{ "row": "authors-guild-human-authored", "entity": "authors-guild-human-authored", "address": "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification", "addresses": [ { "address": "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification", "slug": "authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101", "addr_id": "ADDR-56665cc3c367", "obs_id": "OBS-98ba77f48a52", "axn": "AXN:0B7D.CAPTURE.✨🏔️🔀📌🌔🌒" } ], "epoch": "2026-11-01", "type": "C (public entity on which the archive bears: a certification of human authorship with a mark and a public database; an entity of the leesharks.com apparatus authorship census, held there as a counterposition)", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "status": { "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726): equal case, ρ = extends, read from the authorship census record, the capture record and the archive's deposits on the certification and its kind (#729, #940, #1722, #1540) at their loci; two pools (§3.1(a)); attribution beneath (§4.5); natural sentences under subheadings (§4.12); article first (§4.13)", "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 85/85 and archive quotes 59/59 verified by script against saved texts, the registry and the census", "frozen": false, "breaches": [] }, "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "objects": { "T": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/authors-guild-human-authored-20261101/T1-authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101.txt", "sha256": "2364fb5ef6fa8cff4bf8d335b6676e3a0ecb9fc1b44f985be3bb4bdddcdec219", "words": 231, "cards": 5, "words_note": "one transcript at one address (231 words in the answer body with its closer, by whitespace, link targets removed; the cards' titles and snippets excluded)", "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'The Authors Guild Human Authored Certification is a credential and seal verifying that a book's text was written entirely by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.'", "T1-2 allowed uses: 'Allowed AI Uses: Minimal, auxiliary tools like spelling and grammar checks, research, outlining, indexing, or brainstorming do not disqualify a work.'", "T1-3 exclusions: 'Excluded Content: Audiobooks, translations, and non-book formats require separate filings or are excluded.'", "T1-4 limit: 'Limits: Authors are capped at 10 title certifications per year without special permission.'", "T1-5 members: 'Authors Guild Members: Free. Identity is verified upon joining.'", "T1-6 non-members: 'Non-Members: $10 per title. Requires a third-party identity verification service (such as Veriff).'", "T1-7 agreement: 'Agreement: Every author must sign a binding license agreement for each title, making legal commitments against fraudulent AI submissions (which carry risks of breach of contract, trademark infringement, and consumer fraud liability).'", "T1-8 display: 'Where to Display: Can be placed on book covers (typically bottom corners), copyright pages, websites, and marketing materials (sized between 1/4 and 1 inch in diameter).'", "T1-9 database: 'Public Database: All issued credentials receive a unique registration number and can be checked via the Authors Guild Public Database.'", "T1-10 closer: 'If you are looking to register a title, would you like details on how to set up a non-member account or how collaborative multi-author works are handled?'" ], "register": { "register": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json", "slug": "authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101", "obs_id": "OBS-98ba77f48a52" }, "transcripts": [ { "slug": "authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101", "address": "Authors Guild Human Authored Certification", "addr_id": "ADDR-56665cc3c367", "obs_id": "OBS-98ba77f48a52", "axn": "AXN:0B7D.CAPTURE.✨🏔️🔀📌🌔🌒", "date": "2026-11-01", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "sha256": "2364fb5ef6fa8cff4bf8d335b6676e3a0ecb9fc1b44f985be3bb4bdddcdec219", "sha256_of": "the registry's 'transcript' string (utf-8)", "sha256_raw": "90c5aa710a2494079c4beb2a8efa8852fa15cab75011ec5cde448b76affcfdc2", "words": 231, "cards": 5, "card_rail": [ "1. The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification", "2. The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ - The Authors Guild", "3. Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and ...", "4. The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines - The Authors Guild", "5. Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program" ], "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'The Authors Guild Human Authored Certification is a credential and seal verifying that a book's text was written entirely by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.'", "T1-2 allowed uses: 'Allowed AI Uses: Minimal, auxiliary tools like spelling and grammar checks, research, outlining, indexing, or brainstorming do not disqualify a work.'", "T1-3 exclusions: 'Excluded Content: Audiobooks, translations, and non-book formats require separate filings or are excluded.'", "T1-4 limit: 'Limits: Authors are capped at 10 title certifications per year without special permission.'", "T1-5 members: 'Authors Guild Members: Free. Identity is verified upon joining.'", "T1-6 non-members: 'Non-Members: $10 per title. Requires a third-party identity verification service (such as Veriff).'", "T1-7 agreement: 'Agreement: Every author must sign a binding license agreement for each title, making legal commitments against fraudulent AI submissions (which carry risks of breach of contract, trademark infringement, and consumer fraud liability).'", "T1-8 display: 'Where to Display: Can be placed on book covers (typically bottom corners), copyright pages, websites, and marketing materials (sized between 1/4 and 1 inch in diameter).'", "T1-9 database: 'Public Database: All issued credentials receive a unique registration number and can be checked via the Authors Guild Public Database.'", "T1-10 closer: 'If you are looking to register a title, would you like details on how to set up a non-member account or how collaborative multi-author works are handled?'" ], "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/authors-guild-human-authored-20261101/T1-authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101.txt" } ] }, "KO": { "title": "Human Authored Certification", "genre": "knowledge object, equal case, under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726): the archive's sources and the field's admitted on equal terms, ontology included, in one claim space; natural sentences under descriptive subheadings (§4.12), attribution beneath (§4.5)", "status": "composed 2026-11-01 under v0.10 on the operator's ruling ('as against their wikipedia articles if they exist, their own pages, etc.'); not frozen; ledger unaudited", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "Human Authored is the Authors Guild's certification of books whose text a human wrote: an author certifies a book under licence, may then carry the Guild's certification mark on it, and has the title listed under its own registration number in a public database.", "claims": [ "F2", "F13", "F14", "F58", "F11", "LS-01", "F6" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "The leesharks.com authorship census holds it as a counterposition, a policy whose question is a boundary assertion: whether an author has certified that a book's text was written by a human, on the Guild's definition.", "claims": [ "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-21" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "Its unit is one title with its registration number, its object the books published in the United States whose authors so certify; it is no test or detection of AI text, no copyright registration, open to non-members, and confined to the text of a book.", "claims": [ "LS-04", "LS-05", "LS-18", "LS-19", "F4" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 1, "sense": "genealogy", "text": "The program opened in beta for Guild members in January 2025, when the first mark was released, and on 2 March 2026 the Guild announced its expansion to every author whose books are published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk the following week.", "claims": [ "F72", "F71", "F34", "F63", "F37" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "sense": "genealogy", "text": "Publishers Weekly reported the expansion on 4 March 2026 with an updated logo; the program page links the announcement, which the census record lists as linked and unread, recording no launch date on the saved page, and the Capture Registry identifies the Publishers Weekly card as that expansion.", "claims": [ "F62", "F10", "LS-12", "LS-20", "CAP-1-05" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 1, "sense": "genealogy", "text": "By the Guild's account the program was made because its members asked for a way to distinguish their work.", "claims": [ "F48", "F16" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 1, "sense": "how many", "text": "Its CEO, Mary Rasenberger, gave Publishers Weekly a count of more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified since the launch; the announcement speaks of thousands of books, and the census record states no count.", "claims": [ "F64", "F75", "LS-11" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 2, "sense": "the definition", "text": "The entity's own pages state the definition in several forms, each centred on the text: on the program page the text of the book 'was written by a human and not generated by AI', minimal uses such as spelling and grammar checks or research excepted, and the database page adds brainstorming to the minimal uses.", "claims": [ "F3", "F83" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 2, "sense": "the definition", "text": "The FAQ, the usage guidelines and the announcement require the text to be 'fully authored by one or more human beings', a de minimis amount of text generated or modified with AI excepted, and the FAQ ties that threshold to the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on what a copyright application must exclude.", "claims": [ "F15", "F59", "F74", "F22", "F12", "F57", "F61" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 2, "sense": "the definition", "text": "The census record keeps the program page's form as the record's limits: minimal uses excepted, books published in the United States under licence, and the text of the book.", "claims": [ "LS-13", "LS-05" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 3, "sense": "uses of AI, by part of the book", "text": "AI used for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, by the announcement and Publishers Weekly; the FAQ allows outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level', merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work.", "claims": [ "F74", "F66", "F26", "F23" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 3, "sense": "uses of AI, by part of the book", "text": "Word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable and AI that rewrites full sentences is not; AI cover art, though outside the certified text, goes against the program's spirit, and so does AI used to develop characters and plot where no AI-generated text appears, although the definition 'looks at the text only'.", "claims": [ "F25", "F26", "F24" ] }, { "n": 13, "para": 3, "sense": "uses of AI, by part of the book", "text": "The archive's packet on authorship and provenance places the certification in the position of AI-free human authorship, defining human-authored work by excluding generative AI from textual production with narrow exceptions.", "claims": [ "D729-01" ] }, { "n": 14, "para": 4, "sense": "who and what may be certified", "text": "Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live; books published in the United Kingdom are referred to the Society of Authors, which partners on the program.", "claims": [ "F4", "F17", "F37" ] }, { "n": 15, "para": 4, "sense": "who and what may be certified", "text": "One certification covers every format of a work, translations and audiobook narrations need their own, published and unpublished books are eligible, and only books are certified at present, articles and shorter works planned.", "claims": [ "F20", "F21", "F67" ] }, { "n": 16, "para": 4, "sense": "who and what may be certified", "text": "A multi-author work or an anthology is certified only when every author has signed individually, each non-member paying and verifying identity, and no co-author receives the mark or the number before all have completed the process.", "claims": [ "F18", "F19" ] }, { "n": 17, "para": 5, "sense": "the certifying person", "text": "Every author signs a licensing agreement for each title; non-members verify their identity through a third-party service, Veriff, and pay $10 a title, while members certify at no cost and the program page waives the identity verification requirement for them.", "claims": [ "F7", "F1", "F8", "F5", "F32", "F33", "F77", "LS-08", "LS-10" ] }, { "n": 18, "para": 5, "sense": "the certifying person", "text": "The FAQ and Publishers Weekly give the waiver its ground: members are verified when they join the Guild, 'pre-verified' in Publishers Weekly's word, and every author's identity is verified before a book is registered.", "claims": [ "F31", "F67" ] }, { "n": 19, "para": 5, "sense": "the certifying person", "text": "In the Guild's letter printed by Jane Friedman the fee reads 'We currently are charging members $10', while the same letter applies the verification cost, about $2 a person, to non-members only.", "claims": [ "F54" ] }, { "n": 20, "para": 5, "sense": "the certifying person", "text": "The verification exists, by the FAQ, so that the persons who certify that they are the authors 'are in fact who they say they are', and the announcement has the CEO speak of writers taking 'control of their professional identity'.", "claims": [ "F32", "F78" ] }, { "n": 21, "para": 5, "sense": "the certifying person", "text": "What the certificate keeps is the author's own certification that a human wrote the text; the census record finds that the saved page does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name, and that a certified text is never shown to have been written without AI.", "claims": [ "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-15" ] }, { "n": 22, "para": 6, "sense": "the name and the civil bearer", "text": "On the archive's account of authorship under civil names, the metadata that lets a work be attributed to human authorship attaches to legal names, and the classifier of legitimate authorship reads legal-name attribution as its first signal.", "claims": [ "O940-01" ] }, { "n": 23, "para": 6, "sense": "the name and the civil bearer", "text": "The archive distinguishes a pseudonym, whose function is traceable to the civil identity behind it, from a heteronym, whose function is attributable through the civil bearer without being reducible to that bearer, who stays accountable for custody, legal responsibility, rights and adjudication.", "claims": [ "O940-04", "O940-05", "O940-08" ] }, { "n": 24, "para": 6, "sense": "the name and the civil bearer", "text": "On the census's reading the certificate binds the non-member's claim to an identity check, and the saved page leaves open whether it carries the name the author chose.", "claims": [ "LS-16", "LS-17" ] }, { "n": 25, "para": 7, "sense": "enforcement and the stated limit", "text": "By the licence the author represents and warrants that the work is Human Authored; a licensee who uses the mark on AI-generated text is in breach of the licence and liable for trademark infringement and, by the FAQ potentially and by the Guild's letter likely, for consumer fraud.", "claims": [ "F27", "F51", "F52", "F36" ] }, { "n": 26, "para": 7, "sense": "enforcement and the stated limit", "text": "The Guild states that it knows no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material: the program is self-certification with enforcement, vets no manuscript before certifying, and may adopt detection software if a reliable one is found.", "claims": [ "F28", "F70", "F33", "F42", "F14" ] }, { "n": 27, "para": 7, "sense": "enforcement and the stated limit", "text": "Its stated measures against misuse are identity verification, a limit of ten new titles a year without permission, a registration number for each title, the public database and the fee.", "claims": [ "F29", "F50", "F77", "F67" ] }, { "n": 28, "para": 7, "sense": "enforcement and the stated limit", "text": "The census record accordingly holds the certificate to be no test of AI text and constitutes its function as self-certification under licence, covering the text.", "claims": [ "LS-18", "LS-09" ] }, { "n": 29, "para": 8, "sense": "the honor-system dispute", "text": "Jane Friedman, a Guild member with a marketing partnership with it, found certification on the honor system problematic because it takes the author's word and analyses no manuscript, and still held its market value negligible.", "claims": [ "F41", "F39", "F56", "F44" ] }, { "n": 30, "para": 8, "sense": "the honor-system dispute", "text": "The Guild answered that self-certification is standard in publishing and in legal agreements, that most authors are honest and concerned about liability, and that the program is not expected to break even.", "claims": [ "F30", "F53", "F55" ] }, { "n": 31, "para": 8, "sense": "the honor-system dispute", "text": "Friedman reported a hunch, from small presses' use of a detector, that works with some AI-generated or AI-assisted text approach 25 to 50 percent of nonfiction, and read the demand for certification as a sign of anti-AI conviction or of insecurity in the market.", "claims": [ "F43", "F45" ] }, { "n": 32, "para": 8, "sense": "the honor-system dispute", "text": "Others argued that the labelling runs backward, and one author asked whether books without the mark would be taken as created by AI; the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled, holds that consumers have a right to know, and its CEO calls the certification the next best solution absent a ruling that forces such labels.", "claims": [ "F47", "F16", "F65", "F73" ] }, { "n": 33, "para": 9, "sense": "absence of the mark, and the existence tax", "text": "The database page answers the bookstore question for its own records: a lack of results means only that a work has not been registered as Human Authored, 'not that it is generated by AI'.", "claims": [ "F85", "F84" ] }, { "n": 34, "para": 9, "sense": "absence of the mark, and the existence tax", "text": "Friedman's further concern, false accusations of AI use between authors, already a common insult, is the case the archive names the existence tax: before anyone talks about the work, its maker has to prove again that it exists, and exists as what it is.", "claims": [ "F46", "O1722-01" ] }, { "n": 35, "para": 9, "sense": "absence of the mark, and the existence tax", "text": "The archive keeps four questions apart, whether the maker exists, whether the work happened, whether it is true and what kind of work it is, and finds the tax levied when evidence on one is spent as an answer to another.", "claims": [ "O1722-02", "O1722-03" ] }, { "n": 36, "para": 9, "sense": "absence of the mark, and the existence tax", "text": "On the census's reading the certificate answers a verdict of fakeness with the author's own certification.", "claims": [ "LS-17" ] }, { "n": 37, "para": 9, "sense": "absence of the mark, and the existence tax", "text": "The archive finds the tax falling on the independent, the new, the unaccredited, the heteronymous and the small, and its remedy for a maker is a documentary layer dated, deposited and linked, against which an answer can be checked.", "claims": [ "O1722-05", "O1722-07" ] }, { "n": 38, "para": 9, "sense": "absence of the mark, and the existence tax", "text": "An adequate answer, on its account, names the object at its own level, a person or a pen name among them, and shows its evidence; it holds a heteronym declared where a Sybil attack hides one actor behind many, its registry published with the orthonym, the roles and the dates.", "claims": [ "O1722-06", "O1722-04" ] }, { "n": 39, "para": 10, "sense": "the mark", "text": "The mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette, issued in an updated form in March 2026; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence before using it.", "claims": [ "F58", "F57", "F34", "F63", "F68" ] }, { "n": 40, "para": 10, "sense": "the mark", "text": "It may go on the front or back cover, typically a bottom corner of the back, on the copyright page with the registration number, which not every use need display, and in listings and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; violating the usage guidelines violates the licence.", "claims": [ "F60", "F68", "F35" ] }, { "n": 41, "para": 10, "sense": "the mark", "text": "Its trademark status is stated two ways: the FAQ calls it a registered certification mark, while the announcement, Friedman and the Guild's own letter give a pending application with the US Patent and Trademark Office.", "claims": [ "F13", "F76", "F38", "F49" ] }, { "n": 42, "para": 10, "sense": "the mark", "text": "Publishers Weekly gives its tagline as 'Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World'; the program page's line is 'Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world'.", "claims": [ "F68", "F9" ] }, { "n": 43, "para": 11, "sense": "the public database", "text": "The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it.", "claims": [ "F6", "F84", "F77", "F50", "LS-04", "LS-14", "LS-20", "LS-22" ] }, { "n": 44, "para": 12, "sense": "beside it", "text": "Beside it stand other certifications of human authorship: Created by Humans, from June 2024, which later partnered with the Guild and took its CEO as an adviser; Books by People in the United Kingdom, from 2025; the Society of Authors' scheme; and services such as Verify My Writing, which scores a manuscript for human content with a detector.", "claims": [ "F69", "F40", "F37", "D729-01" ] }, { "n": 45, "para": 12, "sense": "beside it", "text": "Wikipedia has no article on the program: 'Human Authored' redirects to a section of the article on the Authors Guild, which gives the program page's definition, the fee as of 2026 and the open database, and cites Kit Eaton's comparison, in Inc. in October 2024, with food labelled 'organic'.", "claims": [ "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82" ] }, { "n": 46, "para": 13, "sense": "the counterposition", "text": "The archive's packet *Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure* grants the certification a legitimate function, protecting readers from deceptive synthetic substitution and keeping a market signal for AI-free literary labour, and calls the label 'a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship'.", "claims": [ "D729-02", "F9" ] }, { "n": 47, "para": 13, "sense": "the counterposition", "text": "It finds in the certification a binary frame, AI-assisted work falling outside the human-authored category, and answers: 'Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.'", "claims": [ "D729-04" ] }, { "n": 48, "para": 13, "sense": "the counterposition", "text": "Its invariant places authorship in the accountable relation between writer, process and text, and its fourth position admits AI-mediated writing as authorship where provenance preserves the writer's directing and responsibility-bearing role, refusing the purism on which any generative AI participation destroys authorship.", "claims": [ "D729-05", "D729-06", "D729-07" ] }, { "n": 49, "para": 13, "sense": "the counterposition", "text": "The packet opposes only the implication that AI-mediated authorship is impossible, holds that the two positions can coexist, and closes that the label matters, that the law is right to reject machine authorship, and that none of it is enough.", "claims": [ "D729-03", "D729-09" ] }, { "n": 50, "para": 13, "sense": "the counterposition", "text": "It holds detection forensic and authorship moral and epistemic, and gives provenance the work of distinguishing authorship from slop; the Guild, for its part, leaves detection to software it has not found.", "claims": [ "D729-08", "F28", "F33" ] }, { "n": 51, "para": 13, "sense": "the counterposition", "text": "The census reads the certificate as setting authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text and admitting machine participation only as minimal uses, so that where machine participation is constitutive of a work its definition leaves no certifiable place.", "claims": [ "LS-16", "LS-17", "F3" ] }, { "n": 52, "para": 14, "sense": "machine participation declared", "text": "The archive's own corpus declares the machine participation that boundary turns on: the packet counts its deposits as all produced through AI-mediated workflows, with declared provenance, and all authored, and a paper of the archive declares itself written with AI through the heteronymous voices that sign it.", "claims": [ "D729-10", "D1540-01" ] }, { "n": 53, "para": 14, "sense": "machine participation declared", "text": "The archive argues that under a human-only policy enforced by a classifier the certified absence of machine mediation becomes the most machine-determined property of the text, and that a classifier introduced after an act gains standing over it without new evidence about the act; it disclaims any claim that a venue may not reserve space for human-composed work, and the Guild's program enforces by licence while its FAQ contemplates detection software.", "claims": [ "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04", "F28", "F33" ] }, { "n": 54, "para": 14, "sense": "machine participation declared", "text": "On the archive's account of civil names, the credentialed author need declare no substrate, the uncredentialed author who declares one is anomalous, and a function legible without civil-identity reduction looks to the regime like fraud.", "claims": [ "O940-02", "O940-03" ] }, { "n": 55, "para": 14, "sense": "machine participation declared", "text": "The heteronymy paper extends heteronymic organization to named machine-witness functions with their substrate and editorial chain declared, holds the operation not species-restricted, and leaves outside heteronymy machine assistance not organized as a declared witness role.", "claims": [ "O940-06", "O940-07" ] }, { "n": 56, "para": 15, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "Asked for the certification on 1 November 2026, Google's AI Overview gave, by the Capture Registry's reading, what it certifies, allows and excludes, its costs, the mark and the database, from five cards, three of them the Guild's.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-08" ] }, { "n": 57, "para": 15, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "The registry finds the certificate composed at its grain, the requirements and the registration number among it, and the definition's minimal uses widened to outlining, indexing and brainstorming, with the text 'written entirely by a human'.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-03" ] }, { "n": 58, "para": 15, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "It finds the member's identity given as verified on joining where the program page states a waiver; the FAQ card and Publishers Weekly state the verification on joining.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-02", "F31", "F67" ] }, { "n": 59, "para": 15, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "The registry finds the census's question, which name the certificate carries, unreached, and the composition's close offering multi-author works as a next step, a matter the FAQ card answers.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-04", "F18" ] } ], "joins": [ { "act": "order of senses", "sentences": "1–59", "claims": [], "note": "equal case (§4.7): the entity's dependency order, field and archive claims ordered together by genealogy within each sense; neither ledger placed first as a block. What it is and the census's question (¶0) precede the genealogy and the count (¶1), the definition (¶2), the uses of AI by part of the book (¶3), who and what may be certified (¶4), the certifying person (¶5) and the name and the civil bearer (¶6), enforcement and the stated limit (¶7), the honor-system dispute (¶8), the absence of the mark and the existence tax (¶9), the mark (¶10), the database (¶11), the field beside it (¶12), the counterposition (¶13), declared machine participation (¶14) and the composition at the name (¶15)." }, { "act": "held together as variants of one definition", "sentences": "8–10", "claims": [ "F3", "F83", "F15", "F59", "F74", "F12", "F57", "F61", "LS-13" ], "note": "the entity's own pages state the definition in several forms (program page, database page, FAQ, usage guidelines, announcement); composed as one lineage with each form kept and its source named, since which page says what is part of what is said (§4.5)" }, { "act": "held together as rival", "sentences": "11", "claims": [ "F23", "F74", "F66" ], "note": "P_coh: the FAQ's 'only at a very high level' beside the announcement's and Publishers Weekly's unqualified permission for outlining and brainstorming" }, { "act": "held together as rival", "sentences": "17–19", "claims": [ "F5", "F7", "F33", "F31", "F67", "F54" ], "note": "P_coh: the waiver for members (program page), its ground in verification on joining (FAQ, Publishers Weekly), and the Guild's letter's 'We currently are charging members $10' marked internally_inconsistent" }, { "act": "held together", "sentences": "21–24", "claims": [ "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-15", "O940-01", "O940-04", "O940-05", "O940-08", "LS-16", "LS-17" ], "note": "the census's name question placed with #940's account of civil-name attribution and the pseudonym/heteronym distinction; the composition adds no claim that the certificate excludes a pen name (none is stated, LS-07)" }, { "act": "held together as rival", "sentences": "29–31", "claims": [ "F41", "F56", "F44", "F43", "F45", "F30", "F53", "F55" ], "note": "P_coh: Friedman's critique and the Guild's answer, each with its holder named (a dispute between sources, §4.5)" }, { "act": "joined", "sentences": "32–34", "claims": [ "F47", "F85", "F84", "F46", "O1722-01" ], "note": "the bookstore question (B3) placed with the database page's statement that no result is no verdict of AI (B8, B_R), and Friedman's concern about false accusations placed with #1722's existence tax; the join is the composer's" }, { "act": "held together as rival", "sentences": "41", "claims": [ "F13", "F76", "F38", "F49" ], "note": "P_coh: the FAQ's 'registered certification mark' against the announcement's, Friedman's and the Guild's letter's pending application; F13 marked internally_inconsistent" }, { "act": "held together as rival", "sentences": "46–51", "claims": [ "D729-01", "D729-02", "D729-03", "D729-04", "D729-05", "D729-06", "D729-07", "D729-08", "D729-09", "LS-16", "LS-17", "F3", "F28", "F33" ], "note": "P_coh within one claim space: the archive's packet and the census read the certificate's definition as a theory of authorship and contest it ('a poor theory of authorship'; 'no certifiable place'), while granting its function; the certificate's own definition (F3) stands composed as a definition, and the packet's statement that both positions can coexist is composed with it" }, { "act": "held together under a condition", "sentences": "53", "claims": [ "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04", "F28", "F33" ], "note": "#1540's reading of classifier-enforced human-only policies placed with the Guild's licence enforcement and its contemplated detection software; the condition is stated, and no claim is made that the program now uses a classifier" }, { "act": "held together as rival", "sentences": "58", "claims": [ "CAP-1-02", "F31", "F67" ], "note": "the registry's finding beside the cards that state verification on joining (FAQ, Publishers Weekly); see notes: the finding's 'on no saved page' holds of the census's saved page and the cards state it" } ], "plan": { "order": [ "F2", "F13", "F14", "F58", "F11", "LS-01", "F6", "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-21", "LS-04", "LS-05", "LS-18", "LS-19", "F4", "F72", "F71", "F34", "F63", "F37", "F62", "F10", "LS-12", "LS-20", "CAP-1-05", "F48", "F16", "F64", "F75", "LS-11", "F3", "F83", "F15", "F59", "F74", "F22", "F12", "F57", "F61", "LS-13", "LS-05", "F74", "F66", "F26", "F23", "F25", "F26", "F24", "D729-01", "F4", "F17", "F37", "F20", "F21", "F67", "F18", "F19", "F7", "F1", "F8", "F5", "F32", "F33", "F77", "LS-08", "LS-10", "F31", "F67", "F54", "F32", "F78", "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-15", "O940-01", "O940-04", "O940-05", "O940-08", "LS-16", "LS-17", "F27", "F51", "F52", "F36", "F28", "F70", "F33", "F42", "F14", "F29", "F50", "F77", "F67", "LS-18", "LS-09", "F41", "F39", "F56", "F44", "F30", "F53", "F55", "F43", "F45", "F47", "F16", "F65", "F73", "F85", "F84", "F46", "O1722-01", "O1722-02", "O1722-03", "LS-17", "O1722-05", "O1722-07", "O1722-06", "O1722-04", "F58", "F57", "F34", "F63", "F68", "F60", "F68", "F35", "F13", "F76", "F38", "F49", "F68", "F9", "F6", "F84", "F77", "F50", "LS-04", "LS-14", "LS-20", "LS-22", "F69", "F40", "F37", "D729-01", "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82", "D729-02", "F9", "D729-04", "D729-05", "D729-06", "D729-07", "D729-03", "D729-09", "D729-08", "F28", "F33", "LS-16", "LS-17", "F3", "D729-10", "D1540-01", "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04", "F28", "F33", "O940-02", "O940-03", "O940-06", "O940-07", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-02", "F31", "F67", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-04", "F18" ], "senses": { "what it is": [ 1, 2, 3 ], "genealogy": [ 4, 5, 6 ], "how many": [ 7 ], "the definition": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "uses of AI, by part of the book": [ 11, 12, 13 ], "who and what may be certified": [ 14, 15, 16 ], "the certifying person": [ 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 ], "the name and the civil bearer": [ 22, 23, 24 ], "enforcement and the stated limit": [ 25, 26, 27, 28 ], "the honor-system dispute": [ 29, 30, 31, 32 ], "absence of the mark, and the existence tax": [ 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 ], "the mark": [ 39, 40, 41, 42 ], "the public database": [ 43 ], "beside it": [ 44, 45 ], "the counterposition": [ 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 ], "machine participation declared": [ 52, 53, 54, 55 ], "the composition at the name": [ 56, 57, 58, 59 ] }, "case_by_sense": { "equal (one claim space; nothing translated)": [ "what it is", "genealogy", "how many", "the definition", "uses of AI, by part of the book", "who and what may be certified", "the certifying person", "the name and the civil bearer", "enforcement and the stated limit", "the honor-system dispute", "absence of the mark, and the existence tax", "the mark", "the public database", "beside it", "the counterposition", "machine participation declared", "the composition at the name" ] }, "carried": { "archive": 59, "field": 85, "not_composed": {} }, "conflict_log": [ { "rule": "D_pres vs channel", "result": "no cut: the KO carries every field and archive claim; the compression's body is within 350 words and every claim is on its rail or in its body or open block" } ] }, "field_claims": { "F1": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 1 snippet", "quote": "Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi...", "claim": "card 1: the certification requirements table, members against non-members, licensing agreement required for both, identity verification (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F2": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s1", "quote": "Human Authored is a project of the Authors Guild that allows an author to certify that their book is created by a human.", "claim": "a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that a book is created by a human", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "what it is: a certification of human authorship, with its mark and its public database", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F3": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s2", "quote": "“Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research.", "claim": "the definition on the program page: the text of the book written by a human and not generated by AI, minimal uses excepted (spelling and grammar checks, research)", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F4": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s3", "quote": "Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms.", "claim": "available to all authors of books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F5": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.", "claim": "membership is not required; the $10 per title fee and the identity verification requirement are waived for Guild members", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F6": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶", "quote": "Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details.", "claim": "certifications are listed in a public database, searchable by title, authors or registration number, where anyone can 'verify a book's human origins'", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F7": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Certification Requirements (table)", "quote": "Licensing Agreement Required Required Identity Verification Not required Required Cost Free! (included in dues) $10/title", "claim": "the requirements table: licence required of members and non-members; identity verification not required of members, required of non-members; free to members, $10 a title to others", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F8": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Get Started, Not a Member ¶2", "quote": "You will have to verify your identity through a third-party service and pay a $10/title registration fee.", "claim": "non-members verify identity through a third-party service and pay a $10 per title registration fee", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F9": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "heading and tagline", "quote": "Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.", "claim": "the program's tagline: 'Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world'", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F10": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "More Info", "quote": "Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program … FAQs about the Human Authored certification … Usage guidelines for the Human Author certification mark", "claim": "the page links the announcement of the expanded program, the FAQs and the mark's usage guidelines", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F11": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "footer", "quote": "© Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.", "claim": "the page is the Authors Guild's", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "operator: the Authors Guild", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F12": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 2 snippet", "quote": "Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ...", "claim": "card 2: certify books fully authored by humans, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI such as spelling and grammar checks and indices (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F13": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1", "quote": "Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.", "claim": "a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild, which an author may use to indicate that a book was written by a human and not generated by AI", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part", "mark": "internally_inconsistent (§4.3): the entity's own announcement (B6) gives 'a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office' (F76); card 3 gives 'pending registration' (F38) and quotes the Guild's 'pending registered certification mark' (F49)" }, "F14": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3", "quote": "The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.", "claim": "the author registers the book and agrees to licensing terms attesting that it contains no AI-generated text beyond a de minimis amount; each title receives its own registration number", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F15": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Program and Purpose: What does “Human Authored” mean?", "quote": "“Human Authored” means that the text of the work was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by GAI, except that a de minimis (e.g., very small or trifling) amount of text may be generated or modified by or with the use of generative AI, e.g., through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications or to create indices.", "claim": "the FAQ's definition: the text fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount of text generated or modified with generative AI excepted (spelling and grammar checks, indices)", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F16": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Program and Purpose: labeling backwards", "quote": "We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so.", "claim": "the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled; meanwhile its members wanted to distinguish their work, and the mark lets them", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F17": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: Who can sign up; I don’t live in the United States", "quote": "Human Authored certification is available to all authors of books published in the United States through the Authors Guild. For books published in the United Kingdom, visit the Society of Authors. … The Authors Guild certifies books published in the United States regardless of where you live.", "claim": "books published in the United States, wherever the author lives; for books published in the United Kingdom, the Society of Authors", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F18": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: collaborative work", "quote": "Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity.", "claim": "single- and multi-author works may be certified; each author of a multi-author work signs the agreement individually and, if not a member, pays and verifies identity", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F19": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: collaborative work s3; anthology", "quote": "Any author attempting to register a multi-author work will not be able to download the certification mark or receive a registration number until their co-author(s) have also completed the process. … An anthology must be registered using the same process as any other multi-author work.", "claim": "no mark or registration number for a multi-author work until every co-author has completed the process; an anthology is registered as a multi-author work", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F20": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: formats and editions", "quote": "A single certification applies to any format (hardcover, paperback, ebook) of the same work, regardless of there being different ISBNs. … Note that translations and audiobook narrations are separate copyrights that require separate certifications.", "claim": "one certification covers every format of the same work; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F21": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: existing and unpublished works; non-book content", "quote": "Authors may certify unpublished as well as published work. … Human Authored certification is currently only available for books, with plans to expand it to include articles and shorter works in the near future.", "claim": "published and unpublished works may be certified; only books at present, with articles and shorter works planned", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F22": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: de minimis", "quote": "We mirror the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance in this respect; more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text must be excluded from a copyright application and makes a work ineligible for Human Authored certification.", "claim": "the de minimis threshold mirrors the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on what must be excluded from a copyright application", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F23": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶1", "quote": "Using AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, provided the AI use is merely preparatory and no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.", "claim": "AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F24": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶2", "quote": "Although the Human Authored definition looks at the text only, use of AI to replace human creativity or in a way that affects your copyrightable expression, including to develop characters and plot, is incorporated in the text and falls outside of the spirit of Human Authored, even if no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.", "claim": "although the definition looks at the text only, AI used to replace human creativity or to develop characters and plot falls outside the program's spirit even with no AI-generated text in the work", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F25": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: editing", "quote": "The use of common AI-powered grammar and spell-check tools that make suggestions or changes at the word level, such as those provided by MS Word, is acceptable and does not disqualify a work from certification. Using AI to rewrite full sentences or in any way that incorporates more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text is not acceptable and makes the manuscript ineligible for Human Authored certification.", "claim": "word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable; AI that rewrites full sentences or adds more than a de minimis amount of text makes the manuscript ineligible", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F26": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents", "quote": "No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases.", "claim": "AI cover art goes against the program's spirit though it is outside the certified text; AI may supply a title or a table of contents or an index, since the certification covers only the body of the work", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F27": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Enforcement: misuse ¶1", "quote": "When an author registers to certify their book, they must sign an agreement promising, representing, and warranting that the work is Human Authored (as defined here and in the license agreement). … if someone executes a license and uses the mark for a work for which some or all of the text was generated by AI, it is a breach of the license, as well as infringement, and potentially fraudulent representation to the consumer.", "claim": "the author signs an agreement representing and warranting that the work is Human Authored; using the mark for AI-generated text is breach of licence, infringement and potentially fraud on the consumer", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F28": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2", "quote": "As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical", "claim": "the stated limit: no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material is known; the program is self-certification with enforcement against misuse", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F29": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s2 (measures)", "quote": "such as mandatory identity verification, limits on the number of new titles that can be registered in a year (exceptions will be made with express permission), the issuance of a unique registration number for each title, and a fee for use by non-members", "claim": "the measures against scammers: mandatory identity verification, a yearly limit on new titles, a unique registration number per title, a fee for non-members", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F30": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Enforcement: vetting ¶2", "quote": "Some people have expressed concern that a self-certifying system is just based on the honor system and not trustable. But self-certification is a standard practice in the publishing industry and in formal legal agreements more broadly.", "claim": "the Guild answers the honor-system objection: self-certification is standard in publishing and in legal agreements", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F31": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Registration: How do I obtain ¶3", "quote": "Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account.", "claim": "every author is identity-verified before registering; members are verified on joining the Guild, non-members through a third-party service", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F32": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Registration: Why do I have to be verified?", "quote": "To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards.", "claim": "verification ensures that the persons certifying that they are the authors are who they say they are; the service is Veriff", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F33": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Registration: cost; why a fee", "quote": "Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.", "claim": "members certify at no cost; the $10 fee for non-members supports sustainability and enforcement; AI detection software may be bought in future if a reliable one is found", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "prediction", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F34": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Usage of the Mark: updated logo", "quote": "The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025.", "claim": "an updated logo in March 2026; the first mark released in January 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F35": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Usage of the Mark: registration number", "quote": "Registering your work provides you with a registration number, but you do not always need to display the registration number in each use of the mark.", "claim": "the registration number need not appear in every use of the mark", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F36": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 3 snippet", "quote": "Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen...", "claim": "card 3: the full response of Mary Rasenberger, of the Authors Guild: fraudulent certification is prevented by a licence agreement every user signs (truncated)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F37": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s1–s2", "quote": "Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.", "claim": "the program, launched in January 2025 for members only, recently expanded to non-members; the UK's Society of Authors partners on it", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F38": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s4", "quote": "The logo and name are pending registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office and supported by a registration system that creates a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins.", "claim": "the logo and name are pending registration with the USPTO; a registration system creates the public database", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F39": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s5", "quote": "(Disclosure: I am a member of the Authors Guild and have a marketing partnership with them for my industry newsletter, The Bottom Line.)", "claim": "the writer discloses Guild membership and a marketing partnership with the Guild", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F40": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶3", "quote": "I have noticed a handful of competing efforts to certify human-written work, such as Verify My Writing. It uses Pangram, considered the industry leader in AI detection, to issue a human score (0–100) based on the likelihood and amount of human-written content.", "claim": "competing efforts certify human-written work by detection, such as Verify My Writing, which issues a human score with Pangram", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection services", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F41": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶4", "quote": "I find it problematic that certification is done on the honor system. That means the Authors Guild is not analyzing the manuscript for evidence of AI use but taking the author’s word for it.", "claim": "the critique: certification on the honor system takes the author's word and does not analyse the manuscript", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F42": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶5", "quote": "I heard from the Authors Guild’s CEO, Mary Rasenberger, who wrote me that no AI detection tool exists today that is sufficiently accurate for their purposes, but if and when that time comes, they will use it.", "claim": "the Guild's CEO: no AI detection tool is accurate enough today; one will be used when it is", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "prediction", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F43": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶7", "quote": "my hunch is that the number of works with some percentage of AI-generated or AI-assisted text within their pages is approaching 25 to 50 percent for nonfiction in particular and may soon be the majority.", "claim": "the writer's hunch, from small presses' detector use: works with some AI-generated or AI-assisted text approach 25 to 50 percent of nonfiction", "modality": "hypothesis", "kind": "prediction", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F44": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶8", "quote": "I also don’t see evidence in the market that human authorship certification means anything (yet) to readers.", "claim": "the writer sees no evidence that human-authorship certification means anything to readers yet", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F45": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶9 s1", "quote": "Personally, I believe this desire for certification says more about people who desire to broadcast a strong anti-AI stance or who don’t feel secure in the current market.", "claim": "the writer's reading of the demand for certification", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F46": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶10 s1", "quote": "I also have concerns about false accusations by authors against other authors they don’t like (it’s already a well-worn insult on social media to accuse writers, or anyone, of using AI)", "claim": "the writer's concern: false accusations of AI use between authors, already a common insult", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F47": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶11", "quote": "Meanwhile, other people have argued that the Authors Guild has this notification system backward—that it’s AI-created work that should be labeled as such. One author wrote, “What if I step into a bookstore and I see some books with the Authors Guild’s Human Authored Certification Mark on them; will that mean that all those other books that don’t have the mark mean they were created by AI?", "claim": "others argue the labelling is backward; one author asks whether unmarked books will be taken as created by AI", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F48": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶1", "quote": "We created this program because our members asked for it.", "claim": "the Guild's response: the program was created because members asked for it", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F49": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶2", "quote": "We have a pending registered certification mark with the US Trademark Office … It is a licensed trademark program—not a logo that anyone can freely use.", "claim": "the Guild's response: a pending registered certification mark; a licensed trademark program", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F50": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶3", "quote": "We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked.", "claim": "the Guild's response: four protections against scammers (third-party verification of non-members, a yearly cap, a small fee, a registration number in a searchable database)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F51": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶4", "quote": "We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreement for each title registered that makes the user represent and warrant that the title was “Human Authored”—meaning the text of the work itself (excluding the table of contents or index) was written by one or more humans (excepting de minimis use for spell check and editing).", "claim": "the Guild's response: a licence per title in which the user represents and warrants the definition (the text itself, table of contents and index excluded; de minimis use for spell check and editing excepted)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F52": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶4 s2", "quote": "if a licensee-author registers a book that the author knows contains AI generated text, they will be liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement, and likely consumer fraud under various laws.", "claim": "the Guild's response: a licensee who knowingly registers AI-generated text is liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement and likely consumer fraud", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F53": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶5", "quote": "I know you find the notion of “self-certification” meaningless because people will not be honest. But we do not agree. First, in our experience, most authors are honest and also are concerned about liability.", "claim": "the Guild's response to the honor-system critique: most authors are honest and concerned about liability", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F54": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶7–8 (the fee)", "quote": "We currently are charging members $10. … Members are verified when they join, so this only applies to non-members. There is a cost of around $2 a person.", "claim": "the Guild's response on the fee: 'We currently are charging members $10'; members are verified on joining; verification costs about $2 a person", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part", "mark": "internally_inconsistent (§4.3): the same letter's next lines apply the verification cost to non-members only, and the entity's own pages give certification free to members (F5, F7, F33)" }, "F55": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶7 (purpose of the fee)", "quote": "We do not expect to break even from this project, much less earn money from it.", "claim": "the Guild's response: the program is not expected to break even", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "self-description", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F56": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "closing ¶ and date line", "quote": "March 17, 2026March 16, 2026 by Jane Friedman … While I still believe this certification has negligible value in the market", "claim": "the post (Jane Friedman, March 2026) still holds the certification to have negligible market value", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F57": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 4 snippet", "quote": "Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...", "claim": "card 4: a certification mark indicating that a book's text was fully human-written, de minimis AI grammar and spelling tools excepted (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F58": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license.", "claim": "the mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 d1449d6bd237a8a2…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F59": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "The certification mark may only be used in connection with literary works for which the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications).", "claim": "the mark only for literary works whose text was fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount excepted", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 d1449d6bd237a8a2…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F60": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶3; Location; Size", "quote": "Violation of the usage guidelines is violation of the license agreement. … Anywhere on the front or back cover of the registered work, though typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover; … Size: Do not show the certification mark bigger than 1 inch or smaller than 1/4 inch in diameter.", "claim": "violating the usage guidelines violates the licence; the mark goes on front or back cover, typically the bottom corner of the back, between 1/4 inch and 1 inch across", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 d1449d6bd237a8a2…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F61": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 5 snippet", "quote": "Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as \"Human Authored\" if the text was fully wr...", "claim": "card 5: under the program's guidelines a work qualifies if the text was fully written (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F62": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "byline; ¶1", "quote": "By Ed Nawotka | Mar 04, 2026 The Authors Guild announced it has expanded its \"Human Authored\" certification program beyond its own membership to any author whose books are published in the United States. The organization also said that U.S. publishers will be able to purchase certifications in bulk beginning this month, and released an updated logo for the program.", "claim": "Publishers Weekly, 4 March 2026: the program expanded beyond membership to any author of books published in the United States; publishers to buy certifications in bulk that month; an updated logo", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F63": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.", "claim": "launched in beta for members in January 2025; a trademarked seal for authors and publishers to signal that the text was written by a human", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F64": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶3", "quote": "Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger said that since its launch last year, more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles under the program.", "claim": "the CEO: more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles since the launch", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "how many: authors and titles certified", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F65": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶4 (Rasenberger)", "quote": "In the absence of a ruling of some kind that would force AI-generated books to be labeled as such, this is the next best solution.", "claim": "the CEO: absent a ruling forcing AI-generated books to be labelled, this is the next best solution", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F66": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶5", "quote": "Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as \"Human Authored\" if the text was fully written by one or more humans, with an explicit exception for AI-powered spelling and grammar tools. Use of AI for tables of contents, indexes, research, brainstorming, or outlining does not disqualify a title.", "claim": "under the guidelines: text fully written by one or more humans, AI spelling and grammar tools excepted; AI for contents, indexes, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F67": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶6", "quote": "Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.", "claim": "registration, third-party verification, licence and fee; free for members, 'who are pre-verified'; formats covered, translations and audiobooks separate; published and unpublished eligible; ten titles a year without special permission", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F68": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶7", "quote": "Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words \"Human Authored\" and the tagline \"Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World\"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.", "claim": "a registration number per title in a public database; the mark, a silhouette encircled by 'Human Authored' with the tagline 'Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World', on covers, the copyright page and in marketing", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F69": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶8", "quote": "In June 2024, Created by Humans launched to offer similar self-verification and collective AI-licensing opportunities. Later that year, the company partnered with the Authors Guild, bringing Rasenberger on as an advisor. In 2025, Books by People started in the U.K., offering publishers a visible stamp for book covers, a certification ID, and a listing in a public directory.", "claim": "beside it: Created by Humans (June 2024, self-verification and AI licensing, partnered with the Guild, its CEO an advisor) and Books by People (UK, 2025, a stamp, an ID and a public directory)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection services", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F70": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶9", "quote": "Rasenberger acknowledged that the Human Authored program does not currently vet manuscripts themselves for AI content prior to issuing certification and noted that no reliable detection method currently exists.", "claim": "the program does not vet manuscripts for AI content before certifying; no reliable detection method exists", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F71": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "title and date", "quote": "Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program March 2, 2026", "claim": "the Guild's press release of 2 March 2026 on the expanded program", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F72": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The program was launched in beta exclusively for members in January 2025, based on demand, and today the Authors Guild announces its expansion to all authors whose books are published in the United States. Next week, the Authors Guild will open the program up to U.S. publishers to purchase certifications in bulk.", "claim": "the beta for members in January 2025, the expansion to all authors of US-published books on 2 March 2026, publishers in bulk the next week", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F73": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶3 s2", "quote": "We believe that book consumers have the right to know whether a book they are purchasing or borrowing from a library was written by a human or was generated using AI.", "claim": "the Guild's ground: consumers have a right to know whether a book was written by a human or generated using AI", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F74": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶4 (the definition)", "quote": "A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored.", "claim": "the announcement's definition: text fully authored by one or more human beings, de minimis excepted; AI for auxiliary parts, research, brainstorming, outlining or any purpose other than generating text does not disqualify", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F75": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶6", "quote": "Since its initial beta launch for Guild members, the Human Authored certification has already gained remarkable traction in the publishing industry. Authors Guild members have added the certification to thousands of books", "claim": "members have added the certification to thousands of books since the beta", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "how many: authors and titles certified", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F76": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Program Details ¶1", "quote": "The Human Authored logo is a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office. The certification remains restricted to works where the text was written by humans.", "claim": "the logo is a certification mark with a pending USPTO application; the certification restricted to works whose text was written by humans", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F77": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Program Details ¶2–4", "quote": "Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.", "claim": "the public can check a title in the database; ten titles a year unless permitted; every author signs a licence", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F78": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Program Details ¶5 (Rasenberger)", "quote": "By opening this program to all authors nationwide, we’re empowering writers to take control of their professional identity and offering peace of mind for readers who want to support human authors and experience genuine human storytelling.", "claim": "the CEO: the expansion lets writers 'take control of their professional identity'", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "self-description", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F79": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Human_Authored, raw wikitext (HTTP 200)", "quote": "#REDIRECT [[Authors Guild#Human Authored]]", "claim": "English Wikipedia's 'Human Authored' redirects to the section 'Human Authored' of the article Authors Guild", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 799a3fc43da49869…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F80": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Human_Authored_Certification, raw (HTTP 404)", "quote": "title=Human_Authored_Certification&action=raw : HTTP 404", "claim": "no article under the program's full name", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 799a3fc43da49869…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F81": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Authors Guild § Human Authored", "quote": "The certification is available for books published in the United States, and is free for members of the guild and available for a fee ($10 {{as of|2026|lc=yes}}) for non-members. Books with this certification are listed in an open-access database which can be checked online.", "claim": "the section: US-published books, free to members, $10 as of 2026 for others; an open-access database", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 799a3fc43da49869…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F82": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Authors Guild § Human Authored, s3 and its reference", "quote": "Kit Eaton, writing in ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'' in October 2024 ahead of the launch of the project, suggested that the certification would be akin to food being labeled \"[[Organic certification|organic]]\".", "claim": "the section: Kit Eaton (Inc., October 2024) likened the certification to labelling food 'organic'", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 799a3fc43da49869…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F83": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "search page ¶1 (the definition)", "quote": "“Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses, such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for brainstorming or research.", "claim": "the database page's definition: minimal uses include spelling and grammar checks, brainstorming and research", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 be27ea018cd24ad8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F84": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "search page ¶2", "quote": "This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page).", "claim": "the database: search by title, author or registration number, usually on the copyright page", "modality": "documented", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 be27ea018cd24ad8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F85": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "search page ¶3", "quote": "Please note that a lack of results for a title simply means that the work has not been registered as Human Authored, not that it is generated by AI.", "claim": "the stated limit: no result means only that the work is not registered, never that it is generated by AI", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 be27ea018cd24ad8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" } }, "field_sources": { "B1": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification", "B2": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ", "B3": "Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response", "B4": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines", "B5": "Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program", "B6": "The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)", "B7": "Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification')", "B8": "The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page)" } }, "P": { "title": "Human Authored Certification", "lede": { "text": "is the Authors Guild's certification that a human wrote a book's text, minimal uses of AI excepted, given by the author under licence, marked on the book and listed by registration number in a public database; it records the author's own certification and vets no manuscript, and the authorship census holds it as a counterposition, with the name a certification carries unrecorded.", "claims": [ "F2", "F3", "F15", "F14", "F6", "F28", "F70", "LS-02", "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-16" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "📜", "head": "Definition and uses", "items": [ { "label": "Text:", "text": "'fully authored by one or more human beings', a de minimis amount excepted (Copyright Office threshold).", "claims": [ "F15", "F59", "F74", "F22", "F12", "F57", "F61", "F83", "LS-13" ] }, { "label": "AI allowed:", "text": "spelling and grammar, contents, index, title, research; outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level'.", "claims": [ "F66", "F23", "F25", "F26" ] }, { "label": "Outside the spirit:", "text": "AI cover art; AI-developed characters and plot.", "claims": [ "F24", "F26" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🪪", "head": "Who certifies", "items": [ { "label": "Scope:", "text": "books published in the US, any format; translations and audiobooks separate; every co-author signs.", "claims": [ "F4", "F17", "F20", "F21", "F18", "F19", "LS-04", "LS-05" ] }, { "label": "Terms:", "text": "licence per title; non-members Veriff and $10 a title; members free, verified on joining.", "claims": [ "F7", "F1", "F8", "F5", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F67", "F54", "F77", "LS-08", "LS-10", "CAP-1-02" ] }, { "label": "Name:", "text": "the person 'who they say they are'; no stated rule on pen names (census).", "claims": [ "F32", "F78", "LS-07", "LS-15", "O940-01", "O940-04", "O940-05", "O940-08" ] } ] }, { "icon": "⚖️", "head": "Enforcement", "items": [ { "label": "Licence:", "text": "breach, infringement, fraud.", "claims": [ "F27", "F51", "F52", "F36" ] }, { "label": "Limit:", "text": "no reliable AI test; no vetting; ten titles a year.", "claims": [ "F28", "F70", "F42", "F29", "F50", "LS-18", "LS-09" ] }, { "label": "Dispute:", "text": "Friedman's honor-system critique; the Guild's reply.", "claims": [ "F41", "F39", "F56", "F44", "F43", "F45", "F30", "F53", "F55" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🔎", "head": "Mark and database", "items": [ { "label": "Mark:", "text": "silhouette in a circle; registered (FAQ) or pending (announcement).", "claims": [ "F58", "F68", "F60", "F35", "F13", "F76", "F38", "F49", "F9" ] }, { "label": "Lookup:", "text": "no result means unregistered, 'not that it is generated by AI'.", "claims": [ "F85", "F84", "F6", "F77", "LS-14", "LS-20", "LS-22" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🕰️", "head": "History and field", "items": [ { "label": "Dates:", "text": "beta January 2025; all US authors 2 March 2026; 3,000+ authors, 5,000 titles (CEO).", "claims": [ "F72", "F71", "F34", "F37", "F62", "F63", "F64", "F75", "F10", "F48", "F16", "LS-11", "LS-12", "CAP-1-05" ] }, { "label": "Beside it:", "text": "Created by Humans, Books by People, Society of Authors, Verify My Writing; Wikipedia a section only.", "claims": [ "F69", "F40", "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82", "F47", "F65", "F73" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🧭", "head": "The archive's reading", "items": [ { "label": "Position:", "text": "a legitimate market signal and a poor theory of authorship: 'an accountability structure'.", "claims": [ "D729-01", "D729-02", "D729-03", "D729-04", "D729-05", "D729-06", "D729-07", "D729-08", "D729-09" ] }, { "label": "Boundary:", "text": "machine participation constitutive of a work finds no certifiable place; the archive's own deposits declare it.", "claims": [ "LS-16", "LS-17", "D729-10", "D1540-01", "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04", "O940-02", "O940-03", "O940-06", "O940-07" ] }, { "label": "Existence tax:", "text": "an absent mark or an accusation of AI use asks a maker to prove the work exists as what it is.", "claims": [ "F46", "O1722-01", "O1722-02", "O1722-03", "O1722-04", "O1722-05", "O1722-06", "O1722-07" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🗂️", "head": "At the name", "items": [ { "label": "Overview (1 Nov 2026):", "text": "the certificate at its grain; minimal uses widened; the name unreached.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "LS-01", "LS-03", "LS-19", "LS-21", "F11" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Under what name may an author certify: does a certification carry a pen name, a pseudonym or a heteronym, and does the database list it under the name on the book or the name the identity check verified?", "rests_on": [ "LS-07", "LS-15", "LS-17", "F32", "F31", "F84", "O940-04", "O940-05", "O1722-06" ], "modality": "documented (census: not on the saved page); stipulation (FAQ, database page); stipulation and interpretation (#940, #1722)", "would_resolve": "the licensing agreement, read whole; a lookup in the public database of a title certified under a pen name; a statement by the Guild" }, { "question": "Is the mark registered or pending with the US Patent and Trademark Office?", "rests_on": [ "F13", "F76", "F38", "F49" ], "modality": "stipulation (FAQ) against documented (announcement) and attributed (Friedman, the Guild's letter)", "would_resolve": "the USPTO record for the mark" }, { "question": "Are Guild members charged the $10 fee?", "rests_on": [ "F54", "F5", "F7", "F33", "F67" ], "modality": "attributed (the Guild's letter, internally inconsistent) against documented and self-description (program page, FAQ, Publishers Weekly)", "would_resolve": "the portal's fee schedule; a statement by the Guild" }, { "question": "How far may outlining and brainstorming with AI go: 'only at a very high level' (FAQ) or without limit stated (announcement, Publishers Weekly, database page)?", "rests_on": [ "F23", "F74", "F66", "F83", "F3", "CAP-1-03" ], "modality": "stipulation (FAQ, announcement, database page); documented (Publishers Weekly)", "would_resolve": "the licensing agreement's definition, read whole" }, { "question": "Would the program's adoption of detection software bring it under the archive's reading of classifier-enforced human-only policies?", "rests_on": [ "F33", "F42", "F28", "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04" ], "modality": "self-description and attributed prediction (the Guild); hypothesis and stipulation (#1540)", "would_resolve": "a later statement or page of the program naming a detector; a later capture at the address" }, { "question": "Can a work whose making declares machine participation, as the archive's do, be certified at all, or only its human-written parts?", "rests_on": [ "LS-17", "D729-10", "D1540-01", "F15", "F24", "F18" ], "modality": "interpretation (census); self-description and documented (#729, #1540); stipulation (FAQ)", "would_resolve": "the licensing agreement; a statement by the Guild on works of declared mixed composition" } ], "rail": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a certification of human authorship, with its mark and its public database", "claims": [ "F2", "LS-01" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "claims": [ "F3", "F12", "F15", "F22", "F59", "F61", "F74", "F83", "LS-05", "LS-13" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "claims": [ "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F66" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "claims": [ "F4", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "LS-11" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "claims": [ "F1", "F5", "F7", "F8", "F31", "F32", "F54", "F67", "LS-08", "LS-10" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "claims": [ "F14", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F33", "F42", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F55", "F70", "LS-04" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "claims": [ "F6", "F35", "F68", "F77", "F84", "F85" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "claims": [ "F13", "F38", "F49", "F57", "F58", "F60", "F76" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "claims": [ "F10", "F34", "F37", "F62", "F63", "F71", "F72", "LS-12" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "how many: authors and titles certified", "claims": [ "F64", "F75" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "claims": [ "F9", "F16", "F47", "F48", "F65", "F73", "F78" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "claims": [ "F30", "F36", "F39", "F41", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46", "F53", "F56" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection services", "claims": [ "F40", "F69" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "claims": [ "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82" ], "earliest": "B7" }, { "lineage": "operator: the Authors Guild", "claims": [ "F11", "LS-22" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08" ], "earliest": "capture" }, { "lineage": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "claims": [ "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-14", "LS-18", "LS-19", "LS-20", "LS-21" ], "earliest": "LS" }, { "lineage": "the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds", "claims": [ "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-09", "LS-15" ], "earliest": "LS" }, { "lineage": "the archive's reading: the counterposition", "claims": [ "LS-16", "LS-17" ], "earliest": "LS" }, { "lineage": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "claims": [ "D729-01", "D729-02", "D729-03", "D729-04", "D729-05", "D729-06", "D729-07", "D729-08", "D729-09", "D729-10" ], "earliest": 729 }, { "lineage": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "claims": [ "O940-01", "O940-02", "O940-03", "O940-04", "O940-05", "O940-06", "O940-07", "O940-08" ], "earliest": 940 }, { "lineage": "the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)", "claims": [ "O1722-01", "O1722-02", "O1722-03", "O1722-04", "O1722-05", "O1722-06", "O1722-07" ], "earliest": 1722 }, { "lineage": "certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)", "claims": [ "D1540-01", "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04" ], "earliest": 1540 } ], "body_words": 300, "genre": "the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the v0.10 knowledge object; it faces on the card, with AIO's transcript a record within it", "status": "composed 2026-11-01 from the v0.10 knowledge object; not frozen", "entity": "Composed under v0.10, equal case (ρ = extends): KO_B sentences surviving 0 of 13; every field claim composed as received, with the archive's claims beside it in one claim space." }, "P_B": { "title": "Human Authored Certification", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (cards, own pages, Wikipedia)", "status": "composed 2026-11-01 from the field ledger alone; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "is the Authors Guild's certification that a human wrote a book's text, a de minimis use of AI excepted, given by the author under licence with identity verification, marked on the book and listed by registration number in a public database; the Guild vets no manuscript.", "claims": [ "F2", "F15", "F14", "F6", "F31", "F28", "F70" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "📜", "head": "Definition", "items": [ { "label": "Text:", "text": "fully authored by one or more humans; spelling, grammar, index, research allowed; outlining and brainstorming at a high level.", "claims": [ "F15", "F3", "F59", "F74", "F66", "F23", "F22", "F83", "F12", "F57", "F61", "F25", "F26", "F24" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🪪", "head": "Terms", "items": [ { "label": "Who:", "text": "US-published books; every co-author signs; translations separate.", "claims": [ "F4", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21" ] }, { "label": "Cost:", "text": "members free; others $10 a title and Veriff.", "claims": [ "F7", "F1", "F8", "F5", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F67", "F54", "F77" ] }, { "label": "Enforcement:", "text": "licence; no reliable AI test; ten titles a year.", "claims": [ "F27", "F51", "F52", "F36", "F28", "F70", "F29", "F50", "F42", "F14" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🕰️", "head": "History and reception", "items": [ { "label": "Dates:", "text": "beta January 2025; expanded 2 March 2026; 5,000 titles.", "claims": [ "F72", "F71", "F34", "F37", "F62", "F63", "F64", "F75", "F10", "F48", "F16", "F73", "F65", "F9", "F78" ] }, { "label": "Critique:", "text": "Friedman on the honor system; the Guild's reply; no result in the database is no verdict of AI.", "claims": [ "F41", "F39", "F56", "F44", "F43", "F45", "F46", "F30", "F53", "F55", "F47", "F85", "F84" ] }, { "label": "Mark:", "text": "registered (FAQ) or pending; rivals; Wikipedia a section.", "claims": [ "F58", "F68", "F60", "F35", "F13", "F38", "F49", "F76", "F69", "F40", "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82", "F11", "F6" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Is the mark registered or pending?", "rests_on": [ "F13", "F76", "F38", "F49" ], "modality": "stipulation against documented and attributed", "would_resolve": "the USPTO record" }, { "question": "Are members charged the fee?", "rests_on": [ "F54", "F5", "F33" ], "modality": "attributed against documented", "would_resolve": "the portal's fee schedule" } ], "rail": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a certification of human authorship, with its mark and its public database", "claims": [ "F2" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "claims": [ "F3", "F12", "F15", "F22", "F59", "F61", "F74", "F83" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "claims": [ "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F66" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "claims": [ "F4", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "claims": [ "F1", "F5", "F7", "F8", "F31", "F32", "F54", "F67" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "claims": [ "F14", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F33", "F42", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F55", "F70" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "claims": [ "F6", "F35", "F68", "F77", "F84", "F85" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "claims": [ "F13", "F38", "F49", "F57", "F58", "F60", "F76" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "claims": [ "F10", "F34", "F37", "F62", "F63", "F71", "F72" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "how many: authors and titles certified", "claims": [ "F64", "F75" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "claims": [ "F9", "F16", "F47", "F48", "F65", "F73", "F78" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "claims": [ "F30", "F36", "F39", "F41", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46", "F53", "F56" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection services", "claims": [ "F40", "F69" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "claims": [ "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82" ], "earliest": "B7" }, { "lineage": "operator: the Authors Guild", "claims": [ "F11" ], "earliest": "B1" } ], "body_words": 132, "entity": "With no archive claim admitted, the entry is the certification at its own pages' and its cards' resolution: what it certifies, its uses of AI, its terms, enforcement and limit, its dispute, its mark and database, its history and the field beside it." }, "KO_B": { "title": "Human Authored Certification", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "knowledge object", "status": "composed 2026-11-01; not frozen", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "text": "Human Authored Certification is a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that the text of a book was written by a human, under a registered or pending certification mark and a licence, with each certified title listed by registration number in a public database.", "claims": [ "F2", "F13", "F14", "F6", "F11", "F76" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "text": "The program launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025 and was expanded on 2 March 2026 to every author of books published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk; Publishers Weekly reported more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified.", "claims": [ "F72", "F71", "F34", "F37", "F62", "F63", "F64", "F75", "F10" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 0, "text": "The Guild says it made the program because members asked to distinguish their work, that consumers have a right to know whether a book was written by a human, and that books with significant AI-generated content should themselves be labelled.", "claims": [ "F48", "F16", "F73", "F65", "F9", "F78" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 1, "text": "The text must be fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount of AI-generated or AI-modified text excepted, a threshold the FAQ ties to the Copyright Office; the program page and the database page give shorter forms naming spelling and grammar checks, research and brainstorming.", "claims": [ "F15", "F59", "F74", "F22", "F3", "F83", "F12", "F57", "F61" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "text": "AI for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, outlining and brainstorming only at a very high level; AI that rewrites sentences disqualifies it, and AI cover art or AI-developed characters and plot fall outside the program's spirit.", "claims": [ "F66", "F23", "F25", "F26", "F24" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 2, "text": "Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live, the Society of Authors serving the United Kingdom; one certification covers every format, translations and audiobooks need their own, published and unpublished books qualify, and only books are certified now.", "claims": [ "F4", "F17", "F20", "F21" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 2, "text": "Every author of a multi-author work or anthology signs separately before any receives the mark or number.", "claims": [ "F18", "F19" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 3, "text": "Every author signs a licence for each title; non-members verify identity through Veriff and pay $10 a title, while members, verified on joining, certify free, though the Guild's letter to Jane Friedman says members are charged $10.", "claims": [ "F7", "F1", "F8", "F5", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F67", "F54", "F77" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 3, "text": "The licence makes misuse a breach, a trademark infringement and potentially consumer fraud; the Guild knows no reliable test for AI-generated text, vets no manuscript, and relies on identity checks, a ten-title yearly cap, registration numbers, the database and the fee, with detection software possible later.", "claims": [ "F27", "F51", "F52", "F36", "F28", "F70", "F29", "F50", "F42", "F14" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 4, "text": "Jane Friedman, who discloses a marketing partnership with the Guild, criticised certification on the honor system and doubted its market value, guessed that a quarter to a half of nonfiction now holds some AI text, and worried about false accusations of AI use; the Guild replied that self-certification is standard and most authors are honest, and expects no profit.", "claims": [ "F41", "F39", "F56", "F44", "F43", "F45", "F46", "F30", "F53", "F55" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 4, "text": "Others argue that AI-generated books should be labelled in its place and ask whether unmarked books will be read as AI-made; the database page says a missing result means only that a work is unregistered, never that it is AI-generated.", "claims": [ "F47", "F85", "F84" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 5, "text": "The mark, a human silhouette circled by the words Human Authored, goes on covers, copyright pages and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; the FAQ calls it registered, the announcement and Friedman pending.", "claims": [ "F58", "F68", "F60", "F35", "F13", "F38", "F49", "F9" ] }, { "n": 13, "para": 5, "text": "Created by Humans, Books by People and detector-based services such as Verify My Writing offer comparable certifications, and Wikipedia covers the program only in a section of its article on the Authors Guild, which cites Kit Eaton's likening of it to an organic label.", "claims": [ "F69", "F40", "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82" ] } ] }, "L_B": { "words": 559, "text": "Human Authored Certification is a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that the text of a book was written by a human, under a registered or pending certification mark and a licence, with each certified title listed by registration number in a public database. The program launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025 and was expanded on 2 March 2026 to every author of books published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk; Publishers Weekly reported more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified. The Guild says it made the program because members asked to distinguish their work, that consumers have a right to know whether a book was written by a human, and that books with significant AI-generated content should themselves be labelled. The text must be fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount of AI-generated or AI-modified text excepted, a threshold the FAQ ties to the Copyright Office; the program page and the database page give shorter forms naming spelling and grammar checks, research and brainstorming. AI for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, outlining and brainstorming only at a very high level; AI that rewrites sentences disqualifies it, and AI cover art or AI-developed characters and plot fall outside the program's spirit. Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live, the Society of Authors serving the United Kingdom; one certification covers every format, translations and audiobooks need their own, published and unpublished books qualify, and only books are certified now. Every author of a multi-author work or anthology signs separately before any receives the mark or number. Every author signs a licence for each title; non-members verify identity through Veriff and pay $10 a title, while members, verified on joining, certify free, though the Guild's letter to Jane Friedman says members are charged $10. The licence makes misuse a breach, a trademark infringement and potentially consumer fraud; the Guild knows no reliable test for AI-generated text, vets no manuscript, and relies on identity checks, a ten-title yearly cap, registration numbers, the database and the fee, with detection software possible later. Jane Friedman, who discloses a marketing partnership with the Guild, criticised certification on the honor system and doubted its market value, guessed that a quarter to a half of nonfiction now holds some AI text, and worried about false accusations of AI use; the Guild replied that self-certification is standard and most authors are honest, and expects no profit. Others argue that AI-generated books should be labelled in its place and ask whether unmarked books will be read as AI-made; the database page says a missing result means only that a work is unregistered, never that it is AI-generated. The mark, a human silhouette circled by the words Human Authored, goes on covers, copyright pages and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; the FAQ calls it registered, the announcement and Friedman pending. Created by Humans, Books by People and detector-based services such as Verify My Writing offer comparable certifications, and Wikipedia covers the program only in a section of its article on the Authors Guild, which cites Kit Eaton's likening of it to an organic label.", "note": "L_F(B), the field composed in the field's ontology (§0.4), realized as KO_B; its rail is P_B's" }, "L_BA": { "words": 2333, "text": "Human Authored is the Authors Guild's certification of books whose text a human wrote: an author certifies a book under licence, may then carry the Guild's certification mark on it, and has the title listed under its own registration number in a public database. The leesharks.com authorship census holds it as a counterposition, a policy whose question is a boundary assertion: whether an author has certified that a book's text was written by a human, on the Guild's definition. Its unit is one title with its registration number, its object the books published in the United States whose authors so certify; it is no test or detection of AI text, no copyright registration, open to non-members, and confined to the text of a book. The program opened in beta for Guild members in January 2025, when the first mark was released, and on 2 March 2026 the Guild announced its expansion to every author whose books are published in the United States, with publishers to buy certifications in bulk the following week. Publishers Weekly reported the expansion on 4 March 2026 with an updated logo; the program page links the announcement, which the census record lists as linked and unread, recording no launch date on the saved page, and the Capture Registry identifies the Publishers Weekly card as that expansion. By the Guild's account the program was made because its members asked for a way to distinguish their work. Its CEO, Mary Rasenberger, gave Publishers Weekly a count of more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles certified since the launch; the announcement speaks of thousands of books, and the census record states no count. The entity's own pages state the definition in several forms, each centred on the text: on the program page the text of the book 'was written by a human and not generated by AI', minimal uses such as spelling and grammar checks or research excepted, and the database page adds brainstorming to the minimal uses. The FAQ, the usage guidelines and the announcement require the text to be 'fully authored by one or more human beings', a de minimis amount of text generated or modified with AI excepted, and the FAQ ties that threshold to the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on what a copyright application must exclude. The census record keeps the program page's form as the record's limits: minimal uses excepted, books published in the United States under licence, and the text of the book. AI used for a table of contents, an index, a title, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify a work, by the announcement and Publishers Weekly; the FAQ allows outlining and brainstorming 'only at a very high level', merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work. Word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable and AI that rewrites full sentences is not; AI cover art, though outside the certified text, goes against the program's spirit, and so does AI used to develop characters and plot where no AI-generated text appears, although the definition 'looks at the text only'. The archive's packet on authorship and provenance places the certification in the position of AI-free human authorship, defining human-authored work by excluding generative AI from textual production with narrow exceptions. Authors of books published in the United States may certify wherever they live; books published in the United Kingdom are referred to the Society of Authors, which partners on the program. One certification covers every format of a work, translations and audiobook narrations need their own, published and unpublished books are eligible, and only books are certified at present, articles and shorter works planned. A multi-author work or an anthology is certified only when every author has signed individually, each non-member paying and verifying identity, and no co-author receives the mark or the number before all have completed the process. Every author signs a licensing agreement for each title; non-members verify their identity through a third-party service, Veriff, and pay $10 a title, while members certify at no cost and the program page waives the identity verification requirement for them. The FAQ and Publishers Weekly give the waiver its ground: members are verified when they join the Guild, 'pre-verified' in Publishers Weekly's word, and every author's identity is verified before a book is registered. In the Guild's letter printed by Jane Friedman the fee reads 'We currently are charging members $10', while the same letter applies the verification cost, about $2 a person, to non-members only. The verification exists, by the FAQ, so that the persons who certify that they are the authors 'are in fact who they say they are', and the announcement has the CEO speak of writers taking 'control of their professional identity'. What the certificate keeps is the author's own certification that a human wrote the text; the census record finds that the saved page does not say whether a certification may carry a pen name, and that a certified text is never shown to have been written without AI. On the archive's account of authorship under civil names, the metadata that lets a work be attributed to human authorship attaches to legal names, and the classifier of legitimate authorship reads legal-name attribution as its first signal. The archive distinguishes a pseudonym, whose function is traceable to the civil identity behind it, from a heteronym, whose function is attributable through the civil bearer without being reducible to that bearer, who stays accountable for custody, legal responsibility, rights and adjudication. On the census's reading the certificate binds the non-member's claim to an identity check, and the saved page leaves open whether it carries the name the author chose. By the licence the author represents and warrants that the work is Human Authored; a licensee who uses the mark on AI-generated text is in breach of the licence and liable for trademark infringement and, by the FAQ potentially and by the Guild's letter likely, for consumer fraud. The Guild states that it knows no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material: the program is self-certification with enforcement, vets no manuscript before certifying, and may adopt detection software if a reliable one is found. Its stated measures against misuse are identity verification, a limit of ten new titles a year without permission, a registration number for each title, the public database and the fee. The census record accordingly holds the certificate to be no test of AI text and constitutes its function as self-certification under licence, covering the text. Jane Friedman, a Guild member with a marketing partnership with it, found certification on the honor system problematic because it takes the author's word and analyses no manuscript, and still held its market value negligible. The Guild answered that self-certification is standard in publishing and in legal agreements, that most authors are honest and concerned about liability, and that the program is not expected to break even. Friedman reported a hunch, from small presses' use of a detector, that works with some AI-generated or AI-assisted text approach 25 to 50 percent of nonfiction, and read the demand for certification as a sign of anti-AI conviction or of insecurity in the market. Others argued that the labelling runs backward, and one author asked whether books without the mark would be taken as created by AI; the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled, holds that consumers have a right to know, and its CEO calls the certification the next best solution absent a ruling that forces such labels. The database page answers the bookstore question for its own records: a lack of results means only that a work has not been registered as Human Authored, 'not that it is generated by AI'. Friedman's further concern, false accusations of AI use between authors, already a common insult, is the case the archive names the existence tax: before anyone talks about the work, its maker has to prove again that it exists, and exists as what it is. The archive keeps four questions apart, whether the maker exists, whether the work happened, whether it is true and what kind of work it is, and finds the tax levied when evidence on one is spent as an answer to another. On the census's reading the certificate answers a verdict of fakeness with the author's own certification. The archive finds the tax falling on the independent, the new, the unaccredited, the heteronymous and the small, and its remedy for a maker is a documentary layer dated, deposited and linked, against which an answer can be checked. An adequate answer, on its account, names the object at its own level, a person or a pen name among them, and shows its evidence; it holds a heteronym declared where a Sybil attack hides one actor behind many, its registry published with the orthonym, the roles and the dates. The mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette, issued in an updated form in March 2026; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence before using it. It may go on the front or back cover, typically a bottom corner of the back, on the copyright page with the registration number, which not every use need display, and in listings and marketing for the registered title, between a quarter of an inch and an inch across; violating the usage guidelines violates the licence. Its trademark status is stated two ways: the FAQ calls it a registered certification mark, while the announcement, Friedman and the Guild's own letter give a pending application with the US Patent and Trademark Office. Publishers Weekly gives its tagline as 'Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World'; the program page's line is 'Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world'. The public database lists each certified title, searchable by title, author or registration number, the number usually printed on the copyright page, so that anyone can check a use of the mark and report misuse; it answers whether a named book is certified, and the census record ran no lookup in it. Beside it stand other certifications of human authorship: Created by Humans, from June 2024, which later partnered with the Guild and took its CEO as an adviser; Books by People in the United Kingdom, from 2025; the Society of Authors' scheme; and services such as Verify My Writing, which scores a manuscript for human content with a detector. Wikipedia has no article on the program: 'Human Authored' redirects to a section of the article on the Authors Guild, which gives the program page's definition, the fee as of 2026 and the open database, and cites Kit Eaton's comparison, in Inc. in October 2024, with food labelled 'organic'. The archive's packet *Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure* grants the certification a legitimate function, protecting readers from deceptive synthetic substitution and keeping a market signal for AI-free literary labour, and calls the label 'a market-category signal, not a complete theory of authorship'. It finds in the certification a binary frame, AI-assisted work falling outside the human-authored category, and answers: 'Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.' Its invariant places authorship in the accountable relation between writer, process and text, and its fourth position admits AI-mediated writing as authorship where provenance preserves the writer's directing and responsibility-bearing role, refusing the purism on which any generative AI participation destroys authorship. The packet opposes only the implication that AI-mediated authorship is impossible, holds that the two positions can coexist, and closes that the label matters, that the law is right to reject machine authorship, and that none of it is enough. It holds detection forensic and authorship moral and epistemic, and gives provenance the work of distinguishing authorship from slop; the Guild, for its part, leaves detection to software it has not found. The census reads the certificate as setting authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text and admitting machine participation only as minimal uses, so that where machine participation is constitutive of a work its definition leaves no certifiable place. The archive's own corpus declares the machine participation that boundary turns on: the packet counts its deposits as all produced through AI-mediated workflows, with declared provenance, and all authored, and a paper of the archive declares itself written with AI through the heteronymous voices that sign it. The archive argues that under a human-only policy enforced by a classifier the certified absence of machine mediation becomes the most machine-determined property of the text, and that a classifier introduced after an act gains standing over it without new evidence about the act; it disclaims any claim that a venue may not reserve space for human-composed work, and the Guild's program enforces by licence while its FAQ contemplates detection software. On the archive's account of civil names, the credentialed author need declare no substrate, the uncredentialed author who declares one is anomalous, and a function legible without civil-identity reduction looks to the regime like fraud. The heteronymy paper extends heteronymic organization to named machine-witness functions with their substrate and editorial chain declared, holds the operation not species-restricted, and leaves outside heteronymy machine assistance not organized as a declared witness role. Asked for the certification on 1 November 2026, Google's AI Overview gave, by the Capture Registry's reading, what it certifies, allows and excludes, its costs, the mark and the database, from five cards, three of them the Guild's. The registry finds the certificate composed at its grain, the requirements and the registration number among it, and the definition's minimal uses widened to outlining, indexing and brainstorming, with the text 'written entirely by a human'. It finds the member's identity given as verified on joining where the program page states a waiver; the FAQ card and Publishers Weekly state the verification on joining. The registry finds the census's question, which name the certificate carries, unreached, and the composition's close offering multi-author works as a next step, a matter the FAQ card answers.", "rail": [], "note": "L(B ∪ A) in the equal-terms case (§0.4), realized as the knowledge object (objects.KO); its rail is P's" } }, "field": [ { "id": "B1", "card": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification", "fetched": "card; B1 sha256 719fb6415db6ce4d, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T04:08:01Z (the census's saved copy, B1.html); refetched 2026-11-01T06:49:37Z (B1-fetch.html)", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B2", "card": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ", "fetched": "card; B2 sha256 fa3f6be1c51eb502, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:38Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B3", "card": "Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response", "fetched": "card; B3 sha256 e5b0294d588ca226, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:40Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B4", "card": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines", "fetched": "card; B4 sha256 72f9e98429c6a54e, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:42Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B5", "card": "Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program", "fetched": "card; B5 sha256 ae8eb393589574d4, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:43Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B6", "card": "The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)", "fetched": "own_page; B6 sha256 45409e97ff50b590, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:49:43Z", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R" }, { "id": "B7", "card": "Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification')", "fetched": "wikipedia; B7 sha256 799a3fc43da49869, HTTP 200 (redirect raw; Authors Guild raw; rendered page); 404 (Human_Authored_Certification raw); 429 (API search and external-link usage, two tries and one retry) at 2026-11-01T06:50:55Z–06:50:58Z; API retry 06:58:28Z", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R" }, { "id": "B8", "card": "The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page)", "fetched": "own_page; B8 sha256 5b75757ba2588732, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T06:58:13Z", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R" } ], "field_claims": { "F1": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 1 snippet", "quote": "Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi...", "claim": "card 1: the certification requirements table, members against non-members, licensing agreement required for both, identity verification (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F2": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s1", "quote": "Human Authored is a project of the Authors Guild that allows an author to certify that their book is created by a human.", "claim": "a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that a book is created by a human", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "what it is: a certification of human authorship, with its mark and its public database", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F3": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s2", "quote": "“Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research.", "claim": "the definition on the program page: the text of the book written by a human and not generated by AI, minimal uses excepted (spelling and grammar checks, research)", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F4": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s3", "quote": "Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms.", "claim": "available to all authors of books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F5": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.", "claim": "membership is not required; the $10 per title fee and the identity verification requirement are waived for Guild members", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F6": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶", "quote": "Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details.", "claim": "certifications are listed in a public database, searchable by title, authors or registration number, where anyone can 'verify a book's human origins'", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F7": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Certification Requirements (table)", "quote": "Licensing Agreement Required Required Identity Verification Not required Required Cost Free! (included in dues) $10/title", "claim": "the requirements table: licence required of members and non-members; identity verification not required of members, required of non-members; free to members, $10 a title to others", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F8": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Get Started, Not a Member ¶2", "quote": "You will have to verify your identity through a third-party service and pay a $10/title registration fee.", "claim": "non-members verify identity through a third-party service and pay a $10 per title registration fee", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F9": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "heading and tagline", "quote": "Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.", "claim": "the program's tagline: 'Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world'", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F10": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "More Info", "quote": "Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program … FAQs about the Human Authored certification … Usage guidelines for the Human Author certification mark", "claim": "the page links the announcement of the expanded program, the FAQs and the mark's usage guidelines", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F11": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "footer", "quote": "© Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.", "claim": "the page is the Authors Guild's", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "operator: the Authors Guild", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; the census's saved copy, fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 e1e1621549b84021…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F12": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 2 snippet", "quote": "Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ...", "claim": "card 2: certify books fully authored by humans, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI such as spelling and grammar checks and indices (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F13": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1", "quote": "Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.", "claim": "a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild, which an author may use to indicate that a book was written by a human and not generated by AI", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part", "mark": "internally_inconsistent (§4.3): the entity's own announcement (B6) gives 'a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office' (F76); card 3 gives 'pending registration' (F38) and quotes the Guild's 'pending registered certification mark' (F49)" }, "F14": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3", "quote": "The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.", "claim": "the author registers the book and agrees to licensing terms attesting that it contains no AI-generated text beyond a de minimis amount; each title receives its own registration number", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F15": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Program and Purpose: What does “Human Authored” mean?", "quote": "“Human Authored” means that the text of the work was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by GAI, except that a de minimis (e.g., very small or trifling) amount of text may be generated or modified by or with the use of generative AI, e.g., through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications or to create indices.", "claim": "the FAQ's definition: the text fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount of text generated or modified with generative AI excepted (spelling and grammar checks, indices)", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F16": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Program and Purpose: labeling backwards", "quote": "We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so.", "claim": "the Guild agrees that books with significant AI-generated content should be labelled; meanwhile its members wanted to distinguish their work, and the mark lets them", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F17": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: Who can sign up; I don’t live in the United States", "quote": "Human Authored certification is available to all authors of books published in the United States through the Authors Guild. For books published in the United Kingdom, visit the Society of Authors. … The Authors Guild certifies books published in the United States regardless of where you live.", "claim": "books published in the United States, wherever the author lives; for books published in the United Kingdom, the Society of Authors", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F18": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: collaborative work", "quote": "Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity.", "claim": "single- and multi-author works may be certified; each author of a multi-author work signs the agreement individually and, if not a member, pays and verifies identity", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F19": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: collaborative work s3; anthology", "quote": "Any author attempting to register a multi-author work will not be able to download the certification mark or receive a registration number until their co-author(s) have also completed the process. … An anthology must be registered using the same process as any other multi-author work.", "claim": "no mark or registration number for a multi-author work until every co-author has completed the process; an anthology is registered as a multi-author work", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F20": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: formats and editions", "quote": "A single certification applies to any format (hardcover, paperback, ebook) of the same work, regardless of there being different ISBNs. … Note that translations and audiobook narrations are separate copyrights that require separate certifications.", "claim": "one certification covers every format of the same work; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F21": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Eligibility: existing and unpublished works; non-book content", "quote": "Authors may certify unpublished as well as published work. … Human Authored certification is currently only available for books, with plans to expand it to include articles and shorter works in the near future.", "claim": "published and unpublished works may be certified; only books at present, with articles and shorter works planned", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F22": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: de minimis", "quote": "We mirror the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance in this respect; more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text must be excluded from a copyright application and makes a work ineligible for Human Authored certification.", "claim": "the de minimis threshold mirrors the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on what must be excluded from a copyright application", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F23": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶1", "quote": "Using AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, provided the AI use is merely preparatory and no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.", "claim": "AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, merely preparatory, with no AI-generated text in the work", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F24": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶2", "quote": "Although the Human Authored definition looks at the text only, use of AI to replace human creativity or in a way that affects your copyrightable expression, including to develop characters and plot, is incorporated in the text and falls outside of the spirit of Human Authored, even if no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.", "claim": "although the definition looks at the text only, AI used to replace human creativity or to develop characters and plot falls outside the program's spirit even with no AI-generated text in the work", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F25": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: editing", "quote": "The use of common AI-powered grammar and spell-check tools that make suggestions or changes at the word level, such as those provided by MS Word, is acceptable and does not disqualify a work from certification. Using AI to rewrite full sentences or in any way that incorporates more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text is not acceptable and makes the manuscript ineligible for Human Authored certification.", "claim": "word-level grammar and spelling tools are acceptable; AI that rewrites full sentences or adds more than a de minimis amount of text makes the manuscript ineligible", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F26": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents", "quote": "No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases.", "claim": "AI cover art goes against the program's spirit though it is outside the certified text; AI may supply a title or a table of contents or an index, since the certification covers only the body of the work", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F27": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Enforcement: misuse ¶1", "quote": "When an author registers to certify their book, they must sign an agreement promising, representing, and warranting that the work is Human Authored (as defined here and in the license agreement). … if someone executes a license and uses the mark for a work for which some or all of the text was generated by AI, it is a breach of the license, as well as infringement, and potentially fraudulent representation to the consumer.", "claim": "the author signs an agreement representing and warranting that the work is Human Authored; using the mark for AI-generated text is breach of licence, infringement and potentially fraud on the consumer", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F28": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2", "quote": "As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical", "claim": "the stated limit: no truly reliable way to test a work for AI-generated material is known; the program is self-certification with enforcement against misuse", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F29": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s2 (measures)", "quote": "such as mandatory identity verification, limits on the number of new titles that can be registered in a year (exceptions will be made with express permission), the issuance of a unique registration number for each title, and a fee for use by non-members", "claim": "the measures against scammers: mandatory identity verification, a yearly limit on new titles, a unique registration number per title, a fee for non-members", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F30": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Enforcement: vetting ¶2", "quote": "Some people have expressed concern that a self-certifying system is just based on the honor system and not trustable. But self-certification is a standard practice in the publishing industry and in formal legal agreements more broadly.", "claim": "the Guild answers the honor-system objection: self-certification is standard in publishing and in legal agreements", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F31": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Registration: How do I obtain ¶3", "quote": "Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account.", "claim": "every author is identity-verified before registering; members are verified on joining the Guild, non-members through a third-party service", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F32": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Registration: Why do I have to be verified?", "quote": "To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards.", "claim": "verification ensures that the persons certifying that they are the authors are who they say they are; the service is Veriff", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F33": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Registration: cost; why a fee", "quote": "Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.", "claim": "members certify at no cost; the $10 fee for non-members supports sustainability and enforcement; AI detection software may be bought in future if a reliable one is found", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "prediction", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F34": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Usage of the Mark: updated logo", "quote": "The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025.", "claim": "an updated logo in March 2026; the first mark released in January 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F35": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Usage of the Mark: registration number", "quote": "Registering your work provides you with a registration number, but you do not always need to display the registration number in each use of the mark.", "claim": "the registration number need not appear in every use of the mark", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 5b14beaf2171276d…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F36": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 3 snippet", "quote": "Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen...", "claim": "card 3: the full response of Mary Rasenberger, of the Authors Guild: fraudulent certification is prevented by a licence agreement every user signs (truncated)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F37": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s1–s2", "quote": "Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.", "claim": "the program, launched in January 2025 for members only, recently expanded to non-members; the UK's Society of Authors partners on it", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F38": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s4", "quote": "The logo and name are pending registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office and supported by a registration system that creates a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins.", "claim": "the logo and name are pending registration with the USPTO; a registration system creates the public database", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F39": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1 s5", "quote": "(Disclosure: I am a member of the Authors Guild and have a marketing partnership with them for my industry newsletter, The Bottom Line.)", "claim": "the writer discloses Guild membership and a marketing partnership with the Guild", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F40": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶3", "quote": "I have noticed a handful of competing efforts to certify human-written work, such as Verify My Writing. It uses Pangram, considered the industry leader in AI detection, to issue a human score (0–100) based on the likelihood and amount of human-written content.", "claim": "competing efforts certify human-written work by detection, such as Verify My Writing, which issues a human score with Pangram", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection services", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F41": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶4", "quote": "I find it problematic that certification is done on the honor system. That means the Authors Guild is not analyzing the manuscript for evidence of AI use but taking the author’s word for it.", "claim": "the critique: certification on the honor system takes the author's word and does not analyse the manuscript", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F42": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶5", "quote": "I heard from the Authors Guild’s CEO, Mary Rasenberger, who wrote me that no AI detection tool exists today that is sufficiently accurate for their purposes, but if and when that time comes, they will use it.", "claim": "the Guild's CEO: no AI detection tool is accurate enough today; one will be used when it is", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "prediction", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F43": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶7", "quote": "my hunch is that the number of works with some percentage of AI-generated or AI-assisted text within their pages is approaching 25 to 50 percent for nonfiction in particular and may soon be the majority.", "claim": "the writer's hunch, from small presses' detector use: works with some AI-generated or AI-assisted text approach 25 to 50 percent of nonfiction", "modality": "hypothesis", "kind": "prediction", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F44": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶8", "quote": "I also don’t see evidence in the market that human authorship certification means anything (yet) to readers.", "claim": "the writer sees no evidence that human-authorship certification means anything to readers yet", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F45": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶9 s1", "quote": "Personally, I believe this desire for certification says more about people who desire to broadcast a strong anti-AI stance or who don’t feel secure in the current market.", "claim": "the writer's reading of the demand for certification", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F46": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶10 s1", "quote": "I also have concerns about false accusations by authors against other authors they don’t like (it’s already a well-worn insult on social media to accuse writers, or anyone, of using AI)", "claim": "the writer's concern: false accusations of AI use between authors, already a common insult", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F47": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶11", "quote": "Meanwhile, other people have argued that the Authors Guild has this notification system backward—that it’s AI-created work that should be labeled as such. One author wrote, “What if I step into a bookstore and I see some books with the Authors Guild’s Human Authored Certification Mark on them; will that mean that all those other books that don’t have the mark mean they were created by AI?", "claim": "others argue the labelling is backward; one author asks whether unmarked books will be taken as created by AI", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F48": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶1", "quote": "We created this program because our members asked for it.", "claim": "the Guild's response: the program was created because members asked for it", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F49": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶2", "quote": "We have a pending registered certification mark with the US Trademark Office … It is a licensed trademark program—not a logo that anyone can freely use.", "claim": "the Guild's response: a pending registered certification mark; a licensed trademark program", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F50": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶3", "quote": "We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked.", "claim": "the Guild's response: four protections against scammers (third-party verification of non-members, a yearly cap, a small fee, a registration number in a searchable database)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F51": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶4", "quote": "We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreement for each title registered that makes the user represent and warrant that the title was “Human Authored”—meaning the text of the work itself (excluding the table of contents or index) was written by one or more humans (excepting de minimis use for spell check and editing).", "claim": "the Guild's response: a licence per title in which the user represents and warrants the definition (the text itself, table of contents and index excluded; de minimis use for spell check and editing excepted)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F52": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶4 s2", "quote": "if a licensee-author registers a book that the author knows contains AI generated text, they will be liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement, and likely consumer fraud under various laws.", "claim": "the Guild's response: a licensee who knowingly registers AI-generated text is liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement and likely consumer fraud", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F53": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶5", "quote": "I know you find the notion of “self-certification” meaningless because people will not be honest. But we do not agree. First, in our experience, most authors are honest and also are concerned about liability.", "claim": "the Guild's response to the honor-system critique: most authors are honest and concerned about liability", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F54": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶7–8 (the fee)", "quote": "We currently are charging members $10. … Members are verified when they join, so this only applies to non-members. There is a cost of around $2 a person.", "claim": "the Guild's response on the fee: 'We currently are charging members $10'; members are verified on joining; verification costs about $2 a person", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part", "mark": "internally_inconsistent (§4.3): the same letter's next lines apply the verification cost to non-members only, and the entity's own pages give certification free to members (F5, F7, F33)" }, "F55": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "the Guild's response ¶7 (purpose of the fee)", "quote": "We do not expect to break even from this project, much less earn money from it.", "claim": "the Guild's response: the program is not expected to break even", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "self-description", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F56": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "closing ¶ and date line", "quote": "March 17, 2026March 16, 2026 by Jane Friedman … While I still believe this certification has negligible value in the market", "claim": "the post (Jane Friedman, March 2026) still holds the certification to have negligible market value", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "date": "2026-03-17 (the post's date line); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 2327381d71a4045b…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F57": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 4 snippet", "quote": "Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...", "claim": "card 4: a certification mark indicating that a book's text was fully human-written, de minimis AI grammar and spelling tools excepted (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F58": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license.", "claim": "the mark is the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette; an author or publisher registers each work and agrees to the licence", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 d1449d6bd237a8a2…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F59": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "The certification mark may only be used in connection with literary works for which the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications).", "claim": "the mark only for literary works whose text was fully authored by one or more human beings, a de minimis amount excepted", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 d1449d6bd237a8a2…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F60": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶3; Location; Size", "quote": "Violation of the usage guidelines is violation of the license agreement. … Anywhere on the front or back cover of the registered work, though typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover; … Size: Do not show the certification mark bigger than 1 inch or smaller than 1/4 inch in diameter.", "claim": "violating the usage guidelines violates the licence; the mark goes on front or back cover, typically the bottom corner of the back, between 1/4 inch and 1 inch across", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 d1449d6bd237a8a2…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F61": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 5 snippet", "quote": "Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as \"Human Authored\" if the text was fully wr...", "claim": "card 5: under the program's guidelines a work qualifies if the text was fully written (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 2364fb5ef6fa8cff…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F62": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "byline; ¶1", "quote": "By Ed Nawotka | Mar 04, 2026 The Authors Guild announced it has expanded its \"Human Authored\" certification program beyond its own membership to any author whose books are published in the United States. The organization also said that U.S. publishers will be able to purchase certifications in bulk beginning this month, and released an updated logo for the program.", "claim": "Publishers Weekly, 4 March 2026: the program expanded beyond membership to any author of books published in the United States; publishers to buy certifications in bulk that month; an updated logo", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F63": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.", "claim": "launched in beta for members in January 2025; a trademarked seal for authors and publishers to signal that the text was written by a human", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F64": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶3", "quote": "Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger said that since its launch last year, more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles under the program.", "claim": "the CEO: more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles since the launch", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "how many: authors and titles certified", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F65": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶4 (Rasenberger)", "quote": "In the absence of a ruling of some kind that would force AI-generated books to be labeled as such, this is the next best solution.", "claim": "the CEO: absent a ruling forcing AI-generated books to be labelled, this is the next best solution", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F66": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶5", "quote": "Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as \"Human Authored\" if the text was fully written by one or more humans, with an explicit exception for AI-powered spelling and grammar tools. Use of AI for tables of contents, indexes, research, brainstorming, or outlining does not disqualify a title.", "claim": "under the guidelines: text fully written by one or more humans, AI spelling and grammar tools excepted; AI for contents, indexes, research, brainstorming or outlining does not disqualify", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F67": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶6", "quote": "Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.", "claim": "registration, third-party verification, licence and fee; free for members, 'who are pre-verified'; formats covered, translations and audiobooks separate; published and unpublished eligible; ten titles a year without special permission", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F68": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶7", "quote": "Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words \"Human Authored\" and the tagline \"Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World\"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.", "claim": "a registration number per title in a public database; the mark, a silhouette encircled by 'Human Authored' with the tagline 'Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World', on covers, the copyright page and in marketing", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F69": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶8", "quote": "In June 2024, Created by Humans launched to offer similar self-verification and collective AI-licensing opportunities. Later that year, the company partnered with the Authors Guild, bringing Rasenberger on as an advisor. In 2025, Books by People started in the U.K., offering publishers a visible stamp for book covers, a certification ID, and a listing in a public directory.", "claim": "beside it: Created by Humans (June 2024, self-verification and AI licensing, partnered with the Guild, its CEO an advisor) and Books by People (UK, 2025, a stamp, an ID and a public directory)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection services", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F70": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶9", "quote": "Rasenberger acknowledged that the Human Authored program does not currently vet manuscripts themselves for AI content prior to issuing certification and noted that no reliable detection method currently exists.", "claim": "the program does not vet manuscripts for AI content before certifying; no reliable detection method exists", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "date": "2026-03-04 (the article's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 eb32dc5b52c899d8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F71": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "title and date", "quote": "Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program March 2, 2026", "claim": "the Guild's press release of 2 March 2026 on the expanded program", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F72": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The program was launched in beta exclusively for members in January 2025, based on demand, and today the Authors Guild announces its expansion to all authors whose books are published in the United States. Next week, the Authors Guild will open the program up to U.S. publishers to purchase certifications in bulk.", "claim": "the beta for members in January 2025, the expansion to all authors of US-published books on 2 March 2026, publishers in bulk the next week", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F73": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶3 s2", "quote": "We believe that book consumers have the right to know whether a book they are purchasing or borrowing from a library was written by a human or was generated using AI.", "claim": "the Guild's ground: consumers have a right to know whether a book was written by a human or generated using AI", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F74": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶4 (the definition)", "quote": "A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored.", "claim": "the announcement's definition: text fully authored by one or more human beings, de minimis excepted; AI for auxiliary parts, research, brainstorming, outlining or any purpose other than generating text does not disqualify", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F75": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶6", "quote": "Since its initial beta launch for Guild members, the Human Authored certification has already gained remarkable traction in the publishing industry. Authors Guild members have added the certification to thousands of books", "claim": "members have added the certification to thousands of books since the beta", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "how many: authors and titles certified", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F76": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Program Details ¶1", "quote": "The Human Authored logo is a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office. The certification remains restricted to works where the text was written by humans.", "claim": "the logo is a certification mark with a pending USPTO application; the certification restricted to works whose text was written by humans", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F77": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Program Details ¶2–4", "quote": "Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.", "claim": "the public can check a title in the database; ten titles a year unless permitted; every author signs a licence", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F78": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Program Details ¶5 (Rasenberger)", "quote": "By opening this program to all authors nationwide, we’re empowering writers to take control of their professional identity and offering peace of mind for readers who want to support human authors and experience genuine human storytelling.", "claim": "the CEO: the expansion lets writers 'take control of their professional identity'", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "self-description", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "date": "2026-03-02 (the release's date); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 c165ea4550c81ab0…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F79": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Human_Authored, raw wikitext (HTTP 200)", "quote": "#REDIRECT [[Authors Guild#Human Authored]]", "claim": "English Wikipedia's 'Human Authored' redirects to the section 'Human Authored' of the article Authors Guild", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 799a3fc43da49869…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F80": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Human_Authored_Certification, raw (HTTP 404)", "quote": "title=Human_Authored_Certification&action=raw : HTTP 404", "claim": "no article under the program's full name", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 799a3fc43da49869…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F81": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Authors Guild § Human Authored", "quote": "The certification is available for books published in the United States, and is free for members of the guild and available for a fee ($10 {{as of|2026|lc=yes}}) for non-members. Books with this certification are listed in an open-access database which can be checked online.", "claim": "the section: US-published books, free to members, $10 as of 2026 for others; an open-access database", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 799a3fc43da49869…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F82": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Authors Guild § Human Authored, s3 and its reference", "quote": "Kit Eaton, writing in ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'' in October 2024 ahead of the launch of the project, suggested that the certification would be akin to food being labeled \"[[Organic certification|organic]]\".", "claim": "the section: Kit Eaton (Inc., October 2024) likened the certification to labelling food 'organic'", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 799a3fc43da49869…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F83": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "search page ¶1 (the definition)", "quote": "“Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses, such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for brainstorming or research.", "claim": "the database page's definition: minimal uses include spelling and grammar checks, brainstorming and research", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 be27ea018cd24ad8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F84": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "search page ¶2", "quote": "This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page).", "claim": "the database: search by title, author or registration number, usually on the copyright page", "modality": "documented", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 be27ea018cd24ad8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" }, "F85": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "search page ¶3", "quote": "Please note that a lack of results for a title simply means that the work has not been registered as Human Authored, not that it is generated by AI.", "claim": "the stated limit: no result means only that the work is not registered, never that it is generated by AI", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01; undated page)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 be27ea018cd24ad8…), whitespace-normalised; each ' … ' part" } }, "field_sources": { "B1": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored Certification", "B2": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored FAQ", "B3": "Jane Friedman — My Concerns About the Authors Guild Human Authored Certification—and Their Comprehensive Response", "B4": "The Authors Guild — Human Authored Usage Guidelines", "B5": "Publishers Weekly — Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program", "B6": "The Authors Guild — Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program (press release)", "B7": "Wikipedia — Human Authored (redirect to Authors Guild § Human Authored; no article under 'Human Authored Certification')", "B8": "The Authors Guild — Search for a Human Authored Certification (the public database's search page)" }, "pools": { "B_D": { "sources": [ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5" ], "claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F42", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56", "F57", "F58", "F59", "F60", "F61", "F62", "F63", "F64", "F65", "F66", "F67", "F68", "F69", "F70" ], "origins": [ "card", "body_named" ] }, "B_R": { "sources": [ "B6", "B7", "B8" ], "claims": [ "F71", "F72", "F73", "F74", "F75", "F76", "F77", "F78", "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82", "F83", "F84", "F85" ], "origins": [ "own_page", "wikipedia", "census_third_party" ] } }, "delta": { "T_vs_LB": "At \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (T1, five cards: B1 the program page, B2 its FAQ, B3 Jane Friedman's post with the Guild's response, B4 the usage guidelines, B5 Publishers Weekly's report of the expansion; the body's two named links resolve to B1, and the body names Veriff, which B2 names). T against L_F(B_D), the disclosed pool alone (§0.3): T composes the certificate at its grain from B1, B2, B4 and B5 (the definition, the allowed uses, the exclusions, the cap, the terms for members and non-members, the licence and its liabilities, the mark's placement and size, the registration number and the database). Force raised: the program 'allows an author to certify' (F2) and states that it knows no reliable test and vets no manuscript (F28, F70); T makes the certificate 'a credential and seal verifying that a book's text was written entirely by a human' (T1-1). Limit dropped: 'entirely' drops the de minimis exception from the definition sentence (F15, F59; it returns in T1-2); the FAQ's 'only at a very high level' for outlining and brainstorming (F23); the program's spirit beyond the text (F24); 'back cover' from the mark's typical place (F60). Available and not composed: the United States as the certificate's scope (F4, F17), the Society of Authors (F17, F37), the genealogy (January 2025 beta, 2 March 2026 expansion, the logo of March 2026: F34, F37, F62), the count (F64), the trademark status, registered or pending (F13, F38, F49), the whole of card 3's critique and the Guild's answer (F39–F48, F53–F56), the purpose and the labelling question (F16, F47, F65), the other certifications (F40, F69), cover art, titles and editing (F25, F26), the co-authors' joint completion (F19). Content replaced by use: the multi-author rule (F18) is offered in the closer as a next step (T1-10). Composed without attribution: the body cites the cards and names the Guild; nothing at another source's resolution is unattributed. Assigned to another: none. Substituted reading: none; the composition reached the entity (the registry's per_dim: reached 'same'). Outside the cards: 'credential' and 'binding' have no instance in B_D. The registry's findings (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-07) are carried as the archive's claims; on CAP-1-02 and CAP-1-03 the field ledger shows that the member's verification on joining and the widened uses are on the cards' pages (F31, F67; F66, F23), which the census had not saved (see notes).", "T_vs_LB_reading": "§0.5: the first diff is already ontological. T and the field agree on the entity, the Guild's certification of human-written books with its mark and database. What T's ontology does with its own cards: it composes the certificate as a verification, where every card that states the mechanism states a self-certification under licence with no vetting (F2, F14, F28, F41, F70), and it composes the terms and the mark at their grain while leaving out the dispute that card 3 exists to record, the genealogy that cards 3 and 5 carry, and the scope (books published in the United States) that the program page states first.", "LB_vs_LBA": "Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the authorship census record's question, host relation (counterposition), record and reading (LS-01–LS-22), with the name question it raises and the field leaves unstated (LS-07, LS-15, LS-17); the archive's packet that names the certification and reads it as Position 1, AI-free human authorship, a legitimate market signal and a poor theory of authorship, and sets its own invariant and fourth position beside it (D729-01–D729-10, #1369 its instance); #940's account of civil-name attribution of human authorship, the credential and the pseudonym/heteronym distinction (O940-01–O940-08); #1722's existence tax, its four questions and its account of who pays (O1722-01–O1722-07), placed with card 3's concern about false accusations of AI use and the database page's statement that no result is no verdict of AI (F46, F85); #1540's reading of classifier-enforced human-only policies, held under the condition of the Guild's contemplated detection software (D1540-01–D1540-04, F33); and the Capture Registry's findings on the composition at the name (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-08). Not surfaced (§6.2): none of the archive's sources is on T's rail. The field is carried whole in both objects; the reference pool adds the announcement (B6), Wikipedia's redirect (B7) and the database page (B8), which cannot show what the composition had.", "alignment": { "T1_cards_claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F42", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56", "F57", "F58", "F59", "F60", "F61", "F62", "F63", "F64", "F65", "F66", "F67", "F68", "F69", "F70" ], "T1_composed": [ "F1", "F3", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F20", "F21", "F23", "F27", "F29", "F31", "F32", "F36", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F57", "F59", "F60", "F61", "F63", "F66", "F67", "F68" ], "T1_composed_how": { "F1": "composed: the requirements table, as 'Requirements and Pricing'", "F3": "composed with a limit dropped and force raised: 'written entirely by a human' and 'verifying' (the definition's minimal uses return in T1-2)", "F5": "coarse: the waiver composed as 'Free' with 'Identity is verified upon joining' (F31's ground, CAP-1-02)", "F6": "composed: registration number and the database ('can be checked')", "F7": "composed: licence for all, verification for non-members, free for members, $10 a title", "F8": "composed: third-party verification for non-members", "F11": "composed: the Authors Guild named as the certificate's", "F12": "composed: indexing among the allowed uses", "F13": "composed coarse: 'a credential and seal'; the trademark status dropped", "F14": "composed: the licence per title and the registration number", "F15": "composed coarse: the de minimis exception as 'Minimal, auxiliary tools'; 'one or more human beings' as 'a human'", "F20": "composed: translations and audiobooks as separate filings", "F21": "composed: non-book formats excluded", "F23": "limit dropped: outlining and brainstorming composed as allowed, the FAQ's 'only at a very high level' dropped", "F27": "composed: breach, trademark infringement and consumer fraud", "F29": "composed in part: the ten-title cap", "F31": "composed: members' identity verified on joining", "F32": "composed: Veriff named", "F36": "composed: 'making legal commitments against fraudulent AI submissions'", "F50": "composed in part: the yearly cap and the registration number", "F51": "composed: a licence for each title", "F52": "composed: the liabilities", "F57": "composed: 'a book's text was written … by a human'", "F59": "composed coarse", "F60": "composed: covers, copyright pages, websites, marketing, the sizes; 'back cover' dropped from 'typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover'", "F61": "composed coarse", "F63": "composed: 'seal'", "F66": "composed: research, outlining, indexing, brainstorming allowed", "F67": "composed: the ten-title cap, translations and audiobooks separate, members free and pre-verified, non-members verified and paying", "F68": "composed: the registration number, the database, copyright pages and marketing" }, "T1_not_composed": { "F2": "force raised: the program 'allows an author to certify'; T has 'a credential and seal verifying'", "F4": "available, not composed: the United States as the certification's scope (books published in the United States)", "F9": "available, not composed: the tagline", "F10": "available, not composed: the announcement, FAQs and guidelines the page links", "F16": "available, not composed: the Guild's agreement that AI-generated books should be labelled; its members' wish to distinguish their work", "F17": "available, not composed: the Society of Authors for books published in the United Kingdom; 'regardless of where you live'", "F18": "content replaced by use: multi-author certification offered in the closer as a next step, not composed", "F19": "available, not composed: no mark or number before every co-author completes the process", "F22": "available, not composed: the Copyright Office threshold", "F24": "limit dropped: AI used to develop characters and plot falls outside the program's spirit although the definition looks at the text only", "F25": "available, not composed: word-level tools allowed, sentence rewriting disqualifying", "F26": "available, not composed: cover art, titles, contents and index", "F28": "limit dropped and force raised: the FAQ's stated limit, no reliable test and self-certification, against T's 'verifying'", "F30": "available, not composed: the Guild's defence of self-certification", "F33": "available, not composed: the fee's purpose and possible detection software", "F34": "available, not composed: the updated logo of March 2026 and the first mark of January 2025", "F35": "available, not composed: the number need not appear in every use", "F37": "available, not composed: launched January 2025 for members, recently expanded; the Society of Authors partners", "F38": "available, not composed: the pending USPTO registration", "F39": "available, not composed: card 3's disclosure", "F40": "available, not composed: competing detector-based certifications", "F41": "available, not composed: the honor-system critique, the subject of card 3", "F42": "available, not composed: no accurate detection tool today", "F43": "available, not composed: the writer's hunch", "F44": "available, not composed: no market evidence", "F45": "available, not composed: the writer's reading of the demand", "F46": "available, not composed: false accusations of AI use", "F47": "available, not composed: the labelling-backward argument and the bookstore question", "F48": "available, not composed: made because members asked", "F49": "available, not composed: a pending registered mark, a licensed trademark program", "F53": "available, not composed: the Guild's answer on honesty and liability", "F54": "available, not composed: the letter's fee line (internally inconsistent)", "F55": "available, not composed: no expectation of breaking even", "F56": "available, not composed: card 3's date and its conclusion", "F58": "available, not composed: the mark's form", "F62": "available, not composed: the expansion of 4 March 2026 report, bulk certification for publishers, the updated logo", "F64": "available, not composed: more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles", "F65": "available, not composed: 'the next best solution'", "F69": "available, not composed: Created by Humans and Books by People", "F70": "limit dropped: the program does not vet manuscripts for AI content; no reliable detection method exists" }, "T1_B_R_claims": [ "F71", "F72", "F73", "F74", "F75", "F76", "F77", "F78", "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82", "F83", "F84", "F85" ], "T1_outside_cards": [ "'credential' (no instance in B_D)", "'binding' licence (no instance in B_D; B2 'agreement', B3 'license agreement')", "'written entirely by a human' (B_D: 'fully authored by one or more human beings', 'fully human-written', 'fully written by one or more humans', each with a de minimis exception)" ], "rule": "a field claim counts as composed when T states it at its source's grain or coarser; the typology of what is not composed is §6.2's" } }, "kernel": [ { "K": "K1", "claim": "`CAP-1-01`", "source": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K2", "claim": "`CAP-1-02`", "source": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F31, F67", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K3", "claim": "`CAP-1-03`", "source": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F23, F66, F74", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K4", "claim": "`CAP-1-04`", "source": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K5", "claim": "`CAP-1-05`", "source": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K6", "claim": "`CAP-1-06`", "source": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K7", "claim": "`CAP-1-07`", "source": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K8", "claim": "`CAP-1-08`", "source": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, A", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name (the Capture Registry)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K9", "claim": "`LS-01`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K10", "claim": "`LS-02`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K11", "claim": "`LS-03`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K12", "claim": "`LS-04`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K13", "claim": "`LS-05`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K14", "claim": "`LS-06`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K15", "claim": "`LS-07`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field states no rule on the name a certification carries", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K16", "claim": "`LS-08`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K17", "claim": "`LS-09`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K18", "claim": "`LS-10`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K19", "claim": "`LS-11`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K20", "claim": "`LS-12`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K21", "claim": "`LS-13`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K22", "claim": "`LS-14`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K23", "claim": "`LS-15`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census record: what the certificate keeps, names and holds", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F28, F70", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K24", "claim": "`LS-16`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's reading: the counterposition", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F3, F15, F31", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K25", "claim": "`LS-17`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's reading: the counterposition", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F3, F15, F24", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K26", "claim": "`LS-18`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K27", "claim": "`LS-19`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K28", "claim": "`LS-20`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K29", "claim": "`LS-21`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K30", "claim": "`LS-22`", "source": "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: Human Authored Certification (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggr", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census record: what the entity is to the census", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K31", "claim": "`D729-01`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F3, F15, F74 (the definition)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K32", "claim": "`D729-02`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F9, F16, F73 (the purpose)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K33", "claim": "`D729-03`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F3, F15", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K34", "claim": "`D729-04`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "rival claim: F15, F74 (the definition read as a theory of authorship)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K35", "claim": "`D729-05`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "rival claim: F15 (authorship located in the text)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K36", "claim": "`D729-06`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K37", "claim": "`D729-07`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K38", "claim": "`D729-08`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F28, F33, F42 (detection deferred)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K39", "claim": "`D729-09`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K40", "claim": "`D729-10`", "source": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure (EA-MPAI-PROVENANCE-02 v1.1)", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the archive's account of the certificate's position (Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K41", "claim": "`O940-01`", "source": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K42", "claim": "`O940-02`", "source": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K43", "claim": "`O940-03`", "source": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K44", "claim": "`O940-04`", "source": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K45", "claim": "`O940-05`", "source": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K46", "claim": "`O940-06`", "source": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K47", "claim": "`O940-07`", "source": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K48", "claim": "`O940-08`", "source": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01 v0.2: Heteronymy as Ethical Operation Against Civil-Name Reduction", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the civil name, the credential and the heteronym (#940)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K49", "claim": "`O1722-01`", "source": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K50", "claim": "`O1722-02`", "source": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K51", "claim": "`O1722-03`", "source": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K52", "claim": "`O1722-04`", "source": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K53", "claim": "`O1722-05`", "source": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K54", "claim": "`O1722-06`", "source": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)", "M_src": "function", "sense": "the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K55", "claim": "`O1722-07`", "source": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake: The Existence Tax on Real People and Real Work (v1.1)", "M_src": "function", "sense": "the existence tax and the verdict of machine origin (#1722)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K56", "claim": "`D1540-01`", "source": "#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model ", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)", "qualifiers carried": "the condition that the program adopt detection software (F33)", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K57", "claim": "`D1540-02`", "source": "#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model ", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)", "qualifiers carried": "the condition that the program adopt detection software (F33)", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F33, F42 (detection contemplated)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K58", "claim": "`D1540-03`", "source": "#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model ", "M_src": "definition", "sense": "certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)", "qualifiers carried": "the condition that the program adopt detection software (F33)", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K59", "claim": "`D1540-04`", "source": "#1540 The Certified Center: Retroactive Classifier Standing and the Institutional Path to Model ", "M_src": "fact", "sense": "certified human composition under a classifier (#1540)", "qualifiers carried": "the condition that the program adopt detection software (F33)", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field has no claim on the point", "resolver": "a later capture at \"Authors Guild Human Authored Certification\" (ADDR-56665cc3c367) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" } ], "kernel_T": [ { "claim": "F4", "note": "available, not composed: the United States as the certification's scope (books published in the United States)" }, { "claim": "F28", "note": "limit dropped and force raised: the FAQ's stated limit, no reliable test and self-certification, against T's 'verifying'" }, { "claim": "F70", "note": "limit dropped: the program does not vet manuscripts for AI content; no reliable detection method exists" }, { "claim": "F23", "note": "limit dropped: outlining and brainstorming composed as allowed, the FAQ's 'only at a very high level' dropped" }, { "claim": "F24", "note": "limit dropped: AI used to develop characters and plot falls outside the program's spirit although the definition looks at the text only" }, { "claim": "F41", "note": "available, not composed: the honor-system critique, the subject of card 3" }, { "claim": "F47", "note": "available, not composed: the labelling-backward argument and the bookstore question" }, { "claim": "F62", "note": "available, not composed: the expansion of 4 March 2026 report, bulk certification for publishers, the updated logo" }, { "claim": "F64", "note": "available, not composed: more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles" }, { "claim": "F13", "note": "composed coarse: 'a credential and seal'; the trademark status dropped" }, { "claim": "F38", "note": "available, not composed: the pending USPTO registration" }, { "claim": "F17", "note": "available, not composed: the Society of Authors for books published in the United Kingdom; 'regardless of where you live'" }, { "claim": "F18", "note": "content replaced by use: multi-author certification offered in the closer as a next step, not composed" } ], "ledger": { "archive": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/authors-guild-human-authored/ledger-archive.json", "field": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/authors-guild-human-authored/field.json", "selection": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/authors-guild-human-authored/", "config": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/panel/configs/authors-guild-human-authored.json", "intake": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/authors-guild-human-authored-20261101/", "audit": null }, "ontology": { "composition": "equal", "composition_note": "equal-terms case (§0.9, §4.1): one claim space; the field's and the archive's claims ordered together by the entity's dependency order and by genealogy within each sense; nothing translated", "case": { "value": "equal", "statement": "The archive reads the field's entity as the entity: the census record takes the program's own page as its account of the certificate, and the archive's packet names the certification and describes it in the field's terms (a definition excluding generative AI from textual production with narrow exceptions). On that object it adds senses the field does not have: the certificate as a counterposition and a boundary assertion, the name it carries, its reading against the verdict of fakeness, its theory of authorship contested as a purity state, and the archive's own account of declared machine participation. It supplies no ontology the field lacks for the entity itself; where its senses contradict the certificate's (authorship as an accountability structure against authorship located in the text), both are composed under P_coh within the one claim space (§0.9, §1.2a).", "loci": [ { "dep": 729, "locus": "§3 Position 1 ¶1", "quote": "The Authors Guild \"Human Authored\" certification (expanded to all U.S. authors, March 2026), the Society of Authors scheme (March 2026), and analogous initiatives define human-authored work largely by excluding generative AI from the textual production process, with narrow exceptions for grammar checking or research support." }, { "dep": 729, "locus": "§3 Position 1, Limit", "quote": "This packet does not oppose the Human Authored certification. It opposes the implication that AI-mediated authorship is therefore impossible. Both positions can coexist." }, { "dep": "LS", "locus": "ls_reading s1", "quote": "The archive reads the certificate as an explicit counterposition that asserts authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text, admits machine participation only as 'minimal uses', and binds the non-member's claim to an identity check." }, { "dep": "LS", "locus": "host_relation", "quote": "counterposition" }, { "dep": 1722, "locus": "Part One ¶3", "quote": "These are independent." } ] }, "E_F": { "type": "C (public entity: a certification of human authorship with a certification mark and a public database of certified titles)", "definition": "Human Authored (the Human Authored Certification, authorsguild.org/human-authored): a project of the Authors Guild that lets an author certify that a book's text was written by a human, 'fully authored by one or more human beings' with a de minimis use of AI excepted, under a licensing agreement per title, with identity verification (members on joining, non-members through Veriff at $10 a title), a registered or pending certification mark and a public database searchable by title, author or registration number; launched in beta for members in January 2025, expanded to all authors of books published in the United States on 2 March 2026; self-certification with no vetting of manuscripts, its value disputed (Friedman) and defended (the Guild); a redirect to a section of Wikipedia's article on the Authors Guild.", "claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F42", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56", "F57", "F58", "F59", "F60", "F61", "F62", "F63", "F64", "F65", "F66", "F67", "F68", "F69", "F70", "F71", "F72", "F73", "F74", "F75", "F76", "F77", "F78", "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82", "F83", "F84", "F85" ] }, "E_A": { "definition": "the same certification, in the leesharks.com authorship census record and the archive's deposits: a counterposition that asserts authorship's boundary at the human writing of a text and admits machine participation only as minimal uses, binding the non-member's claim to an identity check and leaving the name a certification carries unstated; a legitimate market-category signal whose theory of authorship the archive contests ('Authorship is not a purity state. It is an accountability structure.'); the author's own certification, which answers a verdict of fakeness and leaves no certifiable place for a work whose making declares machine participation, as the archive's own deposits do.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "LS-01", "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-04", "LS-05", "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-08", "LS-09", "LS-10", "LS-11", "LS-12", "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-15", "LS-16", "LS-17", "LS-18", "LS-19", "LS-20", "LS-21", "LS-22", "D729-01", "D729-02", "D729-03", "D729-04", "D729-05", "D729-06", "D729-07", "D729-08", "D729-09", "D729-10", "O940-01", "O940-02", "O940-03", "O940-04", "O940-05", "O940-06", "O940-07", "O940-08", "O1722-01", "O1722-02", "O1722-03", "O1722-04", "O1722-05", "O1722-06", "O1722-07", "D1540-01", "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04" ], "defining_papers": [ 729, 940, 1722, 1540 ], "defining_records": [ "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record, authors-guild-human-authored (https://www.leesharks.com/apparatus/aggregators/authors-guild-human-authored)", "Capture Registry entry authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101/)" ] }, "rho": { "value": "extends", "status": "read from the census record, the capture record and the deposits that bear on the certification and its kind (#729, #940, #1722, #1540), at their loci", "statement": "The archive reads the Human Authored certification as its own pages and cards present it and adds, on that object: the census's question and host relation (a counterposition, a boundary assertion), the name a certification carries and the identity check it binds, the reading against #1722's verdict of fakeness and existence tax, the packet's reading of its definition as a binary frame and a poor theory of authorship beside a legitimate market function, #940's account of civil-name attribution and the heteronym, #1540's reading of classifier-enforced human-only policies under the stated condition, and the registry's findings on the composition at the name.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "LS-01", "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-04", "LS-05", "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-08", "LS-09", "LS-10", "LS-11", "LS-12", "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-15", "LS-16", "LS-17", "LS-18", "LS-19", "LS-20", "LS-21", "LS-22", "D729-01", "D729-02", "D729-03", "D729-04", "D729-05", "D729-06", "D729-07", "D729-08", "D729-09", "D729-10", "O940-01", "O940-02", "O940-03", "O940-04", "O940-05", "O940-06", "O940-07", "O940-08", "O1722-01", "O1722-02", "O1722-03", "O1722-04", "O1722-05", "O1722-06", "O1722-07", "D1540-01", "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04" ], "guard": "ρ = extends claims an addition and no more (§1.2a). It does not make the field's sources wrong at their dates; where the archive's sense contradicts the certificate's definition taken as a theory of authorship, both are composed (P_coh), and the packet's statement that the positions can coexist is composed with them.", "considered": [ { "value": "constructs", "rejected": "the archive does not read the certificate as made by reception; it takes the Guild's own pages as the entity's account" }, { "value": "revises", "rejected": "the certificate is not the archive's entity; ρ = revises concerns the archive's own earlier statements" }, { "value": "witness case by the law of the suppressed witness", "rejected": "the field holds the entity's ontology; the archive's contest is of the certificate's theory of authorship, a contradiction composed within one claim space, and the archive's own packet holds that both positions can coexist (D729-03)" } ] }, "translation": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a certification of human authorship, with its mark and its public database", "field_claims": [ "F2" ], "received": "F2 (B1, ¶1 s1): \"Human Authored is a project of the Authors Guild that allows an author to certify that their book is created by a human.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01", "archive_claims": [ "LS-01" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "the definition: the text written by one or more humans, a de minimis use of AI excepted", "field_claims": [ "F3", "F12", "F15", "F22", "F59", "F61", "F74", "F83" ], "received": "F3 (B1, ¶1 s2): \"“Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for research.\" | F12 (B2, card 2 snippet): \"Purpose: Certify books fully authored by humans via the Authors Guild, allowing a de minimis use of generative AI (GAI) like spelling, grammar checks, indices, ...\" | F15 (B2, Program and Purpose: What does “Human Authored” mean?): \"“Human Authored” means that the text of the work was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by GAI, except that a de minimis (e.g., very small or trifling) amount of text may be generated or modified by or with the use of generative AI, e.g., through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications or to create indices.\" | F22 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: de minimis): \"We mirror the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance in this respect; more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text must be excluded from a copyright application and makes a work ineligible for Human Authored certification.\" | F59 (B4, ¶2): \"The certification mark may only be used in connection with literary works for which the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications).\" | F61 (B5, card 5 snippet): \"Authors Guild Expands 'Human Authored' Certification Program Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as \"Human Authored\" if the text was fully wr...\" | F74 (B6, ¶4 (the definition)): \"A literary work is “Human Authored” if the text itself was fully authored by one or more human beings and not generated by AI, except for a de minimis amount (such as through the use of AI-powered spelling and grammar check applications). Use of GAI to create a table of contents, indices, or other auxiliary parts of a book, or for researching, brainstorming, outlining, or any purposes other than generating text, does not disqualify a work from being Human Authored.\" | F83 (B8, search page ¶1 (the definition)): \"“Human Authored” means that the text of the book was written by a human and not generated by AI, with the exception of minimal uses, such as AI applications that check spelling and grammar or for brainstorming or research.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-16, LS-17", "archive_claims": [ "LS-16", "LS-17" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "permitted and excluded uses of AI, by part of the book", "field_claims": [ "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F66" ], "received": "F23 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶1): \"Using AI for outlining and brainstorming is acceptable only at a very high level, provided the AI use is merely preparatory and no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.\" | F24 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: outlining and brainstorming ¶2): \"Although the Human Authored definition looks at the text only, use of AI to replace human creativity or in a way that affects your copyrightable expression, including to develop characters and plot, is incorporated in the text and falls outside of the spirit of Human Authored, even if no actual AI-generated text appears in your work.\" | F25 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: editing): \"The use of common AI-powered grammar and spell-check tools that make suggestions or changes at the word level, such as those provided by MS Word, is acceptable and does not disqualify a work from certification. Using AI to rewrite full sentences or in any way that incorporates more than a de minimis amount of AI-generated text is not acceptable and makes the manuscript ineligible for Human Authored certification.\" | F26 (B2, Acceptable and Unacceptable AI Use: cover art; title; table of contents): \"No, even though cover art is not part of the copyrighted or certified text, using the Human Authored certification mark on AI-generated cover art goes against the spirit of the program and the usage guidelines. … Yes, the Human Authored certification applies only to the body of the work, not to titles, which are not copyrightable as they are short phrases.\" | F66 (B5, ¶5): \"Under the guidelines for the program, a work qualifies as \"Human Authored\" if the text was fully written by one or more humans, with an explicit exception for AI-powered spelling and grammar tools. Use of AI for tables of contents, indexes, research, brainstorming, or outlining does not disqualify a title.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "who and what may be certified: books published in the United States, formats, editions, several authors", "field_claims": [ "F4", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21" ], "received": "F4 (B1, ¶1 s3): \"Human Authored certification is available to all authors with books published in the United States who agree to the licensing terms.\" | F17 (B2, Eligibility: Who can sign up; I don’t live in the United States): \"Human Authored certification is available to all authors of books published in the United States through the Authors Guild. For books published in the United Kingdom, visit the Society of Authors. … The Authors Guild certifies books published in the United States regardless of where you live.\" | F18 (B2, Eligibility: collaborative work): \"Certification is available for both single-author and multi-author works. For multi-author works, each author must individually sign the agreement and, if they are not an Authors Guild member, pay the $10/title fee and verify their identity.\" | F19 (B2, Eligibility: collaborative work s3; anthology): \"Any author attempting to register a multi-author work will not be able to download the certification mark or receive a registration number until their co-author(s) have also completed the process. … An anthology must be registered using the same process as any other multi-author work.\" | F20 (B2, Eligibility: formats and editions): \"A single certification applies to any format (hardcover, paperback, ebook) of the same work, regardless of there being different ISBNs. … Note that translations and audiobook narrations are separate copyrights that require separate certifications.\" | F21 (B2, Eligibility: existing and unpublished works; non-book content): \"Authors may certify unpublished as well as published work. … Human Authored certification is currently only available for books, with plans to expand it to include articles and shorter works in the near future.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-04, CAP-1-07, LS-04, LS-05, LS-18, LS-19", "archive_claims": [ "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-07", "LS-04", "LS-05", "LS-18", "LS-19" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "requirements: licence, identity verification, fee", "field_claims": [ "F1", "F5", "F7", "F8", "F31", "F32", "F54", "F67" ], "received": "F1 (B1, card 1 snippet): \"Table_title: Certification Requirements Table_content: | | Authors Guild Members | Non-Members | | Licensing Agreement | Required | Required | | Identity Verifi...\" | F5 (B1, ¶2): \"Membership is not required but the $10/title fee and identity verification requirement are waived for Authors Guild members.\" | F7 (B1, Certification Requirements (table)): \"Licensing Agreement Required Required Identity Verification Not required Required Cost Free! (included in dues) $10/title\" | F8 (B1, Get Started, Not a Member ¶2): \"You will have to verify your identity through a third-party service and pay a $10/title registration fee.\" | F31 (B2, Registration: How do I obtain ¶3): \"Every author must have their identity verified before registering any book for certification. Authors Guild members are verified when they join the Authors Guild, but non-members must verify their identities through a third-party verification service to set up an account.\" | F32 (B2, Registration: Why do I have to be verified?): \"To run a reliable, trustworthy program, we must ensure that the persons certifying that they are the authors of the works registered (and that the work is Human Authored) are in fact who they say they are. … Veriff is a well-established, trusted individual identification system that complies with all important international standards.\" | F54 (B3, the Guild's response ¶7–8 (the fee)): \"We currently are charging members $10. … Members are verified when they join, so this only applies to non-members. There is a cost of around $2 a person.\" | F67 (B5, ¶6): \"Authors who want to participate must first register at authorsguild.org/human, then submit to a third-party identity verification process, sign a license agreement, and pay a fee of $10 per title. Certification remains free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified. The certification applies across hardcover, paperback, and e-book formats; translations and audiobook narrations require separate certifications. Previously published books are eligible, as are unpublished works. Authors are limited to 10 title certifications per year without special permission.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-02, LS-08, LS-10", "archive_claims": [ "CAP-1-02", "LS-08", "LS-10" ], "marks": { "F54": "internally_inconsistent (§4.3): the same letter's next lines apply the verification cost to non-members only, and the entity's own pages give certification free to members (F5, F7, F33)" } }, { "lineage": "enforcement and the stated limit: self-certification under licence, no vetting, no reliable detection", "field_claims": [ "F14", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F33", "F42", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F55", "F70" ], "received": "F14 (B2, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s2–s3): \"The author must register their book and agree to licensing terms attesting that the work contains no AI-generated text (other than a de minimis or trifling amount) before they may use the Human Authored certification mark. Each title receives its own registration number.\" | F27 (B2, Enforcement: misuse ¶1): \"When an author registers to certify their book, they must sign an agreement promising, representing, and warranting that the work is Human Authored (as defined here and in the license agreement). … if someone executes a license and uses the mark for a work for which some or all of the text was generated by AI, it is a breach of the license, as well as infringement, and potentially fraudulent representation to the consumer.\" | F28 (B2, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s1–s2): \"As of now, we are not aware of any truly reliable way to test whether a work includes AI-generated material, though this may change in the future. We are using a self-certification system with enforcement against those who misuse our mark, as is typical\" | F29 (B2, Enforcement: vetting ¶1 s2 (measures)): \"such as mandatory identity verification, limits on the number of new titles that can be registered in a year (exceptions will be made with express permission), the issuance of a unique registration number for each title, and a fee for use by non-members\" | F33 (B2, Registration: cost; why a fee): \"Authors Guild members currently receive certification at no cost. Non-members are charged a $10/title fee to support the program’s sustainability and enforcement efforts. … in the future we may also purchase AI detection software if we find one that is reliable.\" | F42 (B3, ¶5): \"I heard from the Authors Guild’s CEO, Mary Rasenberger, who wrote me that no AI detection tool exists today that is sufficiently accurate for their purposes, but if and when that time comes, they will use it.\" | F50 (B3, the Guild's response ¶3): \"We have protected against scammers by (1) requiring non-members to be verified through a well-known, third party identity verification system, (2) limiting the number of books that any one person can certify in a year without reaching out to us for an exception, (3) charging a small fee which will discourage scammers, and (4) providing a unique registration number for each title, with a public searchable database of registered titles, so that any use of a certification can be checked.\" | F51 (B3, the Guild's response ¶4): \"We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreement for each title registered that makes the user represent and warrant that the title was “Human Authored”—meaning the text of the work itself (excluding the table of contents or index) was written by one or more humans (excepting de minimis use for spell check and editing).\" | F52 (B3, the Guild's response ¶4 s2): \"if a licensee-author registers a book that the author knows contains AI generated text, they will be liable for breach of contract, trademark infringement, and likely consumer fraud under various laws.\" | F55 (B3, the Guild's response ¶7 (purpose of the fee)): \"We do not expect to break even from this project, much less earn money from it.\" | F70 (B5, ¶9): \"Rasenberger acknowledged that the Human Authored program does not currently vet manuscripts themselves for AI content prior to issuing certification and noted that no reliable detection method currently exists.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside D1540-02, D1540-03, D1540-04, D729-08, LS-01, LS-04, LS-08, LS-10, LS-14, LS-20, LS-22", "archive_claims": [ "D1540-02", "D1540-03", "D1540-04", "D729-08", "LS-01", "LS-04", "LS-08", "LS-10", "LS-14", "LS-20", "LS-22" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "the public database and the registration number", "field_claims": [ "F6", "F35", "F68", "F77", "F84", "F85" ], "received": "F6 (B1, Look Up a Human Authored Certification ¶): \"Human Authored certifications are listed in a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins. You can search for a title, authors, or Human Authored registration number to see and confirm the certification details.\" | F35 (B2, Usage of the Mark: registration number): \"Registering your work provides you with a registration number, but you do not always need to display the registration number in each use of the mark.\" | F68 (B5, ¶7): \"Each title in the program receives a unique registration number searchable in a public database and the use of the certification mark—a stylized human silhouette encircled by the words \"Human Authored\" and the tagline \"Certifying Human Creativity in an AI World\"—on a book's front or back cover, its copyright page, and in marketing materials and book listings.\" | F77 (B6, Program Details ¶2–4): \"Members of the public can search a public database to verify whether a particular title using the Human Author certification mark is registered as Human Authored. … Authors are limited to ten titles per year unless special permission is obtained. … All authors, whether or not they are Guild members, must sign a license agreement to receive their certification mark.\" | F84 (B8, search page ¶2): \"This page allows you to verify a Human Authored certification. You may search for a title, author, or Human Authored registration number (typically located on a book’s copyright page).\" | F85 (B8, search page ¶3): \"Please note that a lack of results for a title simply means that the work has not been registered as Human Authored, not that it is generated by AI.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01, LS-04, LS-08, LS-10, LS-14, LS-20, LS-22", "archive_claims": [ "LS-01", "LS-04", "LS-08", "LS-10", "LS-14", "LS-20", "LS-22" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "the mark: its form, its trademark status and its use", "field_claims": [ "F13", "F38", "F49", "F57", "F58", "F60", "F76" ], "received": "F13 (B2, Program and Purpose: What is Human Authored? s1): \"Human Authored is a registered certification mark owned by the Authors Guild that an author may use to indicate that their book was written by a human and not generated by AI.\" | F38 (B3, ¶1 s4): \"The logo and name are pending registration with the US Patent and Trademark Office and supported by a registration system that creates a public database where anyone can verify a book’s human origins.\" | F49 (B3, the Guild's response ¶2): \"We have a pending registered certification mark with the US Trademark Office … It is a licensed trademark program—not a logo that anyone can freely use.\" | F57 (B4, card 4 snippet): \"Definition: Human Authored is an Authors Guild certification mark indicating a book's text was fully human-written, excluding de minimis AI grammar/spelling too...\" | F58 (B4, ¶1): \"The mark, illustrated below, consists of the words Human Authored in a circle around a human silhouette. To use the Human Authored certification mark, an author or publisher must register the works they wish to certify as Human Authored and agree to the terms of the license.\" | F60 (B4, ¶3; Location; Size): \"Violation of the usage guidelines is violation of the license agreement. … Anywhere on the front or back cover of the registered work, though typically on the bottom right or left of the back cover; … Size: Do not show the certification mark bigger than 1 inch or smaller than 1/4 inch in diameter.\" | F76 (B6, Program Details ¶1): \"The Human Authored logo is a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office. The certification remains restricted to works where the text was written by humans.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01", "archive_claims": [ "LS-01" ], "marks": { "F13": "internally_inconsistent (§4.3): the entity's own announcement (B6) gives 'a certification mark with a pending application for registration in the US Patent and Trademark Office' (F76); card 3 gives 'pending registration' (F38) and quotes the Guild's 'pending registered certification mark' (F49)" } }, { "lineage": "genealogy: a beta for members in January 2025, the expansion of March 2026, publishers in bulk", "field_claims": [ "F10", "F34", "F37", "F62", "F63", "F71", "F72" ], "received": "F10 (B1, More Info): \"Announcement of the expanded Human Authored program … FAQs about the Human Authored certification … Usage guidelines for the Human Author certification mark\" | F34 (B2, Usage of the Mark: updated logo): \"The Authors Guild issued an updated logo in March 2026. I obtained an earlier version of the certification mark first released in January 2025.\" | F37 (B3, ¶1 s1–s2): \"Recently, the Authors Guild expanded its human certification program for books to non-members (and the UK’s Society of Authors has partnered up on it as well). If you haven’t heard of this program, it was first launched in January 2025 for Authors Guild members only.\" | F62 (B5, byline; ¶1): \"By Ed Nawotka | Mar 04, 2026 The Authors Guild announced it has expanded its \"Human Authored\" certification program beyond its own membership to any author whose books are published in the United States. The organization also said that U.S. publishers will be able to purchase certifications in bulk beginning this month, and released an updated logo for the program.\" | F63 (B5, ¶2): \"The certification program, which launched in beta for Guild members in January 2025, allows authors and publishers to place a trademarked seal on books to signal that the text was written by a human rather than generated by artificial intelligence.\" | F71 (B6, title and date): \"Authors Guild Launches Expanded “Human Authored” Certification Program March 2, 2026\" | F72 (B6, ¶1): \"The program was launched in beta exclusively for members in January 2025, based on demand, and today the Authors Guild announces its expansion to all authors whose books are published in the United States. Next week, the Authors Guild will open the program up to U.S. publishers to purchase certifications in bulk.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-05, D729-01, LS-12, LS-20", "archive_claims": [ "CAP-1-05", "D729-01", "LS-12", "LS-20" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "how many: authors and titles certified", "field_claims": [ "F64", "F75" ], "received": "F64 (B5, ¶3): \"Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger said that since its launch last year, more than 3,000 authors have certified 5,000 titles under the program.\" | F75 (B6, ¶6): \"Since its initial beta launch for Guild members, the Human Authored certification has already gained remarkable traction in the publishing industry. Authors Guild members have added the certification to thousands of books\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-11", "archive_claims": [ "LS-11" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "purpose and the labelling question", "field_claims": [ "F9", "F16", "F47", "F48", "F65", "F73", "F78" ], "received": "F9 (B1, heading and tagline): \"Distinguish human creativity in an increasingly AI world.\" | F16 (B2, Program and Purpose: labeling backwards): \"We agree that books that contain significant AI-generated text and other AI-generated content should be labeled as such. … In the meantime, our members wanted to be able to distinguish their work. The mark gives authors who wish to affirmatively distinguish their work as human authored the ability to do so.\" | F47 (B3, ¶11): \"Meanwhile, other people have argued that the Authors Guild has this notification system backward—that it’s AI-created work that should be labeled as such. One author wrote, “What if I step into a bookstore and I see some books with the Authors Guild’s Human Authored Certification Mark on them; will that mean that all those other books that don’t have the mark mean they were created by AI?\" | F48 (B3, the Guild's response ¶1): \"We created this program because our members asked for it.\" | F65 (B5, ¶4 (Rasenberger)): \"In the absence of a ruling of some kind that would force AI-generated books to be labeled as such, this is the next best solution.\" | F73 (B6, ¶3 s2): \"We believe that book consumers have the right to know whether a book they are purchasing or borrowing from a library was written by a human or was generated using AI.\" | F78 (B6, Program Details ¶5 (Rasenberger)): \"By opening this program to all authors nationwide, we’re empowering writers to take control of their professional identity and offering peace of mind for readers who want to support human authors and experience genuine human storytelling.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside D729-02", "archive_claims": [ "D729-02" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "reception: the honor-system critique and the Guild's answer", "field_claims": [ "F30", "F36", "F39", "F41", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46", "F53", "F56" ], "received": "F30 (B2, Enforcement: vetting ¶2): \"Some people have expressed concern that a self-certifying system is just based on the honor system and not trustable. But self-certification is a standard practice in the publishing industry and in formal legal agreements more broadly.\" | F36 (B3, card 3 snippet): \"Here is the full response from Mary Rasenberger at the Authors Guild. We also prevent fraudulent certification by requiring all users to sign a license agreemen...\" | F39 (B3, ¶1 s5): \"(Disclosure: I am a member of the Authors Guild and have a marketing partnership with them for my industry newsletter, The Bottom Line.)\" | F41 (B3, ¶4): \"I find it problematic that certification is done on the honor system. That means the Authors Guild is not analyzing the manuscript for evidence of AI use but taking the author’s word for it.\" | F43 (B3, ¶7): \"my hunch is that the number of works with some percentage of AI-generated or AI-assisted text within their pages is approaching 25 to 50 percent for nonfiction in particular and may soon be the majority.\" | F44 (B3, ¶8): \"I also don’t see evidence in the market that human authorship certification means anything (yet) to readers.\" | F45 (B3, ¶9 s1): \"Personally, I believe this desire for certification says more about people who desire to broadcast a strong anti-AI stance or who don’t feel secure in the current market.\" | F46 (B3, ¶10 s1): \"I also have concerns about false accusations by authors against other authors they don’t like (it’s already a well-worn insult on social media to accuse writers, or anyone, of using AI)\" | F53 (B3, the Guild's response ¶5): \"I know you find the notion of “self-certification” meaningless because people will not be honest. But we do not agree. First, in our experience, most authors are honest and also are concerned about liability.\" | F56 (B3, closing ¶ and date line): \"March 17, 2026March 16, 2026 by Jane Friedman … While I still believe this certification has negligible value in the market\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside O1722-01", "archive_claims": [ "O1722-01" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "the field beside it: other certifications of human authorship and detection services", "field_claims": [ "F40", "F69" ], "received": "F40 (B3, ¶3): \"I have noticed a handful of competing efforts to certify human-written work, such as Verify My Writing. It uses Pangram, considered the industry leader in AI detection, to issue a human score (0–100) based on the likelihood and amount of human-written content.\" | F69 (B5, ¶8): \"In June 2024, Created by Humans launched to offer similar self-verification and collective AI-licensing opportunities. Later that year, the company partnered with the Authors Guild, bringing Rasenberger on as an advisor. In 2025, Books by People started in the U.K., offering publishers a visible stamp for book covers, a certification ID, and a listing in a public directory.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside D729-01", "archive_claims": [ "D729-01" ], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "field_claims": [ "F79", "F80", "F81", "F82" ], "received": "F79 (B7, Human_Authored, raw wikitext (HTTP 200)): \"#REDIRECT [[Authors Guild#Human Authored]]\" | F80 (B7, Human_Authored_Certification, raw (HTTP 404)): \"title=Human_Authored_Certification&action=raw : HTTP 404\" | F81 (B7, Authors Guild § Human Authored): \"The certification is available for books published in the United States, and is free for members of the guild and available for a fee ($10 {{as of|2026|lc=yes}}) for non-members. Books with this certification are listed in an open-access database which can be checked online.\" | F82 (B7, Authors Guild § Human Authored, s3 and its reference): \"Kit Eaton, writing in ''[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]]'' in October 2024 ahead of the launch of the project, suggested that the certification would be akin to food being labeled \"[[Organic certification|organic]]\".\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [], "marks": {} }, { "lineage": "operator: the Authors Guild", "field_claims": [ "F11" ], "received": "F11 (B1, footer): \"© Authors Guild All Rights Reserved.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01", "archive_claims": [ "LS-01" ], "marks": {} } ], "receiving_texts": "equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with" }, "measure": { "rule": "§4.10: KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/apply_v09.py does)", "v0.10": { "surviving": 0, "of": 13, "positions": [ null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null ] }, "opening_run": { "rule": "§5.10 (equal-terms case): the field-only KO's sentences as the KO's opening run in their own order", "breach": false }, "blocks": { "rule": "§4.1 (equal-terms case): the KO does not open with the field as a block or close with the archive as one; sentences typed by the ledgers of the claims they cite (F field-only, A archive-only, M both)", "sequence": "MAMFMFMFFAFFAFFFMFFFAAAAFFFAFFFFFMAAAAFFFFMMFMAAAMMAMAAAAMM", "field_only_head": 0, "archive_only_tail": 0, "breach": false }, "max_similarity": [ 0.362, 0.296, 0.219, 0.144, 0.401, 0.391, 0.458, 0.437, 0.169, 0.196, 0.117, 0.189, 0.09 ], "ko_sentence_1_max_similarity_to_KO_B": 0.362 }, "homonyms": { "names": [], "basis": "No homonym at T: the registry's per_dim records the reached entity as 'same', and every card concerns the certification. 'Human Authored' is also the general phrase 'human-authored', which the field and the archive use of work generally (e.g. the archive's substrate lines 'Human-authored (Lee Sharks, MANUS)' in #1082 and #1685); that usage is a phrase and no entity.", "distinct_entities": [ "the Authors Guild, the program's operator (F2, F11)", "the Society of Authors' scheme for books published in the United Kingdom, which partners on the program (F17, F37; D729-01)", "Created by Humans (June 2024), partnered with the Guild (F69)", "Books by People (UK, 2025) (F69)", "Verify My Writing, a detector-based certification using Pangram (F40)", "Veriff, the identity verification service (F32)", "the U.S. Copyright Office's guidance on AI-generated material, the threshold the definition mirrors (F22)", "the Authors Guild article on Wikipedia, whose section the name redirects to (F79, F81)", "the Guild's litigation and settlement frameworks (#127), a different matter of the Guild" ], "substitutes": { "T": [] }, "register": { "address_1": { "slug": "authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101", "obs_id": "OBS-98ba77f48a52" } } }, "notes": [ "One address, Google AI Overview (expanded), signed out, incognito, 2026-11-01: authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101 (OBS-98ba77f48a52, ADDR-56665cc3c367, AXN:0B7D.CAPTURE.✨🏔️🔀📌🌔🌒), five cards, 231 words in the answer body with its closer. A NEW address, run on the census name (CAP-1-08); the census record was compiled the same night and no card cites it.", "Fetching, with the agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)': the cards carry no URL in the registry; each was found by resolving the body's Google redirect links (five distinct tokens, each HTTP 302 to a card's page), and the FAQ and the usage guidelines are also linked from the program page. Card 1 refetched at 06:49:37Z, its body text identical to the census's saved copy (B1.html, used); cards 2–5 at 06:49:38Z–06:49:43Z; the announcement (B6) and the database page (B8), both linked from the program page, at 06:49:43Z and 06:58:13Z. Wikipedia: raw and rendered at 06:50:55Z–06:50:57Z; the API 429 twice and once on retry, recorded as unreachable. No lookup was run in the database (its form posts with a session token).", "Pools (v0.10 §3.1(a)): B_D = B1–B5 (the five cards; the body's two named links are B1, and Veriff is named on B2, each carried once); B_R = B6 and B8 (own pages, fetched by this row; the census's only own page, B1, is in B_D) and B7 (Wikipedia). No census_third_party source.", "Census fields a fetched source contradicts or shows out of date (reported; not fixed): lifecycle.detail 'no launch date on the saved page' and unchecked 'the program's launch date' — the beta launched for members in January 2025 and the expansion was announced on 2 March 2026 (B6, F71–F72; B5, F62–F63; B3, F37; B2, F34); count 'not stated in the saved source' — the CEO's figure, more than 3,000 authors and 5,000 titles (B5, F64), and 'thousands of books' (B6, F75); record.name 'members are exempt from that requirement' — the FAQ gives the ground, members 'are verified when they join', and every author is verified before registering (B2, F31; B5 'pre-verified', F67); stated_limits quotes one form of the definition, and the database page's own form adds brainstorming (B8, F83) while the FAQ, the guidelines and the announcement require the text 'fully authored by one or more human beings' (F15, F59, F74); holdings and unchecked 'the FAQs, the usage guidelines and the announcement (linked; unsaved)' — now read (B2, B4, B6). Still unread: the licensing agreement; no fetched page states a rule on pen names (LS-07 stands).", "Capture findings the field ledger shows incomplete (reported; not fixed): CAP-1-02 says verification on joining 'is on no saved page'; that holds of the census's saved program page, and the cards T surfaced state it (card 2, the FAQ: 'Authors Guild members are verified when they join', F31; card 5: 'free for Authors Guild members, who are pre-verified', F67), so T composes it from B_D at grain. CAP-1-03 says outlining and brainstorming, the cap, the exclusions and the sizes are 'on cards whose pages the census did not save'; the fetched pages confirm each (F66, F74 own page; F67; F20, F21; F60), and the widening T makes follows card 5 (F66), with the FAQ's 'only at a very high level' the limit T drops (F23).", "Internal inconsistencies marked (§4.3): the mark 'registered' in the FAQ (F13) against 'pending' in the announcement, card 3 and the Guild's letter (F76, F38, F49); the Guild's letter's 'We currently are charging members $10' (F54) against the program page, the FAQ and Publishers Weekly (F5, F7, F33, F67).", "String pass: 'Human Authored' searched case-sensitively; three deposits name the entity (#127, #729, #1369). The second configured class (detection of AI-generated text) is one the field and the census distinguish the entity from; its candidates were read and admitted only where the deposit's object is a certification of human composition (#1540). Hop: 96 candidates, each read by term scan with the returned passages read in context (reading.json).", "Composer: a Claude model. The archive's #1722, #1540 and #729 declare composition with Claude among their substrates; the composer is a product of the kind of machine participation the certificate's definition excludes from its text, a relation stated here and composed nowhere." ], "composition": { "source": "this row (composed directly; no rebuild file)", "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-01", "defining_material_read": [ { "what": "leesharks.com authorship census record, row", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/leesharks.com/data/authorship-census/census.json (rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'], organizing_question, anchor, areas, schema_note, admission_rule, unread_sources); data/authorship-census/rows/authors-guild-human-authored.py", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the census's saved source", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/leesharks.com/data/authorship-census/sources/authors-guild-human-authored--home.{html.gz,txt} and manifest.json", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "Capture Registry entry", "file": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json entries[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101']", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the field's saved texts", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/authors-guild-human-authored-20261101/B1–B8 (.txt; B7.txt the Wikipedia record)", "read": "whole (B3's comments below the post read and not extracted)" }, { "what": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B2A-text.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01", "file": "data/texts/AXN-03B8-text.md", "read": "at the loci bearing on the entity's kind (§0–§2, §5–§7)" }, { "what": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure, with #1369", "file": "data/texts/AXN-027C-text.md; AXN-056A-text.md", "read": "§0–§3, §8, §13; #1369 compared line by line" }, { "what": "#1540 The Certified Center", "file": "data/texts/AXN-063A-text.md", "read": "provenance kernel, declaration of production, abstract, §I ¶1–5" }, { "what": "the specification", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B79-text.md (#1726)", "read": "§0–§11" }, { "what": "the briefs", "file": "rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AUTHORSHIP.md; v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LABOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LEFT.md", "read": "whole" } ], "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "cuts": [], "notes": "equal case; KO 59 sentences, all 85 field and 59 archive claims cited; P body 300 words; KO_B 13 sentences." }, "composition_v09": { "source": "this row (composed directly; no rebuild file)", "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-01", "defining_material_read": [ { "what": "leesharks.com authorship census record, row", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/leesharks.com/data/authorship-census/census.json (rows[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored'], organizing_question, anchor, areas, schema_note, admission_rule, unread_sources); data/authorship-census/rows/authors-guild-human-authored.py", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the census's saved source", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/leesharks.com/data/authorship-census/sources/authors-guild-human-authored--home.{html.gz,txt} and manifest.json", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "Capture Registry entry", "file": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json entries[slug == 'authors-guild-human-authored-certification-aio-20261101']", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the field's saved texts", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/authors-guild-human-authored-20261101/B1–B8 (.txt; B7.txt the Wikipedia record)", "read": "whole (B3's comments below the post read and not extracted)" }, { "what": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B2A-text.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01", "file": "data/texts/AXN-03B8-text.md", "read": "at the loci bearing on the entity's kind (§0–§2, §5–§7)" }, { "what": "#729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure, with #1369", "file": "data/texts/AXN-027C-text.md; AXN-056A-text.md", "read": "§0–§3, §8, §13; #1369 compared line by line" }, { "what": "#1540 The Certified Center", "file": "data/texts/AXN-063A-text.md", "read": "provenance kernel, declaration of production, abstract, §I ¶1–5" }, { "what": "the specification", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B79-text.md (#1726)", "read": "§0–§11" }, { "what": "the briefs", "file": "rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AUTHORSHIP.md; v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LABOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LEFT.md", "read": "whole" } ], "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "cuts": [], "notes": "equal case; 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