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   "title": "Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations",
   "lede": "is Microsoft Research's paper and results files (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts, Suri; arXiv 2025, v7 2026) measuring AI's applicability to occupations from 200,000 conversations on Microsoft's own Bing Copilot (paper; README; record); its authors state it does not measure AI's ability to replace jobs (README)."
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    "text": "Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI to Occupations is a paper with results files by Microsoft Research (Kiran Tomlinson, Sonia Jaffe, Will Wang, Scott Counts and Siddharth Suri), known also as Working with AI, by its AI applicability score and by its repository microsoft/working-with-ai (Labor Vector record), and the goal of its metrics is \"to measure how AI may be useful in different occupations\" (its README).",
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    "text": "Its authors set it against earlier work on AI impact, which \"largely relied on predictions of AI capabilities or focused narrowly on individual firms\": it draws instead on real-world use, 200,000 anonymized conversations with Microsoft Bing Copilot, to measure AI applicability to occupations (arXiv:2507.07935), analysing the work activities people do with AI, how successfully and how broadly, against data on which occupations do those activities (the Microsoft Research page).",
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    "text": "The conversations are Microsoft's own: the results \"were computed from Bing Copilot conversation data, which was originally collected by Microsoft\" (README), and the record, which gives interaction data as one of its kinds of evidence, tags it \"NOT independent of the provider: a platform-specific observation of Microsoft's own product, published by Microsoft Research\" (Labor Vector record).",
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    "text": "They come from Bing Copilot in the United States between 1 January and 30 September 2024, mostly in English and not filtered by language, and \"may not represent AI usage in other countries\" (README); the occupations covered are 785 SOC codes, 149.8 million of 151.9 million workers in the 2023 OEWS data (README), the window and counts the record carries, with use outside the United States or after September 2024 among what the evidence cannot answer (Labor Vector record).",
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    "text": "The unit is a conversation classified to the O*NET intermediate work activities it serves, as a user goal and as an AI action, reported separately and aggregated to work activities and to detailed 2018 SOC occupations (README; Labor Vector record), so that the labor it records is the work activities users seek help with and those the AI performs, mapped to the occupations whose tasks contain them (Labor Vector record, with its worked questions).",
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    "text": "An LLM-based pipeline, designed by Tomlinson, Suri and Counts, classifies \"the O*NET work activities assisted or performed by AI in each conversation\" (arXiv; README), and the authors state that \"LLM-based classifiers are imperfect, so all metrics should be interpreted with caution\", referring to the paper for the prompts and the interrater reliability (README), which the record lists among what it left unchecked, with the results files and the Copilot-Thumbs data (Labor Vector record).",
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    "text": "Success is measured three ways, by completion (where the completion classifier, \"classfiier\" as the README writes it, indicates \"that the LLM completed the user’s goal\"), by impact scope classified moderate or higher, and by the thumbs-up fraction in Copilot-Thumbs (README), and the activity classifications combined with task success and scope of impact give an AI applicability score for each occupation, the user-goal and AI-action sides averaged (the Microsoft Research page; README).",
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    "text": "The paper was submitted on 10 July 2025 and revised to v7 on 23 October 2026 for NeurIPS 2026, 50 pages (arXiv), its results files at v1.1, which add a physical-task classification and nonphysical weights and score (README); the scores and component metrics are published (arXiv) on GitHub under CC BY 4.0, the lifecycle active over a fixed 2024 data window (README; Labor Vector record), and the analysis was approved by the Microsoft Institutional Review Board (README).",
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    "n": 25,
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    "text": "The Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report cites it, \"See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score\" (Anthropic Economic Index), and the record sets the two side by side, each classifying one provider's own conversations to O*NET work (Labor Vector record).",
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    "text": "At the address \"Microsoft Working with AI\", the study's short title with its operator's name, Google's AI Overview on 29 October 2026 gave the name its other sense, Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, a distinct entity, describing how Microsoft uses AI and what that has meant for its staff (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29), from cards on Microsoft Copilot for work, Microsoft's AI business tools, Copilot plans for individuals, the company's own AI transformation, buyouts offered to 60,000 employees and its MAI models (the cards).",
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   "LV-35": {
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    "quote": "NOT a measure of the ability of AI to replace jobs",
    "deposit": null,
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    "source_label": "Microsoft — Working with AI: Measuring the Applicability of Generative AI ... - Microsoft",
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   "F20": {
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    "quote": "There is more to an occupation than the sum of its O*NET tasks, and our measures of success (completion, scope, and thumbs feedback) are proxies that do not capture full workplace capabilities.",
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    "source_label": "own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)",
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    "quote": "success measures are proxies",
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    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Rather, our metrics indicate (1) what a consumer LLM is used for, (2) in a relative sense, which of these uses are more or less successful, and (3) which occupations may find AI more useful or applicable as a result.",
    "source": "B8",
    "source_label": "own page — the results repository's README (github.com/microsoft/working-with-ai)",
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    "quote": "[\"which work activities a consumer LLM (Bing Copilot) is used for, as user goal and as AI action\", \"which of those uses are relatively more or less successful, by its proxies\", \"which occupations may find AI more applicable, by an applicability score\"]",
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    "source": "B8",
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    "quote": "NOT a measure of all workplace AI use: one consumer product, Bing Copilot, in the United States",
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    "quote": "No record establishes that exposure causes the employment change",
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    "quote": "Data analysis was conducted with approval from the Microsoft Institutional Review Board.",
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   "F39": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "See also Tomlinson et al (2025) for a related AI applicability score.",
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    "source_label": "census third party — Anthropic Economic Index report, January 2026 (footnote 3)",
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    "quote": "{\"rel\": \"neighbour\", \"target\": \"anthropic-economic-index\", \"note\": \"the Anthropic Economic Index's January 2026 report cites this paper's AI applicability score as related; both classify one provider's own conversations to O*NET work\"}",
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    "quote": "Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.",
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    "source_label": "Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence'",
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    "source": "B11",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence'",
    "locus": "'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence' § Hazards › Psychosocial › Changes in work practices, s1",
    "modality": "attributed"
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   "F42": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Some media outlets used this paper to report on jobs becoming obsolete.",
    "source": "B11",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence'",
    "locus": "same paragraph, s2",
    "modality": "documented"
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   "F43": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Criticism of the paper suggesting that it had misrepresented typical workplace activities to augment AI's current performance.",
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    "source_label": "Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence'",
    "locus": "same paragraph, s3",
    "modality": "attributed"
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   "F44": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The historian Chris Campbell argued that the \"report's methods, deliberately or otherwise, de-skill historians away from a job that requires high-level and deeply human analytical skills to one that is tasked solely with the retention and provision of knowledge. Under that flawed rubric, it is little wonder that historians have a high AI applicability score.\"",
    "source": "B11",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — no article; cited in 'Workplace impact of artificial intelligence'",
    "locus": "same paragraph, s4 (Campbell, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 10 December 2025)",
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    "quote": "THE ADDRESS. The query is the study's short title with its operator's name; the name the record carries is the full title, and the repository is microsoft/working-with-ai.",
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    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AXN:0AF1.CAPTURE.💚▽♃📚▶️🌀)",
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   },
   "CAP-1-09": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The name is also Microsoft's own AI products and workforce, and the composition gives that sense.",
    "deposit": null,
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    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, q_kind s2",
    "modality": "documented",
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   },
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    "kind": "archive",
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    "deposit": null,
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   },
   "CAP-1-04": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "THE COMPANY IN ITS PLACE. The answer composes the operator's products and its restructuring, from Microsoft's product pages (cards 2, 3, 6), its blog (card 4) and the press (cards 5, 7).",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AXN:0AF1.CAPTURE.💚▽♃📚▶️🌀)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029/",
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    "modality": "documented",
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    "locus": "card title and snippet",
    "modality": "documented"
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   "F46": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Microsoft AI - Business Solutions and Tools … Products & Tools: Microsoft IQ (shared business understanding), Microsoft 365 Copilot (embedded app intelligence), Copilot Studio (agent building/extension), Mi...",
    "source": "B3",
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    "modality": "documented"
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    "source": "B6",
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    "modality": "documented"
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   "F47": {
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    "quote": "What we’ve learned from Microsoft's own AI transformation - The Official Microsoft Blog … Lessons: Start with business outcomes, not technology (tool access doesn't equal transformation; focus on goals and moments that matter); Redesign entire workfl...",
    "source": "B4",
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    "modality": "documented"
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    "source": "B5",
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    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI … Feb 12, 2026 — Microsoft just weaponized Copilot with their own independent voice AI. They dropped MAI models and broke free from their OpenAI reliance completely. This isn't ...",
    "source": "B7",
    "source_label": "Facebook — Microsoft is building its own AI model as it loosens ties to OpenAI",
    "locus": "card title and snippet",
    "modality": "interpretation"
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    "quote": "THE STUDY ABSENT FROM THE ANSWER. The record's entity is Microsoft Research's paper (Tomlinson, Jaffe, Wang, Counts and Suri): 200,000 Bing Copilot conversations classified into user goals and AI actions, an AI applicability score by occupation.",
    "deposit": null,
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    "locus": "microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, findings[0] s1–2",
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    "deposit": null,
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    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, analysis s1",
    "modality": "interpretation",
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   "CAP-1-11": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Microsoft named; no author of the study; no identifier; the study's own page cited (card 1) and unused.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AXN:0AF1.CAPTURE.💚▽♃📚▶️🌀)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029, per_note",
    "modality": "documented",
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   "CAP-1-13": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Platform-specific record (item 5): the provider's observation is not composed at all, so neither generalised nor inverted. The follow-up offer 'how AI is changing specific job roles?' is the nearest point to the target's question and does not reach it.",
    "deposit": null,
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    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029/",
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    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-12": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The composition's 'Microsoft Copilot' is the product line whose consumer conversations (as Bing Copilot) the target observes, here composed as a product, not as the source of an observation.",
    "deposit": null,
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    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029/",
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    "modality": "interpretation",
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   "CAP-1-07": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The record's negative tag, that the applicability score is not a measure of AI's ability to replace jobs, sits beside an answer whose one labor line is a workforce buyout.",
    "deposit": null,
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    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029/",
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    "kind": "archive",
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    "deposit": null,
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    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029/",
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    "kind": "archive",
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01, version 12.396), entry microsoft-working-with-ai-aio-20261029 (OBS-25ca6976c874, AXN:0AF1.CAPTURE.💚▽♃📚▶️🌀)",
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  "note": "The knowledge object (KO): the entry as public knowledge, each sentence sourced by the claims it lists. The compression, the field-only arm, the transcript, the delta and the kernel are in the row (links.row), which is the authority."
 },
 "source": "operator, 2026-10-29: 'lets expand the research, implement the same meta aggregator function with pages... then /non entries after i get the captures'; the Labor Vector meta-aggregator entity (laborvector.org/aggregators/microsoft-working-with-ai/)",
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  "breaches": []
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   "address": "Microsoft Working with AI",
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}
