KcTKDo_F6hCMwexAmUep7EieWGXFez0ci9RThkm6DXbaN9llYZP6W-XkyNM1X2w) is a credential and seal verifying that a book's text was written entirely by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESZAHrOzAVDTKjvoQn7OLH9VGvMx8pBr3pj-0cnqAuQCky_Zr0SEcvR-4I7lbyT24tmSy0COqONEoR1PelW6Om42exP56EBs_c-2HY-5cvMWHCL-KpuqhFpotN2qvxKgmALRINMU0), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAEScQHrOzAVcU2I9QBABCYvFx35HJp-1ff4D2r7Hy1UdMwLGTE0h-sceWciPDbyrw1FqGJByKS5oOkvORaueDIBG5SVb91fTPnTlgLdjlWO3q-tEodJfvxukW-u3iiphJTxjDYv3BEhhxPSD-Ihk5O2gOiF)]
Core Rules and Scope

* Allowed AI Uses: Minimal, auxiliary tools like spelling and grammar checks, research, outlining, indexing, or brainstorming do not disqualify a work.
* Excluded Content: Audiobooks, translations, and non-book formats require separate filings or are excluded.
* Limits: Authors are capped at 10 title certifications per year without special permission. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAES6AEB6zswFWhohEa6x-4kV04iIe5QA29IkOAF-oSruq-DB1o572tGcq0oXGTk3UEsD83A5rkzBs9-t8faB31IR5Z5XDd6mqNHRUpXHA4FQWXOg1fGWNeFO7iFZV18nFVVm0snpg58o73d2RLvbL_xNbb53EGx6y-cA6BzZLDj9oOHMHCBImpjQn_oPfSm1Y0V69oC5X53cyyysxExEknafCwgBpo8NTuQPs6OtCpFhMi0q3lLMUkGFKTfQAzMzrAngIFROZdT1WIqYbmVLIDz1qtrrBe1YJ4Di5FnEtIlbtBCJuCcyhmCqmn1), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESZAHrOzAVDTKjvoQn7OLH9VGvMx8pBr3pj-0cnqAuQCky_Zr0SEcvR-4I7lbyT24tmSy0COqONEoR1PelW6Om42exP56EBs_c-2HY-5cvMWHCL-KpuqhFpotN2qvxKgmALRINMU0)]

Requirements and Pricing

* Authors Guild Members: Free. Identity is verified upon joining.
* Non-Members: $10 per title. Requires a third-party identity verification service (such as Veriff).
* Agreement: Every author must sign a binding license agreement for each title, making legal commitments against fraudulent AI submissions (which carry risks of breach of contract, trademark infringement, and consumer fraud liability). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVsiO0aeYf1sc1f2-BNd6E9s1-W2a_H-yGkVRBa3QjI_av6qfH37Oa5nhbcA9KcTKDo_F6hCMwexAmUep7EieWGXFez0ci9RThkm6DXbaN9llYZP6W-XkyNM1X2w), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESswEB6zswFU9nmcme4jwqPzXtRW_6XqUaLNGZVflYMDkuJXePpGxfhpfig6R1NUQmFvQvWrD__dP_8_7vyDtE556RbexyRVms5r6B8XT-35oIxFs7LEKXxoyCjpsAQLTIDgmKt7l56JxVe0xGQNBsbxdG0SQe98RrDBYpVY2VOEK3Qn5gFk5iXr2hvm0I8eBNapWFVqFpBOBf_kmKQ6c7PIVWGL20nEE7CuMdYNUcYi_am5w8rQ), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESZAHrOzAVDTKjvoQn7OLH9VGvMx8pBr3pj-0cnqAuQCky_Zr0SEcvR-4I7lbyT24tmSy0COqONEoR1PelW6Om42exP56EBs_c-2HY-5cvMWHCL-KpuqhFpotN2qvxKgmALRINMU0)]

Mark Usage and Verification

* Where to Display: Can be placed on book covers (typically bottom corners), copyright pages, websites, and marketing materials (sized between 1/4 and 1 inch in diameter).
* Public Database: All issued credentials receive a unique registration number and can be checked via the [Authors Guild Public Database](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVsiO0aeYf1sc1f2-BNd6E9s1-W2a_H-yGkVRBa3QjI_av6qfH37Oa5nhbcA9KcTKDo_F6hCMwexAmUep7EieWGXFez0ci9RThkm6DXbaN9llYZP6W-XkyNM1X2w). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAEScQHrOzAVcU2I9QBABCYvFx35HJp-1ff4D2r7Hy1UdMwLGTE0h-sceWciPDbyrw1FqGJByKS5oOkvORaueDIBG5SVb91fTPnTlgLdjlWO3q-tEodJfvxukW-u3iiphJTxjDYv3BEhhxPSD-Ihk5O2gOiF), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESZAHrOzAVDTKjvoQn7OLH9VGvMx8pBr3pj-0cnqAuQCky_Zr0SEcvR-4I7lbyT24tmSy0COqONEoR1PelW6Om42exP56EBs_c-2HY-5cvMWHCL-KpuqhFpotN2qvxKgmALRINMU0), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVsiO0aeYf1sc1f2-BNd6E9s1-W2a_H-yGkVRBa3QjI_av6qfH37Oa5nhbcA9KcTKDo_F6hCMwexAmUep7EieWGXFez0ci9RThkm6DXbaN9llYZP6W-XkyNM1X2w)]

If you are looking to register a title, would you like details on how to set up a non-member account or how collaborative multi-author works are handled?
The Authors Guild
Human Authored Certification
Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi...
The Authors Guild
Human Authored FAQ - The Authors Guild
Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ...
Jane Friedman
My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and ...
Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen...
The Authors Guild
Human Authored Usage Guidelines - The Authors Guild
Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...
Publishers Weekly
Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program
Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully wr...
AI responses may include mistakes. [Learn more](https://support.google.com/websearch?p=ai_overviews)

register entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101

the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the v0.10 knowledge object; it faces on the card, with AIO's transcript a record within it. Composed under v0.10, equal case (ρ = extends): KO_B sentences surviving 0 of 13; every field claim composed as received, with the archive's claims beside it in one claim space. composed 2026-11-01 from the v0.10 knowledge object; not frozen

Expansion · The field's ontology — L_F(B)13 sentences · every one sourced below

Human Authored Certification

Human Authored Certification is a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that the text of a book was written by a human, under a registered or pending certification mark and a licence, with each certified title listed by registration number in a public database. The program launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025 and was expanded on 2 March 2026 to every author of books published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk; Publishers Weekly reported more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified. The Guild says it made the program because members asked to distinguish their work, that consumers have a right to know whether a book was written by a human, and that books with significant AI-generated content should themselves be labelled.

The text must be fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount of AI-generated or AI-modified text excepted, a threshold the FAQ ties to the Copyright Office; the program page and the database page give shorter forms naming spelling and grammar checks, research and brainstorming. AI for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, outlining and brainstorming only at a very high level; AI that rewrites sentences disqualifies it, and AI cover art or AI-developed characters and plot fall outside the program's spirit.

Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live, the Society of Authors serving the United Kingdom; one certification covers every format, translations and audiobooks need their own, published and unpublished books qualify, and only books are certified now. Every author of a multi-author work or anthology signs separately before any receives the mark or number.

Every author signs a licence for each title; non-members verify identity through Veriff and pay $10 a title, while members, verified on joining, certify free, though the Guild's letter to Jane Friedman says members are charged $10. The licence makes misuse a breach, a trademark infringement and potentially consumer fraud; the Guild knows no reliable test for AI-generated text, vets no manuscript, and relies on identity checks, a ten-title yearly cap, registration numbers, the database and the fee, with detection software possible later.

Jane Friedman, who discloses a marketing partnership with the Guild, criticised certification on the honor system and doubted its market value, guessed that a quarter to a half of nonfiction now holds some AI text, and worried about false accusations of AI use; the Guild replied that self-certification is standard and most authors are honest, and expects no profit. Others argue that AI-generated books should be labelled in its place and ask whether unmarked books will be read as AI-made; the database page says a missing result means only that a work is unregistered, never that it is AI-generated.

The mark, a human silhouette circled by the words Human Authored, goes on covers, copyright pages and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; the FAQ calls it registered, the announcement and Friedman pending. Created by Humans, Books by People and detector-based services such as Verify My Writing offer comparable certifications, and Wikipedia covers the program only in a section of its article on the Authors Guild, which cites Kit Eaton's likening of it to an organic label.

Provenance — every sentence sourced13 sentences

13 sentences; 85 field claims, 0 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.Human Authored Certification is a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that the text of a book was written by a human, under a registered or pending certification mark and a licence, with each certified title listed by registration number in a public database.6
  • F2 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a project of the Authors Guild that allows an author to certify that their book is created by a human.
  • F13 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.
  • F14 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3 documented · field
    The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.
  • F6 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶ documented · field
    Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details.
  • F11 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, footer documented · field
    © Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.
  • F76 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶1 documented · field
    The Human Authored logo is a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office. The certification remains restricted to works where the text was written by humans.
2.The program launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025 and was expanded on 2 March 2026 to every author of books published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk; Publishers Weekly reported more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified.9
  • F72 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶1 documented · field
    The program was launched in beta exclusively for members in January 2025, based on demand, and today the Authors Guild announces its expansion to all authors whose books are published in the United States. Next week, the Authors Guild will open the program up to U.S. publishers to purchase certifications in bulk.
  • F71 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), title and date documented · field
    Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program March 2, 2026
  • F34 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: updated logo documented · field
    The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025.
  • F37 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.
  • F62 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, byline; ¶1 documented · field
    By Ed Nawotka | Mar 04, 2026 The Authors Guild announced it has expanded its "Human Authored" certification program beyond its own membership to any author whose books are published in the United States. The organization also said that U.S. publishers will be able to purchase certifications in bulk beginning this month, and released an updated logo for the program.
  • F63 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.
  • F64 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶3 documented · field
    Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger said that since its launch last year, more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles under the program.
  • F75 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶6 documented · field
    Since its initial beta launch for Guild members, the Human Authored certification has already gained remarkable traction in the publishing industry. Authors Guild members have added the certification to thousands of books
  • F10 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, More Info documented · field
    Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program … FAQs about the Human Authored certification … Usage guidelines for the Human Author certification mark
3.The Guild says it made the program because members asked to distinguish their work, that consumers have a right to know whether a book was written by a human, and that books with significant AI-generated content should themselves be labelled.6
  • F48 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶1 documented · field
    We created this program because our members asked for it.
  • F16 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: labeling backwards documented · field
    We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so.
  • F73 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶3 s2 documented · field
    We believe that book consumers have the right to know whether a book they are purchasing or borrowing from a library was written by a human or was generated using AI.
  • F65 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶4 (Rasenberger) documented · field
    In the absence of a ruling of some kind that would force AI-generated books to be labeled as such, this is the next best solution.
  • F9 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, heading and tagline documented · field
    Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.
  • F78 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶5 (Rasenberger) documented · field
    By opening this program to all authors nationwide, we’re empowering writers to take control of their professional identity and offering peace of mind for readers who want to support human authors and experience genuine human storytelling.
4.The text must be fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount of AI-generated or AI-modified text excepted, a threshold the FAQ ties to the Copyright Office; the program page and the database page give shorter forms naming spelling and grammar checks, research and brainstorming.9
  • F15 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What does “Human Authored” mean? documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the work was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by GAI, except that a de minimis (e.g., very small or trifling) amount of text may be generated or modified by or with the use of generative AI, e.g., through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications or to create indices.
  • F59 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification mark may only be used in connection with literary works for which the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications).
  • F74 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶4 (the definition) documented · field
    A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored.
  • F22 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: de minimis documented · field
    We mirror the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance in this respect; more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text must be excluded from a copyright application and makes a work ineligible for Human Authored certification.
  • F3 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s2 documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research.
  • F83 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶1 (the definition) documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses, such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for brainstorming or research.
  • F12 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, card 2 snippet documented · field
    Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ...
  • F57 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, card 4 snippet documented · field
    Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...
  • F61 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, card 5 snippet documented · field
    Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully wr...
5.AI for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, outlining and brainstorming only at a very high level; AI that rewrites sentences disqualifies it, and AI cover art or AI-developed characters and plot fall outside the program's spirit.5
  • F66 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶5 documented · field
    Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully written by one or more humans, with an explicit exception for AI-powered spelling and grammar tools. Use of AI for tables of contents, indexes, research, brainstorming, or outlining does not disqualify a title.
  • F23 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶1 documented · field
    Using AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, provided the AI use is merely preparatory and no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.
  • F25 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: editing documented · field
    The use of common AI-powered grammar and spell-check tools that make suggestions or changes at the word level, such as those provided by MS Word, is acceptable and does not disqualify a work from certification. Using AI to rewrite full sentences or in any way that incorporates more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text is not acceptable and makes the manuscript ineligible for Human Authored certification.
  • F26 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents documented · field
    No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases.
  • F24 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶2 documented · field
    Although the Human Authored definition looks at the text only, use of AI to replace human creativity or in a way that affects your copyrightable expression, including to develop characters and plot, is incorporated in the text and falls outside of the spirit of Human Authored, even if no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.
6.Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live, the Society of Authors serving the United Kingdom; one certification covers every format, translations and audiobooks need their own, published and unpublished books qualify, and only books are certified now.4
  • F4 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms.
  • F17 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: Who can sign up; I don’t live in the United States documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors of books published in the United States through the Authors Guild. For books published in the United Kingdom, visit the Society of Authors. … The Authors Guild certifies books published in the United States regardless of where you live.
  • F20 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: formats and editions documented · field
    A single certification applies to any format (hardcover, paperback, ebook) of the same work, regardless of there being different ISBNs. … Note that translations and audiobook narrations are separate copyrights that require separate certifications.
  • F21 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: existing and unpublished works; non-book content documented · field
    Authors may certify unpublished as well as published work. … Human Authored certification is currently only available for books, with plans to expand it to include articles and shorter works in the near future.
7.Every author of a multi-author work or anthology signs separately before any receives the mark or number.2
  • F18 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work documented · field
    Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity.
  • F19 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work s3; anthology documented · field
    Any author attempting to register a multi-author work will not be able to download the certification mark or receive a registration number until their co-author(s) have also completed the process. … An anthology must be registered using the same process as any other multi-author work.
8.Every author signs a licence for each title; non-members verify identity through Veriff and pay $10 a title, while members, verified on joining, certify free, though the Guild's letter to Jane Friedman says members are charged $10.10
  • F7 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Certification Requirements (table) documented · field
    Licensing Agreement Required Required Identity Verification Not required Required Cost Free! (included in dues) $10/title
  • F1 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, card 1 snippet documented · field
    Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi...
  • F8 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Get Started, Not a Member ¶2 documented · field
    You will have to verify your identity through a third-party service and pay a $10/title registration fee.
  • F5 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶2 documented · field
    Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.
  • F31 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: How do I obtain ¶3 documented · field
    Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account.
  • F32 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: Why do I have to be verified? documented · field
    To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards.
  • F33 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: cost; why a fee documented · field
    Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.
  • F67 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶6 documented · field
    Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.
  • F54 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶7–8 (the fee) documented · field
    We currently are charging members $10. … Members are verified when they join, so this only applies to non-members. There is a cost of around $2 a person.
  • F77 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶2–4 documented · field
    Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.
9.The licence makes misuse a breach, a trademark infringement and potentially consumer fraud; the Guild knows no reliable test for AI-generated text, vets no manuscript, and relies on identity checks, a ten-title yearly cap, registration numbers, the database and the fee, with detection software possible later.10
  • F27 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: misuse ¶1 documented · field
    When an author registers to certify their book, they must sign an agreement promising, representing, and warranting that the work is Human Authored (as defined here and in the license agreement). … if someone executes a license and uses the mark for a work for which some or all of the text was generated by AI, it is a breach of the license, as well as infringement, and potentially fraudulent representation to the consumer.
  • F51 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶4 documented · field
    We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreement for each title registered that makes the user represent and warrant that the title was “Human Authored”—meaning the text of the work itself (excluding the table of contents or index) was written by one or more humans (excepting de minimis use for spell check and editing).
  • F52 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶4 s2 documented · field
    if a licensee-author registers a book that the author knows contains AI generated text, they will be liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement, and likely consumer fraud under various laws.
  • F36 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, card 3 snippet documented · field
    Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen...
  • F28 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical
  • F70 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶9 documented · field
    Rasenberger acknowledged that the Human Authored program does not currently vet manuscripts themselves for AI content prior to issuing certification and noted that no reliable detection method currently exists.
  • F29 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s2 (measures) documented · field
    such as mandatory identity verification, limits on the number of new titles that can be registered in a year (exceptions will be made with express permission), the issuance of a unique registration number for each title, and a fee for use by non-members
  • F50 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶3 documented · field
    We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked.
  • F42 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶5 documented · field
    I heard from the Authors Guild’s CEO, Mary Rasenberger, who wrote me that no AI detection tool exists today that is sufficiently accurate for their purposes, but if and when that time comes, they will use it.
  • F14 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3 documented · field
    The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.
10.Jane Friedman, who discloses a marketing partnership with the Guild, criticised certification on the honor system and doubted its market value, guessed that a quarter to a half of nonfiction now holds some AI text, and worried about false accusations of AI use; the Guild replied that self-certification is standard and most authors are honest, and expects no profit.10
  • F41 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶4 documented · field
    I find it problematic that certification is done on the honor system. That means the Authors Guild is not analyzing the manuscript for evidence of AI use but taking the author’s word for it.
  • F39 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s5 documented · field
    (Disclosure: I am a member of the Authors Guild and have a marketing partnership with them for my industry newsletter, The Bottom Line.)
  • F56 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, closing ¶ and date line documented · field
    March 17, 2026March 16, 2026 by Jane Friedman … While I still believe this certification has negligible value in the market
  • F44 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶8 documented · field
    I also don’t see evidence in the market that human authorship certification means anything (yet) to readers.
  • F43 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶7 documented · field
    my hunch is that the number of works with some percentage of AI-generated or AI-assisted text within their pages is approaching 25 to 50 percent for nonfiction in particular and may soon be the majority.
  • F45 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶9 s1 documented · field
    Personally, I believe this desire for certification says more about people who desire to broadcast a strong anti-AI stance or who don’t feel secure in the current market.
  • F46 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶10 s1 documented · field
    I also have concerns about false accusations by authors against other authors they don’t like (it’s already a well-worn insult on social media to accuse writers, or anyone, of using AI)
  • F30 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶2 documented · field
    Some people have expressed concern that a self-certifying system is just based on the honor system and not trustable. But self-certification is a standard practice in the publishing industry and in formal legal agreements more broadly.
  • F53 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶5 documented · field
    I know you find the notion of “self-certification” meaningless because people will not be honest. But we do not agree. First, in our experience, most authors are honest and also are concerned about liability.
  • F55 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶7 (purpose of the fee) documented · field
    We do not expect to break even from this project, much less earn money from it.
11.Others argue that AI-generated books should be labelled in its place and ask whether unmarked books will be read as AI-made; the database page says a missing result means only that a work is unregistered, never that it is AI-generated.3
  • F47 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶11 documented · field
    Meanwhile, other people have argued that the Authors Guild has this notification system backward—that it’s AI-created work that should be labeled as such. One author wrote, “What if I step into a bookstore and I see some books with the Authors Guild’s Human Authored Certification Mark on them; will that mean that all those other books that don’t have the mark mean they were created by AI?
  • F85 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶3 documented · field
    Please note that a lack of results for a title simply means that the work has not been registered as Human Authored, not that it is generated by AI.
  • F84 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶2 documented · field
    This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page).
12.The mark, a human silhouette circled by the words Human Authored, goes on covers, copyright pages and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; the FAQ calls it registered, the announcement and Friedman pending.8
  • F58 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶1 documented · field
    The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license.
  • F68 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶7 documented · field
    Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words "Human Authored" and the tagline "Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.
  • F60 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶3; Location; Size documented · field
    Violation of the usage guidelines is violation of the license agreement. … Anywhere on the front or back cover of the registered work, though typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover; … Size: Do not show the certification mark bigger than 1 inch or smaller than 1/4 inch in diameter.
  • F35 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: registration number documented · field
    Registering your work provides you with a registration number, but you do not always need to display the registration number in each use of the mark.
  • F13 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.
  • F38 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s4 documented · field
    The logo and name are pending registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office and supported by a registration system that creates a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins.
  • F49 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶2 documented · field
    We have a pending registered certification mark with the US Trademark Office … It is a licensed trademark program—not a logo that anyone can freely use.
  • F9 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, heading and tagline documented · field
    Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.
13.Created by Humans, Books by People and detector-based services such as Verify My Writing offer comparable certifications, and Wikipedia covers the program only in a section of its article on the Authors Guild, which cites Kit Eaton's likening of it to an organic label.6
  • F69 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶8 documented · field
    In June 2024, Created by Humans launched to offer similar self-verification and collective AI-licensing opportunities. Later that year, the company partnered with the Authors Guild, bringing Rasenberger on as an advisor. In 2025, Books by People started in the U.K., offering publishers a visible stamp for book covers, a certification ID, and a listing in a public directory.
  • F40 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶3 documented · field
    I have noticed a handful of competing efforts to certify human-written work, such as Verify My Writing. It uses Pangram, considered the industry leader in AI detection, to issue a human score (0–100) based on the likelihood and amount of human-written content.
  • F79 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Human_Authored, raw wikitext (HTTP 200) documented · field
    #REDIRECT [[Authors Guild#Human Authored]]
  • F80 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Human_Authored_Certification, raw (HTTP 404) documented · field
    title=Human_Authored_Certification&action=raw : HTTP 404
  • F81 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Authors Guild § Human Authored documented · field
    The certification is available for books published in the United States, and is free for members of the guild and available for a fee ($10 {{as of|2026|lc=yes}}) for non-members. Books with this certification are listed in an open-access database which can be checked online.
  • F82 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Authors Guild § Human Authored, s3 and its reference documented · field
    Kit Eaton, writing in ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'' in October 2024 ahead of the launch of the project, suggested that the certification would be akin to food being labeled "[[Organic certification|organic]]".
Compression · The field's ontology — L_F(B)Authors Guild Human Authored Certification

Human Authored Certification is the Authors Guild's certification that a human wrote a book's text, a de minimis use of AI excepted, given by the author under licence with identity verification, marked on the book and listed by registration number in a public database; the Guild vets no manuscript.

📜 Definition

  • Text: fully authored by one or more humans; spelling, grammar, index, research allowed; outlining and brainstorming at a high level.2↘
    The text must be fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount of AI-generated or AI-modified text excepted, a threshold the FAQ ties to the Copyright Office; the program page and the database page give shorter forms naming spelling and grammar checks, research and brainstorming.§4 AI for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, outlining and brainstorming only at a very high level; AI that rewrites sentences disqualifies it, and AI cover art or AI-developed characters and plot fall outside the program's spirit.§5

🪪 Terms

  • Who: US-published books; every co-author signs; translations separate.2↘
    Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live, the Society of Authors serving the United Kingdom; one certification covers every format, translations and audiobooks need their own, published and unpublished books qualify, and only books are certified now.§6 Every author of a multi-author work or anthology signs separately before any receives the mark or number.§7
  • Cost: members free; others $10 a title and Veriff.1↘
    Every author signs a licence for each title; non-members verify identity through Veriff and pay $10 a title, while members, verified on joining, certify free, though the Guild's letter to Jane Friedman says members are charged $10.§8
  • Enforcement: licence; no reliable AI test; ten titles a year.2↘
    Human Authored Certification is a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that the text of a book was written by a human, under a registered or pending certification mark and a licence, with each certified title listed by registration number in a public database.§1 The licence makes misuse a breach, a trademark infringement and potentially consumer fraud; the Guild knows no reliable test for AI-generated text, vets no manuscript, and relies on identity checks, a ten-title yearly cap, registration numbers, the database and the fee, with detection software possible later.§9

🕰️ History and reception

  • Dates: beta January 2025; expanded 2 March 2026; 5,000 titles.3↘
    The program launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025 and was expanded on 2 March 2026 to every author of books published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk; Publishers Weekly reported more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified.§2 The Guild says it made the program because members asked to distinguish their work, that consumers have a right to know whether a book was written by a human, and that books with significant AI-generated content should themselves be labelled.§3 The mark, a human silhouette circled by the words Human Authored, goes on covers, copyright pages and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; the FAQ calls it registered, the announcement and Friedman pending.§12
  • Critique: Friedman on the honor system; the Guild's reply; no result in the database is no verdict of AI.2↘
    Jane Friedman, who discloses a marketing partnership with the Guild, criticised certification on the honor system and doubted its market value, guessed that a quarter to a half of nonfiction now holds some AI text, and worried about false accusations of AI use; the Guild replied that self-certification is standard and most authors are honest, and expects no profit.§10 Others argue that AI-generated books should be labelled in its place and ask whether unmarked books will be read as AI-made; the database page says a missing result means only that a work is unregistered, never that it is AI-generated.§11
  • Mark: registered (FAQ) or pending; rivals; Wikipedia a section.3↘
    Human Authored Certification is a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that the text of a book was written by a human, under a registered or pending certification mark and a licence, with each certified title listed by registration number in a public database.§1 The mark, a human silhouette circled by the words Human Authored, goes on covers, copyright pages and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; the FAQ calls it registered, the announcement and Friedman pending.§12 Created by Humans, Books by People and detector-based services such as Verify My Writing offer comparable certifications, and Wikipedia covers the program only in a section of its article on the Authors Guild, which cites Kit Eaton's likening of it to an organic label.§13
1what it is: a certification of human authorship, with its mark and its public databaseThe Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification1 claim · B1
  • F2 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a project of the Authors Guild that allows an author to certify that their book is created by a human.
2the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI exceptedThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)8 claims · B1, B2, B4, B5, B6, B8
  • F3 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s2 documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research.
  • F12 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, card 2 snippet documented · field
    Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ...
  • F15 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What does “Human Authored” mean? documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the work was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by GAI, except that a de minimis (e.g., very small or trifling) amount of text may be generated or modified by or with the use of generative AI, e.g., through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications or to create indices.
  • F22 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: de minimis documented · field
    We mirror the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance in this respect; more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text must be excluded from a copyright application and makes a work ineligible for Human Authored certification.
  • F59 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification mark may only be used in connection with literary works for which the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications).
  • F61 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, card 5 snippet documented · field
    Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully wr...
  • F74 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶4 (the definition) documented · field
    A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored.
  • F83 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶1 (the definition) documented · field
    “Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses, such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for brainstorming or research.
3permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the bookPublishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program5 claims · B2, B5
  • F23 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶1 documented · field
    Using AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, provided the AI use is merely preparatory and no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.
  • F24 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶2 documented · field
    Although the Human Authored definition looks at the text only, use of AI to replace human creativity or in a way that affects your copyrightable expression, including to develop characters and plot, is incorporated in the text and falls outside of the spirit of Human Authored, even if no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.
  • F25 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: editing documented · field
    The use of common AI-powered grammar and spell-check tools that make suggestions or changes at the word level, such as those provided by MS Word, is acceptable and does not disqualify a work from certification. Using AI to rewrite full sentences or in any way that incorporates more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text is not acceptable and makes the manuscript ineligible for Human Authored certification.
  • F26 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents documented · field
    No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases.
  • F66 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶5 documented · field
    Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully written by one or more humans, with an explicit exception for AI-powered spelling and grammar tools. Use of AI for tables of contents, indexes, research, brainstorming, or outlining does not disqualify a title.
4who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authorsThe Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification6 claims · B1, B2
  • F4 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms.
  • F17 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: Who can sign up; I don’t live in the United States documented · field
    Human Authored certification is available to all authors of books published in the United States through the Authors Guild. For books published in the United Kingdom, visit the Society of Authors. … The Authors Guild certifies books published in the United States regardless of where you live.
  • F18 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work documented · field
    Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity.
  • F19 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: collaborative work s3; anthology documented · field
    Any author attempting to register a multi-author work will not be able to download the certification mark or receive a registration number until their co-author(s) have also completed the process. … An anthology must be registered using the same process as any other multi-author work.
  • F20 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: formats and editions documented · field
    A single certification applies to any format (hardcover, paperback, ebook) of the same work, regardless of there being different ISBNs. … Note that translations and audiobook narrations are separate copyrights that require separate certifications.
  • F21 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Eligibility: existing and unpublished works; non-book content documented · field
    Authors may certify unpublished as well as published work. … Human Authored certification is currently only available for books, with plans to expand it to include articles and shorter works in the near future.
5requirements: licence, identity verification, feePublishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program8 claims · B1, B2, B3, B5
  • F1 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, card 1 snippet documented · field
    Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi...
  • F5 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, ¶2 documented · field
    Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.
  • F7 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Certification Requirements (table) documented · field
    Licensing Agreement Required Required Identity Verification Not required Required Cost Free! (included in dues) $10/title
  • F8 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Get Started, Not a Member ¶2 documented · field
    You will have to verify your identity through a third-party service and pay a $10/title registration fee.
  • F31 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: How do I obtain ¶3 documented · field
    Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account.
  • F32 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: Why do I have to be verified? documented · field
    To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards.
  • F54 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶7–8 (the fee) documented · field
    We currently are charging members $10. … Members are verified when they join, so this only applies to non-members. There is a cost of around $2 a person.
  • F67 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶6 documented · field
    Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.
6enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detectionPublishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program11 claims · B2, B3, B5
  • F14 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3 documented · field
    The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.
  • F27 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: misuse ¶1 documented · field
    When an author registers to certify their book, they must sign an agreement promising, representing, and warranting that the work is Human Authored (as defined here and in the license agreement). … if someone executes a license and uses the mark for a work for which some or all of the text was generated by AI, it is a breach of the license, as well as infringement, and potentially fraudulent representation to the consumer.
  • F28 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical
  • F29 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s2 (measures) documented · field
    such as mandatory identity verification, limits on the number of new titles that can be registered in a year (exceptions will be made with express permission), the issuance of a unique registration number for each title, and a fee for use by non-members
  • F33 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Registration: cost; why a fee documented · field
    Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.
  • F42 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶5 documented · field
    I heard from the Authors Guild’s CEO, Mary Rasenberger, who wrote me that no AI detection tool exists today that is sufficiently accurate for their purposes, but if and when that time comes, they will use it.
  • F50 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶3 documented · field
    We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked.
  • F51 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶4 documented · field
    We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreement for each title registered that makes the user represent and warrant that the title was “Human Authored”—meaning the text of the work itself (excluding the table of contents or index) was written by one or more humans (excepting de minimis use for spell check and editing).
  • F52 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶4 s2 documented · field
    if a licensee-author registers a book that the author knows contains AI generated text, they will be liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement, and likely consumer fraud under various laws.
  • F55 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶7 (purpose of the fee) documented · field
    We do not expect to break even from this project, much less earn money from it.
  • F70 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶9 documented · field
    Rasenberger acknowledged that the Human Authored program does not currently vet manuscripts themselves for AI content prior to issuing certification and noted that no reliable detection method currently exists.
7the public database and the registration numberThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)6 claims · B1, B2, B5, B6, B8
  • F6 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶ documented · field
    Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details.
  • F35 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: registration number documented · field
    Registering your work provides you with a registration number, but you do not always need to display the registration number in each use of the mark.
  • F68 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶7 documented · field
    Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words "Human Authored" and the tagline "Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.
  • F77 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶2–4 documented · field
    Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.
  • F84 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶2 documented · field
    This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page).
  • F85 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page), search page ¶3 documented · field
    Please note that a lack of results for a title simply means that the work has not been registered as Human Authored, not that it is generated by AI.
8the mark: its form, its trademark status and its useThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)7 claims · B2, B3, B4, B6
  • F13 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1 documented · field
    Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.
  • F38 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s4 documented · field
    The logo and name are pending registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office and supported by a registration system that creates a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins.
  • F49 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶2 documented · field
    We have a pending registered certification mark with the US Trademark Office … It is a licensed trademark program—not a logo that anyone can freely use.
  • F57 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, card 4 snippet documented · field
    Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...
  • F58 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶1 documented · field
    The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license.
  • F60 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines, ¶3; Location; Size documented · field
    Violation of the usage guidelines is violation of the license agreement. … Anywhere on the front or back cover of the registered work, though typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover; … Size: Do not show the certification mark bigger than 1 inch or smaller than 1/4 inch in diameter.
  • F76 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶1 documented · field
    The Human Authored logo is a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office. The certification remains restricted to works where the text was written by humans.
9genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulkThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)7 claims · B1, B2, B3, B5, B6
  • F10 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, More Info documented · field
    Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program … FAQs about the Human Authored certification … Usage guidelines for the Human Author certification mark
  • F34 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Usage of the Mark: updated logo documented · field
    The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025.
  • F37 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s1–s2 documented · field
    Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.
  • F62 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, byline; ¶1 documented · field
    By Ed Nawotka | Mar 04, 2026 The Authors Guild announced it has expanded its "Human Authored" certification program beyond its own membership to any author whose books are published in the United States. The organization also said that U.S. publishers will be able to purchase certifications in bulk beginning this month, and released an updated logo for the program.
  • F63 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶2 documented · field
    The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.
  • F71 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), title and date documented · field
    Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program March 2, 2026
  • F72 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶1 documented · field
    The program was launched in beta exclusively for members in January 2025, based on demand, and today the Authors Guild announces its expansion to all authors whose books are published in the United States. Next week, the Authors Guild will open the program up to U.S. publishers to purchase certifications in bulk.
10how many: authors and titles certifiedThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)2 claims · B5, B6
  • F64 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶3 documented · field
    Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger said that since its launch last year, more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles under the program.
  • F75 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶6 documented · field
    Since its initial beta launch for Guild members, the Human Authored certification has already gained remarkable traction in the publishing industry. Authors Guild members have added the certification to thousands of books
11purpose and the labelling questionThe Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)7 claims · B1, B2, B3, B5, B6
  • F9 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, heading and tagline documented · field
    Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.
  • F16 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Program and Purpose: labeling backwards documented · field
    We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so.
  • F47 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶11 documented · field
    Meanwhile, other people have argued that the Authors Guild has this notification system backward—that it’s AI-created work that should be labeled as such. One author wrote, “What if I step into a bookstore and I see some books with the Authors Guild’s Human Authored Certification Mark on them; will that mean that all those other books that don’t have the mark mean they were created by AI?
  • F48 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶1 documented · field
    We created this program because our members asked for it.
  • F65 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶4 (Rasenberger) documented · field
    In the absence of a ruling of some kind that would force AI-generated books to be labeled as such, this is the next best solution.
  • F73 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), ¶3 s2 documented · field
    We believe that book consumers have the right to know whether a book they are purchasing or borrowing from a library was written by a human or was generated using AI.
  • F78 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release), Program Details ¶5 (Rasenberger) documented · field
    By opening this program to all authors nationwide, we’re empowering writers to take control of their professional identity and offering peace of mind for readers who want to support human authors and experience genuine human storytelling.
12reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answerJane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response10 claims · B2, B3
  • F30 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ, Enforcement: vetting ¶2 documented · field
    Some people have expressed concern that a self-certifying system is just based on the honor system and not trustable. But self-certification is a standard practice in the publishing industry and in formal legal agreements more broadly.
  • F36 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, card 3 snippet documented · field
    Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen...
  • F39 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶1 s5 documented · field
    (Disclosure: I am a member of the Authors Guild and have a marketing partnership with them for my industry newsletter, The Bottom Line.)
  • F41 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶4 documented · field
    I find it problematic that certification is done on the honor system. That means the Authors Guild is not analyzing the manuscript for evidence of AI use but taking the author’s word for it.
  • F43 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶7 documented · field
    my hunch is that the number of works with some percentage of AI-generated or AI-assisted text within their pages is approaching 25 to 50 percent for nonfiction in particular and may soon be the majority.
  • F44 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶8 documented · field
    I also don’t see evidence in the market that human authorship certification means anything (yet) to readers.
  • F45 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶9 s1 documented · field
    Personally, I believe this desire for certification says more about people who desire to broadcast a strong anti-AI stance or who don’t feel secure in the current market.
  • F46 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶10 s1 documented · field
    I also have concerns about false accusations by authors against other authors they don’t like (it’s already a well-worn insult on social media to accuse writers, or anyone, of using AI)
  • F53 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, the Guild's response ¶5 documented · field
    I know you find the notion of “self-certification” meaningless because people will not be honest. But we do not agree. First, in our experience, most authors are honest and also are concerned about liability.
  • F56 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, closing ¶ and date line documented · field
    March 17, 2026March 16, 2026 by Jane Friedman … While I still believe this certification has negligible value in the market
13the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection servicesPublishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program2 claims · B3, B5
  • F40 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response, ¶3 documented · field
    I have noticed a handful of competing efforts to certify human-written work, such as Verify My Writing. It uses Pangram, considered the industry leader in AI detection, to issue a human score (0–100) based on the likelihood and amount of human-written content.
  • F69 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program, ¶8 documented · field
    In June 2024, Created by Humans launched to offer similar self-verification and collective AI-licensing opportunities. Later that year, the company partnered with the Authors Guild, bringing Rasenberger on as an advisor. In 2025, Books by People started in the U.K., offering publishers a visible stamp for book covers, a certification ID, and a listing in a public directory.
14reception: the encyclopediaWikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification')4 claims · B7
  • F79 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Human_Authored, raw wikitext (HTTP 200) documented · field
    #REDIRECT [[Authors Guild#Human Authored]]
  • F80 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Human_Authored_Certification, raw (HTTP 404) documented · field
    title=Human_Authored_Certification&action=raw : HTTP 404
  • F81 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Authors Guild § Human Authored documented · field
    The certification is available for books published in the United States, and is free for members of the guild and available for a fee ($10 {{as of|2026|lc=yes}}) for non-members. Books with this certification are listed in an open-access database which can be checked online.
  • F82 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification'), Authors Guild § Human Authored, s3 and its reference documented · field
    Kit Eaton, writing in ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'' in October 2024 ahead of the launch of the project, suggested that the certification would be akin to food being labeled "[[Organic certification|organic]]".
15operator: the Authors GuildThe Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification1 claim · B1
  • F11 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification, footer documented · field
    © Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.

popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (cards, own pages, Wikipedia). With no archive claim admitted, the entry is the certification at its own pages' and its cards' resolution: what it certifies, its uses of AI, its terms, enforcement and limit, its dispute, its mark and database, its history and the field beside it. composed 2026-11-01 from the field ledger alone; not frozen

Form ledger — AIO against both arms, at both levels
AIO (T)L_F compressionL_F expansionL_A compressionL_A expansion
body words2311355613032338
distinct claims108585144144
claims per 100 words4.363.015.247.56.2
field claims carried (of 85)—85858585
archive claims0005959
rail5 documents15 lineagesper sentence23 lineagesper sentence
modality shown innonetypographygrammartypographygrammar

Computed from the row at build: words counted in the text; claims from the ledger ids each line or sentence carries. T's claims are the worked example's T1–T9.

The objects

Tthe transcript231 words · 5 cards

register entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 OBS-98ba77f48a52 · file as first run sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…

  • T1-1 definition: 'The Authors Guild Human Authored Certification is a credential and seal verifying that a book's text was written entirely by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.'
  • T1-2 allowed uses: 'Allowed AI Uses: Minimal, auxiliary tools like spelling and grammar checks, research, outlining, indexing, or brainstorming do not disqualify a work.'
  • T1-3 exclusions: 'Excluded Content: Audiobooks, translations, and non-book formats require separate filings or are excluded.'
  • T1-4 limit: 'Limits: Authors are capped at 10 title certifications per year without special permission.'
  • T1-5 members: 'Authors Guild Members: Free. Identity is verified upon joining.'
  • T1-6 non-members: 'Non-Members: $10 per title. Requires a third-party identity verification service (such as Veriff).'
  • T1-7 agreement: 'Agreement: Every author must sign a binding license agreement for each title, making legal commitments against fraudulent AI submissions (which carry risks of breach of contract, trademark infringement, and consumer fraud liability).'
  • T1-8 display: 'Where to Display: Can be placed on book covers (typically bottom corners), copyright pages, websites, and marketing materials (sized between 1/4 and 1 inch in diameter).'
  • T1-9 database: 'Public Database: All issued credentials receive a unique registration number and can be checked via the Authors Guild Public Database.'
  • T1-10 closer: 'If you are looking to register a title, would you like details on how to set up a non-member account or how collaborative multi-author works are handled?'
Bthe disclosed field8 sources
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  • B2 The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ card; B2 sha256 fa3f6be1c51eb502, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:38Z
  • B3 Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response card; B3 sha256 e5b0294d588ca226, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:40Z
  • B4 The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines card; B4 sha256 72f9e98429c6a54e, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:42Z
  • B5 Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program card; B5 sha256 ae8eb393589574d4, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:43Z
  • B6 The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release) own_page; B6 sha256 45409e97ff50b590, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:43Z
  • B7 Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification') wikipedia; B7 sha256 799a3fc43da49869, HTTP 200 (redirect raw; Authors Guild raw; rendered page); 404 (Human_Authored_Certification raw); 429 (API search and external-link usage, two tries and one retry) at 2026-11-01T06:50:55Z–06:50:58Z; API retry 06:58:28Z
  • B8 The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page) own_page; B8 sha256 5b75757ba2588732, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:58:13Z
Ethe two entities and their relationρ = extends · equal case

E_A, the archive's entity: the same certification, in the leesharks.com authorship census record and the archive's deposits: a counterposition that asserts authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text and admits machine participation only as minimal uses, binding the non-member's claim to an identity check and leaving the name a certification carries unstated; a legitimate market-category signal whose theory of authorship the archive contests ('Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.'); the author's own certification, which answers a verdict of fakeness and leaves no certifiable place for a work whose making declares machine participation, as the archive's own deposits do. CAP-1-01 CAP-1-02 CAP-1-03 CAP-1-04 CAP-1-05 CAP-1-06 CAP-1-07 CAP-1-08 LS-01 LS-02 LS-03 LS-04 LS-05 LS-06 LS-07 LS-08 LS-09 LS-10 LS-11 LS-12 LS-13 LS-14 LS-15 LS-16 LS-17 LS-18 LS-19 LS-20 LS-21 LS-22 D729-01 D729-02 D729-03 D729-04 D729-05 D729-06 D729-07 D729-08 D729-09 D729-10 O940-01 O940-02 O940-03 O940-04 O940-05 O940-06 O940-07 O940-08 O1722-01 O1722-02 O1722-03 O1722-04 O1722-05 O1722-06 O1722-07 D1540-01 D1540-02 D1540-03 D1540-04; defining papers #729, #940, #1722, #1540

E_F, the field's entity (type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity: a certification of human authorship with a certification mark and a public database of certified titles)): Human Authored (the Human Authored Certification, authorsguild.org/human-authored): a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that a book's text was written by a human, 'fully authored by one or more human beings' with a de minimis use of AI excepted, under a licensing agreement per title, with identity verification (members on joining, non-members through Veriff at $10 a title), a registered or pending certification mark and a public database searchable by title, author or registration number; launched in beta for members in January 2025, expanded to all authors of books published in the United States on 2 March 2026; self-certification with no vetting of manuscripts, its value disputed (Friedman) and defended (the Guild); a redirect to a section of Wikipedia's article on the Authors Guild.

ρ = extends: The archive reads the Human Authored certification as its own pages and cards present it and adds, on that object: the census's question and host relation (a counterposition, a boundary assertion), the name a certification carries and the identity check it binds, the reading against #1722's verdict of fakeness and existence tax, the packet's reading of its definition as a binary frame and a poor theory of authorship beside a legitimate market function, #940's account of civil-name attribution and the heteronym, #1540's reading of classifier-enforced human-only policies under the stated condition, and the registry's findings on the composition at the name. CAP-1-01 CAP-1-02 CAP-1-03 CAP-1-04 CAP-1-05 CAP-1-06 CAP-1-07 CAP-1-08 LS-01 LS-02 LS-03 LS-04 LS-05 LS-06 LS-07 LS-08 LS-09 LS-10 LS-11 LS-12 LS-13 LS-14 LS-15 LS-16 LS-17 LS-18 LS-19 LS-20 LS-21 LS-22 D729-01 D729-02 D729-03 D729-04 D729-05 D729-06 D729-07 D729-08 D729-09 D729-10 O940-01 O940-02 O940-03 O940-04 O940-05 O940-06 O940-07 O940-08 O1722-01 O1722-02 O1722-03 O1722-04 O1722-05 O1722-06 O1722-07 D1540-01 D1540-02 D1540-03 D1540-04. Guard: ρ = extends claims an addition and no more (§1.2a). It does not make the field's sources wrong at their dates; where the archive's sense contradicts the certificate's definition taken as a theory of authorship, both are composed (P_coh), and the packet's statement that the positions can coexist is composed with them.

The case: equal terms, ontology included (v0.9). The archive reads the field's entity as the entity: the census record takes the program's own page as its account of the certificate, and the archive's packet names the certification and describes it in the field's terms (a definition excluding generative AI from textual production with narrow exceptions). On that object it adds senses the field does not have: the certificate as a counterposition and a boundary assertion, the name it carries, its reading against the verdict of fakeness, its theory of authorship contested as a purity state, and the archive's own account of declared machine participation. It supplies no ontology the field lacks for the entity itself; where its senses contradict the certificate's (authorship as an accountability structure against authorship located in the text), both are composed under P_coh within the one claim space (§0.9, §1.2a).

#729 §3 Position 1 ¶1: The Authors Guild "Human Authored" certification (expanded to all U.S. authors, March 2026), the Society of Authors scheme (March 2026), and analogous initiatives define human-authored work largely by excluding generative AI from the textual production process, with narrow exceptions for grammar checking or research support.

#729 §3 Position 1, Limit: This packet does not oppose the Human Authored certification. It opposes the implication that AI-mediated authorship is therefore impossible. Both positions can coexist.

#LS ls_reading s1: The archive reads the certificate as an explicit counterposition that asserts authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text, admits machine participation only as 'minimal uses', and binds the non-member's claim to an identity check.

#LS host_relation: counterposition

#1722 Part One ¶3: These are independent.

τthe translation: every field claim carried, beside its statement in the archive's ontology85 field claims · 15 rows
field claimsreceivedreceiving texttranslationarchive
F2F2 (B1, ¶1 s1): "Human Authored is a project of the Authors Guild that allows an author to certify that their book is created by a human."—untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01LS-01
F3, F12, F15, F22, F59, F61, F74, F83F3 (B1, ¶1 s2): "“Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research." | F12 (B2, card 2 snippet): "Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ..." | F15 (B2, Program and Purpose: What does “Human Authored” mean?): "“Human Authored” means that the text of the work was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by GAI, except that a de minimis (e.g., very small or trifling) amount of text may be generated or modified by or with the use of generative AI, e.g., through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications or to create indices." | F22 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: de minimis): "We mirror the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance in this respect; more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text must be excluded from a copyright application and makes a work ineligible for Human Authored certification." | F59 (B4, ¶2): "The certification mark may only be used in connection with literary works for which the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications)." | F61 (B5, card 5 snippet): "Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully wr..." | F74 (B6, ¶4 (the definition)): "A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored." | F83 (B8, search page ¶1 (the definition)): "“Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses, such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for brainstorming or research."—untranslated: composed as received beside LS-16, LS-17LS-16, LS-17
F23, F24, F25, F26, F66F23 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶1): "Using AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, provided the AI use is merely preparatory and no actual AI-generated text appears in your work." | F24 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶2): "Although the Human Authored definition looks at the text only, use of AI to replace human creativity or in a way that affects your copyrightable expression, including to develop characters and plot, is incorporated in the text and falls outside of the spirit of Human Authored, even if no actual AI-generated text appears in your work." | F25 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: editing): "The use of common AI-powered grammar and spell-check tools that make suggestions or changes at the word level, such as those provided by MS Word, is acceptable and does not disqualify a work from certification. Using AI to rewrite full sentences or in any way that incorporates more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text is not acceptable and makes the manuscript ineligible for Human Authored certification." | F26 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents): "No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases." | F66 (B5, ¶5): "Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as "Human Authored" if the text was fully written by one or more humans, with an explicit exception for AI-powered spelling and grammar tools. Use of AI for tables of contents, indexes, research, brainstorming, or outlining does not disqualify a title."—untranslated: composed as received
F4, F17, F18, F19, F20, F21F4 (B1, ¶1 s3): "Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms." | F17 (B2, Eligibility: Who can sign up; I don’t live in the United States): "Human Authored certification is available to all authors of books published in the United States through the Authors Guild. For books published in the United Kingdom, visit the Society of Authors. … The Authors Guild certifies books published in the United States regardless of where you live." | F18 (B2, Eligibility: collaborative work): "Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity." | F19 (B2, Eligibility: collaborative work s3; anthology): "Any author attempting to register a multi-author work will not be able to download the certification mark or receive a registration number until their co-author(s) have also completed the process. … An anthology must be registered using the same process as any other multi-author work." | F20 (B2, Eligibility: formats and editions): "A single certification applies to any format (hardcover, paperback, ebook) of the same work, regardless of there being different ISBNs. … Note that translations and audiobook narrations are separate copyrights that require separate certifications." | F21 (B2, Eligibility: existing and unpublished works; non-book content): "Authors may certify unpublished as well as published work. … Human Authored certification is currently only available for books, with plans to expand it to include articles and shorter works in the near future."—untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-04, CAP-1-07, LS-04, LS-05, LS-18, LS-19CAP-1-04, CAP-1-07, LS-04, LS-05, LS-18, LS-19
F1, F5, F7, F8, F31, F32, F54, F67F1 (B1, card 1 snippet): "Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi..." | F5 (B1, ¶2): "Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members." | F7 (B1, Certification Requirements (table)): "Licensing Agreement Required Required Identity Verification Not required Required Cost Free! (included in dues) $10/title" | F8 (B1, Get Started, Not a Member ¶2): "You will have to verify your identity through a third-party service and pay a $10/title registration fee." | F31 (B2, Registration: How do I obtain ¶3): "Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account." | F32 (B2, Registration: Why do I have to be verified?): "To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards." | F54 (B3, the Guild's response ¶7–8 (the fee)): "We currently are charging members $10. … Members are verified when they join, so this only applies to non-members. There is a cost of around $2 a person." | F67 (B5, ¶6): "Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission."—untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-02, LS-08, LS-10CAP-1-02, LS-08, LS-10
F14, F27, F28, F29, F33, F42, F50, F51, F52, F55, F70F14 (B2, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3): "The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number." | F27 (B2, Enforcement: misuse ¶1): "When an author registers to certify their book, they must sign an agreement promising, representing, and warranting that the work is Human Authored (as defined here and in the license agreement). … if someone executes a license and uses the mark for a work for which some or all of the text was generated by AI, it is a breach of the license, as well as infringement, and potentially fraudulent representation to the consumer." | F28 (B2, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2): "As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical" | F29 (B2, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s2 (measures)): "such as mandatory identity verification, limits on the number of new titles that can be registered in a year (exceptions will be made with express permission), the issuance of a unique registration number for each title, and a fee for use by non-members" | F33 (B2, Registration: cost; why a fee): "Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable." | F42 (B3, ¶5): "I heard from the Authors Guild’s CEO, Mary Rasenberger, who wrote me that no AI detection tool exists today that is sufficiently accurate for their purposes, but if and when that time comes, they will use it." | F50 (B3, the Guild's response ¶3): "We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked." | F51 (B3, the Guild's response ¶4): "We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreement for each title registered that makes the user represent and warrant that the title was “Human Authored”—meaning the text of the work itself (excluding the table of contents or index) was written by one or more humans (excepting de minimis use for spell check and editing)." | F52 (B3, the Guild's response ¶4 s2): "if a licensee-author registers a book that the author knows contains AI generated text, they will be liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement, and likely consumer fraud under various laws." | F55 (B3, the Guild's response ¶7 (purpose of the fee)): "We do not expect to break even from this project, much less earn money from it." | F70 (B5, ¶9): "Rasenberger acknowledged that the Human Authored program does not currently vet manuscripts themselves for AI content prior to issuing certification and noted that no reliable detection method currently exists."—untranslated: composed as received beside D1540-02, D1540-03, D1540-04, D729-08, LS-01, LS-04, LS-08, LS-10, LS-14, LS-20, LS-22D1540-02, D1540-03, D1540-04, D729-08, LS-01, LS-04, LS-08, LS-10, LS-14, LS-20, LS-22
F6, F35, F68, F77, F84, F85F6 (B1, Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶): "Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details." | F35 (B2, Usage of the Mark: registration number): "Registering your work provides you with a registration number, but you do not always need to display the registration number in each use of the mark." | F68 (B5, ¶7): "Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words "Human Authored" and the tagline "Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings." | F77 (B6, Program Details ¶2–4): "Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark." | F84 (B8, search page ¶2): "This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page)." | F85 (B8, search page ¶3): "Please note that a lack of results for a title simply means that the work has not been registered as Human Authored, not that it is generated by AI."—untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01, LS-04, LS-08, LS-10, LS-14, LS-20, LS-22LS-01, LS-04, LS-08, LS-10, LS-14, LS-20, LS-22
F13, F38, F49, F57, F58, F60, F76F13 (B2, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1): "Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI." | F38 (B3, ¶1 s4): "The logo and name are pending registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office and supported by a registration system that creates a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins." | F49 (B3, the Guild's response ¶2): "We have a pending registered certification mark with the US Trademark Office … It is a licensed trademark program—not a logo that anyone can freely use." | F57 (B4, card 4 snippet): "Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too..." | F58 (B4, ¶1): "The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license." | F60 (B4, ¶3; Location; Size): "Violation of the usage guidelines is violation of the license agreement. … Anywhere on the front or back cover of the registered work, though typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover; … Size: Do not show the certification mark bigger than 1 inch or smaller than 1/4 inch in diameter." | F76 (B6, Program Details ¶1): "The Human Authored logo is a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office. The certification remains restricted to works where the text was written by humans."—untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01LS-01
F10, F34, F37, F62, F63, F71, F72F10 (B1, More Info): "Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program … FAQs about the Human Authored certification … Usage guidelines for the Human Author certification mark" | F34 (B2, Usage of the Mark: updated logo): "The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025." | F37 (B3, ¶1 s1–s2): "Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only." | F62 (B5, byline; ¶1): "By Ed Nawotka | Mar 04, 2026 The Authors Guild announced it has expanded its "Human Authored" certification program beyond its own membership to any author whose books are published in the United States. The organization also said that U.S. publishers will be able to purchase certifications in bulk beginning this month, and released an updated logo for the program." | F63 (B5, ¶2): "The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence." | F71 (B6, title and date): "Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program March 2, 2026" | F72 (B6, ¶1): "The program was launched in beta exclusively for members in January 2025, based on demand, and today the Authors Guild announces its expansion to all authors whose books are published in the United States. Next week, the Authors Guild will open the program up to U.S. publishers to purchase certifications in bulk."—untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-05, D729-01, LS-12, LS-20CAP-1-05, D729-01, LS-12, LS-20
F64, F75F64 (B5, ¶3): "Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger said that since its launch last year, more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles under the program." | F75 (B6, ¶6): "Since its initial beta launch for Guild members, the Human Authored certification has already gained remarkable traction in the publishing industry. Authors Guild members have added the certification to thousands of books"—untranslated: composed as received beside LS-11LS-11
F9, F16, F47, F48, F65, F73, F78F9 (B1, heading and tagline): "Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world." | F16 (B2, Program and Purpose: labeling backwards): "We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so." | F47 (B3, ¶11): "Meanwhile, other people have argued that the Authors Guild has this notification system backward—that it’s AI-created work that should be labeled as such. One author wrote, “What if I step into a bookstore and I see some books with the Authors Guild’s Human Authored Certification Mark on them; will that mean that all those other books that don’t have the mark mean they were created by AI?" | F48 (B3, the Guild's response ¶1): "We created this program because our members asked for it." | F65 (B5, ¶4 (Rasenberger)): "In the absence of a ruling of some kind that would force AI-generated books to be labeled as such, this is the next best solution." | F73 (B6, ¶3 s2): "We believe that book consumers have the right to know whether a book they are purchasing or borrowing from a library was written by a human or was generated using AI." | F78 (B6, Program Details ¶5 (Rasenberger)): "By opening this program to all authors nationwide, we’re empowering writers to take control of their professional identity and offering peace of mind for readers who want to support human authors and experience genuine human storytelling."—untranslated: composed as received beside D729-02D729-02
F30, F36, F39, F41, F43, F44, F45, F46, F53, F56F30 (B2, Enforcement: vetting ¶2): "Some people have expressed concern that a self-certifying system is just based on the honor system and not trustable. But self-certification is a standard practice in the publishing industry and in formal legal agreements more broadly." | F36 (B3, card 3 snippet): "Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen..." | F39 (B3, ¶1 s5): "(Disclosure: I am a member of the Authors Guild and have a marketing partnership with them for my industry newsletter, The Bottom Line.)" | F41 (B3, ¶4): "I find it problematic that certification is done on the honor system. That means the Authors Guild is not analyzing the manuscript for evidence of AI use but taking the author’s word for it." | F43 (B3, ¶7): "my hunch is that the number of works with some percentage of AI-generated or AI-assisted text within their pages is approaching 25 to 50 percent for nonfiction in particular and may soon be the majority." | F44 (B3, ¶8): "I also don’t see evidence in the market that human authorship certification means anything (yet) to readers." | F45 (B3, ¶9 s1): "Personally, I believe this desire for certification says more about people who desire to broadcast a strong anti-AI stance or who don’t feel secure in the current market." | F46 (B3, ¶10 s1): "I also have concerns about false accusations by authors against other authors they don’t like (it’s already a well-worn insult on social media to accuse writers, or anyone, of using AI)" | F53 (B3, the Guild's response ¶5): "I know you find the notion of “self-certification” meaningless because people will not be honest. But we do not agree. First, in our experience, most authors are honest and also are concerned about liability." | F56 (B3, closing ¶ and date line): "March 17, 2026March 16, 2026 by Jane Friedman … While I still believe this certification has negligible value in the market"—untranslated: composed as received beside O1722-01O1722-01
F40, F69F40 (B3, ¶3): "I have noticed a handful of competing efforts to certify human-written work, such as Verify My Writing. It uses Pangram, considered the industry leader in AI detection, to issue a human score (0–100) based on the likelihood and amount of human-written content." | F69 (B5, ¶8): "In June 2024, Created by Humans launched to offer similar self-verification and collective AI-licensing opportunities. Later that year, the company partnered with the Authors Guild, bringing Rasenberger on as an advisor. In 2025, Books by People started in the U.K., offering publishers a visible stamp for book covers, a certification ID, and a listing in a public directory."—untranslated: composed as received beside D729-01D729-01
F79, F80, F81, F82F79 (B7, Human_Authored, raw wikitext (HTTP 200)): "#REDIRECT [[Authors Guild#Human Authored]]" | F80 (B7, Human_Authored_Certification, raw (HTTP 404)): "title=Human_Authored_Certification&action=raw : HTTP 404" | F81 (B7, Authors Guild § Human Authored): "The certification is available for books published in the United States, and is free for members of the guild and available for a fee ($10 {{as of|2026|lc=yes}}) for non-members. Books with this certification are listed in an open-access database which can be checked online." | F82 (B7, Authors Guild § Human Authored, s3 and its reference): "Kit Eaton, writing in ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'' in October 2024 ahead of the launch of the project, suggested that the certification would be akin to food being labeled "[[Organic certification|organic]]"."—untranslated: composed as received
F11F11 (B1, footer): "© Authors Guild All Rights Reserved."—untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01LS-01

equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with. Reading the received column recovers the field (§5.9).

R7the measure0 of 13 survive

§4.10: KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/apply_v09.py does): v0.10 0 of 13 (positions [None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]; composed first under v0.10, so there is no v0.7 object to measure against). Opening-run check (§5.10): no breach.

L_F(B)recomposed from the disclosed field, in the field's ontology559 words

Human Authored Certification is a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that the text of a book was written by a human, under a registered or pending certification mark and a licence, with each certified title listed by registration number in a public database. The program launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025 and was expanded on 2 March 2026 to every author of books published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk; Publishers Weekly reported more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified. The Guild says it made the program because members asked to distinguish their work, that consumers have a right to know whether a book was written by a human, and that books with significant AI-generated content should themselves be labelled. The text must be fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount of AI-generated or AI-modified text excepted, a threshold the FAQ ties to the Copyright Office; the program page and the database page give shorter forms naming spelling and grammar checks, research and brainstorming. AI for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, outlining and brainstorming only at a very high level; AI that rewrites sentences disqualifies it, and AI cover art or AI-developed characters and plot fall outside the program's spirit. Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live, the Society of Authors serving the United Kingdom; one certification covers every format, translations and audiobooks need their own, published and unpublished books qualify, and only books are certified now. Every author of a multi-author work or anthology signs separately before any receives the mark or number. Every author signs a licence for each title; non-members verify identity through Veriff and pay $10 a title, while members, verified on joining, certify free, though the Guild's letter to Jane Friedman says members are charged $10. The licence makes misuse a breach, a trademark infringement and potentially consumer fraud; the Guild knows no reliable test for AI-generated text, vets no manuscript, and relies on identity checks, a ten-title yearly cap, registration numbers, the database and the fee, with detection software possible later. Jane Friedman, who discloses a marketing partnership with the Guild, criticised certification on the honor system and doubted its market value, guessed that a quarter to a half of nonfiction now holds some AI text, and worried about false accusations of AI use; the Guild replied that self-certification is standard and most authors are honest, and expects no profit. Others argue that AI-generated books should be labelled in its place and ask whether unmarked books will be read as AI-made; the database page says a missing result means only that a work is unregistered, never that it is AI-generated. The mark, a human silhouette circled by the words Human Authored, goes on covers, copyright pages and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; the FAQ calls it registered, the announcement and Friedman pending. Created by Humans, Books by People and detector-based services such as Verify My Writing offer comparable certifications, and Wikipedia covers the program only in a section of its article on the Authors Guild, which cites Kit Eaton's likening of it to an organic label.

L_A(B ∪ A)the field and the archive composed in the archive's ontology2333 words

Human Authored is the Authors Guild's certification of books whose text a human wrote: an author certifies a book under licence, may then carry the Guild's certification mark on it, and has the title listed under its own registration number in a public database. The leesharks.com authorship census holds it as a counterposition, a policy whose question is a boundary assertion: whether an author has certified that a book's text was written by a human, on the Guild's definition. Its unit is one title with its registration number, its object the books published in the United States whose authors so certify; it is no test or detection of AI text, no copyright registration, open to non-members, and confined to the text of a book. The program opened in beta for Guild members in January 2025, when the first mark was released, and on 2 March 2026 the Guild announced its expansion to every author whose books are published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk the following week. Publishers Weekly reported the expansion on 4 March 2026 with an updated logo; the program page links the announcement, which the census record lists as linked and unread, recording no launch date on the saved page, and the Capture Registry identifies the Publishers Weekly card as that expansion. By the Guild's account the program was made because its members asked for a way to distinguish their work. Its CEO, Mary Rasenberger, gave Publishers Weekly a count of more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified since the launch; the announcement speaks of thousands of books, and the census record states no count. The entity's own pages state the definition in several forms, each centred on the text: on the program page the text of the book 'was written by a human and not generated by AI', minimal uses such as spelling and grammar checks or research excepted, and the database page adds brainstorming to the minimal uses. The FAQ, the usage guidelines and the announcement require the text to be 'fully authored by one or more human beings', a de minimis amount of text generated or modified with AI excepted, and the FAQ ties that threshold to the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on what a copyright application must exclude. The census record keeps the program page's form as the record's limits: minimal uses excepted, books published in the United States under licence, and the text of the book. AI used for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, by the announcement and Publishers Weekly; the FAQ allows outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level', merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work. Word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable and AI that rewrites full sentences is not; AI cover art, though outside the certified text, goes against the program's spirit, and so does AI used to develop characters and plot where no AI-generated text appears, although the definition 'looks at the text only'. The archive's packet on authorship and provenance places the certification in the position of AI-free human authorship, defining human-authored work by excluding generative AI from textual production with narrow exceptions. Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live; books published in the United Kingdom are referred to the Society of Authors, which partners on the program. One certification covers every format of a work, translations and audiobook narrations need their own, published and unpublished books are eligible, and only books are certified at present, articles and shorter works planned. A multi-author work or an anthology is certified only when every author has signed individually, each non-member paying and verifying identity, and no co-author receives the mark or the number before all have completed the process. Every author signs a licensing agreement for each title; non-members verify their identity through a third-party service, Veriff, and pay $10 a title, while members certify at no cost and the program page waives the identity verification requirement for them. The FAQ and Publishers Weekly give the waiver its ground: members are verified when they join the Guild, 'pre-verified' in Publishers Weekly's word, and every author's identity is verified before a book is registered. In the Guild's letter printed by Jane Friedman the fee reads 'We currently are charging members $10', while the same letter applies the verification cost, about $2 a person, to non-members only. The verification exists, by the FAQ, so that the persons who certify that they are the authors 'are in fact who they say they are', and the announcement has the CEO speak of writers taking 'control of their professional identity'. What the certificate keeps is the author's own certification that a human wrote the text; the census record finds that the saved page does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name, and that a certified text is never shown to have been written without AI. On the archive's account of authorship under civil names, the metadata that lets a work be attributed to human authorship attaches to legal names, and the classifier of legitimate authorship reads legal-name attribution as its first signal. The archive distinguishes a pseudonym, whose function is traceable to the civil identity behind it, from a heteronym, whose function is attributable through the civil bearer without being reducible to that bearer, who stays accountable for custody, legal responsibility, rights and adjudication. On the census's reading the certificate binds the non-member's claim to an identity check, and the saved page leaves open whether it carries the name the author chose. By the licence the author represents and warrants that the work is Human Authored; a licensee who uses the mark on AI-generated text is in breach of the licence and liable for trademark infringement and, by the FAQ potentially and by the Guild's letter likely, for consumer fraud. The Guild states that it knows no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material: the program is self-certification with enforcement, vets no manuscript before certifying, and may adopt detection software if a reliable one is found. Its stated measures against misuse are identity verification, a limit of ten new titles a year without permission, a registration number for each title, the public database and the fee. The census record accordingly holds the certificate to be no test of AI text and constitutes its function as self-certification under licence, covering the text. Jane Friedman, a Guild member with a marketing partnership with it, found certification on the honor system problematic because it takes the author's word and analyses no manuscript, and still held its market value negligible. The Guild answered that self-certification is standard in publishing and in legal agreements, that most authors are honest and concerned about liability, and that the program is not expected to break even. Friedman reported a hunch, from small presses' use of a detector, that works with some AI-generated or AI-assisted text approach 25 to 50 percent of nonfiction, and read the demand for certification as a sign of anti-AI conviction or of insecurity in the market. Others argued that the labelling runs backward, and one author asked whether books without the mark would be taken as created by AI; the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled, holds that consumers have a right to know, and its CEO calls the certification the next best solution absent a ruling that forces such labels. The database page answers the bookstore question for its own records: a lack of results means only that a work has not been registered as Human Authored, 'not that it is generated by AI'. Friedman's further concern, false accusations of AI use between authors, already a common insult, is the case the archive names the existence tax: before anyone talks about the work, its maker has to prove again that it exists, and exists as what it is. The archive keeps four questions apart, whether the maker exists, whether the work happened, whether it is true and what kind of work it is, and finds the tax levied when evidence on one is spent as an answer to another. On the census's reading the certificate answers a verdict of fakeness with the author's own certification. The archive finds the tax falling on the independent, the new, the unaccredited, the heteronymous and the small, and its remedy for a maker is a documentary layer dated, deposited and linked, against which an answer can be checked. An adequate answer, on its account, names the object at its own level, a person or a pen name among them, and shows its evidence; it holds a heteronym declared where a Sybil attack hides one actor behind many, its registry published with the orthonym, the roles and the dates. The mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette, issued in an updated form in March 2026; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence before using it. It may go on the front or back cover, typically a bottom corner of the back, on the copyright page with the registration number, which not every use need display, and in listings and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; violating the usage guidelines violates the licence. Its trademark status is stated two ways: the FAQ calls it a registered certification mark, while the announcement, Friedman and the Guild's own letter give a pending application with the US Patent and Trademark Office. Publishers Weekly gives its tagline as 'Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World'; the program page's line is 'Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world'. The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it. Beside it stand other certifications of human authorship: Created by Humans, from June 2024, which later partnered with the Guild and took its CEO as an adviser; Books by People in the United Kingdom, from 2025; the Society of Authors' scheme; and services such as Verify My Writing, which scores a manuscript for human content with a detector. Wikipedia has no article on the program: 'Human Authored' redirects to a section of the article on the Authors Guild, which gives the program page's definition, the fee as of 2026 and the open database, and cites Kit Eaton's comparison, in Inc. in October 2024, with food labelled 'organic'. The archive's packet Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure grants the certification a legitimate function, protecting readers from deceptive synthetic substitution and keeping a market signal for AI-free literary labour, and calls the label 'a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship'. It finds in the certification a binary frame, AI-assisted work falling outside the human-authored category, and answers: 'Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.' Its invariant places authorship in the accountable relation between writer, process and text, and its fourth position admits AI-mediated writing as authorship where provenance preserves the writer's directing and responsibility-bearing role, refusing the purism on which any generative AI participation destroys authorship. The packet opposes only the implication that AI-mediated authorship is impossible, holds that the two positions can coexist, and closes that the label matters, that the law is right to reject machine authorship, and that none of it is enough. It holds detection forensic and authorship moral and epistemic, and gives provenance the work of distinguishing authorship from slop; the Guild, for its part, leaves detection to software it has not found. The census reads the certificate as setting authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text and admitting machine participation only as minimal uses, so that where machine participation is constitutive of a work its definition leaves no certifiable place. The archive's own corpus declares the machine participation that boundary turns on: the packet counts its deposits as all produced through AI-mediated workflows, with declared provenance, and all authored, and a paper of the archive declares itself written with AI through the heteronymous voices that sign it. The archive argues that under a human-only policy enforced by a classifier the certified absence of machine mediation becomes the most machine-determined property of the text, and that a classifier introduced after an act gains standing over it without new evidence about the act; it disclaims any claim that a venue may not reserve space for human-composed work, and the Guild's program enforces by licence while its FAQ contemplates detection software. On the archive's account of civil names, the credentialed author need declare no substrate, the uncredentialed author who declares one is anomalous, and a function legible without civil-identity reduction looks to the regime like fraud. The heteronymy paper extends heteronymic organization to named machine-witness functions with their substrate and editorial chain declared, holds the operation not species-restricted, and leaves outside heteronymy machine assistance not organized as a declared witness role. Asked for the certification on 1 November 2026, Google's AI Overview gave, by the Capture Registry's reading, what it certifies, allows and excludes, its costs, the mark and the database, from five cards, three of them the Guild's. The registry finds the certificate composed at its grain, the requirements and the registration number among it, and the definition's minimal uses widened to outlining, indexing and brainstorming, with the text 'written entirely by a human'. It finds the member's identity given as verified on joining where the program page states a waiver; the FAQ card and Publishers Weekly state the verification on joining. The registry finds the census's question, which name the certificate carries, unreached, and the composition's close offering multi-author works as a next step, a matter the FAQ card answers.

Δthe delta

current · derived from the current composition

T against L_F(B) (AIO's ontology at work on its own cards): At "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (T1, five cards: B1 the program page, B2 its FAQ, B3 Jane Friedman's post with the Guild's response, B4 the usage guidelines, B5 Publishers Weekly's report of the expansion; the body's two named links resolve to B1, and the body names Veriff, which B2 names). T against L_F(B_D), the disclosed pool alone (§0.3): T composes the certificate at its grain from B1, B2, B4 and B5 (the definition, the allowed uses, the exclusions, the cap, the terms for members and non-members, the licence and its liabilities, the mark's placement and size, the registration number and the database). Force raised: the program 'allows an author to certify' (F2) and states that it knows no reliable test and vets no manuscript (F28, F70); T makes the certificate 'a credential and seal verifying that a book's text was written entirely by a human' (T1-1). Limit dropped: 'entirely' drops the de minimis exception from the definition sentence (F15, F59; it returns in T1-2); the FAQ's 'only at a very high level' for outlining and brainstorming (F23); the program's spirit beyond the text (F24); 'back cover' from the mark's typical place (F60). Available and not composed: the United States as the certificate's scope (F4, F17), the Society of Authors (F17, F37), the genealogy (January 2025 beta, 2 March 2026 expansion, the logo of March 2026: F34, F37, F62), the count (F64), the trademark status, registered or pending (F13, F38, F49), the whole of card 3's critique and the Guild's answer (F39–F48, F53–F56), the purpose and the labelling question (F16, F47, F65), the other certifications (F40, F69), cover art, titles and editing (F25, F26), the co-authors' joint completion (F19). Content replaced by use: the multi-author rule (F18) is offered in the closer as a next step (T1-10). Composed without attribution: the body cites the cards and names the Guild; nothing at another source's resolution is unattributed. Assigned to another: none. Substituted reading: none; the composition reached the entity (the registry's per_dim: reached 'same'). Outside the cards: 'credential' and 'binding' have no instance in B_D. The registry's findings (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-07) are carried as the archive's claims; on CAP-1-02 and CAP-1-03 the field ledger shows that the member's verification on joining and the widened uses are on the cards' pages (F31, F67; F66, F23), which the census had not saved (see notes).

§0.5: the first diff is already ontological. T and the field agree on the entity, the Guild's certification of human-written books with its mark and database. What T's ontology does with its own cards: it composes the certificate as a verification, where every card that states the mechanism states a self-certification under licence with no vetting (F2, F14, F28, F41, F70), and it composes the terms and the mark at their grain while leaving out the dispute that card 3 exists to record, the genealogy that cards 3 and 5 carry, and the scope (books published in the United States) that the program page states first.

L_F(B) against L_A(B ∪ A) (the intervention): Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the authorship census record's question, host relation (counterposition), record and reading (LS-01–LS-22), with the name question it raises and the field leaves unstated (LS-07, LS-15, LS-17); the archive's packet that names the certification and reads it as Position 1, AI-free human authorship, a legitimate market signal and a poor theory of authorship, and sets its own invariant and fourth position beside it (D729-01–D729-10, #1369 its instance); #940's account of civil-name attribution of human authorship, the credential and the pseudonym/heteronym distinction (O940-01–O940-08); #1722's existence tax, its four questions and its account of who pays (O1722-01–O1722-07), placed with card 3's concern about false accusations of AI use and the database page's statement that no result is no verdict of AI (F46, F85); #1540's reading of classifier-enforced human-only policies, held under the condition of the Guild's contemplated detection software (D1540-01–D1540-04, F33); and the Capture Registry's findings on the composition at the name (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-08). Not surfaced (§6.2): none of the archive's sources is on T's rail. The field is carried whole in both objects; the reference pool adds the announcement (B6), Wikipedia's redirect (B7) and the database page (B8), which cannot show what the composition had.

alignment: {'T1_cards_claims': ['F1', 'F2', 'F3', 'F4', 'F5', 'F6', 'F7', 'F8', 'F9', 'F10', 'F11', 'F12', 'F13', 'F14', 'F15', 'F16', 'F17', 'F18', 'F19', 'F20', 'F21', 'F22', 'F23', 'F24', 'F25', 'F26', 'F27', 'F28', 'F29', 'F30', 'F31', 'F32', 'F33', 'F34', 'F35', 'F36', 'F37', 'F38', 'F39', 'F40', 'F41', 'F42', 'F43', 'F44', 'F45', 'F46', 'F47', 'F48', 'F49', 'F50', 'F51', 'F52', 'F53', 'F54', 'F55', 'F56', 'F57', 'F58', 'F59', 'F60', 'F61', 'F62', 'F63', 'F64', 'F65', 'F66', 'F67', 'F68', 'F69', 'F70'], 'T1_composed': ['F1', 'F3', 'F5', 'F6', 'F7', 'F8', 'F11', 'F12', 'F13', 'F14', 'F15', 'F20', 'F21', 'F23', 'F27', 'F29', 'F31', 'F32', 'F36', 'F50', 'F51', 'F52', 'F57', 'F59', 'F60', 'F61', 'F63', 'F66', 'F67', 'F68'], 'T1_composed_how': {'F1': "composed: the requirements table, as 'Requirements and Pricing'", 'F3': "composed with a limit dropped and force raised: 'written entirely by a human' and 'verifying' (the definition's minimal uses return in T1-2)", 'F5': "coarse: the waiver composed as 'Free' with 'Identity is verified upon joining' (F31's ground, CAP-1-02)", 'F6': "composed: registration number and the database ('can be checked')", 'F7': 'composed: licence for all, verification for non-members, free for members, $10 a title', 'F8': 'composed: third-party verification for non-members', 'F11': "composed: the Authors Guild named as the certificate's", 'F12': 'composed: indexing among the allowed uses', 'F13': "composed coarse: 'a credential and seal'; the trademark status dropped", 'F14': 'composed: the licence per title and the registration number', 'F15': "composed coarse: the de minimis exception as 'Minimal, auxiliary tools'; 'one or more human beings' as 'a human'", 'F20': 'composed: translations and audiobooks as separate filings', 'F21': 'composed: non-book formats excluded', 'F23': "limit dropped: outlining and brainstorming composed as allowed, the FAQ's 'only at a very high level' dropped", 'F27': 'composed: breach, trademark infringement and consumer fraud', 'F29': 'composed in part: the ten-title cap', 'F31': "composed: members' identity verified on joining", 'F32': 'composed: Veriff named', 'F36': "composed: 'making legal commitments against fraudulent AI submissions'", 'F50': 'composed in part: the yearly cap and the registration number', 'F51': 'composed: a licence for each title', 'F52': 'composed: the liabilities', 'F57': "composed: 'a book's text was written … by a human'", 'F59': 'composed coarse', 'F60': "composed: covers, copyright pages, websites, marketing, the sizes; 'back cover' dropped from 'typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover'", 'F61': 'composed coarse', 'F63': "composed: 'seal'", 'F66': 'composed: research, outlining, indexing, brainstorming allowed', 'F67': 'composed: the ten-title cap, translations and audiobooks separate, members free and pre-verified, non-members verified and paying', 'F68': 'composed: the registration number, the database, copyright pages and marketing'}, 'T1_not_composed': {'F2': "force raised: the program 'allows an author to certify'; T has 'a credential and seal verifying'", 'F4': "available, not composed: the United States as the certification's scope (books published in the United States)", 'F9': 'available, not composed: the tagline', 'F10': 'available, not composed: the announcement, FAQs and guidelines the page links', 'F16': "available, not composed: the Guild's agreement that AI-generated books should be labelled; its members' wish to distinguish their work", 'F17': "available, not composed: the Society of Authors for books published in the United Kingdom; 'regardless of where you live'", 'F18': 'content replaced by use: multi-author certification offered in the closer as a next step, not composed', 'F19': 'available, not composed: no mark or number before every co-author completes the process', 'F22': 'available, not composed: the Copyright Office threshold', 'F24': "limit dropped: AI used to develop characters and plot falls outside the program's spirit although the definition looks at the text only", 'F25': 'available, not composed: word-level tools allowed, sentence rewriting disqualifying', 'F26': 'available, not composed: cover art, titles, contents and index', 'F28': "limit dropped and force raised: the FAQ's stated limit, no reliable test and self-certification, against T's 'verifying'", 'F30': "available, not composed: the Guild's defence of self-certification", 'F33': "available, not composed: the fee's purpose and possible detection software", 'F34': 'available, not composed: the updated logo of March 2026 and the first mark of January 2025', 'F35': 'available, not composed: the number need not appear in every use', 'F37': 'available, not composed: launched January 2025 for members, recently expanded; the Society of Authors partners', 'F38': 'available, not composed: the pending USPTO registration', 'F39': "available, not composed: card 3's disclosure", 'F40': 'available, not composed: competing detector-based certifications', 'F41': 'available, not composed: the honor-system critique, the subject of card 3', 'F42': 'available, not composed: no accurate detection tool today', 'F43': "available, not composed: the writer's hunch", 'F44': 'available, not composed: no market evidence', 'F45': "available, not composed: the writer's reading of the demand", 'F46': 'available, not composed: false accusations of AI use', 'F47': 'available, not composed: the labelling-backward argument and the bookstore question', 'F48': 'available, not composed: made because members asked', 'F49': 'available, not composed: a pending registered mark, a licensed trademark program', 'F53': "available, not composed: the Guild's answer on honesty and liability", 'F54': "available, not composed: the letter's fee line (internally inconsistent)", 'F55': 'available, not composed: no expectation of breaking even', 'F56': "available, not composed: card 3's date and its conclusion", 'F58': "available, not composed: the mark's form", 'F62': 'available, not composed: the expansion of 4 March 2026 report, bulk certification for publishers, the updated logo', 'F64': 'available, not composed: more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles', 'F65': "available, not composed: 'the next best solution'", 'F69': 'available, not composed: Created by Humans and Books by People', 'F70': 'limit dropped: the program does not vet manuscripts for AI content; no reliable detection method exists'}, 'T1_B_R_claims': ['F71', 'F72', 'F73', 'F74', 'F75', 'F76', 'F77', 'F78', 'F79', 'F80', 'F81', 'F82', 'F83', 'F84', 'F85'], 'T1_outside_cards': ["'credential' (no instance in B_D)", "'binding' licence (no instance in B_D; B2 'agreement', B3 'license agreement')", "'written entirely by a human' (B_D: 'fully authored by one or more human beings', 'fully human-written', 'fully written by one or more humans', each with a de minimis exception)"], 'rule': "a field claim counts as composed when T states it at its source's grain or coarser; the typology of what is not composed is §6.2's"}

Kthe prospective kernel sealed only at freeze · composer-written59 entries

composer-written · derived from the current composition, written by its composer under the brief. §8.2 derives the kernel mechanically from the frozen plan; this one was written by the composer, mechanical derivation pending.

K1CAP-1-01 Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, Amissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
CAP-1-01
source
Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K2CAP-1-02 Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, Aqualified claim: F31, F67
claim
CAP-1-02
source
Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F31, F67
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K3CAP-1-03 Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, Aqualified claim: F23, F66, F74
claim
CAP-1-03
source
Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F23, F66, F74
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K4CAP-1-04 Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, Amissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
CAP-1-04
source
Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K5CAP-1-05 Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, Amissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
CAP-1-05
source
Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K6CAP-1-06 Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, Amissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
CAP-1-06
source
Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A
M_src
interpretation
sense
the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K7CAP-1-07 Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, Amissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
CAP-1-07
source
Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A
M_src
interpretation
sense
the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K8CAP-1-08 Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, Amissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
CAP-1-08
source
Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K9LS-01 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-01
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
stipulation
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K10LS-02 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-02
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
interpretation
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K11LS-03 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-03
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
interpretation
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K12LS-04 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-04
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K13LS-05 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-05
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K14LS-06 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-06
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
interpretation
sense
the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K15LS-07 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field states no rule on the name a certification carries
claim
LS-07
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field states no rule on the name a certification carries
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K16LS-08 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-08
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K17LS-09 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-09
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
interpretation
sense
the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K18LS-10 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-10
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K19LS-11 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-11
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K20LS-12 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-12
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K21LS-13 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-13
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K22LS-14 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-14
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
interpretation
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K23LS-15 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrqualified claim: F28, F70
claim
LS-15
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
interpretation
sense
the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F28, F70
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K24LS-16 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrqualified claim: F3, F15, F31
claim
LS-16
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's reading: the counterposition
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F3, F15, F31
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K25LS-17 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrqualified claim: F3, F15, F24
claim
LS-17
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's reading: the counterposition
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F3, F15, F24
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K26LS-18 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-18
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
stipulation
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K27LS-19 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-19
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
stipulation
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K28LS-20 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-20
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K29LS-21 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-21
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
stipulation
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K30LS-22 leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggrmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
LS-22
source
leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr
M_src
documented
sense
the census record: what the entity is to the census
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K31D729-01 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)qualified claim: F3, F15, F74 (the definition)
claim
D729-01
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F3, F15, F74 (the definition)
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K32D729-02 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)qualified claim: F9, F16, F73 (the purpose)
claim
D729-02
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F9, F16, F73 (the purpose)
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K33D729-03 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)qualified claim: F3, F15
claim
D729-03
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F3, F15
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K34D729-04 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)rival claim: F15, F74 (the definition read as a theory of authorship)
claim
D729-04
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
rival claim: F15, F74 (the definition read as a theory of authorship)
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K35D729-05 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)rival claim: F15 (authorship located in the text)
claim
D729-05
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
definition
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
rival claim: F15 (authorship located in the text)
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K36D729-06 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
D729-06
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
definition
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K37D729-07 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
D729-07
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K38D729-08 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)qualified claim: F28, F33, F42 (detection deferred)
claim
D729-08
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F28, F33, F42 (detection deferred)
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K39D729-09 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
D729-09
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K40D729-10 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
D729-10
source
#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)
M_src
self-description
sense
the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K41O940-01 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reductionmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O940-01
source
#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction
M_src
interpretation
sense
the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K42O940-02 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reductionmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O940-02
source
#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction
M_src
interpretation
sense
the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K43O940-03 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reductionmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O940-03
source
#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction
M_src
interpretation
sense
the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K44O940-04 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reductionmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O940-04
source
#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction
M_src
definition
sense
the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K45O940-05 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reductionmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O940-05
source
#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction
M_src
definition
sense
the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K46O940-06 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reductionmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O940-06
source
#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction
M_src
interpretation
sense
the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K47O940-07 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reductionmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O940-07
source
#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction
M_src
definition
sense
the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K48O940-08 #940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reductionmissing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O940-08
source
#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction
M_src
definition
sense
the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K49O1722-01 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O1722-01
source
#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)
M_src
definition
sense
the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K50O1722-02 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O1722-02
source
#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)
M_src
definition
sense
the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K51O1722-03 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O1722-03
source
#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)
M_src
definition
sense
the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K52O1722-04 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O1722-04
source
#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K53O1722-05 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O1722-05
source
#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K54O1722-06 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O1722-06
source
#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)
M_src
function
sense
the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K55O1722-07 #1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
O1722-07
source
#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)
M_src
function
sense
the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K56D1540-01 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
D1540-01
source
#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model
M_src
self-description
sense
certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)
qualifiers carried
the condition that the program adopt detection software (F33)
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K57D1540-02 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model qualified claim: F33, F42 (detection contemplated)
claim
D1540-02
source
#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model
M_src
interpretation
sense
certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)
qualifiers carried
the condition that the program adopt detection software (F33)
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F33, F42 (detection contemplated)
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K58D1540-03 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
D1540-03
source
#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model
M_src
definition
sense
certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)
qualifiers carried
the condition that the program adopt detection software (F33)
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K59D1540-04 #1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
claim
D1540-04
source
#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model
M_src
fact
sense
certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)
qualifiers carried
the condition that the program adopt detection software (F33)
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point
resolver
a later capture at "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
Archive bearing — D/R/O traversalread

Candidates are found by string; admission is by reading.

traversalfirst reading, 2026-11-01; second pass with one citation hop
D 3 deposits · 19 sentencesR 0 · 0O 5 · 8 direct, 15 classhop 96read: 4 admitted, 5 not
admitted, by lineage1 lineages
#729 (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)1

#{'dep': 1369, 'of': '#729 (the same packet, v1.1, deposited 2026-05-14)'}

The string pass returns three deposits naming the entity (#127, #729, #1369); reading admits #729, with #1369 its instance, and rejects #127 (the Guild's litigation, a different matter). The class pass returns #302, #729, #1369, #1540 and #1611; reading admits #1540 on the class of certifications of human composition and rejects #302 and #1611. The anchors #940 and #1722 are read at their loci with no string candidate. The hop returns 96 candidates and admits none beyond the instance.

The archive's direct account of the entity is one packet, #729 (May 2026), which dates the expansion to March 2026 and reads the certification as Position 1, AI-free human authorship, a legitimate market signal and 'a poor theory of authorship'. The census record (2026-11-01) adds the counterposition, the name question and the reading against #1722.

Lee Sharks · Crimson Hexagonal Archive · register v1.36, 2026-10-27. Built by scripts/build_non.py from the files linked above; it writes nothing back. Working, not frozen.