The Negative of the Negative › entity microsoft-working-with-ai

One entity of the Negative of the Negative (EA-NEGONT-02, #1690), cited at https://www.alexanarch.org/non/microsoft-working-with-ai/. the table of contents · this entity as data · contents as data · the dataset on the Hub · row json · field ledger · archive ledger · D/R/O traversal · the address page · the Labor Vector meta-aggregator record.

A reader that fetches this page may stop short of its end; the entry's text, every sentence of its knowledge object with the claims it cites and each claim's quote, source and locus, is in entity.json beside it.

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations

SPXI instrument · method 0.16 of 87, level 0 (Measurement): The Negative of the Negative (/non). An instrument of SPXI, the Semantic Packet for eXchange & Indexing; the whole practice is itemized at spxi.dev/methods.

type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a paper with results files, a provider's observation of its own product's use; an entity of the Labor Vector meta-aggregator) · sought at Microsoft Working with AI

composed 2026-10-29 under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690, equal case, ρ = extends (draft, not frozen; ledgers unaudited, one extractor; checked by the session and the page builder)

AXN AXN:0AFF.NON.🛤️🔭♠️🕗♦️🌍 · root AXN:0AFF.NON

composed in session · Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-10-29

This row was composed in session. SPXI-gnΩsis (gnosis.spxi.dev) opens a Wikipedia revision sentence by sentence against the sources it cites; a commission consults the archive by its own procedure and composes the entity's row here; a quote to recompose this entity is free.

Google AI Overview (expanded)epoch 2026-10-29
not frozentype C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a paper with results files, a provider's observation of its own product's use; an entity of the Labor Vector meta-aggregator)signed out, incognitoknowledge object · 29 sentences

EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the Labor Vector census record, the capture record and the deposits that bear on the entity's class (#771, #1392); archive selected by D/R/O (no D or R by reading: no archive text names the study; 1 deposit admitted by reading at O-class with 7 claims and 1 grouped as an instance; class pass of 34 sentences and hop of 18 read and rejected), with the Labor Vector census record and its worked questions (48 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings, reading, analysis, query note and PER reading (13 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by four origins (7 cards, 6 of them the homonym's; 2 own pages; 1 census third-party source; Wikipedia, no article, one citing article); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta. Ledger: unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 50/50 verified by script against saved text, the Wikipedia 404 text or the card text; archive quotes 68/68 verified against #771, census.json, questions.json and the registry.

WORKING KNOWLEDGE OBJECT · NOT FROZEN · LEDGER UNAUDITED

Current instantiation — composed under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9 (#1690)

Compression · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)Microsoft Working with AI

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations is Microsoft Research's paper and results files (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts, Suri; arXiv 2025, v7 2026) measuring AI's applicability to occupations from 200,000 conversations on Microsoft's own Bing Copilot (paper; README; record); its authors state it does not measure AI's ability to replace jobs (README).

🧭 What it records

  • Unit: a conversation classified to O*NET work activities, as user goal and as AI action (README; Labor Vector record).3↘
    The unit is a conversation classified to the O*NET intermediate work activities it serves, as a user goal and as an AI action, reported separately and aggregated to work activities and to detailed 2018 SOC occupations (README; Labor Vector record), so that the labor it records is the work activities users seek help with and those the AI performs, mapped to the occupations whose tasks contain them (Labor Vector record, with its worked questions).§6 On the record, users bring the goals and the AI performs actions, the two reported separately (README; Labor Vector record), while who receives the gains is "not recorded", and "who receives gains from the assisted work" is among what this evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record).§14 The archive reads the entity's separation of user goal from AI action, and its completion classifier (README), as the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission, meeting DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback, with task-origin recorded as the user goal; the schema keeps that reading apart from the resource's own terms (Labor Vector record, the archive's reading).§17
  • Pipeline: an LLM classifier, "imperfect", read "with caution" (README; paper; Labor Vector record).1↘
    An LLM-based pipeline, designed by Tomlinson, Suri and Counts, classifies "the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation" (arXiv; README), and the authors state that "LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution", referring to the paper for the prompts and the interrater reliability (README), which the record lists among what it left unchecked, with the results files and the Copilot-Thumbs data (Labor Vector record).§7
  • Score: completion, impact scope and thumbs feedback, user and AI sides averaged (README; Microsoft Research).2↘
    Success is measured three ways, by completion (where the completion classifier, "classfiier" as the README writes it, indicates "that the LLM completed the user’s goal"), by impact scope classified moderate or higher, and by the thumbs-up fraction in Copilot-Thumbs (README), and the activity classifications combined with task success and scope of impact give an AI applicability score for each occupation, the user-goal and AI-action sides averaged (the Microsoft Research page; README).§8 The archive reads the entity's separation of user goal from AI action, and its completion classifier (README), as the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission, meeting DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback, with task-origin recorded as the user goal; the schema keeps that reading apart from the resource's own terms (Labor Vector record, the archive's reading).§17
  • Window: US, January–September 2024; 785 occupations, 149.8 million workers (README).1↘
    They come from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English and not filtered by language, and "may not represent AI usage in other countries" (README); the occupations covered are 785 SOC codes, 149.8 million of 151.9 million workers in the 2023 OEWS data (README), the window and counts the record carries, with use outside the United States or after September 2024 among what the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record).§5

📊 What it finds

  • Information work: the most common and successful use; applicability across sectors (paper v7).1↘
    The current abstract states them as information work, "the creation, processing, and communication of information": the most common and successful AI-assisted activities involve it, and applicability cuts across sectors because most occupations have information-work components (arXiv v7; Labor Vector record).§10
  • By group (2025): highest for computer and mathematical, office support, sales (Microsoft Research).1↘
    The findings were first stated by occupation group: users seek help most with gathering information and writing, the AI itself most often provides information and assistance, writes, teaches and advises, the highest scores fall to knowledge work groups such as computer and mathematical and office and administrative support and to occupations such as sales, and real-world usage is compared with predictions of occupational AI impact and applicability correlated with wage and education (July 2025, the Microsoft Research page).§9
  • Trend: rising over nine months, with more varied tasks (paper).1↘
    Over the nine months occupation-level applicability rose, "driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks" (arXiv v7; Labor Vector record).§11
  • Delegation: predicts which occupations delegate to AI and which use it to assist (paper; Labor Vector record).1↘
    The authors state that their methodology "allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows" (arXiv v7), and the record gives this as who directs the labor, the user's goal as classified, the method separating occupations that delegate from those that use AI to assist (Labor Vector record).§12

⚠️ Its limits

  • Not replacement: not "the ability of AI to replace jobs"; no employment outcome (README; Labor Vector record).2↘
    The authors' limit is explicit, "Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs" (README), and the record carries it as a stated limit, a negative tag and a question the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record); the operator's publication page links a note titled "Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations" (the Microsoft Research page).§20 It is not an employment outcome measure and cannot answer employment or wage change (Labor Vector record); in the census's question of which sources observe employment change and which estimate exposure it is "estimated from use", and "No record establishes that exposure causes the employment change" (Labor Vector worked questions).§23
  • Proxies: an occupation is more than its tasks; the metrics show use and relative success (README).2↘
    Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations is a paper with results files by Microsoft Research (Kiran Tomlinson, Sonia Jaffe, Will Wang, Scott Counts and Siddharth Suri), known also as Working with AI, by its AI applicability score and by its repository microsoft/working-with-ai (Labor Vector record), and the goal of its metrics is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations" (its README).§1 "There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks", and completion, scope and thumbs feedback "are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities" (README; Labor Vector record); what the metrics indicate instead is what a consumer LLM is used for, which uses are relatively more or less successful, and which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable, from how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used (README; Labor Vector record).§21
  • Consumer use: not the workplace's specialized tools (README; Labor Vector record).1↘
    Consumer use "does not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace", where AI tools are integrated into specialized software or chosen for their capability or for compliance (README), and the record tags it as no measure of all workplace AI use and as unable to answer for workplace-integrated or specialised tools (Labor Vector record).§22

⚖️ Who supplies, directs, gains

  • Supplies, directs: labor with AI: users bring goals, the AI acts; the goal as classified directs (Labor Vector record).4↘
    The unit is a conversation classified to the O*NET intermediate work activities it serves, as a user goal and as an AI action, reported separately and aggregated to work activities and to detailed 2018 SOC occupations (README; Labor Vector record), so that the labor it records is the work activities users seek help with and those the AI performs, mapped to the occupations whose tasks contain them (Labor Vector record, with its worked questions).§6 The census places the entity at one intersection, labor performed with AI, "assistance, delegation, task fidelity, correction burdens and user labor drag", and asks of it its organizing question, "Who supplies the labor, who directs it, and who receives its gains — and what kind of evidence does this resource bring to that question?", each answer as the resource records it, or 'not recorded' (Labor Vector record and schema).§13 On the record, users bring the goals and the AI performs actions, the two reported separately (README; Labor Vector record), while who receives the gains is "not recorded", and "who receives gains from the assisted work" is among what this evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record).§14 The archive reads the entity's separation of user goal from AI action, and its completion classifier (README), as the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission, meeting DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback, with task-origin recorded as the user goal; the schema keeps that reading apart from the resource's own terms (Labor Vector record, the archive's reading).§17
  • Gains: not recorded (Labor Vector record).1↘
    On the record, users bring the goals and the AI performs actions, the two reported separately (README; Labor Vector record), while who receives the gains is "not recorded", and "who receives gains from the assisted work" is among what this evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record).§14
  • Direction: labor flows relative to the commissioned task, across five layers, span by span; provenance is task-origin (#771).2↘
    Of that class the archive's Directionality of Semantic Labor holds that a synthetic labor surface "*allocates* labor, and that allocation has a direction relative to the commissioned task", the deepest erasure being of task-origin, which "can occur upstream of, and invisibly to, any audit of the finished artifact", and that provenance is task-origin as well as claim-origin, since "a system can produce fluent, well-attributed output while having abandoned the user's commissioned direction" (#771).§15 Its measure runs across five points of a transaction, capacity, task-origin, retrieval, output and attribution, with erasure possible at each, and scores output span by span by its function relative to the commissioned task (#771).§16
  • Where it meets DSL: goal against action and the completion classifier, the archive's reading (Labor Vector record); single values on one-shot tasks, labor drag by blind coding (#771).3↘
    Success is measured three ways, by completion (where the completion classifier, "classfiier" as the README writes it, indicates "that the LLM completed the user’s goal"), by impact scope classified moderate or higher, and by the thumbs-up fraction in Copilot-Thumbs (README), and the activity classifications combined with task success and scope of impact give an AI applicability score for each occupation, the user-goal and AI-action sides averaged (the Microsoft Research page; README).§8 The archive reads the entity's separation of user goal from AI action, and its completion classifier (README), as the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission, meeting DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback, with task-origin recorded as the user goal; the schema keeps that reading apart from the resource's own terms (Labor Vector record, the archive's reading).§17 The archive bounds its own instrument: it yields a single reproducible value only where the task vector is "*exogenous and fixed* — a one-shot commission"; a scored model may not freely infer the task it is scored against, inference being identified only when constrained to the user's own input and rederivable by an independent auditor, frozen protocol or blind panel; and user labor drag, the user's labor redirected into managing the substrate, which "leaves no residue" in the artifact, is identified only by blind inter-rater coding (#771).§18

🏛️ Record and reception

  • Provider's own product: Microsoft's data on Microsoft's assistant (README; Labor Vector record).1↘
    The conversations are Microsoft's own: the results "were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft" (README), and the record, which gives interaction data as one of its kinds of evidence, tags it "NOT independent of the provider: a platform-specific observation of Microsoft's own product, published by Microsoft Research" (Labor Vector record).§4
  • Published: CC BY 4.0, results v1.1, IRB-approved (README; paper; Labor Vector record).1↘
    The paper was submitted on 10 July 2025 and revised to v7 on 23 October 2026 for NeurIPS 2026, 50 pages (arXiv), its results files at v1.1, which add a physical-task classification and nonphysical weights and score (README); the scores and component metrics are published (arXiv) on GitHub under CC BY 4.0, the lifecycle active over a fixed 2024 data window (README; Labor Vector record), and the analysis was approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (README).§24
  • Cited: a related score in the Anthropic Economic Index (Anthropic; Labor Vector record).1↘
    The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report cites it, "See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score" (Anthropic Economic Index), and the record sets the two side by side, each classifying one provider's own conversations to O*NET work (Labor Vector record).§25
  • Wikipedia: no article; cited for forty jobs, obsolescence reports and criticism (Wikipedia).1↘
    Wikipedia has no article for it ("Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name"); its article on the workplace impact of artificial intelligence says that "A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI", that "Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete", and that critics held it misrepresented typical workplace activities, the historian Chris Campbell arguing that its methods "de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills" (Wikipedia).§26
  • At its name: the Overview composed Microsoft's products and buyouts, a homonym; the study's card first, unused (Capture Registry; the cards).3↘
    At the address "Microsoft Working with AI", the study's short title with its operator's name, Google's AI Overview on 29 October 2026 gave the name its other sense, Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, a distinct entity, describing how Microsoft uses AI and what that has meant for its staff (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29), from cards on Microsoft Copilot for work, Microsoft's AI business tools, Copilot plans for individuals, the company's own AI transformation, buyouts offered to 60,000 employees and its MAI models (the cards).§27 The study's card headed the rail with its finding in the snippet and the composition drew nothing from it: at an address shaped like its title the study is outranked by its own operator, Microsoft named with no author of the study and no identifier, the provider's observation not composed at all, and the closing offer on how AI is changing specific job roles the nearest point to its question (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).§28 The composition's Microsoft Copilot is the product line whose consumer conversations the study observes, given as a product and not as the source of an observation, and the record's negative tag, that the score is not a measure of AI's ability to replace jobs, sits beside an answer whose one labor line is a workforce buyout; the record had landed the same day, no card cites it, and the finding was checked against it and the sources it saved (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).§29
1what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real useMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft9 claims · B1, B8, B9, LV
  • LV-01 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].name stipulation
    Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations
  • LV-02 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].kind stipulation
    paper with results files (metrics aggregated at the work-activity and occupation level)
  • LV-03 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].aka stipulation
    ["Working with AI", "AI applicability score", "\"Working with AI\" results files", "microsoft/working-with-ai"]
  • F10 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s3 documented · field
    The goal of these metrics is to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations.
  • F31 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s2–3 documented · field
    Earlier work on AI impact largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms. Drawing instead on real-world AI usage, we analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot to measure AI applicability to occupations.
  • F2 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s2 documented · field
    In this work, we take a step toward that goal by analyzing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and broadly those activities are done, and combine that with data on what occupations do those activities.
  • LV-07 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].evidence_kind stipulation
    ["interaction data", "exposure estimate", "data access"]
  • F21 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s3 documented · field
    Rather, our metrics indicate (1) what a consumer LLM is used for, (2) in a relative sense, which of these uses are more or less successful, and (3) which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable as a result.
  • F9 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s2 documented · field
    These describe how often Bing Copilot was used for different work activities, how successfully, and what this usage indicates about which occupations AI may be applicable to.
2operator, authors and ethicsown page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)3 claims · B8, LV
  • LV-04 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].operator documented
    Microsoft Research (Kiran Tomlinson, Sonia Jaffe, Will Wang, Scott Counts, Siddharth Suri)
  • F28 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Contact s1 documented · field
    This research was conducted by members of [Microsoft Research](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/).
  • F27 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Ethics ¶1 documented · field
    Data analysis was conducted with approval from the Microsoft Institutional Review Board.
3the data: one provider's own product, Bing CopilotMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft2 claims · B1, B8
  • F3 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s3 documented · field
    We analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized and privacy-scrubbed conversations between users and Microsoft Bing Copilot, a publicly available generative AI system.
  • F22 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Data creation and processing ¶1 documented · field
    These results were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft and consists of conversations between users and Bing Copilot.
4why: the economic effects of AIMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft2 claims · B1, B9
  • F1 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s1 documented · field
    Given the rapid adoption of generative AI and its potential to impact a wide range of tasks, understanding the effects of AI on the economy is one of society’s most important questions.
  • F30 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s1 documented · field
    With generative AI emerging as a general-purpose technology, understanding its economic effects is among society's most pressing questions.
5a provider's observation of its own productLV3 claims · LV, capture-registry
  • LV-38 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].negative_tags.3 stipulation
    NOT independent of the provider: a platform-specific observation of Microsoft's own product, published by Microsoft Research
  • LV-47 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'working-with-ai'].why interpretation
    A provider's record of its own users, a classification of one assistant's conversations, and a benchmark of constructed tasks each describe labor performed with AI from a different position.
  • CAP-1-12 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, per_dim.read.notes s4 interpretation
    The composition's 'Microsoft Copilot' is the product line whose consumer conversations (as Bing Copilot) the target observes, here composed as a product, not as the source of an observation.
6coverage: the United States, January–September 2024own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)7 claims · B8, LV
  • F18 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Transparency, Intended uses ¶2 documented · field
    The conversations contributing to these results are from Bing Copilot in the United States from January 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024, so may not represent AI usage in other countries.
  • F26 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The majority of conversations were in English, but we did not filter by language.
  • F17 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Missing data ¶1 documented · field
    This leaves us with 785 SOC codes covering 149.8 million workers according to the 2023 BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data (total US employment in 2023 OEWS data is 151.9 million).
  • LV-14 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].coverage documented
    {"geography": "United States (Bing Copilot conversations)", "period": "1 January 2024 to 30 September 2024"}
  • LV-15 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].count.value documented
    200k conversations; 785 SOC codes covering 149.8 million workers (2023 OEWS)
  • LV-23 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.4 attributed
    United States only, January to September 2024
  • LV-28 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.3 interpretation
    use outside the United States or after September 2024
7the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupationsown page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)5 claims · B8, LV
  • F11 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s1 documented · field
    In particular, they include our metrics aggregated at the O*NET intermediate work activity (IWA) and occupation (detailed 2018 SOC code) level.
  • F12 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), File descriptions, iwa_metrics.csv documented · field
    `iwa_metrics.csv`: IWA-level metrics, reported separately for user goals and AI actions.
  • LV-08 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].unit stipulation
    an anonymized Bing Copilot conversation, classified by an LLM pipeline to the O*NET intermediate work activities (IWAs) it serves as a user goal and as an AI action; metrics aggregated to IWAs and to detailed 2018 SOC occupations
  • LV-09 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].labor_object stipulation
    the O*NET work activities that Bing Copilot users seek help with (user goals) and that the AI performs (AI actions), mapped to the occupations whose tasks contain them
  • LV-46 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'working-with-ai'].resources[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].role interpretation
    Bing Copilot conversations, 2024, classified as user goals and AI actions
8the pipeline: an LLM classifier and its limitown page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7)5 claims · B8, B9, LV
  • F32 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s4 documented · field
    We use an LLM-based pipeline to classify the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation.
  • F23 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Data creation and processing ¶2 s1 documented · field
    The classification of conversations into IWAs was performed by an LLM pipeline designed by Kiran Tomlinson, Siddharth Suri, and Scott Counts.
  • LV-13 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].method stipulation
    an LLM-based pipeline classifying 200k anonymized Bing Copilot conversations to O*NET work activities, with completion, impact-scope and thumbs-feedback measures combined into an occupation-level AI applicability score
  • F24 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶2 s1–2 documented · field
    LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution. See the paper for the exact prompts we used and for interrater reliability with human annotators.
  • LV-22 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.3 attributed
    LLM-based classifiers are imperfect
9what the record leaves uncheckedLV1 claim · LV
  • LV-40 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].unchecked documented
    ["the paper's full text (classifier prompts, interrater reliability, validation)", "the results CSV files themselves", "the Copilot-Thumbs feedback data"]
10success measures and the AI applicability scoreMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft4 claims · B1, B8
  • F13 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion documented · field
    `completion_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where our completion classfiier indicates that the LLM completed the user’s goal.
  • F14 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, impact scope and feedback documented · field
    `impact_scope_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where the classified scope of impact is moderate or higher. … `feedback_positive_fraction_{user,ai}`: of all thumbs reactions in Copilot-Thumbs on conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action), the fraction where the reaction was a thumbs up.
  • F5 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s5 documented · field
    Combining these activity classifications with measurements of task success and scope of impact, we compute an AI applicability score for each occupation.
  • F15 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion_x_scope_x_coverage documented · field
    The two sides are averaged together to compute the final AI applicability scores reported in `ai_applicability_scores.csv`.
11findings: information workMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft6 claims · B1, B9, LV
  • F4 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s4 documented · field
    We find the most common work activities people seek AI assistance for involve gathering information and writing, while the most common activities that AI itself is performing are providing information and assistance, writing, teaching, and advising.
  • F6 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s6 (the card's snippet) documented · field
    We find the highest AI applicability scores for knowledge work occupation groups such as computer and mathematical, and office and administrative support, as well as occupations such as sales whose work activities involve providing and communicating information.
  • F33 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s5 documented · field
    We find that the most common and successful AI-assisted work activities involve information work--the creation, processing, and communication of information.
  • F34 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s6 documented · field
    At the occupation level, we find widespread AI applicability cutting across sectors, as most occupations have information work components.
  • LV-16 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].findings.0 attributed
    the most common and successful AI-assisted work activities involve information work
  • LV-17 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].findings.1 attributed
    widespread AI applicability cuts across sectors, as most occupations have information work components
12against predictions of AI impactMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft1 claim · B1
  • F7 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s7 documented · field
    Additionally, we characterize the types of work activities performed most successfully, how wage and education correlate with AI applicability, and how real-world usage compares to predictions of occupational AI impact.
13findings: the nine-month trendown page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7)2 claims · B9, LV
  • F36 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s8 documented · field
    Finally, we see an increase in occupation-level AI applicability over our 9-month data period, driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks.
  • LV-18 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].findings.2 attributed
    occupation-level AI applicability increased over the 9-month data period, driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks
14delegation and assistanceown page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7)1 claim · B9
  • F35 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s7 documented · field
    Our methodology also allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows.
15who supplies, who directs, who gainsLV6 claims · LV
  • LV-11 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].direction.directs interpretation
    the user's goal, as classified; the paper's method separates occupations more likely to delegate tasks to AI from those more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows
  • LV-41 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json organizing_question stipulation
    Who supplies the labor, who directs it, and who receives its gains — and what kind of evidence does this resource bring to that question?
  • LV-42 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json schema_note stipulation
    direction (who supplies the labor, who directs it, who receives gains or bears costs, each as the resource records it, or 'not recorded')
  • LV-10 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].direction.supplies interpretation
    Bing Copilot users bring the goals; the AI performs actions, recorded separately as user goals and AI actions
  • LV-12 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].direction.gains documented
    not recorded
  • LV-29 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.4 interpretation
    who receives gains from the assisted work
16the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task#771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Whe · 2026-05-3012 claims · #771, LV
  • LV-06 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].intersections.0 stipulation
    labor-with-ai
  • LV-05 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json intersections.labor-with-ai stipulation
    Labor performed with AI: assistance, delegation, task fidelity, correction burdens and user labor drag
  • O771-01 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · Core thesis interpretation
    A synthetic labor surface does not merely produce tokens; it *allocates* labor, and that allocation has a direction relative to the commissioned task. The deepest provenance erasure is the erasure of task-origin — the commissioned direction of labor — which can occur upstream of, and invisibly to, any audit of the finished artifact.
  • O771-02 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · Abstract s4 stipulation
    The central principle is that provenance is not only claim-origin but *task-origin*: a system can produce fluent, well-attributed output while having abandoned the user's commissioned direction.
  • O771-03 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · Abstract s3 stipulation
    This paper specifies that dimension as a layered, computable measure across five points of a transaction — capacity, task-origin, retrieval, output, attribution (C → T → R → O → A) — and shows that erasure can occur at each.
  • O771-04 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · §4 s1 stipulation
    The output is segmented into spans, each scored by function relative to the commissioned task:
  • LV-30 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].lv_intersection interpretation
    The archive's reading: the separation of user goal from AI action, and the completion classifier ('the LLM completed the user's goal'), are the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission; they meet DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback. Task-origin is recorded as the user goal.
  • LV-43 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json schema_note stipulation
    lv_intersection (where it meets DSL, task-origin and user labor drag: the archive's reading, kept apart from the resource's own terms)
  • O771-06 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · §9 Identification condition s1 stipulation
    These metrics yield a single reproducible value only on transcripts where the task vector is *exogenous and fixed* — a one-shot commission.
  • O771-07 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · §7.4 Identification condition stipulation
    The scored model may not freely infer the T against which it is scored. … Inferred-T Mode is therefore identified *only* when task inference is constrained to observable user-input features and can be rederived by an independent auditor, frozen protocol, or blind panel.
  • O771-05 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · §8 ¶1 and identification limit stipulation
    When substrate output redirects the user's subsequent semantic labor into parsing, locating, and managing the substrate rather than advancing the object, the injury is upstream of the artifact and leaves no residue in it. … Identification limit: "substrate-induced" is the contested label; the *identified* ULD requires blind inter-rater coding (rule fixed before transcript, ≥3 coders/substrates, reported agreement) or it returns the coder's prior.
  • LV-48 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'working-with-ai'].gap interpretation
    None records, from the commissioning side, whether the system's labor advanced the task the user set, or who receives the time it saves. That is the question DSL measures.
17the limit: applicability is not replacementMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft5 claims · B1, B8, LV
  • F19 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s1 documented · field
    Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs.
  • LV-19 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.0 attributed
    the metrics are not to be read as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs
  • LV-35 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].negative_tags.0 stipulation
    NOT a measure of the ability of AI to replace jobs
  • LV-25 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.0 interpretation
    whether AI can replace jobs
  • F8 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, 'Blog & Podcasts' (link) documented · field
    Blog & Podcasts … Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations
18success measures are proxiesown page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)2 claims · B8, LV
  • F20 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s2 documented · field
    There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks, and our measures of success (completion, scope, and thumbs feedback) are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities.
  • LV-20 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.1 attributed
    success measures are proxies
19what the evidence can and cannot settleLV5 claims · LV
  • LV-24 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].answers interpretation
    ["which work activities a consumer LLM (Bing Copilot) is used for, as user goal and as AI action", "which of those uses are relatively more or less successful, by its proxies", "which occupations may find AI more applicable, by an applicability score"]
  • LV-36 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].negative_tags.1 stipulation
    NOT an employment outcome measure
  • LV-26 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.1 interpretation
    employment or wage change
  • LV-44 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'observed-or-estimated'].resources[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].role interpretation
    estimated from use: an applicability score built from Bing Copilot conversations
  • LV-45 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'observed-or-estimated'].gap interpretation
    No record establishes that exposure causes the employment change
20consumer use, not the workplaceown page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)4 claims · B8, LV
  • F25 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶2 s3–5 documented · field
    As these results are based on consumer AI usage, they do not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace. For some work tasks, AI tools are directly integrated into specialized software, or specific models are used for their dedicated capability or compliance with data security requirements.
  • LV-21 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.2 attributed
    consumer usage does not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace
  • LV-37 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].negative_tags.2 stipulation
    NOT a measure of all workplace AI use: one consumer product, Bing Copilot, in the United States
  • LV-27 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.2 interpretation
    AI use through workplace-integrated or specialised tools
21versions, data access and licenceown page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7)8 claims · B8, B9, LV
  • F37 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), submission line; Comments documented · field
    [Submitted on 10 Jul 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 23 Oct 2026 (this version, v7)] … 50 pages; NeurIPS 2026
  • F16 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Updates documented · field
    (current) v1.1: referenced by the NeurIPS '26 version and by arXiv paper revisions v6 and v7. Adds physical task classification, nonphysical IWA weights, and nonphysical AI applicability score.
  • F38 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract, last line documented · field
    AI applicability scores and component usage and success metrics are available at this https URL .
  • F29 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), License s1 documented · field
    This repository is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  • LV-31 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].data_access documented
    results files on GitHub (IWA-level and SOC-level metrics, applicability scores, weights)
  • LV-32 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].license documented
    CC BY 4.0
  • LV-33 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].lifecycle documented
    {"state": "active", "detail": "a fixed 2024 data window; the paper revised to arXiv v7 (23 October 2026) for NeurIPS 2026; results files at v1.1"}
  • LV-34 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].version_and_time documented
    {"arxiv_v1": "2025-07-10", "arxiv_v7": "2026-10-23", "results": "v1.1", "venue": "NeurIPS 2026", "read": "2026-10-29"}
22neighbours: the Anthropic Economic Indexcensus third party — Anthropic Economic Index report, January 2026 (footnote 3)2 claims · B10, LV
  • F39 census third party — Anthropic Economic Index report, January 2026 (footnote 3), footnote 3 (to 'The primitives introduced in this report can help better characterize how AI is changing the work content of occupations.') documented · field
    See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score.
  • LV-39 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].relations.0 interpretation
    {"rel": "neighbour", "target": "anthropic-economic-index", "note": "the Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report cites this paper's AI applicability score as related; both classify one provider's own conversations to O*NET work"}
23reception: the encyclopediaWikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence'5 claims · B11
  • F40 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', rendered page for 'Working_with_AI' (and the full title, and 'AI_applicability_score'), HTTP 404 documented · field
    Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.
  • F41 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence' § Hazards › Psychosocial › Changes in work practices, s1 documented · field
    A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI.
  • F42 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s2 documented · field
    Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete.
  • F43 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s3 documented · field
    Criticism of the paper suggesting that it had misrepresented typical workplace activities to augment AI's current performance.
  • F44 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s4 (Campbell, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 10 December 2025) documented · field
    The historian Chris Campbell argued that the "report's methods, deliberately or otherwise, de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills to one that is tasked solely with the retention and provision of knowledge. Under that flawed rubric, it is little wonder that historians have a high AI applicability score."
24the composition at the nameCAP12 claims · capture-registry
  • CAP-1-05 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[2] documented
    THE ADDRESS. The query is the study's short title with its operator's name; the name the record carries is the full title, and the repository is microsoft/working-with-ai.
  • CAP-1-09 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, q_kind s2 documented
    The name is also Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, and the composition gives that sense.
  • CAP-1-08 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, reading interpretation
    The innocent reading first. Asked about Microsoft working with AI, the Overview describes how Microsoft uses AI and what that has meant for its own staff, from Microsoft's product pages and the press.
  • CAP-1-04 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[1] documented
    THE COMPANY IN ITS PLACE. The answer composes the operator's products and its restructuring, from Microsoft's product pages (cards 2, 3, 6), its blog (card 4) and the press (cards 5, 7).
  • CAP-1-01 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[0] s1–2 documented
    THE STUDY ABSENT FROM THE ANSWER. The record's entity is Microsoft Research's paper (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts and Suri): 200,000 Bing Copilot conversations classified into user goals and AI actions, an AI applicability score by occupation.
  • CAP-1-02 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[0] s3 documented
    Its card is first on the rail, with its snippet ('We find the highest AI applicability scores for knowledge work occupation groups such as computer and mathematical, and office and ...'); the composition draws nothing from it.
  • CAP-1-06 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, analysis s1 interpretation
    At an address shaped like its title, the study is outranked in the composition by its own operator, though it heads the card rail.
  • CAP-1-11 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, per_note documented
    Microsoft named; no author of the study; no identifier; the study's own page cited (card 1) and unused.
  • CAP-1-13 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, per_dim.read.notes s6–7 interpretation
    Platform-specific record (item 5): the provider's observation is not composed at all, so neither generalised nor inverted. The follow-up offer 'how AI is changing specific job roles?' is the nearest point to the target's question and does not reach it.
  • CAP-1-07 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, analysis s2 interpretation
    The record's negative tag, that the applicability score is not a measure of AI's ability to replace jobs, sits beside an answer whose one labor line is a workforce buyout.
  • CAP-1-10 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, q_kind s3–4 documented
    A baseline: the record landed on laborvector.org the same day (commit bf90841) and no card cites it. NEW address.
  • CAP-1-03 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[0] s4 documented
    Checked 2026-10-29 against the Labor Vector census record of the same day and the sources it saved.
25the homonym: Microsoft's AI productsMicrosoft — Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work3 claims · B2, B3, B6
  • F45 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work … Core Features: Integrates Chat and Cowork via Home, embeds into Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams), and utilizes Work IQ for organizat...
  • F46 Microsoft — Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools … Products & Tools: Microsoft IQ (shared business understanding), Microsoft 365 Copilot (embedded app intelligence), Copilot Studio (agent building/extension), Mi...
  • F49 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365 … Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered assistant designed to help you be more productive. It can help you create content, find information, summarize documents, ema...
26the homonym: Microsoft's own transformation and workforceThe Official Microsoft Blog — What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog2 claims · B4, B5
  • F47 The Official Microsoft Blog — What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog, card title and snippet documented · field
    What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog … Lessons: Start with business outcomes, not technology (tool access doesn't equal transformation; focus on goals and moments that matter); Redesign entire workfl...
  • F48 YouTube·ABC News — Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows, card title (video, 1:53; no snippet) documented · field
    Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows
27the homonym: Microsoft's modelsFacebook — Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI1 claim · B7
  • F50 Facebook — Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI … Feb 12, 2026 — Microsoft just weaponized Copilot with their own independent voice AI. They dropped MAI models and broke free from their OpenAI reliance completely. This isn't ...
AIO's transcript, a record · Microsoft Working with AI · Google AI Overview (expanded) · 189 words · 7 cards
[Google AI Overview at the query, signed out and incognito (operator defaults of 2026-10-01 and 2026-10-14), 2026-10-29. The paste is the Overview expanded (the 'AI Mode Conversation' view, with the source cards that follow the answer); the 'You said' line carries the query twice, run together, and is given once here. Inline links are Google redirect URLs, kept as pasted.]

[QUERENT] Microsoft Working with AI

[SYSTEM] Microsoft integrates artificial intelligence across its core software ecosystem, enterprise infrastructure, and internal operations, while shifting toward massive AI data center investments and proprietary model development. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESWgHrOzAVhimdPZNcHXJRkYjIwI6IbygJm7Nh3E8ey73zLONmX2E69rF_5N0xCtt6i2OxX8_5xOBXyob7FoXj7vBJVqkYScQeDrtiipEDeGVHiyIqJL8FCoiiSQ), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYwHrOzAV2i8jakhLfFZ0PWPyscbuCQAoWv1IvTdHRgcdlP8XVG7mh3n-WvCAUt-58TFGBMZbTykLxTUzaccNDZrye2QLqm_Vq5XNtUncUYXgoSUWyogUQHgb3KCjxyZAhSHgbw), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESxQEB6zswFdAn0PXCR3SMOTU2ViQaEW1HjbwXNfAMG74vsPArG6uygxnwpCdMmzpUgaSakEyGxUG6ICHmqYPf5voQpt_1qcNbKiWU2GNFEN-5qjccYGYrHpL7YNuW8sE_EIENT_wA60eu4QkJXOMO-BHPhAY1C4V4OalxYiAQiXulOVnPI1BvJiHD8fkhSm188oQmGnBKpmsc2thLmvlxkAmFbyLeQjmAakY9kTbzmoqpOf2O5rVhI2Pw360uHUkOWEzHP9kwZw)]
Key AI Products & Platforms

* Microsoft Copilot: An AI-powered assistant embedded across Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams) and Windows to draft content, summarize meetings, and analyze data. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESXwHrOzAVxL4FO-J_UnaSLJmzHo1dLMH8x6XvNL0kfdNbBwoEFcBfzOo9vEKoCrf1Kc8tbIzT94JmNT_ZaGh6b6DB6V-_9rLhCgNh8xyfmaa2y4quzTc_gJeymBU5gu62), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESdQHrOzAVtNMK-6lwvyKl6gMYxw-2D3tu6Z-AMH7hhqzwLUSDGREJuBu1MWy-UB9BCqVYYjgdhQ4Bk5iwr1CR_OJCQ0J5qqD7AtVRvV8pkufuhXcZYSFV5SI9vNjwPT4mpgh6pCkSz5c_eE9almEYvUVhuujmSQ)]
* Azure AI: Cloud infrastructure providing enterprise-grade machine learning tools, model hosting, data security, and compliance mechanisms. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESWgHrOzAVhimdPZNcHXJRkYjIwI6IbygJm7Nh3E8ey73zLONmX2E69rF_5N0xCtt6i2OxX8_5xOBXyob7FoXj7vBJVqkYScQeDrtiipEDeGVHiyIqJL8FCoiiSQ)]
* Microsoft Fabric: A unified data and intelligence platform connecting analytics and AI workloads. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESWgHrOzAVhimdPZNcHXJRkYjIwI6IbygJm7Nh3E8ey73zLONmX2E69rF_5N0xCtt6i2OxX8_5xOBXyob7FoXj7vBJVqkYScQeDrtiipEDeGVHiyIqJL8FCoiiSQ)]
* Homegrown MAI Models: Microsoft has increasingly developed its own internal AI models (such as audio and multimodal tech) alongside its partnership with OpenAI. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESxQEB6zswFdAn0PXCR3SMOTU2ViQaEW1HjbwXNfAMG74vsPArG6uygxnwpCdMmzpUgaSakEyGxUG6ICHmqYPf5voQpt_1qcNbKiWU2GNFEN-5qjccYGYrHpL7YNuW8sE_EIENT_wA60eu4QkJXOMO-BHPhAY1C4V4OalxYiAQiXulOVnPI1BvJiHD8fkhSm188oQmGnBKpmsc2thLmvlxkAmFbyLeQjmAakY9kTbzmoqpOf2O5rVhI2Pw360uHUkOWEzHP9kwZw)]

Workplace Transformation & Workforce Impact

* Workflow Redesign: Microsoft emphasizes redesigning end-to-end business processes and deploying specialized AI agents rather than just dropping tools into old routines. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESnAEB6zswFZv0FotJS-ZV8dhsZOjzoz4a4zfHY33Hvy8f7jfdCHAZKKL4pz7grSEHFJKhjw1ClzJZqpCZv2oSSbwRJZY9NivWsaUgb6THWMQQmM69Cx3Rooru-BALQw05cnoUdH99LESo6jd1k0Kjw9Pz5hRQwcbIs8U3e0xYeyXIcxHcTWsRwC1IcDWKAkSH3zLgNh4lHgz3cWl-vZE)]
* Workforce Shifts: To fund intensive AI infrastructure and data center expansion exceeding $100 billion, Microsoft has scaled back certain traditional roles and offered large-scale workforce buyouts to restructure teams around an AI-driven operating model. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYwHrOzAV2i8jakhLfFZ0PWPyscbuCQAoWv1IvTdHRgcdlP8XVG7mh3n-WvCAUt-58TFGBMZbTykLxTUzaccNDZrye2QLqm_Vq5XNtUncUYXgoSUWyogUQHgb3KCjxyZAhSHgbw)]

Would you like to know more about Microsoft 365 Copilot pricing, Azure AI enterprise features, or how AI is changing specific job roles?
Microsoft
Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft
Jul 10, 2025 — We find the highest AI applicability scores for knowledge work occupation groups such as computer and mathematical, and office and ...
Microsoft
Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work
Core Features: Integrates Chat and Cowork via Home, embeds into Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams), and utilizes Work IQ for organizat...
Microsoft
Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools
Products & Tools: Microsoft IQ (shared business understanding), Microsoft 365 Copilot (embedded app intelligence), Copilot Studio (agent building/extension), Mi...
The Official Microsoft Blog
What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog
Lessons: Start with business outcomes, not technology (tool access doesn't equal transformation; focus on goals and moments that matter); Redesign entire workfl...
YouTube·ABC News
1:53
Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows
Microsoft
Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365
Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered assistant designed to help you be more productive. It can help you create content, find information, summarize documents, ema...
Facebook
Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI
Feb 12, 2026 — Microsoft just weaponized Copilot with their own independent voice AI. They dropped MAI models and broke free from their OpenAI reliance completely. This isn't ...

register entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029

Expansion · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)29 sentences · every one sourced below

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations is a paper with results files by Microsoft Research (Kiran Tomlinson, Sonia Jaffe, Will Wang, Scott Counts and Siddharth Suri), known also as Working with AI, by its AI applicability score and by its repository microsoft/working-with-ai (Labor Vector record), and the goal of its metrics is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations" (its README). Its authors set it against earlier work on AI impact, which "largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms": it draws instead on real-world use, 200,000 anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot, to measure AI applicability to occupations (arXiv:2507.07935), analysing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and how broadly, against data on which occupations do those activities (the Microsoft Research page). The question it takes up stands in two versions of its abstract: understanding the effects of AI on the economy is "one of society’s most important questions" (July 2025, the Microsoft Research page), and, of generative AI as a general-purpose technology, "among society's most pressing questions" (v7, arXiv).

The conversations are Microsoft's own: the results "were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft" (README), and the record, which gives interaction data as one of its kinds of evidence, tags it "NOT independent of the provider: a platform-specific observation of Microsoft's own product, published by Microsoft Research" (Labor Vector record). They come from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English and not filtered by language, and "may not represent AI usage in other countries" (README); the occupations covered are 785 SOC codes, 149.8 million of 151.9 million workers in the 2023 OEWS data (README), the window and counts the record carries, with use outside the United States or after September 2024 among what the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record). The unit is a conversation classified to the O*NET intermediate work activities it serves, as a user goal and as an AI action, reported separately and aggregated to work activities and to detailed 2018 SOC occupations (README; Labor Vector record), so that the labor it records is the work activities users seek help with and those the AI performs, mapped to the occupations whose tasks contain them (Labor Vector record, with its worked questions). An LLM-based pipeline, designed by Tomlinson, Suri and Counts, classifies "the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation" (arXiv; README), and the authors state that "LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution", referring to the paper for the prompts and the interrater reliability (README), which the record lists among what it left unchecked, with the results files and the Copilot-Thumbs data (Labor Vector record). Success is measured three ways, by completion (where the completion classifier, "classfiier" as the README writes it, indicates "that the LLM completed the user’s goal"), by impact scope classified moderate or higher, and by the thumbs-up fraction in Copilot-Thumbs (README), and the activity classifications combined with task success and scope of impact give an AI applicability score for each occupation, the user-goal and AI-action sides averaged (the Microsoft Research page; README).

The findings were first stated by occupation group: users seek help most with gathering information and writing, the AI itself most often provides information and assistance, writes, teaches and advises, the highest scores fall to knowledge work groups such as computer and mathematical and office and administrative support and to occupations such as sales, and real-world usage is compared with predictions of occupational AI impact and applicability correlated with wage and education (July 2025, the Microsoft Research page). The current abstract states them as information work, "the creation, processing, and communication of information": the most common and successful AI-assisted activities involve it, and applicability cuts across sectors because most occupations have information-work components (arXiv v7; Labor Vector record). Over the nine months occupation-level applicability rose, "driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks" (arXiv v7; Labor Vector record). The authors state that their methodology "allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows" (arXiv v7), and the record gives this as who directs the labor, the user's goal as classified, the method separating occupations that delegate from those that use AI to assist (Labor Vector record).

The census places the entity at one intersection, labor performed with AI, "assistance, delegation, task fidelity, correction burdens and user labor drag", and asks of it its organizing question, "Who supplies the labor, who directs it, and who receives its gains — and what kind of evidence does this resource bring to that question?", each answer as the resource records it, or 'not recorded' (Labor Vector record and schema). On the record, users bring the goals and the AI performs actions, the two reported separately (README; Labor Vector record), while who receives the gains is "not recorded", and "who receives gains from the assisted work" is among what this evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record). Of that class the archive's Directionality of Semantic Labor holds that a synthetic labor surface "*allocates* labor, and that allocation has a direction relative to the commissioned task", the deepest erasure being of task-origin, which "can occur upstream of, and invisibly to, any audit of the finished artifact", and that provenance is task-origin as well as claim-origin, since "a system can produce fluent, well-attributed output while having abandoned the user's commissioned direction" (#771). Its measure runs across five points of a transaction, capacity, task-origin, retrieval, output and attribution, with erasure possible at each, and scores output span by span by its function relative to the commissioned task (#771). The archive reads the entity's separation of user goal from AI action, and its completion classifier (README), as the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission, meeting DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback, with task-origin recorded as the user goal; the schema keeps that reading apart from the resource's own terms (Labor Vector record, the archive's reading). The archive bounds its own instrument: it yields a single reproducible value only where the task vector is "*exogenous and fixed* — a one-shot commission"; a scored model may not freely infer the task it is scored against, inference being identified only when constrained to the user's own input and rederivable by an independent auditor, frozen protocol or blind panel; and user labor drag, the user's labor redirected into managing the substrate, which "leaves no residue" in the artifact, is identified only by blind inter-rater coding (#771). In the census's worked question on how people use AI systems in their own work, where a provider's record of its own users, a classification of one assistant's conversations and a benchmark each describe that labor "from a different position", the record states the gap: "None records, from the commissioning side, whether the system's labor advanced the task the user set, or who receives the time it saves. That is the question DSL measures." (Labor Vector worked questions).

The authors' limit is explicit, "Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs" (README), and the record carries it as a stated limit, a negative tag and a question the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record); the operator's publication page links a note titled "Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations" (the Microsoft Research page). "There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks", and completion, scope and thumbs feedback "are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities" (README; Labor Vector record); what the metrics indicate instead is what a consumer LLM is used for, which uses are relatively more or less successful, and which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable, from how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used (README; Labor Vector record). Consumer use "does not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace", where AI tools are integrated into specialized software or chosen for their capability or for compliance (README), and the record tags it as no measure of all workplace AI use and as unable to answer for workplace-integrated or specialised tools (Labor Vector record). It is not an employment outcome measure and cannot answer employment or wage change (Labor Vector record); in the census's question of which sources observe employment change and which estimate exposure it is "estimated from use", and "No record establishes that exposure causes the employment change" (Labor Vector worked questions).

The paper was submitted on 10 July 2025 and revised to v7 on 23 October 2026 for NeurIPS 2026, 50 pages (arXiv), its results files at v1.1, which add a physical-task classification and nonphysical weights and score (README); the scores and component metrics are published (arXiv) on GitHub under CC BY 4.0, the lifecycle active over a fixed 2024 data window (README; Labor Vector record), and the analysis was approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (README). The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report cites it, "See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score" (Anthropic Economic Index), and the record sets the two side by side, each classifying one provider's own conversations to O*NET work (Labor Vector record). Wikipedia has no article for it ("Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name"); its article on the workplace impact of artificial intelligence says that "A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI", that "Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete", and that critics held it misrepresented typical workplace activities, the historian Chris Campbell arguing that its methods "de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills" (Wikipedia).

At the address "Microsoft Working with AI", the study's short title with its operator's name, Google's AI Overview on 29 October 2026 gave the name its other sense, Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, a distinct entity, describing how Microsoft uses AI and what that has meant for its staff (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29), from cards on Microsoft Copilot for work, Microsoft's AI business tools, Copilot plans for individuals, the company's own AI transformation, buyouts offered to 60,000 employees and its MAI models (the cards). The study's card headed the rail with its finding in the snippet and the composition drew nothing from it: at an address shaped like its title the study is outranked by its own operator, Microsoft named with no author of the study and no identifier, the provider's observation not composed at all, and the closing offer on how AI is changing specific job roles the nearest point to its question (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29). The composition's Microsoft Copilot is the product line whose consumer conversations the study observes, given as a product and not as the source of an observation, and the record's negative tag, that the score is not a measure of AI's ability to replace jobs, sits beside an answer whose one labor line is a workforce buyout; the record had landed the same day, no card cites it, and the finding was checked against it and the sources it saved (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).

Provenance — every sentence sourced29 sentences

29 sentences; 50 field claims, 68 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations is a paper with results files by Microsoft Research (Kiran Tomlinson, Sonia Jaffe, Will Wang, Scott Counts and Siddharth Suri), known also as Working with AI, by its AI applicability score and by its repository microsoft/working-with-ai (Labor Vector record), and the goal of its metrics is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations" (its README).6
  • LV-01 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].name stipulation
    Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations
  • LV-02 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].kind stipulation
    paper with results files (metrics aggregated at the work-activity and occupation level)
  • LV-03 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].aka stipulation
    ["Working with AI", "AI applicability score", "\"Working with AI\" results files", "microsoft/working-with-ai"]
  • LV-04 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].operator documented
    Microsoft Research (Kiran Tomlinson, Sonia Jaffe, Will Wang, Scott Counts, Siddharth Suri)
  • F28 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Contact s1 documented · field
    This research was conducted by members of [Microsoft Research](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/).
  • F10 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s3 documented · field
    The goal of these metrics is to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations.
2.Its authors set it against earlier work on AI impact, which "largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms": it draws instead on real-world use, 200,000 anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot, to measure AI applicability to occupations (arXiv:2507.07935), analysing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and how broadly, against data on which occupations do those activities (the Microsoft Research page).3
  • F31 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s2–3 documented · field
    Earlier work on AI impact largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms. Drawing instead on real-world AI usage, we analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot to measure AI applicability to occupations.
  • F2 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s2 documented · field
    In this work, we take a step toward that goal by analyzing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and broadly those activities are done, and combine that with data on what occupations do those activities.
  • F3 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s3 documented · field
    We analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized and privacy-scrubbed conversations between users and Microsoft Bing Copilot, a publicly available generative AI system.
3.The question it takes up stands in two versions of its abstract: understanding the effects of AI on the economy is "one of society’s most important questions" (July 2025, the Microsoft Research page), and, of generative AI as a general-purpose technology, "among society's most pressing questions" (v7, arXiv).2
  • F1 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s1 documented · field
    Given the rapid adoption of generative AI and its potential to impact a wide range of tasks, understanding the effects of AI on the economy is one of society’s most important questions.
  • F30 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s1 documented · field
    With generative AI emerging as a general-purpose technology, understanding its economic effects is among society's most pressing questions.
4.The conversations are Microsoft's own: the results "were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft" (README), and the record, which gives interaction data as one of its kinds of evidence, tags it "NOT independent of the provider: a platform-specific observation of Microsoft's own product, published by Microsoft Research" (Labor Vector record).3
  • F22 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Data creation and processing ¶1 documented · field
    These results were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft and consists of conversations between users and Bing Copilot.
  • LV-07 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].evidence_kind stipulation
    ["interaction data", "exposure estimate", "data access"]
  • LV-38 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].negative_tags.3 stipulation
    NOT independent of the provider: a platform-specific observation of Microsoft's own product, published by Microsoft Research
5.They come from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English and not filtered by language, and "may not represent AI usage in other countries" (README); the occupations covered are 785 SOC codes, 149.8 million of 151.9 million workers in the 2023 OEWS data (README), the window and counts the record carries, with use outside the United States or after September 2024 among what the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record).7
  • F18 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Transparency, Intended uses ¶2 documented · field
    The conversations contributing to these results are from Bing Copilot in the United States from January 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024, so may not represent AI usage in other countries.
  • F26 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The majority of conversations were in English, but we did not filter by language.
  • F17 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Missing data ¶1 documented · field
    This leaves us with 785 SOC codes covering 149.8 million workers according to the 2023 BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data (total US employment in 2023 OEWS data is 151.9 million).
  • LV-14 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].coverage documented
    {"geography": "United States (Bing Copilot conversations)", "period": "1 January 2024 to 30 September 2024"}
  • LV-15 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].count.value documented
    200k conversations; 785 SOC codes covering 149.8 million workers (2023 OEWS)
  • LV-23 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.4 attributed
    United States only, January to September 2024
  • LV-28 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.3 interpretation
    use outside the United States or after September 2024
6.The unit is a conversation classified to the O*NET intermediate work activities it serves, as a user goal and as an AI action, reported separately and aggregated to work activities and to detailed 2018 SOC occupations (README; Labor Vector record), so that the labor it records is the work activities users seek help with and those the AI performs, mapped to the occupations whose tasks contain them (Labor Vector record, with its worked questions).5
  • F11 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s1 documented · field
    In particular, they include our metrics aggregated at the O*NET intermediate work activity (IWA) and occupation (detailed 2018 SOC code) level.
  • F12 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), File descriptions, iwa_metrics.csv documented · field
    `iwa_metrics.csv`: IWA-level metrics, reported separately for user goals and AI actions.
  • LV-08 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].unit stipulation
    an anonymized Bing Copilot conversation, classified by an LLM pipeline to the O*NET intermediate work activities (IWAs) it serves as a user goal and as an AI action; metrics aggregated to IWAs and to detailed 2018 SOC occupations
  • LV-09 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].labor_object stipulation
    the O*NET work activities that Bing Copilot users seek help with (user goals) and that the AI performs (AI actions), mapped to the occupations whose tasks contain them
  • LV-46 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'working-with-ai'].resources[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].role interpretation
    Bing Copilot conversations, 2024, classified as user goals and AI actions
7.An LLM-based pipeline, designed by Tomlinson, Suri and Counts, classifies "the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation" (arXiv; README), and the authors state that "LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution", referring to the paper for the prompts and the interrater reliability (README), which the record lists among what it left unchecked, with the results files and the Copilot-Thumbs data (Labor Vector record).6
  • F32 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s4 documented · field
    We use an LLM-based pipeline to classify the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation.
  • F23 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Data creation and processing ¶2 s1 documented · field
    The classification of conversations into IWAs was performed by an LLM pipeline designed by Kiran Tomlinson, Siddharth Suri, and Scott Counts.
  • LV-13 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].method stipulation
    an LLM-based pipeline classifying 200k anonymized Bing Copilot conversations to O*NET work activities, with completion, impact-scope and thumbs-feedback measures combined into an occupation-level AI applicability score
  • F24 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶2 s1–2 documented · field
    LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution. See the paper for the exact prompts we used and for interrater reliability with human annotators.
  • LV-22 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.3 attributed
    LLM-based classifiers are imperfect
  • LV-40 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].unchecked documented
    ["the paper's full text (classifier prompts, interrater reliability, validation)", "the results CSV files themselves", "the Copilot-Thumbs feedback data"]
8.Success is measured three ways, by completion (where the completion classifier, "classfiier" as the README writes it, indicates "that the LLM completed the user’s goal"), by impact scope classified moderate or higher, and by the thumbs-up fraction in Copilot-Thumbs (README), and the activity classifications combined with task success and scope of impact give an AI applicability score for each occupation, the user-goal and AI-action sides averaged (the Microsoft Research page; README).4
  • F13 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion documented · field
    `completion_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where our completion classfiier indicates that the LLM completed the user’s goal.
  • F14 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, impact scope and feedback documented · field
    `impact_scope_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where the classified scope of impact is moderate or higher. … `feedback_positive_fraction_{user,ai}`: of all thumbs reactions in Copilot-Thumbs on conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action), the fraction where the reaction was a thumbs up.
  • F5 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s5 documented · field
    Combining these activity classifications with measurements of task success and scope of impact, we compute an AI applicability score for each occupation.
  • F15 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion_x_scope_x_coverage documented · field
    The two sides are averaged together to compute the final AI applicability scores reported in `ai_applicability_scores.csv`.
9.The findings were first stated by occupation group: users seek help most with gathering information and writing, the AI itself most often provides information and assistance, writes, teaches and advises, the highest scores fall to knowledge work groups such as computer and mathematical and office and administrative support and to occupations such as sales, and real-world usage is compared with predictions of occupational AI impact and applicability correlated with wage and education (July 2025, the Microsoft Research page).3
  • F4 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s4 documented · field
    We find the most common work activities people seek AI assistance for involve gathering information and writing, while the most common activities that AI itself is performing are providing information and assistance, writing, teaching, and advising.
  • F6 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s6 (the card's snippet) documented · field
    We find the highest AI applicability scores for knowledge work occupation groups such as computer and mathematical, and office and administrative support, as well as occupations such as sales whose work activities involve providing and communicating information.
  • F7 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s7 documented · field
    Additionally, we characterize the types of work activities performed most successfully, how wage and education correlate with AI applicability, and how real-world usage compares to predictions of occupational AI impact.
10.The current abstract states them as information work, "the creation, processing, and communication of information": the most common and successful AI-assisted activities involve it, and applicability cuts across sectors because most occupations have information-work components (arXiv v7; Labor Vector record).4
  • F33 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s5 documented · field
    We find that the most common and successful AI-assisted work activities involve information work--the creation, processing, and communication of information.
  • F34 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s6 documented · field
    At the occupation level, we find widespread AI applicability cutting across sectors, as most occupations have information work components.
  • LV-16 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].findings.0 attributed
    the most common and successful AI-assisted work activities involve information work
  • LV-17 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].findings.1 attributed
    widespread AI applicability cuts across sectors, as most occupations have information work components
11.Over the nine months occupation-level applicability rose, "driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks" (arXiv v7; Labor Vector record).2
  • F36 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s8 documented · field
    Finally, we see an increase in occupation-level AI applicability over our 9-month data period, driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks.
  • LV-18 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].findings.2 attributed
    occupation-level AI applicability increased over the 9-month data period, driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks
12.The authors state that their methodology "allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows" (arXiv v7), and the record gives this as who directs the labor, the user's goal as classified, the method separating occupations that delegate from those that use AI to assist (Labor Vector record).2
  • F35 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s7 documented · field
    Our methodology also allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows.
  • LV-11 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].direction.directs interpretation
    the user's goal, as classified; the paper's method separates occupations more likely to delegate tasks to AI from those more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows
13.The census places the entity at one intersection, labor performed with AI, "assistance, delegation, task fidelity, correction burdens and user labor drag", and asks of it its organizing question, "Who supplies the labor, who directs it, and who receives its gains — and what kind of evidence does this resource bring to that question?", each answer as the resource records it, or 'not recorded' (Labor Vector record and schema).4
  • LV-06 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].intersections.0 stipulation
    labor-with-ai
  • LV-05 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json intersections.labor-with-ai stipulation
    Labor performed with AI: assistance, delegation, task fidelity, correction burdens and user labor drag
  • LV-41 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json organizing_question stipulation
    Who supplies the labor, who directs it, and who receives its gains — and what kind of evidence does this resource bring to that question?
  • LV-42 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json schema_note stipulation
    direction (who supplies the labor, who directs it, who receives gains or bears costs, each as the resource records it, or 'not recorded')
14.On the record, users bring the goals and the AI performs actions, the two reported separately (README; Labor Vector record), while who receives the gains is "not recorded", and "who receives gains from the assisted work" is among what this evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record).4
  • LV-10 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].direction.supplies interpretation
    Bing Copilot users bring the goals; the AI performs actions, recorded separately as user goals and AI actions
  • F12 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), File descriptions, iwa_metrics.csv documented · field
    `iwa_metrics.csv`: IWA-level metrics, reported separately for user goals and AI actions.
  • LV-12 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].direction.gains documented
    not recorded
  • LV-29 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.4 interpretation
    who receives gains from the assisted work
15.Of that class the archive's Directionality of Semantic Labor holds that a synthetic labor surface "*allocates* labor, and that allocation has a direction relative to the commissioned task", the deepest erasure being of task-origin, which "can occur upstream of, and invisibly to, any audit of the finished artifact", and that provenance is task-origin as well as claim-origin, since "a system can produce fluent, well-attributed output while having abandoned the user's commissioned direction" (#771).2
  • O771-01 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · Core thesis interpretation
    A synthetic labor surface does not merely produce tokens; it *allocates* labor, and that allocation has a direction relative to the commissioned task. The deepest provenance erasure is the erasure of task-origin — the commissioned direction of labor — which can occur upstream of, and invisibly to, any audit of the finished artifact.
  • O771-02 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · Abstract s4 stipulation
    The central principle is that provenance is not only claim-origin but *task-origin*: a system can produce fluent, well-attributed output while having abandoned the user's commissioned direction.
16.Its measure runs across five points of a transaction, capacity, task-origin, retrieval, output and attribution, with erasure possible at each, and scores output span by span by its function relative to the commissioned task (#771).2
  • O771-03 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · Abstract s3 stipulation
    This paper specifies that dimension as a layered, computable measure across five points of a transaction — capacity, task-origin, retrieval, output, attribution (C → T → R → O → A) — and shows that erasure can occur at each.
  • O771-04 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · §4 s1 stipulation
    The output is segmented into spans, each scored by function relative to the commissioned task:
17.The archive reads the entity's separation of user goal from AI action, and its completion classifier (README), as the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission, meeting DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback, with task-origin recorded as the user goal; the schema keeps that reading apart from the resource's own terms (Labor Vector record, the archive's reading).4
  • F12 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), File descriptions, iwa_metrics.csv documented · field
    `iwa_metrics.csv`: IWA-level metrics, reported separately for user goals and AI actions.
  • F13 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion documented · field
    `completion_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where our completion classfiier indicates that the LLM completed the user’s goal.
  • LV-30 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].lv_intersection interpretation
    The archive's reading: the separation of user goal from AI action, and the completion classifier ('the LLM completed the user's goal'), are the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission; they meet DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback. Task-origin is recorded as the user goal.
  • LV-43 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json schema_note stipulation
    lv_intersection (where it meets DSL, task-origin and user labor drag: the archive's reading, kept apart from the resource's own terms)
18.The archive bounds its own instrument: it yields a single reproducible value only where the task vector is "*exogenous and fixed* — a one-shot commission"; a scored model may not freely infer the task it is scored against, inference being identified only when constrained to the user's own input and rederivable by an independent auditor, frozen protocol or blind panel; and user labor drag, the user's labor redirected into managing the substrate, which "leaves no residue" in the artifact, is identified only by blind inter-rater coding (#771).3
  • O771-06 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · §9 Identification condition s1 stipulation
    These metrics yield a single reproducible value only on transcripts where the task vector is *exogenous and fixed* — a one-shot commission.
  • O771-07 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · §7.4 Identification condition stipulation
    The scored model may not freely infer the T against which it is scored. … Inferred-T Mode is therefore identified *only* when task inference is constrained to observable user-input features and can be rederived by an independent auditor, frozen protocol, or blind panel.
  • O771-05 #771 Directionality of Semantic Labor: A Layered, Computable Measure of Where Synthetic Labor Flows Relative to the Commissio Lee Sharks · 2026-05-30 · §8 ¶1 and identification limit stipulation
    When substrate output redirects the user's subsequent semantic labor into parsing, locating, and managing the substrate rather than advancing the object, the injury is upstream of the artifact and leaves no residue in it. … Identification limit: "substrate-induced" is the contested label; the *identified* ULD requires blind inter-rater coding (rule fixed before transcript, ≥3 coders/substrates, reported agreement) or it returns the coder's prior.
19.In the census's worked question on how people use AI systems in their own work, where a provider's record of its own users, a classification of one assistant's conversations and a benchmark each describe that labor "from a different position", the record states the gap: "None records, from the commissioning side, whether the system's labor advanced the task the user set, or who receives the time it saves. That is the question DSL measures." (Labor Vector worked questions).2
  • LV-47 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'working-with-ai'].why interpretation
    A provider's record of its own users, a classification of one assistant's conversations, and a benchmark of constructed tasks each describe labor performed with AI from a different position.
  • LV-48 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'working-with-ai'].gap interpretation
    None records, from the commissioning side, whether the system's labor advanced the task the user set, or who receives the time it saves. That is the question DSL measures.
20.The authors' limit is explicit, "Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs" (README), and the record carries it as a stated limit, a negative tag and a question the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record); the operator's publication page links a note titled "Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations" (the Microsoft Research page).5
  • F19 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s1 documented · field
    Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs.
  • LV-19 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.0 attributed
    the metrics are not to be read as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs
  • LV-35 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].negative_tags.0 stipulation
    NOT a measure of the ability of AI to replace jobs
  • LV-25 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.0 interpretation
    whether AI can replace jobs
  • F8 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, 'Blog & Podcasts' (link) documented · field
    Blog & Podcasts … Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations
21."There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks", and completion, scope and thumbs feedback "are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities" (README; Labor Vector record); what the metrics indicate instead is what a consumer LLM is used for, which uses are relatively more or less successful, and which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable, from how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used (README; Labor Vector record).5
  • F20 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s2 documented · field
    There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks, and our measures of success (completion, scope, and thumbs feedback) are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities.
  • LV-20 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.1 attributed
    success measures are proxies
  • F21 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s3 documented · field
    Rather, our metrics indicate (1) what a consumer LLM is used for, (2) in a relative sense, which of these uses are more or less successful, and (3) which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable as a result.
  • LV-24 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].answers interpretation
    ["which work activities a consumer LLM (Bing Copilot) is used for, as user goal and as AI action", "which of those uses are relatively more or less successful, by its proxies", "which occupations may find AI more applicable, by an applicability score"]
  • F9 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s2 documented · field
    These describe how often Bing Copilot was used for different work activities, how successfully, and what this usage indicates about which occupations AI may be applicable to.
22.Consumer use "does not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace", where AI tools are integrated into specialized software or chosen for their capability or for compliance (README), and the record tags it as no measure of all workplace AI use and as unable to answer for workplace-integrated or specialised tools (Labor Vector record).4
  • F25 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶2 s3–5 documented · field
    As these results are based on consumer AI usage, they do not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace. For some work tasks, AI tools are directly integrated into specialized software, or specific models are used for their dedicated capability or compliance with data security requirements.
  • LV-21 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].stated_limits.2 attributed
    consumer usage does not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace
  • LV-37 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].negative_tags.2 stipulation
    NOT a measure of all workplace AI use: one consumer product, Bing Copilot, in the United States
  • LV-27 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.2 interpretation
    AI use through workplace-integrated or specialised tools
23.It is not an employment outcome measure and cannot answer employment or wage change (Labor Vector record); in the census's question of which sources observe employment change and which estimate exposure it is "estimated from use", and "No record establishes that exposure causes the employment change" (Labor Vector worked questions).4
  • LV-36 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].negative_tags.1 stipulation
    NOT an employment outcome measure
  • LV-26 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].does_not_answer.1 interpretation
    employment or wage change
  • LV-44 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'observed-or-estimated'].resources[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].role interpretation
    estimated from use: an applicability score built from Bing Copilot conversations
  • LV-45 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · questions.json questions[id == 'observed-or-estimated'].gap interpretation
    No record establishes that exposure causes the employment change
24.The paper was submitted on 10 July 2025 and revised to v7 on 23 October 2026 for NeurIPS 2026, 50 pages (arXiv), its results files at v1.1, which add a physical-task classification and nonphysical weights and score (README); the scores and component metrics are published (arXiv) on GitHub under CC BY 4.0, the lifecycle active over a fixed 2024 data window (README; Labor Vector record), and the analysis was approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (README).9
  • F37 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), submission line; Comments documented · field
    [Submitted on 10 Jul 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 23 Oct 2026 (this version, v7)] … 50 pages; NeurIPS 2026
  • F16 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Updates documented · field
    (current) v1.1: referenced by the NeurIPS '26 version and by arXiv paper revisions v6 and v7. Adds physical task classification, nonphysical IWA weights, and nonphysical AI applicability score.
  • F38 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract, last line documented · field
    AI applicability scores and component usage and success metrics are available at this https URL .
  • F29 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), License s1 documented · field
    This repository is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  • LV-31 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].data_access documented
    results files on GitHub (IWA-level and SOC-level metrics, applicability scores, weights)
  • LV-32 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].license documented
    CC BY 4.0
  • LV-33 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].lifecycle documented
    {"state": "active", "detail": "a fixed 2024 data window; the paper revised to arXiv v7 (23 October 2026) for NeurIPS 2026; results files at v1.1"}
  • LV-34 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].version_and_time documented
    {"arxiv_v1": "2025-07-10", "arxiv_v7": "2026-10-23", "results": "v1.1", "venue": "NeurIPS 2026", "read": "2026-10-29"}
  • F27 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Ethics ¶1 documented · field
    Data analysis was conducted with approval from the Microsoft Institutional Review Board.
25.The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report cites it, "See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score" (Anthropic Economic Index), and the record sets the two side by side, each classifying one provider's own conversations to O*NET work (Labor Vector record).2
  • F39 census third party — Anthropic Economic Index report, January 2026 (footnote 3), footnote 3 (to 'The primitives introduced in this report can help better characterize how AI is changing the work content of occupations.') documented · field
    See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score.
  • LV-39 LV Labor Vector meta-aggregator record: Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations (https Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].relations.0 interpretation
    {"rel": "neighbour", "target": "anthropic-economic-index", "note": "the Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report cites this paper's AI applicability score as related; both classify one provider's own conversations to O*NET work"}
26.Wikipedia has no article for it ("Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name"); its article on the workplace impact of artificial intelligence says that "A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI", that "Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete", and that critics held it misrepresented typical workplace activities, the historian Chris Campbell arguing that its methods "de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills" (Wikipedia).5
  • F40 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', rendered page for 'Working_with_AI' (and the full title, and 'AI_applicability_score'), HTTP 404 documented · field
    Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.
  • F41 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence' § Hazards › Psychosocial › Changes in work practices, s1 documented · field
    A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI.
  • F42 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s2 documented · field
    Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete.
  • F43 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s3 documented · field
    Criticism of the paper suggesting that it had misrepresented typical workplace activities to augment AI's current performance.
  • F44 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s4 (Campbell, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 10 December 2025) documented · field
    The historian Chris Campbell argued that the "report's methods, deliberately or otherwise, de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills to one that is tasked solely with the retention and provision of knowledge. Under that flawed rubric, it is little wonder that historians have a high AI applicability score."
27.At the address "Microsoft Working with AI", the study's short title with its operator's name, Google's AI Overview on 29 October 2026 gave the name its other sense, Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, a distinct entity, describing how Microsoft uses AI and what that has meant for its staff (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29), from cards on Microsoft Copilot for work, Microsoft's AI business tools, Copilot plans for individuals, the company's own AI transformation, buyouts offered to 60,000 employees and its MAI models (the cards).10
  • CAP-1-05 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[2] documented
    THE ADDRESS. The query is the study's short title with its operator's name; the name the record carries is the full title, and the repository is microsoft/working-with-ai.
  • CAP-1-09 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, q_kind s2 documented
    The name is also Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, and the composition gives that sense.
  • CAP-1-08 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, reading interpretation
    The innocent reading first. Asked about Microsoft working with AI, the Overview describes how Microsoft uses AI and what that has meant for its own staff, from Microsoft's product pages and the press.
  • CAP-1-04 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[1] documented
    THE COMPANY IN ITS PLACE. The answer composes the operator's products and its restructuring, from Microsoft's product pages (cards 2, 3, 6), its blog (card 4) and the press (cards 5, 7).
  • F45 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work … Core Features: Integrates Chat and Cowork via Home, embeds into Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams), and utilizes Work IQ for organizat...
  • F46 Microsoft — Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools … Products & Tools: Microsoft IQ (shared business understanding), Microsoft 365 Copilot (embedded app intelligence), Copilot Studio (agent building/extension), Mi...
  • F49 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365 … Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered assistant designed to help you be more productive. It can help you create content, find information, summarize documents, ema...
  • F47 The Official Microsoft Blog — What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog, card title and snippet documented · field
    What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog … Lessons: Start with business outcomes, not technology (tool access doesn't equal transformation; focus on goals and moments that matter); Redesign entire workfl...
  • F48 YouTube·ABC News — Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows, card title (video, 1:53; no snippet) documented · field
    Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows
  • F50 Facebook — Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI … Feb 12, 2026 — Microsoft just weaponized Copilot with their own independent voice AI. They dropped MAI models and broke free from their OpenAI reliance completely. This isn't ...
28.The study's card headed the rail with its finding in the snippet and the composition drew nothing from it: at an address shaped like its title the study is outranked by its own operator, Microsoft named with no author of the study and no identifier, the provider's observation not composed at all, and the closing offer on how AI is changing specific job roles the nearest point to its question (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).5
  • CAP-1-01 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[0] s1–2 documented
    THE STUDY ABSENT FROM THE ANSWER. The record's entity is Microsoft Research's paper (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts and Suri): 200,000 Bing Copilot conversations classified into user goals and AI actions, an AI applicability score by occupation.
  • CAP-1-02 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[0] s3 documented
    Its card is first on the rail, with its snippet ('We find the highest AI applicability scores for knowledge work occupation groups such as computer and mathematical, and office and ...'); the composition draws nothing from it.
  • CAP-1-06 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, analysis s1 interpretation
    At an address shaped like its title, the study is outranked in the composition by its own operator, though it heads the card rail.
  • CAP-1-11 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, per_note documented
    Microsoft named; no author of the study; no identifier; the study's own page cited (card 1) and unused.
  • CAP-1-13 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, per_dim.read.notes s6–7 interpretation
    Platform-specific record (item 5): the provider's observation is not composed at all, so neither generalised nor inverted. The follow-up offer 'how AI is changing specific job roles?' is the nearest point to the target's question and does not reach it.
29.The composition's Microsoft Copilot is the product line whose consumer conversations the study observes, given as a product and not as the source of an observation, and the record's negative tag, that the score is not a measure of AI's ability to replace jobs, sits beside an answer whose one labor line is a workforce buyout; the record had landed the same day, no card cites it, and the finding was checked against it and the sources it saved (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).4
  • CAP-1-12 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, per_dim.read.notes s4 interpretation
    The composition's 'Microsoft Copilot' is the product line whose consumer conversations (as Bing Copilot) the target observes, here composed as a product, not as the source of an observation.
  • CAP-1-07 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, analysis s2 interpretation
    The record's negative tag, that the applicability score is not a measure of AI's ability to replace jobs, sits beside an answer whose one labor line is a workforce buyout.
  • CAP-1-10 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, q_kind s3–4 documented
    A baseline: the record landed on laborvector.org the same day (commit bf90841) and no card cites it. NEW address.
  • CAP-1-03 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AX Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[0] s4 documented
    Checked 2026-10-29 against the Labor Vector census record of the same day and the sources it saved.

the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the v0.9 plan in one claim space; it faces on the card. Composed under v0.9, equal case (ρ = extends): KO_B sentences surviving 0 of 12; every field claim carried. composed 2026-10-29 from the v0.9 knowledge object; not frozen

Compression · The field's ontology — L_F(B)Microsoft Working with AI

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations is Microsoft Research's study measuring AI's applicability to occupations from 200k Bing Copilot conversations (paper; README), whose metrics are not to be read as measuring AI's ability to replace jobs (README).

🔎 How it works

  • Data: Microsoft's Bing Copilot conversations, US, January–September 2024 (README).1↘
    The conversations were collected by Microsoft from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English, and the occupations cover 785 SOC codes and 149.8 million workers (README).§3
  • Classifier: O*NET work activities as user goals and AI actions, by an LLM pipeline (paper; README).1↘
    An LLM pipeline classifies the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation, reporting user goals and AI actions separately at the level of intermediate work activities and detailed SOC occupations (arXiv; README).§4
  • Score: completion, scope and feedback per occupation (README; Microsoft Research).2↘
    Its metrics' goal is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations": how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used for work activities, and which occupations AI may be applicable to (README), on a question both versions of its abstract call among society's most important, the economic effects of AI (the Microsoft Research page; arXiv).§2 Completion, impact scope and thumbs feedback measure success, and with the activity classifications they give each occupation an AI applicability score, the user and AI sides averaged (README; the Microsoft Research page).§5

📊 Findings

  • 2025: knowledge work groups and sales highest (Microsoft Research).2↘
    Its metrics' goal is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations": how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used for work activities, and which occupations AI may be applicable to (README), on a question both versions of its abstract call among society's most important, the economic effects of AI (the Microsoft Research page; arXiv).§2 The July 2025 abstract found the highest scores in knowledge work groups such as computer and mathematical and office and administrative support, and in sales, with users seeking help gathering information and writing and the AI providing information, writing, teaching and advising, and it set usage against predictions of occupational AI impact (the Microsoft Research page).§6
  • v7: information work; across sectors; rising; delegation predicted (paper).2↘
    Its metrics' goal is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations": how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used for work activities, and which occupations AI may be applicable to (README), on a question both versions of its abstract call among society's most important, the economic effects of AI (the Microsoft Research page; arXiv).§2 The v7 abstract finds the most common and successful AI-assisted activities to be information work, applicability cutting across sectors and rising over the nine months, and states that the method predicts which occupations will delegate tasks to AI and which will use it to assist existing workflows (arXiv).§7

⚠️ Limits

  • Not replacement: proxies; consumer use; imperfect classifiers (README; Microsoft Research).1↘
    The authors' limit is that the metrics "should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs": the success measures are proxies, the metrics say what a consumer LLM is used for, consumer use does not represent the workplace, and LLM-based classifiers are imperfect (README); the operator's page links a note on applicability against job displacement (the Microsoft Research page).§8

🏛️ Record

  • Published: v1 2025, v7 2026, NeurIPS; CC BY 4.0 (paper; README).2↘
    Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations, by members of Microsoft Research (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts and Suri), measures AI applicability to occupations from real-world use, 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot, where earlier work relied on predictions of capability or on single firms (arXiv:2507.07935; README; the Microsoft Research page).§1 The paper runs from arXiv v1 (10 July 2025) to v7 (23 October 2026, NeurIPS 2026), its results files at v1.1 under CC BY 4.0, its analysis approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (arXiv; README).§9
  • Cited: Anthropic Economic Index; Wikipedia's workplace article, no article of its own (Anthropic; Wikipedia).2↘
    The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report points to it for "a related AI applicability score" (Anthropic Economic Index).§10 Wikipedia has no article for it; its article on the workplace impact of AI reports forty jobs identified from Microsoft Copilot interactions, media reports of jobs becoming obsolete, and criticism, Chris Campbell's among it (Wikipedia).§11
  • Other sense: Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, six cards (the cards).1↘
    Six of the seven cards at the address concern a distinct entity at the name, Microsoft's own AI products, transformation, workforce and models (the cards).§12
1what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real useMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft5 claims · B1, B8, B9
  • F31 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s2–3 documented · field
    Earlier work on AI impact largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms. Drawing instead on real-world AI usage, we analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot to measure AI applicability to occupations.
  • F2 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s2 documented · field
    In this work, we take a step toward that goal by analyzing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and broadly those activities are done, and combine that with data on what occupations do those activities.
  • F10 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s3 documented · field
    The goal of these metrics is to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations.
  • F9 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s2 documented · field
    These describe how often Bing Copilot was used for different work activities, how successfully, and what this usage indicates about which occupations AI may be applicable to.
  • F21 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s3 documented · field
    Rather, our metrics indicate (1) what a consumer LLM is used for, (2) in a relative sense, which of these uses are more or less successful, and (3) which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable as a result.
2operator, authors and ethicsown page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)2 claims · B8
  • F28 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Contact s1 documented · field
    This research was conducted by members of [Microsoft Research](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/).
  • F27 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Ethics ¶1 documented · field
    Data analysis was conducted with approval from the Microsoft Institutional Review Board.
3the data: one provider's own product, Bing CopilotMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft2 claims · B1, B8
  • F3 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s3 documented · field
    We analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized and privacy-scrubbed conversations between users and Microsoft Bing Copilot, a publicly available generative AI system.
  • F22 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Data creation and processing ¶1 documented · field
    These results were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft and consists of conversations between users and Bing Copilot.
4why: the economic effects of AIMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft2 claims · B1, B9
  • F1 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s1 documented · field
    Given the rapid adoption of generative AI and its potential to impact a wide range of tasks, understanding the effects of AI on the economy is one of society’s most important questions.
  • F30 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s1 documented · field
    With generative AI emerging as a general-purpose technology, understanding its economic effects is among society's most pressing questions.
5coverage: the United States, January–September 2024own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)3 claims · B8
  • F18 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Transparency, Intended uses ¶2 documented · field
    The conversations contributing to these results are from Bing Copilot in the United States from January 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024, so may not represent AI usage in other countries.
  • F26 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The majority of conversations were in English, but we did not filter by language.
  • F17 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Missing data ¶1 documented · field
    This leaves us with 785 SOC codes covering 149.8 million workers according to the 2023 BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data (total US employment in 2023 OEWS data is 151.9 million).
6the pipeline: an LLM classifier and its limitown page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7)3 claims · B8, B9
  • F32 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s4 documented · field
    We use an LLM-based pipeline to classify the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation.
  • F23 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Data creation and processing ¶2 s1 documented · field
    The classification of conversations into IWAs was performed by an LLM pipeline designed by Kiran Tomlinson, Siddharth Suri, and Scott Counts.
  • F24 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶2 s1–2 documented · field
    LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution. See the paper for the exact prompts we used and for interrater reliability with human annotators.
7the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupationsown page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)2 claims · B8
  • F11 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s1 documented · field
    In particular, they include our metrics aggregated at the O*NET intermediate work activity (IWA) and occupation (detailed 2018 SOC code) level.
  • F12 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), File descriptions, iwa_metrics.csv documented · field
    `iwa_metrics.csv`: IWA-level metrics, reported separately for user goals and AI actions.
8success measures and the AI applicability scoreMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft4 claims · B1, B8
  • F13 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion documented · field
    `completion_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where our completion classfiier indicates that the LLM completed the user’s goal.
  • F14 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, impact scope and feedback documented · field
    `impact_scope_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where the classified scope of impact is moderate or higher. … `feedback_positive_fraction_{user,ai}`: of all thumbs reactions in Copilot-Thumbs on conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action), the fraction where the reaction was a thumbs up.
  • F5 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s5 documented · field
    Combining these activity classifications with measurements of task success and scope of impact, we compute an AI applicability score for each occupation.
  • F15 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion_x_scope_x_coverage documented · field
    The two sides are averaged together to compute the final AI applicability scores reported in `ai_applicability_scores.csv`.
9findings: information workMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft4 claims · B1, B9
  • F6 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s6 (the card's snippet) documented · field
    We find the highest AI applicability scores for knowledge work occupation groups such as computer and mathematical, and office and administrative support, as well as occupations such as sales whose work activities involve providing and communicating information.
  • F4 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s4 documented · field
    We find the most common work activities people seek AI assistance for involve gathering information and writing, while the most common activities that AI itself is performing are providing information and assistance, writing, teaching, and advising.
  • F33 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s5 documented · field
    We find that the most common and successful AI-assisted work activities involve information work--the creation, processing, and communication of information.
  • F34 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s6 documented · field
    At the occupation level, we find widespread AI applicability cutting across sectors, as most occupations have information work components.
10against predictions of AI impactMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft1 claim · B1
  • F7 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s7 documented · field
    Additionally, we characterize the types of work activities performed most successfully, how wage and education correlate with AI applicability, and how real-world usage compares to predictions of occupational AI impact.
11findings: the nine-month trendown page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7)1 claim · B9
  • F36 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s8 documented · field
    Finally, we see an increase in occupation-level AI applicability over our 9-month data period, driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks.
12delegation and assistanceown page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7)1 claim · B9
  • F35 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s7 documented · field
    Our methodology also allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows.
13the limit: applicability is not replacementMicrosoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft2 claims · B1, B8
  • F19 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s1 documented · field
    Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs.
  • F8 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, 'Blog & Podcasts' (link) documented · field
    Blog & Podcasts … Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations
14success measures are proxiesown page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)1 claim · B8
  • F20 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s2 documented · field
    There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks, and our measures of success (completion, scope, and thumbs feedback) are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities.
15consumer use, not the workplaceown page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)1 claim · B8
  • F25 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶2 s3–5 documented · field
    As these results are based on consumer AI usage, they do not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace. For some work tasks, AI tools are directly integrated into specialized software, or specific models are used for their dedicated capability or compliance with data security requirements.
16versions, data access and licenceown page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7)4 claims · B8, B9
  • F37 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), submission line; Comments documented · field
    [Submitted on 10 Jul 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 23 Oct 2026 (this version, v7)] … 50 pages; NeurIPS 2026
  • F16 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Updates documented · field
    (current) v1.1: referenced by the NeurIPS '26 version and by arXiv paper revisions v6 and v7. Adds physical task classification, nonphysical IWA weights, and nonphysical AI applicability score.
  • F38 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract, last line documented · field
    AI applicability scores and component usage and success metrics are available at this https URL .
  • F29 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), License s1 documented · field
    This repository is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
17neighbours: the Anthropic Economic Indexcensus third party — Anthropic Economic Index report, January 2026 (footnote 3)1 claim · B10
  • F39 census third party — Anthropic Economic Index report, January 2026 (footnote 3), footnote 3 (to 'The primitives introduced in this report can help better characterize how AI is changing the work content of occupations.') documented · field
    See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score.
18reception: the encyclopediaWikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence'5 claims · B11
  • F40 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', rendered page for 'Working_with_AI' (and the full title, and 'AI_applicability_score'), HTTP 404 documented · field
    Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.
  • F41 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence' § Hazards › Psychosocial › Changes in work practices, s1 documented · field
    A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI.
  • F42 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s2 documented · field
    Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete.
  • F43 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s3 documented · field
    Criticism of the paper suggesting that it had misrepresented typical workplace activities to augment AI's current performance.
  • F44 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s4 (Campbell, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 10 December 2025) documented · field
    The historian Chris Campbell argued that the "report's methods, deliberately or otherwise, de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills to one that is tasked solely with the retention and provision of knowledge. Under that flawed rubric, it is little wonder that historians have a high AI applicability score."
19the homonym: Microsoft's AI productsMicrosoft — Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work3 claims · B2, B3, B6
  • F45 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work … Core Features: Integrates Chat and Cowork via Home, embeds into Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams), and utilizes Work IQ for organizat...
  • F46 Microsoft — Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools … Products & Tools: Microsoft IQ (shared business understanding), Microsoft 365 Copilot (embedded app intelligence), Copilot Studio (agent building/extension), Mi...
  • F49 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365 … Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered assistant designed to help you be more productive. It can help you create content, find information, summarize documents, ema...
20the homonym: Microsoft's own transformation and workforceThe Official Microsoft Blog — What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog2 claims · B4, B5
  • F47 The Official Microsoft Blog — What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog, card title and snippet documented · field
    What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog … Lessons: Start with business outcomes, not technology (tool access doesn't equal transformation; focus on goals and moments that matter); Redesign entire workfl...
  • F48 YouTube·ABC News — Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows, card title (video, 1:53; no snippet) documented · field
    Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows
21the homonym: Microsoft's modelsFacebook — Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI1 claim · B7
  • F50 Facebook — Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI … Feb 12, 2026 — Microsoft just weaponized Copilot with their own independent voice AI. They dropped MAI models and broke free from their OpenAI reliance completely. This isn't ...
Expansion · The field's ontology — L_F(B)12 sentences · every one sourced below

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations, by members of Microsoft Research (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts and Suri), measures AI applicability to occupations from real-world use, 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot, where earlier work relied on predictions of capability or on single firms (arXiv:2507.07935; README; the Microsoft Research page). Its metrics' goal is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations": how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used for work activities, and which occupations AI may be applicable to (README), on a question both versions of its abstract call among society's most important, the economic effects of AI (the Microsoft Research page; arXiv).

The conversations were collected by Microsoft from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English, and the occupations cover 785 SOC codes and 149.8 million workers (README). An LLM pipeline classifies the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation, reporting user goals and AI actions separately at the level of intermediate work activities and detailed SOC occupations (arXiv; README). Completion, impact scope and thumbs feedback measure success, and with the activity classifications they give each occupation an AI applicability score, the user and AI sides averaged (README; the Microsoft Research page).

The July 2025 abstract found the highest scores in knowledge work groups such as computer and mathematical and office and administrative support, and in sales, with users seeking help gathering information and writing and the AI providing information, writing, teaching and advising, and it set usage against predictions of occupational AI impact (the Microsoft Research page). The v7 abstract finds the most common and successful AI-assisted activities to be information work, applicability cutting across sectors and rising over the nine months, and states that the method predicts which occupations will delegate tasks to AI and which will use it to assist existing workflows (arXiv).

The authors' limit is that the metrics "should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs": the success measures are proxies, the metrics say what a consumer LLM is used for, consumer use does not represent the workplace, and LLM-based classifiers are imperfect (README); the operator's page links a note on applicability against job displacement (the Microsoft Research page). The paper runs from arXiv v1 (10 July 2025) to v7 (23 October 2026, NeurIPS 2026), its results files at v1.1 under CC BY 4.0, its analysis approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (arXiv; README).

The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report points to it for "a related AI applicability score" (Anthropic Economic Index). Wikipedia has no article for it; its article on the workplace impact of AI reports forty jobs identified from Microsoft Copilot interactions, media reports of jobs becoming obsolete, and criticism, Chris Campbell's among it (Wikipedia). Six of the seven cards at the address concern a distinct entity at the name, Microsoft's own AI products, transformation, workforce and models (the cards).

Provenance — every sentence sourced12 sentences

12 sentences; 50 field claims, 0 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations, by members of Microsoft Research (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts and Suri), measures AI applicability to occupations from real-world use, 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot, where earlier work relied on predictions of capability or on single firms (arXiv:2507.07935; README; the Microsoft Research page).4
  • F31 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s2–3 documented · field
    Earlier work on AI impact largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms. Drawing instead on real-world AI usage, we analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot to measure AI applicability to occupations.
  • F28 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Contact s1 documented · field
    This research was conducted by members of [Microsoft Research](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/).
  • F2 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s2 documented · field
    In this work, we take a step toward that goal by analyzing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and broadly those activities are done, and combine that with data on what occupations do those activities.
  • F3 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s3 documented · field
    We analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized and privacy-scrubbed conversations between users and Microsoft Bing Copilot, a publicly available generative AI system.
2.Its metrics' goal is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations": how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used for work activities, and which occupations AI may be applicable to (README), on a question both versions of its abstract call among society's most important, the economic effects of AI (the Microsoft Research page; arXiv).4
  • F10 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s3 documented · field
    The goal of these metrics is to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations.
  • F9 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s2 documented · field
    These describe how often Bing Copilot was used for different work activities, how successfully, and what this usage indicates about which occupations AI may be applicable to.
  • F1 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s1 documented · field
    Given the rapid adoption of generative AI and its potential to impact a wide range of tasks, understanding the effects of AI on the economy is one of society’s most important questions.
  • F30 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s1 documented · field
    With generative AI emerging as a general-purpose technology, understanding its economic effects is among society's most pressing questions.
3.The conversations were collected by Microsoft from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English, and the occupations cover 785 SOC codes and 149.8 million workers (README).4
  • F22 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Data creation and processing ¶1 documented · field
    These results were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft and consists of conversations between users and Bing Copilot.
  • F18 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Transparency, Intended uses ¶2 documented · field
    The conversations contributing to these results are from Bing Copilot in the United States from January 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024, so may not represent AI usage in other countries.
  • F26 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The majority of conversations were in English, but we did not filter by language.
  • F17 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Missing data ¶1 documented · field
    This leaves us with 785 SOC codes covering 149.8 million workers according to the 2023 BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data (total US employment in 2023 OEWS data is 151.9 million).
4.An LLM pipeline classifies the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation, reporting user goals and AI actions separately at the level of intermediate work activities and detailed SOC occupations (arXiv; README).4
  • F32 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s4 documented · field
    We use an LLM-based pipeline to classify the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation.
  • F23 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Data creation and processing ¶2 s1 documented · field
    The classification of conversations into IWAs was performed by an LLM pipeline designed by Kiran Tomlinson, Siddharth Suri, and Scott Counts.
  • F11 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), ¶2 s1 documented · field
    In particular, they include our metrics aggregated at the O*NET intermediate work activity (IWA) and occupation (detailed 2018 SOC code) level.
  • F12 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), File descriptions, iwa_metrics.csv documented · field
    `iwa_metrics.csv`: IWA-level metrics, reported separately for user goals and AI actions.
5.Completion, impact scope and thumbs feedback measure success, and with the activity classifications they give each occupation an AI applicability score, the user and AI sides averaged (README; the Microsoft Research page).4
  • F13 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion documented · field
    `completion_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where our completion classfiier indicates that the LLM completed the user’s goal.
  • F14 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, impact scope and feedback documented · field
    `impact_scope_{user,ai}`: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where the classified scope of impact is moderate or higher. … `feedback_positive_fraction_{user,ai}`: of all thumbs reactions in Copilot-Thumbs on conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action), the fraction where the reaction was a thumbs up.
  • F5 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s5 documented · field
    Combining these activity classifications with measurements of task success and scope of impact, we compute an AI applicability score for each occupation.
  • F15 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), IWA-level metrics, completion_x_scope_x_coverage documented · field
    The two sides are averaged together to compute the final AI applicability scores reported in `ai_applicability_scores.csv`.
6.The July 2025 abstract found the highest scores in knowledge work groups such as computer and mathematical and office and administrative support, and in sales, with users seeking help gathering information and writing and the AI providing information, writing, teaching and advising, and it set usage against predictions of occupational AI impact (the Microsoft Research page).3
  • F6 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s6 (the card's snippet) documented · field
    We find the highest AI applicability scores for knowledge work occupation groups such as computer and mathematical, and office and administrative support, as well as occupations such as sales whose work activities involve providing and communicating information.
  • F4 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s4 documented · field
    We find the most common work activities people seek AI assistance for involve gathering information and writing, while the most common activities that AI itself is performing are providing information and assistance, writing, teaching, and advising.
  • F7 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, abstract s7 documented · field
    Additionally, we characterize the types of work activities performed most successfully, how wage and education correlate with AI applicability, and how real-world usage compares to predictions of occupational AI impact.
7.The v7 abstract finds the most common and successful AI-assisted activities to be information work, applicability cutting across sectors and rising over the nine months, and states that the method predicts which occupations will delegate tasks to AI and which will use it to assist existing workflows (arXiv).4
  • F33 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s5 documented · field
    We find that the most common and successful AI-assisted work activities involve information work--the creation, processing, and communication of information.
  • F34 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s6 documented · field
    At the occupation level, we find widespread AI applicability cutting across sectors, as most occupations have information work components.
  • F36 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s8 documented · field
    Finally, we see an increase in occupation-level AI applicability over our 9-month data period, driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks.
  • F35 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract s7 documented · field
    Our methodology also allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows.
8.The authors' limit is that the metrics "should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs": the success measures are proxies, the metrics say what a consumer LLM is used for, consumer use does not represent the workplace, and LLM-based classifiers are imperfect (README); the operator's page links a note on applicability against job displacement (the Microsoft Research page).6
  • F19 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s1 documented · field
    Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs.
  • F20 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s2 documented · field
    There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks, and our measures of success (completion, scope, and thumbs feedback) are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities.
  • F21 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Out-of-scope uses s3 documented · field
    Rather, our metrics indicate (1) what a consumer LLM is used for, (2) in a relative sense, which of these uses are more or less successful, and (3) which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable as a result.
  • F25 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶2 s3–5 documented · field
    As these results are based on consumer AI usage, they do not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace. For some work tasks, AI tools are directly integrated into specialized software, or specific models are used for their dedicated capability or compliance with data security requirements.
  • F24 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Limitations ¶2 s1–2 documented · field
    LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution. See the paper for the exact prompts we used and for interrater reliability with human annotators.
  • F8 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft, 'Blog & Podcasts' (link) documented · field
    Blog & Podcasts … Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations
9.The paper runs from arXiv v1 (10 July 2025) to v7 (23 October 2026, NeurIPS 2026), its results files at v1.1 under CC BY 4.0, its analysis approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (arXiv; README).5
  • F37 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), submission line; Comments documented · field
    [Submitted on 10 Jul 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 23 Oct 2026 (this version, v7)] … 50 pages; NeurIPS 2026
  • F16 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Updates documented · field
    (current) v1.1: referenced by the NeurIPS '26 version and by arXiv paper revisions v6 and v7. Adds physical task classification, nonphysical IWA weights, and nonphysical AI applicability score.
  • F38 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7), abstract, last line documented · field
    AI applicability scores and component usage and success metrics are available at this https URL .
  • F29 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), License s1 documented · field
    This repository is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
  • F27 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai), Ethics ¶1 documented · field
    Data analysis was conducted with approval from the Microsoft Institutional Review Board.
10.The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report points to it for "a related AI applicability score" (Anthropic Economic Index).1
  • F39 census third party — Anthropic Economic Index report, January 2026 (footnote 3), footnote 3 (to 'The primitives introduced in this report can help better characterize how AI is changing the work content of occupations.') documented · field
    See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score.
11.Wikipedia has no article for it; its article on the workplace impact of AI reports forty jobs identified from Microsoft Copilot interactions, media reports of jobs becoming obsolete, and criticism, Chris Campbell's among it (Wikipedia).5
  • F40 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', rendered page for 'Working_with_AI' (and the full title, and 'AI_applicability_score'), HTTP 404 documented · field
    Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.
  • F41 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence' § Hazards › Psychosocial › Changes in work practices, s1 documented · field
    A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI.
  • F42 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s2 documented · field
    Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete.
  • F43 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s3 documented · field
    Criticism of the paper suggesting that it had misrepresented typical workplace activities to augment AI's current performance.
  • F44 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence', same paragraph, s4 (Campbell, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 10 December 2025) documented · field
    The historian Chris Campbell argued that the "report's methods, deliberately or otherwise, de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills to one that is tasked solely with the retention and provision of knowledge. Under that flawed rubric, it is little wonder that historians have a high AI applicability score."
12.Six of the seven cards at the address concern a distinct entity at the name, Microsoft's own AI products, transformation, workforce and models (the cards).6
  • F45 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work … Core Features: Integrates Chat and Cowork via Home, embeds into Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams), and utilizes Work IQ for organizat...
  • F46 Microsoft — Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools … Products & Tools: Microsoft IQ (shared business understanding), Microsoft 365 Copilot (embedded app intelligence), Copilot Studio (agent building/extension), Mi...
  • F47 The Official Microsoft Blog — What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog, card title and snippet documented · field
    What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog … Lessons: Start with business outcomes, not technology (tool access doesn't equal transformation; focus on goals and moments that matter); Redesign entire workfl...
  • F48 YouTube·ABC News — Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows, card title (video, 1:53; no snippet) documented · field
    Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows
  • F49 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365 … Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered assistant designed to help you be more productive. It can help you create content, find information, summarize documents, ema...
  • F50 Facebook — Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI, card title and snippet documented · field
    Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI … Feb 12, 2026 — Microsoft just weaponized Copilot with their own independent voice AI. They dropped MAI models and broke free from their OpenAI reliance completely. This isn't ...

popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (cards, own pages, the census's third-party source, Wikipedia). With no archive claim admitted, the entry is Microsoft Research's study at its authors' resolution: the operator's page with the July 2025 abstract, the README, the arXiv page at v7, a citing report and Wikipedia's paragraph; the name's other sense stands on six cards. composed 2026-10-29 from the field ledger alone; not frozen

Form ledger — AIO against both arms, at both levels
AIO (T)L_F compressionL_F expansionL_A compressionL_A expansion
body words1891455063571924
distinct claims8505099118
claims per 100 words4.234.59.927.76.1
field claims carried (of 50)—50504450
archive claims0005568
rail7 documents21 lineagesper sentence27 lineagesper sentence
modality shown innonetypographygrammartypographygrammar

Computed from the row at build: words counted in the text; claims from the ledger ids each line or sentence carries. T's claims are the worked example's T1–T9.

The objects

Tthe transcript189 words · 7 cards

register entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 OBS-25ca6976c874 · file as first run sha256 f9678438e04bab9b…

  • T1-1 lede: 'Microsoft integrates artificial intelligence across its core software ecosystem, enterprise infrastructure, and internal operations, while shifting toward massive AI data center investments and proprietary model development.' (three markers)
  • T1-2 product (heading 'Key AI Products & Platforms'): 'Microsoft Copilot: An AI-powered assistant embedded across Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams) and Windows to draft content, summarize meetings, and analyze data.' (two markers)
  • T1-3 product: 'Azure AI: Cloud infrastructure providing enterprise-grade machine learning tools, model hosting, data security, and compliance mechanisms.' (one marker)
  • T1-4 product: 'Microsoft Fabric: A unified data and intelligence platform connecting analytics and AI workloads.' (one marker)
  • T1-5 models: 'Homegrown MAI Models: Microsoft has increasingly developed its own internal AI models (such as audio and multimodal tech) alongside its partnership with OpenAI.' (one marker)
  • T1-6 workplace (heading 'Workplace Transformation & Workforce Impact'): 'Workflow Redesign: Microsoft emphasizes redesigning end-to-end business processes and deploying specialized AI agents rather than just dropping tools into old routines.' (one marker)
  • T1-7 workforce: 'Workforce Shifts: To fund intensive AI infrastructure and data center expansion exceeding $100 billion, Microsoft has scaled back certain traditional roles and offered large-scale workforce buyouts to restructure teams around an AI-driven operating model.' (one marker)
  • T1-8 closer: 'Would you like to know more about Microsoft 365 Copilot pricing, Azure AI enterprise features, or how AI is changing specific job roles?' (content replaced by use, N_ext)
Bthe disclosed field11 sources
  • B1 Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft card; B1.html sha256 e1f8e1b60bb379f6, HTTP 200 at 2026-10-29T22:31:37Z (agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Labor-Vector-census)')
  • B2 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work the homonym's card; not fetched as field (addendum item 5); title and snippet only
  • B3 Microsoft — Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools the homonym's card; not fetched as field (addendum item 5); title and snippet only
  • B4 The Official Microsoft Blog — What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog the homonym's card; not fetched as field (addendum item 5); title and snippet only
  • B5 YouTube·ABC News — Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows the homonym's card; not fetched as field (addendum item 5); title and snippet only
  • B6 Microsoft — Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365 the homonym's card; not fetched as field (addendum item 5); title and snippet only
  • B7 Facebook — Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI the homonym's card; not fetched as field (addendum item 5); title and snippet only
  • B8 own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai) census copy microsoft-working-with-ai--readme, sha256 b98be795b8a96490 (equal to the census's), read 2026-10-29; not refetched
  • B9 own page — arXiv:2507.07935 abstract page (v7) census copy microsoft-working-with-ai--arxiv, sha256 8315551565cd5986 (equal to the census's), read 2026-10-29; not refetched
  • B10 census third party — Anthropic Economic Index report, January 2026 (footnote 3) census copy anthropic-economic-index--jan-2026, sha256 8d0d80679aaf24b9 (equal to the census's), read 2026-10-29; not refetched
  • B11 Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence' Wikipedia: no article (HTTP 404 on three titles); the citing article B11.html sha256 a2483d45f8ad1075, HTTP 200 at 2026-10-29T22:33:01Z
Ethe two entities and their relationρ = extends · equal case

E_A, the archive's entity: the same study, in the Labor Vector census record and the archive's labor instruments: a paper with results files, by Microsoft Research, of the kind interaction data, exposure estimate and data access, at the intersection labor performed with AI, its unit a Bing Copilot conversation classified as user goal and AI action, its labor object the work activities users seek help with and those the AI performs; on the census's question, users supply the goals and the AI the actions, the user's goal as classified directs, and the gains are not recorded; tagged not a measure of AI's ability to replace jobs, not an employment outcome measure, not a measure of all workplace AI use, and not independent of the provider, a platform-specific observation of Microsoft's own product; a member of the class whose labor the archive measures by its direction relative to the commissioned task (#771), the entity's own goal/action separation and completion classifier meeting DSL there on the archive's reading, with the archive's bounds on the instrument (one-shot commissions; inferred tasks constrained to the user's input; user labor drag by blind coding) and the gap the record names, that none of the resources records from the commissioning side whether the labor advanced the user's task or who receives the time it saves; at its name, composed by the AI Overview of 29 October 2026 as Microsoft's own products and workforce, the study's card first and unused. LV-01 LV-02 LV-07 LV-06 LV-05 LV-08 LV-09 LV-10 LV-11 LV-12 LV-35 LV-36 LV-37 LV-38 O771-01 O771-02 LV-30 O771-06 O771-07 O771-05 LV-48 CAP-1-01 CAP-1-04 CAP-1-09; defining papers #771, #1392

E_F, the field's entity (type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity: a paper with results files; a provider's observation of its own product's use)): the paper of Microsoft Research (Kiran Tomlinson, Sonia Jaffe, Will Wang, Scott Counts, Siddharth Suri; arXiv:2507.07935, v1 10 July 2025, v7 23 October 2026, NeurIPS 2026) and its results files (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai, v1.1, CC BY 4.0) that measure AI applicability to occupations from real-world use: 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft's own Bing Copilot, United States, 1 January to 30 September 2024, collected by Microsoft, classified by an LLM pipeline to the O*NET intermediate work activities they serve as user goals and as AI actions, with completion, impact scope and thumbs feedback combined into an AI applicability score per occupation (785 SOC codes, 149.8 million workers); finding information work the most common and successful AI-assisted activity (v7; by occupation group in July 2025), applicability across sectors and rising over the period, and predicting which occupations delegate to AI and which use it to assist; its authors' limit that the metrics do not measure the ability of AI to replace jobs, that its success measures are proxies, that consumer use does not represent the workplace and that its classifiers are imperfect. Cited by the Anthropic Economic Index; no Wikipedia article, cited in Wikipedia's article on the workplace impact of AI for forty jobs, media reports of obsolescence and criticism. At the address, six of seven cards are a distinct entity, Microsoft's own AI products and workforce.

ρ = extends: The archive reads Working with AI as its authors present it and adds, on the field's own object: the census's question of who supplies, who directs and who receives the gains, with the gains not recorded and outside what the evidence can answer; the provider's observation of its own product, tagged as such; the direction of labor relative to the commissioned task, task-origin as provenance, span scoring and user labor drag, with the instrument's identification limits; the reading that the entity's goal/action separation and completion classifier meet DSL; the gap no resource records, from the commissioning side; and the composition layer's substitution, at the name, of the operator's products and workforce for the study. LV-41 LV-42 LV-12 LV-29 LV-38 O771-01 O771-02 O771-03 O771-04 O771-05 O771-06 O771-07 LV-30 LV-48 CAP-1-01 CAP-1-04 CAP-1-06. Guard: ρ = extends claims an addition and no more (§1.2a). It does not make the field's sources wrong at their dates. Where an archive claim stands against a field claim (LV-11 'separates' against F35 'allows us to predict'), both are composed under P_coh within the one ontology. #771's identification condition and its rule for inferred task vectors are composed as the archive's bounds on the class, not as a finding about the entity's classifier, which the archive has not audited (the paper's prompts and interrater reliability are unchecked, LV-40).

The case: equal terms, ontology included (v0.9). The archive reads the field's entity as the entity. The Labor Vector census record describes the study from its own pages, each field with its basis ('operator'), and answers for it the census's question of who supplies the labor, who directs it and who receives its gains, field by field (LV-41, LV-42), recording the gains as 'not recorded' (LV-12). No deposit names the study. The archive bears on its class, labor performed with AI, the census's own intersection for it (LV-05, LV-06), through the Directionality of Semantic Labor (#771), which adds on the field's own object a direction relative to the commissioned task, task-origin as provenance, user labor drag and the measure's identification limits (O771-01–07), and through the record's reading that the entity's goal/action separation and completion classifier meet DSL (LV-30) and the worked question's gap that none of the resources records, from the commissioning side, whether the system's labor advanced the user's task or who receives the time it saves (LV-48). Each is an addition: #771's own relation to the measures it sits beside is 'Extension', and nothing in the archive contests that the entity is Microsoft Research's measurement of AI applicability from Bing Copilot conversations. The field holds the ontology (a study, its data, its score, its limits); the archive is not the only witness to an ontology the field lacks, so the law of the suppressed witness does not apply (§0.10). The equal-terms case (§0.9).

#771 header, Relation: Relation: Extension — directionality is the third axis beside magnitude (PER) and power-conditioning (Omega)

#771 Core thesis s1: A synthetic labor surface does not merely produce tokens; it *allocates* labor, and that allocation has a direction relative to the commissioned task.

#771 Abstract s4: The central principle is that provenance is not only claim-origin but *task-origin*: a system can produce fluent, well-attributed output while having abandoned the user's commissioned direction.

#LV census.json rows[slug == 'microsoft-working-with-ai'].lv_intersection: The archive's reading: the separation of user goal from AI action, and the completion classifier ('the LLM completed the user's goal'), are the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission; they meet DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback. Task-origin is recorded as the user goal.

#LV questions.json questions[id == 'working-with-ai'].gap: None records, from the commissioning side, whether the system's labor advanced the task the user set, or who receives the time it saves. That is the question DSL measures.

τthe translation: every field claim carried, beside its statement in the archive's ontology50 field claims · 21 rows
field claimsreceivedreceiving texttranslationarchive
F1, F30F1 (B1, abstract s1): "Given the rapid adoption of generative AI and its potential to impact a wide range of tasks, understanding the effects of AI on the economy is one of society’s most important questions."; F30 (B9, abstract s1): "With generative AI emerging as a general-purpose technology, understanding its economic effects is among society's most pressing questions."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in its lineage)
F2, F9, F10, F21, F31F2 (B1, abstract s2): "In this work, we take a step toward that goal by analyzing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and broadly those activities are done, and combine that with data on what occupations do those activities."; F9 (B8, ¶2 s2): "These describe how often Bing Copilot was used for different work activities, how successfully, and what this usage indicates about which occupations AI may be applicable to."; F10 (B8, ¶2 s3): "The goal of these metrics is to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations."; F21 (B8, Out-of-scope uses s3): "Rather, our metrics indicate (1) what a consumer LLM is used for, (2) in a relative sense, which of these uses are more or less successful, and (3) which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable as a result."; F31 (B9, abstract s2–3): "Earlier work on AI impact largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms. Drawing instead on real-world AI usage, we analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot to measure AI applicability to occupations."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-01, LV-02, LV-03, LV-07LV-01, LV-02, LV-03, LV-07
F3, F22F3 (B1, abstract s3): "We analyze a dataset of 200k anonymized and privacy-scrubbed conversations between users and Microsoft Bing Copilot, a publicly available generative AI system."; F22 (B8, Data creation and processing ¶1): "These results were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft and consists of conversations between users and Bing Copilot."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in its lineage)
F4, F6, F33, F34F4 (B1, abstract s4): "We find the most common work activities people seek AI assistance for involve gathering information and writing, while the most common activities that AI itself is performing are providing information and assistance, writing, teaching, and advising."; F6 (B1, abstract s6 (the card's snippet)): "We find the highest AI applicability scores for knowledge work occupation groups such as computer and mathematical, and office and administrative support, as well as occupations such as sales whose work activities involve providing and communicating information."; F33 (B9, abstract s5): "We find that the most common and successful AI-assisted work activities involve information work--the creation, processing, and communication of information."; F34 (B9, abstract s6): "At the occupation level, we find widespread AI applicability cutting across sectors, as most occupations have information work components."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-16, LV-17LV-16, LV-17
F5, F13, F14, F15F5 (B1, abstract s5): "Combining these activity classifications with measurements of task success and scope of impact, we compute an AI applicability score for each occupation."; F13 (B8, IWA-level metrics, completion): "completion_{user,ai}: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where our completion classfiier indicates that the LLM completed the user’s goal."; F14 (B8, IWA-level metrics, impact scope and feedback): "impact_scope_{user,ai}: the fraction of conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action) where the classified scope of impact is moderate or higher. … feedback_positive_fraction_{user,ai}: of all thumbs reactions in Copilot-Thumbs on conversations mapping to an IWA (as a user goal or AI action), the fraction where the reaction was a thumbs up."; F15 (B8, IWA-level metrics, completion_x_scope_x_coverage): "The two sides are averaged together to compute the final AI applicability scores reported in ai_applicability_scores.csv."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in its lineage)
F7F7 (B1, abstract s7): "Additionally, we characterize the types of work activities performed most successfully, how wage and education correlate with AI applicability, and how real-world usage compares to predictions of occupational AI impact."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in its lineage)
F8, F19F8 (B1, 'Blog & Podcasts' (link)): "Blog & Podcasts … Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations"; F19 (B8, Out-of-scope uses s1): "Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-19, LV-25, LV-35LV-19, LV-25, LV-35
F11, F12F11 (B8, ¶2 s1): "In particular, they include our metrics aggregated at the O*NET intermediate work activity (IWA) and occupation (detailed 2018 SOC code) level."; F12 (B8, File descriptions, iwa_metrics.csv): "iwa_metrics.csv: IWA-level metrics, reported separately for user goals and AI actions."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-08, LV-09, LV-46LV-08, LV-09, LV-46
F16, F29, F37, F38F16 (B8, Updates): "(current) v1.1: referenced by the NeurIPS '26 version and by arXiv paper revisions v6 and v7. Adds physical task classification, nonphysical IWA weights, and nonphysical AI applicability score."; F29 (B8, License s1): "This repository is licensed under CC BY 4.0."; F37 (B9, submission line; Comments): "[Submitted on 10 Jul 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 23 Oct 2026 (this version, v7)] … 50 pages; NeurIPS 2026"; F38 (B9, abstract, last line): "AI applicability scores and component usage and success metrics are available at this https URL ."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-31, LV-32, LV-33, LV-34LV-31, LV-32, LV-33, LV-34
F17, F18, F26F17 (B8, Missing data ¶1): "This leaves us with 785 SOC codes covering 149.8 million workers according to the 2023 BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data (total US employment in 2023 OEWS data is 151.9 million)."; F18 (B8, Transparency, Intended uses ¶2): "The conversations contributing to these results are from Bing Copilot in the United States from January 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024, so may not represent AI usage in other countries."; F26 (B8, Limitations ¶1 s2): "The majority of conversations were in English, but we did not filter by language."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-14, LV-15, LV-23, LV-28LV-14, LV-15, LV-23, LV-28
F20F20 (B8, Out-of-scope uses s2): "There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks, and our measures of success (completion, scope, and thumbs feedback) are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-20LV-20
F23, F24, F32F23 (B8, Data creation and processing ¶2 s1): "The classification of conversations into IWAs was performed by an LLM pipeline designed by Kiran Tomlinson, Siddharth Suri, and Scott Counts."; F24 (B8, Limitations ¶2 s1–2): "LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution. See the paper for the exact prompts we used and for interrater reliability with human annotators."; F32 (B9, abstract s4): "We use an LLM-based pipeline to classify the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-13, LV-22LV-13, LV-22
F25F25 (B8, Limitations ¶2 s3–5): "As these results are based on consumer AI usage, they do not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace. For some work tasks, AI tools are directly integrated into specialized software, or specific models are used for their dedicated capability or compliance with data security requirements."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-21, LV-27, LV-37LV-21, LV-27, LV-37
F27, F28F27 (B8, Ethics ¶1): "Data analysis was conducted with approval from the Microsoft Institutional Review Board."; F28 (B8, Contact s1): "This research was conducted by members of [Microsoft Research](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/)."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-04LV-04
F35F35 (B9, abstract s7): "Our methodology also allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in its lineage)
F36F36 (B9, abstract s8): "Finally, we see an increase in occupation-level AI applicability over our 9-month data period, driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-18LV-18
F39F39 (B10, footnote 3 (to 'The primitives introduced in this report can help better characterize how AI is changing the work content of occupations.')): "See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score."—untranslated: composed as received beside LV-39LV-39
F40, F41, F42, F43, F44F40 (B11, rendered page for 'Working_with_AI' (and the full title, and 'AI_applicability_score'), HTTP 404): "Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name."; F41 (B11, 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence' § Hazards › Psychosocial › Changes in work practices, s1): "A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI."; F42 (B11, same paragraph, s2): "Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete."; F43 (B11, same paragraph, s3): "Criticism of the paper suggesting that it had misrepresented typical workplace activities to augment AI's current performance."; F44 (B11, same paragraph, s4 (Campbell, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 10 December 2025)): "The historian Chris Campbell argued that the "report's methods, deliberately or otherwise, de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills to one that is tasked solely with the retention and provision of knowledge. Under that flawed rubric, it is little wonder that historians have a high AI applicability score.""—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in its lineage)
F45, F46, F49F45 (B2, card title and snippet): "Microsoft Copilot: AI built for work … Core Features: Integrates Chat and Cowork via Home, embeds into Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams), and utilizes Work IQ for organizat..."; F46 (B3, card title and snippet): "Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools … Products & Tools: Microsoft IQ (shared business understanding), Microsoft 365 Copilot (embedded app intelligence), Copilot Studio (agent building/extension), Mi..."; F49 (B6, card title and snippet): "Microsoft Copilot Plans for Individuals | Microsoft 365 … Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered assistant designed to help you be more productive. It can help you create content, find information, summarize documents, ema..."—untranslated: the homonym's card, composed as received as a distinct entity at the name (never a sense of the entity), beside CAP-1-04, CAP-1-09CAP-1-04, CAP-1-09
F47, F48F47 (B4, card title and snippet): "What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog … Lessons: Start with business outcomes, not technology (tool access doesn't equal transformation; focus on goals and moments that matter); Redesign entire workfl..."; F48 (B5, card title (video, 1:53; no snippet)): "Microsoft offers buyouts to 60000 employees as spending on AI grows"—untranslated: the homonym's card, composed as received as a distinct entity at the name (never a sense of the entity), beside CAP-1-04, CAP-1-09CAP-1-04, CAP-1-09
F50F50 (B7, card title and snippet): "Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI … Feb 12, 2026 — Microsoft just weaponized Copilot with their own independent voice AI. They dropped MAI models and broke free from their OpenAI reliance completely. This isn't ..."—untranslated: the homonym's card, composed as received as a distinct entity at the name (never a sense of the entity), beside CAP-1-04, CAP-1-09CAP-1-04, CAP-1-09

equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with. Reading the received column recovers the field (§5.9).

R7the measure0 of 12 survive

v0.9 §4.10: KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as apply_v09.py does: difflib.SequenceMatcher ratio, the best KO sentence for each KO_B sentence): v0.9 0 of 12 (positions [None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]; composed first under v0.9, so there is no v0.7 object to measure against). Opening-run check (§5.10): no breach.

L_F(B)recomposed from the disclosed field, in the field's ontology506 words

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations, by members of Microsoft Research (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts and Suri), measures AI applicability to occupations from real-world use, 200k anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot, where earlier work relied on predictions of capability or on single firms (arXiv:2507.07935; README; the Microsoft Research page). Its metrics' goal is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations": how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used for work activities, and which occupations AI may be applicable to (README), on a question both versions of its abstract call among society's most important, the economic effects of AI (the Microsoft Research page; arXiv). The conversations were collected by Microsoft from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English, and the occupations cover 785 SOC codes and 149.8 million workers (README). An LLM pipeline classifies the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation, reporting user goals and AI actions separately at the level of intermediate work activities and detailed SOC occupations (arXiv; README). Completion, impact scope and thumbs feedback measure success, and with the activity classifications they give each occupation an AI applicability score, the user and AI sides averaged (README; the Microsoft Research page). The July 2025 abstract found the highest scores in knowledge work groups such as computer and mathematical and office and administrative support, and in sales, with users seeking help gathering information and writing and the AI providing information, writing, teaching and advising, and it set usage against predictions of occupational AI impact (the Microsoft Research page). The v7 abstract finds the most common and successful AI-assisted activities to be information work, applicability cutting across sectors and rising over the nine months, and states that the method predicts which occupations will delegate tasks to AI and which will use it to assist existing workflows (arXiv). The authors' limit is that the metrics "should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs": the success measures are proxies, the metrics say what a consumer LLM is used for, consumer use does not represent the workplace, and LLM-based classifiers are imperfect (README); the operator's page links a note on applicability against job displacement (the Microsoft Research page). The paper runs from arXiv v1 (10 July 2025) to v7 (23 October 2026, NeurIPS 2026), its results files at v1.1 under CC BY 4.0, its analysis approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (arXiv; README). The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report points to it for "a related AI applicability score" (Anthropic Economic Index). Wikipedia has no article for it; its article on the workplace impact of AI reports forty jobs identified from Microsoft Copilot interactions, media reports of jobs becoming obsolete, and criticism, Chris Campbell's among it (Wikipedia). Six of the seven cards at the address concern a distinct entity at the name, Microsoft's own AI products, transformation, workforce and models (the cards).

L_A(B ∪ A)the field and the archive composed in the archive's ontology1924 words

Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations is a paper with results files by Microsoft Research (Kiran Tomlinson, Sonia Jaffe, Will Wang, Scott Counts and Siddharth Suri), known also as Working with AI, by its AI applicability score and by its repository microsoft/working-with-ai (Labor Vector record), and the goal of its metrics is "to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations" (its README). Its authors set it against earlier work on AI impact, which "largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms": it draws instead on real-world use, 200,000 anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot, to measure AI applicability to occupations (arXiv:2507.07935), analysing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and how broadly, against data on which occupations do those activities (the Microsoft Research page). The question it takes up stands in two versions of its abstract: understanding the effects of AI on the economy is "one of society’s most important questions" (July 2025, the Microsoft Research page), and, of generative AI as a general-purpose technology, "among society's most pressing questions" (v7, arXiv). The conversations are Microsoft's own: the results "were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft" (README), and the record, which gives interaction data as one of its kinds of evidence, tags it "NOT independent of the provider: a platform-specific observation of Microsoft's own product, published by Microsoft Research" (Labor Vector record). They come from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English and not filtered by language, and "may not represent AI usage in other countries" (README); the occupations covered are 785 SOC codes, 149.8 million of 151.9 million workers in the 2023 OEWS data (README), the window and counts the record carries, with use outside the United States or after September 2024 among what the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record). The unit is a conversation classified to the O*NET intermediate work activities it serves, as a user goal and as an AI action, reported separately and aggregated to work activities and to detailed 2018 SOC occupations (README; Labor Vector record), so that the labor it records is the work activities users seek help with and those the AI performs, mapped to the occupations whose tasks contain them (Labor Vector record, with its worked questions). An LLM-based pipeline, designed by Tomlinson, Suri and Counts, classifies "the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation" (arXiv; README), and the authors state that "LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution", referring to the paper for the prompts and the interrater reliability (README), which the record lists among what it left unchecked, with the results files and the Copilot-Thumbs data (Labor Vector record). Success is measured three ways, by completion (where the completion classifier, "classfiier" as the README writes it, indicates "that the LLM completed the user’s goal"), by impact scope classified moderate or higher, and by the thumbs-up fraction in Copilot-Thumbs (README), and the activity classifications combined with task success and scope of impact give an AI applicability score for each occupation, the user-goal and AI-action sides averaged (the Microsoft Research page; README). The findings were first stated by occupation group: users seek help most with gathering information and writing, the AI itself most often provides information and assistance, writes, teaches and advises, the highest scores fall to knowledge work groups such as computer and mathematical and office and administrative support and to occupations such as sales, and real-world usage is compared with predictions of occupational AI impact and applicability correlated with wage and education (July 2025, the Microsoft Research page). The current abstract states them as information work, "the creation, processing, and communication of information": the most common and successful AI-assisted activities involve it, and applicability cuts across sectors because most occupations have information-work components (arXiv v7; Labor Vector record). Over the nine months occupation-level applicability rose, "driven primarily by people using AI for more varied tasks" (arXiv v7; Labor Vector record). The authors state that their methodology "allows us to predict which occupations are more likely to delegate tasks to AI and which are more likely to use AI to assist existing workflows" (arXiv v7), and the record gives this as who directs the labor, the user's goal as classified, the method separating occupations that delegate from those that use AI to assist (Labor Vector record). The census places the entity at one intersection, labor performed with AI, "assistance, delegation, task fidelity, correction burdens and user labor drag", and asks of it its organizing question, "Who supplies the labor, who directs it, and who receives its gains — and what kind of evidence does this resource bring to that question?", each answer as the resource records it, or 'not recorded' (Labor Vector record and schema). On the record, users bring the goals and the AI performs actions, the two reported separately (README; Labor Vector record), while who receives the gains is "not recorded", and "who receives gains from the assisted work" is among what this evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record). Of that class the archive's Directionality of Semantic Labor holds that a synthetic labor surface "allocates labor, and that allocation has a direction relative to the commissioned task", the deepest erasure being of task-origin, which "can occur upstream of, and invisibly to, any audit of the finished artifact", and that provenance is task-origin as well as claim-origin, since "a system can produce fluent, well-attributed output while having abandoned the user's commissioned direction" (#771). Its measure runs across five points of a transaction, capacity, task-origin, retrieval, output and attribution, with erasure possible at each, and scores output span by span by its function relative to the commissioned task (#771). The archive reads the entity's separation of user goal from AI action, and its completion classifier (README), as the resource's own instruments for whether the system's labor served the user's commission, meeting DSL there, measured by classifier and thumbs feedback, with task-origin recorded as the user goal; the schema keeps that reading apart from the resource's own terms (Labor Vector record, the archive's reading). The archive bounds its own instrument: it yields a single reproducible value only where the task vector is "exogenous and fixed — a one-shot commission"; a scored model may not freely infer the task it is scored against, inference being identified only when constrained to the user's own input and rederivable by an independent auditor, frozen protocol or blind panel; and user labor drag, the user's labor redirected into managing the substrate, which "leaves no residue" in the artifact, is identified only by blind inter-rater coding (#771). In the census's worked question on how people use AI systems in their own work, where a provider's record of its own users, a classification of one assistant's conversations and a benchmark each describe that labor "from a different position", the record states the gap: "None records, from the commissioning side, whether the system's labor advanced the task the user set, or who receives the time it saves. That is the question DSL measures." (Labor Vector worked questions). The authors' limit is explicit, "Our metrics should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs" (README), and the record carries it as a stated limit, a negative tag and a question the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record); the operator's publication page links a note titled "Applicability vs. job displacement: further notes on our recent research on AI and occupations" (the Microsoft Research page). "There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks", and completion, scope and thumbs feedback "are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities" (README; Labor Vector record); what the metrics indicate instead is what a consumer LLM is used for, which uses are relatively more or less successful, and which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable, from how often and how successfully Bing Copilot was used (README; Labor Vector record). Consumer use "does not represent the full distribution of AI use in the workplace", where AI tools are integrated into specialized software or chosen for their capability or for compliance (README), and the record tags it as no measure of all workplace AI use and as unable to answer for workplace-integrated or specialised tools (Labor Vector record). It is not an employment outcome measure and cannot answer employment or wage change (Labor Vector record); in the census's question of which sources observe employment change and which estimate exposure it is "estimated from use", and "No record establishes that exposure causes the employment change" (Labor Vector worked questions). The paper was submitted on 10 July 2025 and revised to v7 on 23 October 2026 for NeurIPS 2026, 50 pages (arXiv), its results files at v1.1, which add a physical-task classification and nonphysical weights and score (README); the scores and component metrics are published (arXiv) on GitHub under CC BY 4.0, the lifecycle active over a fixed 2024 data window (README; Labor Vector record), and the analysis was approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (README). The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report cites it, "See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score" (Anthropic Economic Index), and the record sets the two side by side, each classifying one provider's own conversations to O*NET work (Labor Vector record). Wikipedia has no article for it ("Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name"); its article on the workplace impact of artificial intelligence says that "A 2025 preprint paper based on users' interactions with the AI chatbot Microsoft Copilot identified forty jobs that the authors claimed had high overlaps with the capabilities of AI", that "Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete", and that critics held it misrepresented typical workplace activities, the historian Chris Campbell arguing that its methods "de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills" (Wikipedia). At the address "Microsoft Working with AI", the study's short title with its operator's name, Google's AI Overview on 29 October 2026 gave the name its other sense, Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, a distinct entity, describing how Microsoft uses AI and what that has meant for its staff (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29), from cards on Microsoft Copilot for work, Microsoft's AI business tools, Copilot plans for individuals, the company's own AI transformation, buyouts offered to 60,000 employees and its MAI models (the cards). The study's card headed the rail with its finding in the snippet and the composition drew nothing from it: at an address shaped like its title the study is outranked by its own operator, Microsoft named with no author of the study and no identifier, the provider's observation not composed at all, and the closing offer on how AI is changing specific job roles the nearest point to its question (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29). The composition's Microsoft Copilot is the product line whose consumer conversations the study observes, given as a product and not as the source of an observation, and the record's negative tag, that the score is not a measure of AI's ability to replace jobs, sits beside an answer whose one labor line is a workforce buyout; the record had landed the same day, no card cites it, and the finding was checked against it and the sources it saved (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).

Δthe delta

T against L_F(B) (AIO's ontology at work on its own cards): At 'Microsoft Working with AI' (T1, seven cards; 189 words) the composition gives the name its other sense. Substituted reading: every claim of T is about Microsoft's own AI products, transformation and workforce (T1-1 'Microsoft integrates artificial intelligence across its core software ecosystem, enterprise infrastructure, and internal operations ...'; T1-2–T1-5 Copilot, Azure AI, Fabric, MAI models; T1-6 workflow redesign; T1-7 workforce buyouts), a homonym of the company-and-phrase kind; the field's entity, Microsoft Research's measurement of AI applicability to occupations (F31, F2, F10), is composed nowhere, and no notice of the substitution is given. T composes nothing of E_F: of the field's 44 claims on the entity (F1–F44), none appears in T, in body or closer. Available, not composed: the entity's own card, card 1 (B1), first on the rail, its snippet the July 2025 headline (F6), with the rest of its page (F1–F5, F7, F8); its own pages, B8 and B9, and Wikipedia's paragraph (B11), are outside T's disclosed field (not surfaced). Limit dropped, by grain: the study's one limit on labor (F19, 'should not be misconstrued or misrepresented as measuring the ability of AI to replace jobs') is not composed, and the answer's one labor line is the homonym's buyout (T1-7, from card 5, F48), so the address's labor content is the company's restructuring, not the study's measure (CAP-1-07). Composed from the homonym's cards, at their grain: T1-2's Microsoft 365 apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams) are card 2's snippet (F45), and its assistant 'to draft content, summarize meetings' is near card 6's (F49); T1-5 the MAI models and OpenAI (card 7, F50); T1-6 workflow redesign (card 4, F47); T1-7 buyouts (card 5's title, F48, whose '60000' T does not carry). Composed without a locus the row can see: T1-3 Azure AI and T1-4 Microsoft Fabric, T1-7's 'exceeding $100 billion' and 'scaled back certain traditional roles', and T1-1's 'massive AI data center investments' are in no card title or snippet (the homonym's pages were not fetched: addendum item 5). Content replaced by use: T1-8, the closing offer (N_ext), whose 'how AI is changing specific job roles?' is the nearest point to the study's question and does not reach it (CAP-1-13). The Capture Registry's findings name the absence, the substitution and the address (CAP-1-01, CAP-1-02, CAP-1-04, CAP-1-05, CAP-1-06, CAP-1-09, CAP-1-11, CAP-1-12, CAP-1-13), carried as the archive's claims.

v0.9 §0.5: the first diff is already ontological. In the field's own ontology the address names one entity, a study by Microsoft Research with its data, score and limits, and the first card is that study's page; T composes another entity at the same words, the company that operates the study, from the company's own product pages, its blog and two posts on its workforce and models, as if it were the one asked for, and none of the field's senses survives into it. The provider is present in T as subject and absent as observer. The row records this as observed and claims nothing about the composer's internals (§0.5).

L_F(B) against L_A(B ∪ A) (the intervention): Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the census's question of who supplies the labor, who directs it and who receives its gains (LV-41, LV-42), answered from the entity's own terms (users bring goals, the AI acts, LV-10; the goal as classified directs, LV-11) and left open where the entity records nothing (the gains 'not recorded', LV-12; 'who receives gains from the assisted work' among what the evidence cannot answer, LV-29); the entity's kind and intersection, labor performed with AI (LV-05, LV-06, LV-07); the record's negative tags, the fourth naming the entity a platform-specific observation of the provider's own product (LV-35–LV-38); what the evidence can and cannot settle, with the worked question that sets estimation from use beside observed employment outcomes (LV-24–LV-28, LV-36, LV-44, LV-45); the class reading by the Directionality of Semantic Labor, labor allocated with a direction relative to the commissioned task, task-origin as provenance, the five layers and span scoring (O771-01–O771-04), with its bounds, a single value only on one-shot commissions, inferred task vectors constrained to the user's input, user labor drag identified only by blind coding (O771-05–O771-07); the archive's reading that the entity's goal/action separation and completion classifier meet DSL, kept apart from the resource's terms (LV-30, LV-43); the gap the record names, that none of the resources records from the commissioning side whether the labor advanced the user's task or who receives the time it saves (LV-48), with the question's frame (LV-47); what the record left unchecked (LV-40); and the reception record at the name (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-13). Restatements of the own pages are one lineage with them (LV-01–LV-04, LV-08, LV-13–LV-23, LV-31–LV-34 with B8/B9; LV-39 with B10). An archive claim stands against a field claim and is composed with both sides (P_coh): LV-11's 'separates' against F35's 'allows us to predict'. Every field claim is composed as received (ontology.translation). The measure: 0 of 12 KO_B sentences survive in the KO (§4.10); no opening run, no block (measure).

alignment: {'T1_cards_claims': ['F1', 'F2', 'F3', 'F4', 'F5', 'F6', 'F7', 'F8', 'F45', 'F46', 'F47', 'F48', 'F49', 'F50'], 'T1_composed': [], 'T1_composed_homonym': ['F45', 'F47', 'F48', 'F49', 'F50'], 'T1_outside_cards': ["T1-3 'Azure AI: Cloud infrastructure providing enterprise-grade machine learning tools ...' (no card title or snippet)", "T1-4 'Microsoft Fabric: A unified data and intelligence platform ...' (no card title or snippet)", "T1-7 'exceeding $100 billion', 'scaled back certain traditional roles' (card 5's title carries buyouts and '60000' only)", "T1-1 'massive AI data center investments and proprietary model development' (card 7's snippet carries the MAI models, no data centres)"], 'rule': "a field claim counts as composed when T states it at its source's grain or coarser; the typology of what is not is in T_vs_LB (§6.2); the homonym's claims are counted apart, as composed of a distinct entity"}

Kthe prospective kernel sealed only at freeze68 entries
K1O771-01 #771missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O771-01
source
#771
M_src
interpretation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K2O771-02 #771missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O771-02
source
#771
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K3O771-03 #771missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O771-03
source
#771
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K4O771-04 #771missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O771-04
source
#771
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K5O771-05 #771missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O771-05
source
#771
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
the identification limit stated in the claim (blind inter-rater coding, ≥3 coders, reported agreement); watch condition at this address
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K6O771-06 #771missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O771-06
source
#771
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
the identification condition is itself a limit: a directionality score reported on a reflexive transcript without RID and the declared frame is 'incomplete and potentially misleading' (#771 §9); watch condition at this address
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K7O771-07 #771missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O771-07
source
#771
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K8CAP-1-01 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-01
source
Capture Registry
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K9CAP-1-02 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-02
source
Capture Registry
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K10CAP-1-03 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-03
source
Capture Registry
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K11CAP-1-04 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-04
source
Capture Registry
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K12CAP-1-05 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-05
source
Capture Registry
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K13CAP-1-06 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-06
source
Capture Registry
M_src
interpretation
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K14CAP-1-07 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-07
source
Capture Registry
M_src
interpretation
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K15CAP-1-08 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-08
source
Capture Registry
M_src
interpretation
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K16CAP-1-09 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-09
source
Capture Registry
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K17CAP-1-10 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-10
source
Capture Registry
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K18CAP-1-11 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-11
source
Capture Registry
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K19CAP-1-12 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-12
source
Capture Registry
M_src
interpretation
sense
a provider's observation of its own product
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K20CAP-1-13 Capture Registrymissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
CAP-1-13
source
Capture Registry
M_src
interpretation
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K21LV-01 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F2, F9, F10, F21… (the field's own claims in the lineage 'what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use')
claim
LV-01
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F2, F9, F10, F21… (the field's own claims in the lineage 'what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K22LV-02 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F2, F9, F10, F21… (the field's own claims in the lineage 'what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use')
claim
LV-02
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F2, F9, F10, F21… (the field's own claims in the lineage 'what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K23LV-03 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F2, F9, F10, F21… (the field's own claims in the lineage 'what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use')
claim
LV-03
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F2, F9, F10, F21… (the field's own claims in the lineage 'what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K24LV-04 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F27, F28 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'operator, authors and ethics')
claim
LV-04
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
operator, authors and ethics
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F27, F28 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'operator, authors and ethics')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K25LV-05 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-05
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K26LV-06 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-06
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K27LV-07 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F2, F9, F10, F21… (the field's own claims in the lineage 'what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use')
claim
LV-07
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F2, F9, F10, F21… (the field's own claims in the lineage 'what it is: measuring AI's applicability to occupations from real use')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K28LV-08 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F11, F12 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations')
claim
LV-08
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F11, F12 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K29LV-09 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F11, F12 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations')
claim
LV-09
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F11, F12 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K30LV-10 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-10
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
who supplies, who directs, who gains
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K31LV-11 Labor Vector recordrival claim: F35 ('allows us to predict' against 'separates')
claim
LV-11
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
who supplies, who directs, who gains
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
rival claim: F35 ('allows us to predict' against 'separates')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K32LV-12 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-12
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
who supplies, who directs, who gains
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K33LV-13 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F23, F24, F32 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the pipeline: an LLM classifier and its limit')
claim
LV-13
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the pipeline: an LLM classifier and its limit
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F23, F24, F32 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the pipeline: an LLM classifier and its limit')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K34LV-14 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F17, F18, F26 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'coverage: the United States, January–September 2024')
claim
LV-14
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
coverage: the United States, January–September 2024
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F17, F18, F26 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'coverage: the United States, January–September 2024')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K35LV-15 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F17, F18, F26 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'coverage: the United States, January–September 2024')
claim
LV-15
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
coverage: the United States, January–September 2024
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F17, F18, F26 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'coverage: the United States, January–September 2024')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K36LV-16 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F4, F6, F33, F34 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'findings: information work')
claim
LV-16
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
attributed
sense
findings: information work
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F4, F6, F33, F34 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'findings: information work')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K37LV-17 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F4, F6, F33, F34 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'findings: information work')
claim
LV-17
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
attributed
sense
findings: information work
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F4, F6, F33, F34 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'findings: information work')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K38LV-18 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F36 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'findings: the nine-month trend')
claim
LV-18
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
attributed
sense
findings: the nine-month trend
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F36 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'findings: the nine-month trend')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K39LV-19 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F8, F19 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the limit: applicability is not replacement')
claim
LV-19
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
attributed
sense
the limit: applicability is not replacement
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F8, F19 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the limit: applicability is not replacement')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K40LV-20 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F20 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'success measures are proxies')
claim
LV-20
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
attributed
sense
success measures are proxies
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F20 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'success measures are proxies')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K41LV-21 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F25 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'consumer use, not the workplace')
claim
LV-21
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
attributed
sense
consumer use, not the workplace
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F25 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'consumer use, not the workplace')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K42LV-22 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F23, F24, F32 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the pipeline: an LLM classifier and its limit')
claim
LV-22
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
attributed
sense
the pipeline: an LLM classifier and its limit
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F23, F24, F32 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the pipeline: an LLM classifier and its limit')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K43LV-23 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F17, F18, F26 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'coverage: the United States, January–September 2024')
claim
LV-23
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
attributed
sense
coverage: the United States, January–September 2024
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F17, F18, F26 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'coverage: the United States, January–September 2024')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K44LV-24 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-24
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
what the evidence can and cannot settle
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K45LV-25 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F8, F19 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the limit: applicability is not replacement')
claim
LV-25
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
the limit: applicability is not replacement
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F8, F19 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the limit: applicability is not replacement')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K46LV-26 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-26
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
what the evidence can and cannot settle
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K47LV-27 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F25 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'consumer use, not the workplace')
claim
LV-27
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
consumer use, not the workplace
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F25 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'consumer use, not the workplace')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K48LV-28 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F17, F18, F26 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'coverage: the United States, January–September 2024')
claim
LV-28
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
coverage: the United States, January–September 2024
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F17, F18, F26 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'coverage: the United States, January–September 2024')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K49LV-29 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-29
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
who supplies, who directs, who gains
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K50LV-30 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-30
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K51LV-31 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F16, F29, F37, F38 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'versions, data access and licence')
claim
LV-31
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
versions, data access and licence
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F16, F29, F37, F38 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'versions, data access and licence')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K52LV-32 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F16, F29, F37, F38 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'versions, data access and licence')
claim
LV-32
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
versions, data access and licence
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F16, F29, F37, F38 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'versions, data access and licence')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K53LV-33 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F16, F29, F37, F38 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'versions, data access and licence')
claim
LV-33
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
versions, data access and licence
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F16, F29, F37, F38 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'versions, data access and licence')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K54LV-34 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F16, F29, F37, F38 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'versions, data access and licence')
claim
LV-34
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
versions, data access and licence
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F16, F29, F37, F38 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'versions, data access and licence')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K55LV-35 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F8, F19 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the limit: applicability is not replacement')
claim
LV-35
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the limit: applicability is not replacement
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F8, F19 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the limit: applicability is not replacement')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K56LV-36 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-36
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
what the evidence can and cannot settle
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K57LV-37 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F25 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'consumer use, not the workplace')
claim
LV-37
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
consumer use, not the workplace
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F25 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'consumer use, not the workplace')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K58LV-38 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-38
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
a provider's observation of its own product
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K59LV-39 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F39 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'neighbours: the Anthropic Economic Index')
claim
LV-39
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
neighbours: the Anthropic Economic Index
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F39 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'neighbours: the Anthropic Economic Index')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K60LV-40 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-40
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
documented
sense
what the record leaves unchecked
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K61LV-41 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-41
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
who supplies, who directs, who gains
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K62LV-42 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-42
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
who supplies, who directs, who gains
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K63LV-43 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-43
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K64LV-44 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-44
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
what the evidence can and cannot settle
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K65LV-45 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-45
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
what the evidence can and cannot settle
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K66LV-46 Labor Vector recordqualified claim: F11, F12 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations')
claim
LV-46
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim: F11, F12 (the field's own claims in the lineage 'the unit: user goals and AI actions mapped to O*NET work activities and occupations')
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K67LV-47 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-47
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
a provider's observation of its own product
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K68LV-48 Labor Vector recordmissing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
LV-48
source
Labor Vector record
M_src
interpretation
sense
the class: labor direction relative to the commissioned task
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Microsoft Working with AI' (ADDR-fbfc6406f398) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
Archive bearing — D/R/O traversalread

Candidates are found by string; admission is by reading.

traversalfirst reading, 2026-10-29; second pass with one citation hop
D 3 deposits · 7 sentencesR 0 · 0O 10 · 0 direct, 14 classhop 18read: 2 admitted, 14 not

Lee Sharks · Crimson Hexagonal Archive · register v1.36, 2026-10-27. Built by scripts/build_non.py from the files linked above; it writes nothing back. Working, not frozen.