NonWiki › entity hathitrust

One entity of NonWiki, the Negative of the Negative (EA-NEGONT-02, #1726), cited at https://www.alexanarch.org/non/hathitrust/. the table of contents · this entity as data · contents as data · the dataset on the Hub · row json · field ledger · archive ledger · D/R/O traversal · the address page.

A reader that fetches this page may stop short of its end; the entry's text, every sentence of its knowledge object with the claims it cites and each claim's quote, source and locus, is in entity.json beside it.

HathiTrust Digital Library

SPXI instrument · method 0.16 of 87, level 0 (Measurement): The Negative of the Negative (/non). An instrument of SPXI, the Semantic Packet for eXchange & Indexing; the whole practice is itemized at spxi.dev/methods.

equal terms, ontology included (v0.9) · ρ = extends · the field's type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a collaborative digital library of digitized research-library volumes with full-text search; an entity of the traininglayerliterature.org layer census, host_relation 'infrastructure', area 'corpora') · sought at HathiTrust Digital Library

composed 2026-11-01 under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10, #1726, from the traininglayerliterature.org layer census (CENSUS hathitrust; anchors #186, #1543); equal case, ρ = extends. Draft, not frozen; ledgers unaudited, one extractor; checked by the session.

AXN AXN:0BC3.NON.🔆📖🎺✊📜⛩️ · root AXN:0BC3.NON

composed in session · Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-01

This row was composed in session. SPXI-gnΩsis (gnosis.spxi.dev) opens a Wikipedia revision sentence by sentence against the sources it cites; a commission consults the archive by its own procedure and composes the entity's row here; a quote to recompose this entity is free.

Google AI Modeepoch 2026-11-01
not frozentype C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a collaborative digital library of digitized research-library volumes with full-text search; an entity of the traininglayerliterature.org layer census, host_relation 'infrastructure', area 'corpora')signed out, incognitoknowledge object · 34 sentences

EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726): equal case, ρ = extends, read from the traininglayerliterature.org layer census record, the capture record and the deposits that bear on the entity and its classes (#1720, #1710, #1682, #416, #301, #1678; the anchors #186 and #1543 read, unadmitted); archive selected by D/R/O (15 D, 7 R, 88 O and 28 hop candidates read; 6 deposits admitted with 4 instances kept), with the census record (47 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings, reading, analysis, title, PER note, query note, description and surface basis (13 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field in two pools (B_D: 7 chips, 3 read, 4 title only; B_R: the own about page, refused, and the Research Center's page); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta. Ledger: unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 47/47 verified by script against the saved texts; archive quotes 69/69 verified against the registry, census.json and the deposit texts.

WORKING KNOWLEDGE OBJECT · NOT FROZEN · LEDGER UNAUDITED

Expansion · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)34 sentences · every one sourced below

HathiTrust Digital Library

The HathiTrust Digital Library, or HathiTrust, is a digital library: a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan, and catalogued among American digital libraries, full-text scholarly online databases and mass digitization. Its collection is of books, journals and government documents digitized from libraries around the world and dated from 1500 to the present: content digitized through Google Books and the Internet Archive, beside collections that member libraries digitized themselves, aggregated in one shared repository; the census keeps it apart from Google Books on that ground and records the Internet Archive as a source it uses. In September 2024 it comprised more than 18 million volumes, 6.7 million of them in the public domain in the United States; the University of Michigan Library gives the public domain as more than a third of the collection and the items preserved as more than 17 million, and the library's research guide quotes HathiTrust's own figure of 18+ million digitized items. Its name is the Hindi word for elephant, from the Sanskrit hastin, an animal famed for its long-term memory, and it is a distinct entity from HATII.

HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California, its infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan, which has scanned and deposited more than 4.8 million items. It is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries, owned as a university consortium with the University of Michigan as its parent: as of 2024 more than 219 research libraries across the United States, Canada and Europe, under a shared governance structure, with costs shared by the participating libraries and library consortia. Its executive director is Mike Furlough, who succeeded the founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013. Its Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, three-quarters of its digital book holdings.

What a reader may see follows copyright: items in the public domain, more than a third of the collection, are fully available for everyone, while many items are protected by copyright and cannot be viewed in full without the express permission of the copyright holder. Its copyright policy, as Wikipedia quotes it for 2021, says that protected works cannot ordinarily be displayed in large portions without permission and that access to a work is restricted until its copyright or permission status can be established; the census knows the policy only through that quotation and, on that restriction, counts the library outside the open full-text libraries for works in copyright. Access also turns on where the reader is, and the sources date the line differently: Wikipedia quotes the policy as restricting users outside the United States from works published outside the United States after and including 1896, and the University of Michigan's guide quotes HathiTrust's web site as estimating 1898 the earliest date at which foreign works may still be in copyright, so that works published abroad from 1898 through 1928 are open to United States IP addresses and closed to others.

Access turns as well on affiliation: a member's community gains additional access by logging in, and at the University of Michigan logged-in users can download complete public-domain books, where guests download one page at a time. A volume, a digitized book or other publication, is viewed in PageTurner, the site's web application, in which a reader can navigate a publication, download a PDF of it and view its pages one at a time, scrolling, flipping or as thumbnails. Through the Emergency Temporary Access Service, users of member libraries can in special situations, such as a library's closure for a public health emergency, obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the physical books their library holds. Patrons with print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the collection through its Accessible Text Request Service.

Its discovery services include full-text search across the entire repository: researchers search the catalogue's descriptive data, the contents of digitized items, or both, and works still under copyright carry a "Limited (search-only)" status within which a reader can still search for key terms. The census reads the record as answering whether a volume is held, by full-text search, whether its pages may be shown or only searched, and the scale of the holdings, and it ran no search of its own.

In September 2011 the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust, alleging massive copyright violation, and in October 2012 a federal court found HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google to be fair use under US law, its opinion resting on the transformativeness doctrine. The Second Circuit largely affirmed the decision on 10 June 2014, finding that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court whether the plaintiffs had standing over HathiTrust's library preservation copies. The census reads Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, as Wikipedia reports it, as the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding, search, while the pages stay closed; in its record, what an apparatus makes from a work there is a full-text search index the courts held transformative and fair use.

Computational analysis of the volumes was the separate service of the HathiTrust Research Center, established in 2011 as a partnership of Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and HathiTrust to enable computational analysis of the library, which supported scholars using text and data mining methods in educational and non-profit research; the census holds the Center as a part of the library and as a distinct entity. In October 2024 HathiTrust's executive director announced that funding for the Center would cease at the end of 2026, when it will be formally closed; its services were discontinued on 30 September 2026, its accounts, algorithms and data capsules with them, some of its resources remain usable without an account, and access to the Digital Library remains open.

The census of the training layer asks how literature is addressed to a receiving apparatus, what that apparatus makes from it, and how transmission, transformation and provenance can be inspected across later reception; it admits a resource that gathers and holds many other works or records and says what it holds, and its anchors are #186 and #1543. It enters HathiTrust in its corpora area, the collections, crawls and datasets whose texts enter machine training, as infrastructure and as a record of type library, its question holding and access. Its saved sources say nothing of training use and tie none of the library's volumes to model training, whether a work keeps its author's name there is not recorded, and the census does not record the library as a training corpus. The census reads HathiTrust in three layers kept apart: holdings, access restricted where copyright status cannot be established, and computational availability, the Research Center's, now ended.

The archive's Originals Library has met HathiTrust as a holder of open witnesses its sessions could not reach: on 15 October 2026 a seating found HathiTrust not reachable from its workspace for Pound's public-domain first printings of the Cantos, a seating of 27 October 2026 queued Langston Hughes's Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), whose one open scan is at HathiTrust, as unreachable, and on 30 October 2026 HathiTrust, holding Cornell's volumes 36–37 of the Monatshefte in full view, refused the seating's requests with a Cloudflare challenge and a block page. Other witnesses the archive seated came by way of HathiTrust: its first edition of The Souls of Black Folk is the Northwestern University copy (HathiTrust ien.35556032538837) uploaded to the Internet Archive, and its Tribüne volume is the University of Michigan copy digitized by Google, held by reference via HathiTrust and the Internet Archive, which HathiTrust records as pdus, public domain in the United States, full view. The archive's bibliography places its author's doctoral dissertation, Strange New Canons (University of Michigan, 2013), at a HathiTrust catalogue record. An earlier archive paper classes large text archives such as HathiTrust as having scale and no internal architecture, "collections, not systems", which a summarizer describes by what is in them without traversing how they work; the archive gives the native frame of digital libraries as collections, discovery, preservation and services evaluated as connected functions.

HathiTrust's own about page at hathitrust.org refused the census's fetch with HTTP 403 and a challenge page, so the census quotes nothing in the resource's own words and cites Wikipedia, whose article was last edited on 19 October 2026, and the Research Center's page for its fields; the University of Michigan's guide, last updated on 24 August 2026, quotes HathiTrust's site. Wikipedia's infobox gives the library as launched in October 2008 and active, partially commercial, written in Perl and Java, with revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and a content licence of "Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various". Asked for "HathiTrust Digital Library" in Google AI Mode on 1 November 2026, at a new address, the composer said what the library is, who founded and runs it, how large it is, where its scans come from and what each kind of user may do with them, through seven inline source chips and no cards; the Capture Registry found the repository composed at its grain, with its access tiers, its founding and administration in agreement with Wikipedia. The registry also found that the composition made the public domain fully available to anyone worldwide, dropping the United States condition; added Microsoft to the sources of the scans, on no saved HathiTrust source; offered the Research Center as a working service a month after its services ended; gave search and the accessibility service as features without the ruling that holds them; and named the University of Michigan and partner libraries, no person and no founders.

Provenance — every sentence sourced34 sentences

34 sentences; 47 field claims, 69 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.The HathiTrust Digital Library, or HathiTrust, is a digital library: a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan, and catalogued among American digital libraries, full-text scholarly online databases and mass digitization.7
  • F1 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, lead documented · field
    HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries , administered by the University of Michigan .
  • F3 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (website type) and short description documented · field
    Website type Digital library
  • F27 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, categories documented · field
    Categories : University of Michigan American digital libraries Full-text scholarly online databases Mass digitization
  • TLL-01 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].name stipulation
    HathiTrust Digital Library
  • TLL-02 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].aka stipulation
    HathiTrust
  • TLL-05 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].kind attributed
    large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries (Wikipedia's description)
  • TLL-07 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].evidence_kind stipulation
    digital library
2.Its collection is of books, journals and government documents digitized from libraries around the world and dated from 1500 to the present: content digitized through Google Books and the Internet Archive, beside collections that member libraries digitized themselves, aggregated in one shared repository; the census keeps it apart from Google Books on that ground and records the Internet Archive as a source it uses.8
  • F28 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Digital Library provides access to a collection of millions of books and journals digitized from libraries around the world. Materials are dated from 1500 to the present, and cover subjects typical of any large North American research library.
  • F34 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    HathiTrust (pronounced hah-tee) is a "collaborative of academic and research libraries preserving 18+ million digitized items." This organization provides reading access to a digital archive of books, journals and government documents -- called HathiTrust Digital Library -- many of which are in the public domain (available for full view).
  • F2 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, lead documented · field
    Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
  • F31 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶4 documented · field
    Content includes materials from the Google Books Project , the Internet Archive , and digitized collections from member libraries.
  • TLL-12 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record_object attributed
    per Wikipedia, content from research libraries digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives and digitized locally by libraries: more than 18 million volumes, 6.7 million of them public domain in the United States (September 2024)
  • TLL-17 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].method attributed
    per Wikipedia, aggregation of library digitization (Google Books, Internet Archive, local digitization) in a shared repository; a Shared Print Program retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years
  • TLL-35 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[1] stipulation
    NOT Google Books: per Wikipedia, its holdings include Google-digitized content alongside Internet Archive and locally digitized content
  • TLL-40 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].relations[1] attributed
    Wikipedia: holdings include content digitized via the Internet Archive digitization initiatives
3.In September 2024 it comprised more than 18 million volumes, 6.7 million of them in the public domain in the United States; the University of Michigan Library gives the public domain as more than a third of the collection and the items preserved as more than 17 million, and the library's research guide quotes HathiTrust's own figure of 18+ million digitized items.7
  • F15 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶3 documented · field
    In September 2024, HathiTrust comprised more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States.
  • F29 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶2 documented · field
    Items in the public domain — more than a third of the collection — are fully available for everyone, and items held in copyright are full-text searchable.
  • F32 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries. It has preserved more than 17 million digitized items thus far, securing them for easy access and preserving them for future use.
  • F34 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    HathiTrust (pronounced hah-tee) is a "collaborative of academic and research libraries preserving 18+ million digitized items." This organization provides reading access to a digital archive of books, journals and government documents -- called HathiTrust Digital Library -- many of which are in the public domain (available for full view).
  • TLL-20 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].count attributed
    more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States
  • TLL-21 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].holdings attributed
    more than 18 million volumes (September 2024, Wikipedia) … 6.7 million volumes in the public domain in the United States (Wikipedia) … full-text search across the repository (Wikipedia)
  • TLL-33 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].version_and_time documented
    September 2024 (Wikipedia) … 2026-11-01
4.Its name is the Hindi word for elephant, from the Sanskrit hastin, an animal famed for its long-term memory, and it is a distinct entity from HATII.3
  • F5 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, Etymology documented · field
    Hathi ( / ˈ h ɑː t i / ), derived from the Sanskrit hastin , is the Hindi word for ' elephant ', an animal famed for its long-term memory .
  • F4 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, hatnote documented · field
    Not to be confused with HATII .
  • TLL-34 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[0] stipulation
    NOT HATII (Wikipedia's disambiguation)
5.HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California, its infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan, which has scanned and deposited more than 4.8 million items.4
  • F6 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California .
  • F33 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶2 documented · field
    The project began in 2008 with infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan. U-M has been a significant contributor, with more than 4.8 million items scanned and deposited.
  • TLL-19 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].coverage.period attributed
    since October 2008 (Wikipedia)
  • TLL-32 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].founded attributed
    October 2008 (Wikipedia)
6.It is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries, owned as a university consortium with the University of Michigan as its parent: as of 2024 more than 219 research libraries across the United States, Canada and Europe, under a shared governance structure, with costs shared by the participating libraries and library consortia.6
  • F32 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries. It has preserved more than 17 million digitized items thus far, securing them for easy access and preserving them for future use.
  • F21 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (owner, parent) documented · field
    Owner University consortium … Parent University of Michigan
  • F7 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    As of 2024, members include more than 219 research libraries … across the United States, Canada, and Europe, and is based on a shared governance structure.
  • F8 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    Costs are shared by the participating libraries and library consortia.
  • TLL-04 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].operator attributed
    HathiTrust, a university consortium of more than 219 research libraries (2024) under shared governance, administered by the University of Michigan; executive director Mike Furlough (per Wikipedia; the own about page was refused)
  • TLL-18 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].coverage.geography attributed
    member libraries across the United States, Canada and Europe (Wikipedia)
7.Its executive director is Mike Furlough, who succeeded the founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013.2
  • F9 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    The executive director of HathiTrust is Mike Furlough, … who succeeded founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013.
  • TLL-04 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].operator attributed
    HathiTrust, a university consortium of more than 219 research libraries (2024) under shared governance, administered by the University of Michigan; executive director Mike Furlough (per Wikipedia; the own about page was refused)
8.Its Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, three-quarters of its digital book holdings.2
  • F10 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, representing three-quarters of HathiTrust digital book holdings.
  • TLL-17 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].method attributed
    per Wikipedia, aggregation of library digitization (Google Books, Internet Archive, local digitization) in a shared repository; a Shared Print Program retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years
9.What a reader may see follows copyright: items in the public domain, more than a third of the collection, are fully available for everyone, while many items are protected by copyright and cannot be viewed in full without the express permission of the copyright holder.3
  • F29 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶2 documented · field
    Items in the public domain — more than a third of the collection — are fully available for everyone, and items held in copyright are full-text searchable.
  • F37 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library documented · field
    Many of the items in HathiTrust Digital Library are protected under copyright law, meaning that full-text viewing is not possible without the express permission of the copyright holder.
  • F34 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    HathiTrust (pronounced hah-tee) is a "collaborative of academic and research libraries preserving 18+ million digitized items." This organization provides reading access to a digital archive of books, journals and government documents -- called HathiTrust Digital Library -- many of which are in the public domain (available for full view).
10.Its copyright policy, as Wikipedia quotes it for 2021, says that protected works cannot ordinarily be displayed in large portions without permission and that access to a work is restricted until its copyright or permission status can be established; the census knows the policy only through that quotation and, on that restriction, counts the library outside the open full-text libraries for works in copyright.4
  • F17 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021) documented · field
    "many works in our collection are protected by copyright law, so we cannot ordinarily publicly display large portions of those protected works unless we have permission from the copyright holder", and thus "if we cannot determine the copyright or permission status of a work, we restrict access to that work until we can establish its status.
  • TLL-23 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].stated_limits[1] attributed
    Wikipedia quotes its copyright policy: 'if we cannot determine the copyright or permission status of a work, we restrict access to that work until we can establish its status'
  • TLL-36 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[2] stipulation
    NOT an open full-text library for in-copyright works: access is restricted where status cannot be established
  • TLL-42 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].unchecked[1] documented
    HathiTrust's Access and Use Policies and copyright policy (known here from Wikipedia's quotation)
11.Access also turns on where the reader is, and the sources date the line differently: Wikipedia quotes the policy as restricting users outside the United States from works published outside the United States after and including 1896, and the University of Michigan's guide quotes HathiTrust's web site as estimating 1898 the earliest date at which foreign works may still be in copyright, so that works published abroad from 1898 through 1928 are open to United States IP addresses and closed to others.3
  • F18 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021) documented · field
    Because of differences in international copyright laws, access is also restricted for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States after and including 1896.
  • F38 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library (quoting the HathiTrust web site) documented · field
    it is estimated that 1898 is the earliest date foreign works may still be under copyright. Therefore, users accessing the volume from U.S. IP addresses will have access to the works published outside the U.S. from 1898 through 1928; however, users with non-U.S. IP addresses will not.
  • TLL-15 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.readback attributed
    per Wikipedia, full-text search across the entire repository; volumes viewed and downloaded as PDF in PageTurner where access allows; access restricted where copyright or permission status cannot be determined, and for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States from 1896
12.Access turns as well on affiliation: a member's community gains additional access by logging in, and at the University of Michigan logged-in users can download complete public-domain books, where guests download one page at a time.2
  • F36 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, Access to HathiTrust Materials documented · field
    The U-M Library is a HathiTrust member, which means that the U-M community has additional access benefits, with a valid login (U-M uniqname and password).
  • F40 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Downloading documented · field
    U-M users of HathiTrust Digital Library can download complete books in the public domain (or works available under a Creative Commons license). Guests can download one page at a time.
13.A volume, a digitized book or other publication, is viewed in PageTurner, the site's web application, in which a reader can navigate a publication, download a PDF of it and view its pages one at a time, scrolling, flipping or as thumbnails.3
  • F19 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, PageTurner documented · field
    PageTurner is the web application on the HathiTrust website for viewing publications. … From PageTurner readers can navigate through a publication, download a PDF version of it, and view pages in different ways, such as one page at a time, scrolling , flipping , or thumbnail views.
  • TLL-11 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].unit attributed
    a volume: a digitized book or other publication, viewed in the PageTurner application
  • TLL-29 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].data_access attributed
    per Wikipedia, full-text search; PageTurner viewing and PDF download where access allows; the Emergency Temporary Access Service for users of member libraries in special situations
14.Through the Emergency Temporary Access Service, users of member libraries can in special situations, such as a library's closure for a public health emergency, obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the physical books their library holds.2
  • F20 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, Emergency Temporary Access Service documented · field
    The Emergency Temporary Access Service … (ETAS) is a service provided by HathiTrust that makes it possible in certain special situations, such as closure of a library for a public health emergency, for users of HathiTrust member libraries to obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the corresponding physical books held by the same library.
  • TLL-29 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].data_access attributed
    per Wikipedia, full-text search; PageTurner viewing and PDF download where access allows; the Emergency Temporary Access Service for users of member libraries in special situations
15.Patrons with print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the collection through its Accessible Text Request Service.1
  • F30 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶3 documented · field
    Patrons who have print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the HathiTrust collection by using HathiTrust’s Accessible Text Request Service .
16.Its discovery services include full-text search across the entire repository: researchers search the catalogue's descriptive data, the contents of digitized items, or both, and works still under copyright carry a "Limited (search-only)" status within which a reader can still search for key terms.7
  • F16 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶3 documented · field
    HathiTrust provides a number of discovery and access services, notably, full-text search across the entire repository.
  • F35 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    Researchers use this preservation repository by searching descriptive data in the catalog and/or by searching within the contents of digitized items.
  • F39 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Limited (Search Only) View vs. Full-text View documented · field
    Those works that are still under copyright display a "Limited (search-only)" status. You can still search within those works for your key terms, to better understand if the work has the content and context you seek.
  • F29 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶2 documented · field
    Items in the public domain — more than a third of the collection — are fully available for everyone, and items held in copyright are full-text searchable.
  • TLL-15 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.readback attributed
    per Wikipedia, full-text search across the entire repository; volumes viewed and downloaded as PDF in PageTurner where access allows; access restricted where copyright or permission status cannot be determined, and for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States from 1896
  • TLL-21 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].holdings attributed
    more than 18 million volumes (September 2024, Wikipedia) … 6.7 million volumes in the public domain in the United States (Wikipedia) … full-text search across the repository (Wikipedia)
  • TLL-24 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].answers interpretation
    whether a volume is held, by full-text search across the repository … whether a volume can be displayed or only searched, under its copyright policy … the scale of its holdings (Wikipedia figures)
17.The census reads the record as answering whether a volume is held, by full-text search, whether its pages may be shown or only searched, and the scale of the holdings, and it ran no search of its own.3
  • TLL-10 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].question interpretation
    holding and access: is a volume held, can it be found by full-text search, and may its pages be shown?
  • TLL-24 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].answers interpretation
    whether a volume is held, by full-text search across the repository … whether a volume can be displayed or only searched, under its copyright policy … the scale of its holdings (Wikipedia figures)
  • TLL-43 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].unchecked[2] documented
    full-text search itself (no query run)
18.In September 2011 the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust, alleging massive copyright violation, and in October 2012 a federal court found HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google to be fair use under US law, its opinion resting on the transformativeness doctrine.3
  • F11 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    In September 2011, the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust ( Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust ), alleging massive copyright violation.
  • F12 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    A federal court ruled against the Authors Guild in October 2012, finding that HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google was fair use under US law.
  • F13 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    The court's opinion relied on the transformativeness doctrine of federal copyright law, holding that HathiTrust had transformed the copyrighted works without infringing on the copyright holders' rights.
19.The Second Circuit largely affirmed the decision on 10 June 2014, finding that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court whether the plaintiffs had standing over HathiTrust's library preservation copies.2
  • F14 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    That decision was largely affirmed by the Second Circuit on June 10, 2014, which found that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court to reconsider whether the plaintiffs had standing to sue regarding HathiTrust's library preservation copies.
  • TLL-13 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.in_layer interpretation
    not recorded: the saved sources say nothing of training use; per Wikipedia, the courts held its use of books scanned by Google to be fair use, with search and accessibility for the visually impaired grounds to find the service transformative
20.The census reads Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, as Wikipedia reports it, as the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding, search, while the pages stay closed; in its record, what an apparatus makes from a work there is a full-text search index the courts held transformative and fair use.2
  • TLL-28 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].tll_reading interpretation
    Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, as Wikipedia reports it, is the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding (search) while the pages stay closed; the saved sources tie none of its volumes to model training.
  • TLL-16 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.makes interpretation
    per Wikipedia, a full-text search index across the repository, which the courts held transformative and fair use; computational analysis of the volumes was the separate service of the HathiTrust Research Center, ended 30 September 2026
21.Computational analysis of the volumes was the separate service of the HathiTrust Research Center, established in 2011 as a partnership of Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and HathiTrust to enable computational analysis of the library, which supported scholars using text and data mining methods in educational and non-profit research; the census holds the Center as a part of the library and as a distinct entity.5
  • F44 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) is a research center dedicated to enabling computational analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library. Established in 2011 as a partnership between Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and HathiTrust, HTRC developed tools, datasets, and infrastructure that supported scholars using text and data mining methods to study the HathiTrust corpus.
  • F47 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, tagline documented · field
    Supporting large-scale text analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library for educational and non-profit research
  • TLL-16 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.makes interpretation
    per Wikipedia, a full-text search index across the repository, which the courts held transformative and fair use; computational analysis of the volumes was the separate service of the HathiTrust Research Center, ended 30 September 2026
  • TLL-38 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[4] stipulation
    NOT the HathiTrust Research Center: computational analysis was the Center's separate service, which ended 30 September 2026
  • TLL-39 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].relations[0] documented
    the HTRC home page describes the HathiTrust Research Center as established in 2011 as a partnership between Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and HathiTrust, for computational analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library
22.In October 2024 HathiTrust's executive director announced that funding for the Center would cease at the end of 2026, when it will be formally closed; its services were discontinued on 30 September 2026, its accounts, algorithms and data capsules with them, some of its resources remain usable without an account, and access to the Digital Library remains open.5
  • F45 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶2 documented · field
    In October 2024, HathiTrust Executive Director Mike Furlough announced that funding for the Research Center would cease at the end of 2026, at which time the center will be formally closed.
  • F42 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, banner documented · field
    HTRC has discontinued its services as of September 30, 2026. HTRC accounts are no longer available.
  • F46 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, The HTRC Analytics Portal Has Been Sunsetted documented · field
    HTRC Algorithms and Data Capsule services have also been discontinued. … Some HTRC resources remain available and can be used without an HTRC Analytics account:
  • F43 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, banner documented · field
    Access to the HathiTrust Digital Library remains open.
  • TLL-31 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].lifecycle attributed
    per Wikipedia, launched October 2008, current status active; the HathiTrust Research Center closes at the end of 2026, and access to the Digital Library remains open (HTRC home page)
23.The census of the training layer asks how literature is addressed to a receiving apparatus, what that apparatus makes from it, and how transmission, transformation and provenance can be inspected across later reception; it admits a resource that gathers and holds many other works or records and says what it holds, and its anchors are #186 and #1543.3
  • TLL-44 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json organizing_question stipulation
    How is literature addressed to a receiving apparatus, what does that apparatus make from it, and how can transmission, transformation and provenance be inspected across later reception?
  • TLL-45 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json admission_rule stipulation
    A row is an aggregator: a resource that gathers and holds many other works or records and says what it holds (operator, 2026-11-01).
  • TLL-47 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json anchor documented
    Who Is Writing for the Machines? Training-Layer Literature: A Field Survey … Generative Uptake: Training-Layer Literature Extended from Machine Reading to Machine Composition (EA-TLL-COMPOSITION-01)
24.It enters HathiTrust in its corpora area, the collections, crawls and datasets whose texts enter machine training, as infrastructure and as a record of type library, its question holding and access.5
  • TLL-06 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].areas stipulation
    corpora
  • TLL-46 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json areas.corpora stipulation
    The corpora: collections, crawls and datasets whose texts enter machine training
  • TLL-08 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].host_relation stipulation
    infrastructure
  • TLL-09 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record_type stipulation
    library
  • TLL-10 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].question interpretation
    holding and access: is a volume held, can it be found by full-text search, and may its pages be shown?
25.Its saved sources say nothing of training use and tie none of the library's volumes to model training, whether a work keeps its author's name there is not recorded, and the census does not record the library as a training corpus.5
  • TLL-13 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.in_layer interpretation
    not recorded: the saved sources say nothing of training use; per Wikipedia, the courts held its use of books scanned by Google to be fair use, with search and accessibility for the visually impaired grounds to find the service transformative
  • TLL-25 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].does_not_answer[0] interpretation
    whether its volumes were carried into any training set (the saved sources do not say)
  • TLL-14 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.name interpretation
    not recorded
  • TLL-37 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[3] stipulation
    NOT recorded in the saved sources as a training corpus
  • TLL-28 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].tll_reading interpretation
    Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, as Wikipedia reports it, is the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding (search) while the pages stay closed; the saved sources tie none of its volumes to model training.
26.The census reads HathiTrust in three layers kept apart: holdings, access restricted where copyright status cannot be established, and computational availability, the Research Center's, now ended.1
  • TLL-27 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].tll_reading interpretation
    The archive reads HathiTrust in three layers kept apart: holdings (volumes digitized via Google Books, the Internet Archive and the libraries), access (restricted where copyright status cannot be established), and computational availability (the Research Center's, now ended).
27.The archive's Originals Library has met HathiTrust as a holder of open witnesses its sessions could not reach: on 15 October 2026 a seating found HathiTrust not reachable from its workspace for Pound's public-domain first printings of the Cantos, a seating of 27 October 2026 queued Langston Hughes's Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), whose one open scan is at HathiTrust, as unreachable, and on 30 October 2026 HathiTrust, holding Cornell's volumes 36–37 of the Monatshefte in full view, refused the seating's requests with a Cloudflare challenge and a block page.3
  • O1682-01 #1682 EA-CORPORA-18 — The Eighteenth Seating: The Avant-Garde and Its Sources — Pound and the Cantos as First Printed, the Ita Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-15 · Seat 18/01 — Pound II, Scope (line 96) documented
    A Draft of XVI Cantos (Paris: Three Mountains Press, 1925), A Draft of the Cantos 17–27 (London: John Rodker, 1928) and A Draft of XXX Cantos (Paris: Hours Press, 1930) are public domain in the United States, but no public-domain witness was reachable from the session: the Internet Archive holds only the 1990 New Directions reprint, lending-restricted; HathiTrust is not reachable from this workspace.
  • O1710-02 #1710 EA-CORPORA-26 — The Twenty-Sixth Seating: W. E. B. Du Bois and Langston Hughes, as Far as the Public Domain Reaches Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-27 · Seat 26/02 — Langston Hughes, Scope (line 157); Not seated, and why (line 164) documented
    QUEUED: Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), whose one open scan is at HathiTrust, unreachable from this session; … Hughes: Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), public domain, whose one open scan found is at HathiTrust, which this session cannot reach: QUEUED.
  • O1720-01 #1720 EA-CORPORA-30 — The Thirtieth Seating: The Exact Sciences — Einstein, Gödel, Tesla, Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Seat 30/02 — Kurt Gödel, Scope (line 143); Queued (line 144) documented
    HathiTrust holds Cornell's vol. 36–37 in full view (coo.31924000966790) and refused the seating's requests on 2026-10-30 with a Cloudflare challenge and a block page.
28.Other witnesses the archive seated came by way of HathiTrust: its first edition of The Souls of Black Folk is the Northwestern University copy (HathiTrust ien.35556032538837) uploaded to the Internet Archive, and its Tribüne volume is the University of Michigan copy digitized by Google, held by reference via HathiTrust and the Internet Archive, which HathiTrust records as pdus, public domain in the United States, full view.2
  • O1710-01 #1710 EA-CORPORA-26 — The Twenty-Sixth Seating: W. E. B. Du Bois and Langston Hughes, as Far as the Public Domain Reaches Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-27 · Seat 26/01 — W. E. B. Du Bois, editions (line 76) documented
    The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches (Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co., 1903) — the first edition, 'Published April 18, 1903'; Northwestern University copy (HathiTrust ien.35556032538837), uploaded to the Internet Archive; held as the page images (JP2)
  • O1720-02 #1720 EA-CORPORA-30 — The Thirtieth Seating: The Exact Sciences — Einstein, Gödel, Tesla, Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Seat 30/09 — Paul Klee, editions (line 465) and Licence (line 466) documented
    the University of Michigan copy (Google, via HathiTrust and the Internet Archive), OCR layer; the scan held by reference … The Tribüne volume is the University of Michigan copy digitized by Google: HathiTrust records the Michigan run of volumes 12–17 (1920) as pdus, public domain in the United States, full view; the Archive item carries no licence of its own.
29.The archive's bibliography places its author's doctoral dissertation, Strange New Canons (University of Michigan, 2013), at a HathiTrust catalogue record.1
  • O301-01 #301 The Fourth Mode: New Human and the Logic of Retrocausal Canon — From Language Writing to Algorithmic Reception Johannes Sigil · 2026-01-13 · § on Strange New Canons (line 111); bibliography (line 324) documented
    [HathiTrust: catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100856447] … Sharks, Lee. *Strange New Canons: Classical Reception in Contemporary Avant-Garde Poetry*. Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 2013. catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100856447.
30.An earlier archive paper classes large text archives such as HathiTrust as having scale and no internal architecture, "collections, not systems", which a summarizer describes by what is in them without traversing how they work; the archive gives the native frame of digital libraries as collections, discovery, preservation and services evaluated as connected functions.3
  • O416-01 #416 Architecture-Aware Literary Traversal by Public AI Summarizers: A Position Paper Based on Direct Forensic Evidence Lee Sharks · 2026-01-30 · §2.3 Related Non-Examples, Digital Humanities Corpora (line 142) interpretation
    **Digital Humanities Corpora:** Large text archives (e.g., HathiTrust, Project Gutenberg) have scale but no internal architecture. They are collections, not systems.
  • O416-02 #416 Architecture-Aware Literary Traversal by Public AI Summarizers: A Position Paper Based on Direct Forensic Evidence Lee Sharks · 2026-01-30 · §2.3 Related Non-Examples, Digital Humanities Corpora (line 142) interpretation
    An AI summarizing a corpus describes *what's in it*; it does not traverse *how it works*.
  • O1678-01 #1678 The Living Academy: Alexanarch, Function by Function — Mantle object with Metadata Packet for AI Indexing (EA-MPAI-ALEXA Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-13 · §7 Inverted fan architecture, table row 'Digital libraries' (line 579 ff.) interpretation
    | Digital libraries | collections, discovery, preservation and services evaluated as connected functions | F1, F5, F18 |
31.HathiTrust's own about page at hathitrust.org refused the census's fetch with HTTP 403 and a challenge page, so the census quotes nothing in the resource's own words and cites Wikipedia, whose article was last edited on 19 October 2026, and the Research Center's page for its fields; the University of Michigan's guide, last updated on 24 August 2026, quotes HathiTrust's site.10
  • TLL-22 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].stated_limits[0] documented
    the own about page was refused (http 403), so no limit is quoted from the resource itself
  • TLL-26 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].does_not_answer[1] documented
    anything in the resource's own words (own about page refused)
  • TLL-41 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].unchecked[0] documented
    the own about page (hathitrust--about): http 403, saved text is a challenge page ('Just a moment...'), unread and unquoted
  • TLL-03 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].url documented
    https://www.hathitrust.org/
  • TLL-05 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].kind attributed
    large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries (Wikipedia's description)
  • TLL-31 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].lifecycle attributed
    per Wikipedia, launched October 2008, current status active; the HathiTrust Research Center closes at the end of 2026, and access to the Digital Library remains open (HTRC home page)
  • F26 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, page footer documented · field
    This page was last edited on 19 October 2026, at 07:27 (UTC) .
  • F41 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, page footer documented · field
    Last Updated: Aug 24, 2026 9:06 AM
  • F34 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    HathiTrust (pronounced hah-tee) is a "collaborative of academic and research libraries preserving 18+ million digitized items." This organization provides reading access to a digital archive of books, journals and government documents -- called HathiTrust Digital Library -- many of which are in the public domain (available for full view).
  • F38 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library (quoting the HathiTrust web site) documented · field
    it is estimated that 1898 is the earliest date foreign works may still be under copyright. Therefore, users accessing the volume from U.S. IP addresses will have access to the works published outside the U.S. from 1898 through 1928; however, users with non-U.S. IP addresses will not.
32.Wikipedia's infobox gives the library as launched in October 2008 and active, partially commercial, written in Perl and Java, with revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and a content licence of "Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various".6
  • F23 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (launched, status) documented · field
    Launched October 2008 ; 18 years ago ( October 2008 ) … Current status Active
  • F24 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (revenue, commercial) documented · field
    Revenue US$ 3,777,445 (2019 projections for proposal) … Commercial Partially
  • F25 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (written in) documented · field
    Written in Perl , Java
  • F22 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (content license) documented · field
    Content license Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various
  • TLL-30 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].license attributed
    per Wikipedia's infobox, 'Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various'
  • TLL-31 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].lifecycle attributed
    per Wikipedia, launched October 2008, current status active; the HathiTrust Research Center closes at the end of 2026, and access to the Digital Library remains open (HTRC home page)
33.Asked for "HathiTrust Digital Library" in Google AI Mode on 1 November 2026, at a new address, the composer said what the library is, who founded and runs it, how large it is, where its scans come from and what each kind of user may do with them, through seven inline source chips and no cards; the Capture Registry found the repository composed at its grain, with its access tiers, its founding and administration in agreement with Wikipedia.7
  • CAP-1-07 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, reading interpretation
    The innocent reading first. Asked for the library by name in AI Mode, the composer says what it is, who founded and runs it, how large it is, where its scans come from and what each kind of user may do with them, and offers instructions for search or text mining.
  • CAP-1-11 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, q_kind documented
    the census name; NEW address.
  • CAP-1-12 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, d documented
    No source cards: seven inline chips (HathiTrust, Wikipedia, University of Michigan Library, YouTube).
  • CAP-1-13 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, surface_basis documented
    The operator's note in the paste ('no popup. ai mode:'): no Overview popup, the run in AI Mode.
  • CAP-1-08 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, analysis interpretation
    The repository composed at its grain, with its access tiers, from its own site and the Michigan library guide.
  • CAP-1-01 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[0] interpretation
    'Founded in 2008 and administered by the University of Michigan' agrees with Wikipedia ('administered by the University of Michigan', 'founded in October 2008').
  • CAP-1-09 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, mt interpretation
    'HATHITRUST DIGITAL LIBRARY' IN AI MODE — THE REPOSITORY AND ITS ACCESS TIERS AT THEIR GRAIN; ITS RESEARCH CENTER OFFERED IN THE PRESENT TENSE A MONTH AFTER ITS SERVICES ENDED; THE FAIR-USE RULING NOT CARRIED
34.The registry also found that the composition made the public domain fully available to anyone worldwide, dropping the United States condition; added Microsoft to the sources of the scans, on no saved HathiTrust source; offered the Research Center as a working service a month after its services ended; gave search and the accessibility service as features without the ruling that holds them; and named the University of Michigan and partner libraries, no person and no founders.7
  • CAP-1-02 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[0] interpretation
    'Over a third of the collection (roughly 7 million volumes) is in the public domain' rounds Wikipedia's 'more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States', and drops 'in the United States', the condition on which the census row's international restriction rests ('access is also restricted for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States after and including 1896'); the composition's public domain is 'fully available for anyone worldwide'.
  • CAP-1-03 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[1] interpretation
    THE SOURCES OF THE SCANS. 'the Google Books Project, the Internet Archive, Microsoft, and member institutions' local scanning projects.' Wikipedia: 'content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.' Microsoft is on no saved HathiTrust source; the census row's Internet Archive evidence records Microsoft's Live Search Books as a contributor to the Internet Archive.
  • CAP-1-04 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[2] interpretation
    THE RESEARCH CENTER IN THE PRESENT TENSE. 'HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC): Offers text-mining and computational analysis tools for researchers to perform advanced data analysis across the entire digital corpus.' The HTRC home page, saved the same day: 'HTRC has discontinued its services as of September 30, 2026. HTRC accounts are no longer available.' and 'HTRC Algorithms and Data Capsule services have also been discontinued.' The follow-up offers 'precise instructions on how to use their Advanced Search or text-mining tools'. The census row gives the Research Center's computational analysis as 'ended 30 September 2026'.
  • CAP-1-05 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[3] interpretation
    The composition gives the search and the Accessible Text Request Service ('Patrons with certified print disabilities') as features, and Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, the ruling that holds them, is absent.
  • CAP-1-06 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[4] interpretation
    NO PERSON AND NO FOUNDERS. The census row names the executive director, 'The executive director of HathiTrust is Mike Furlough,', the 219 member libraries and the founders, 'the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California'. The composition names partner universities only as places to log in ('University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, University of Calgary, or even NYPL cardholders') and no person.
  • CAP-1-09 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, mt interpretation
    'HATHITRUST DIGITAL LIBRARY' IN AI MODE — THE REPOSITORY AND ITS ACCESS TIERS AT THEIR GRAIN; ITS RESEARCH CENTER OFFERED IN THE PRESENT TENSE A MONTH AFTER ITS SERVICES ENDED; THE FAIR-USE RULING NOT CARRIED
  • CAP-1-10 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, per_note interpretation
    The University of Michigan and partner libraries named, no person; sources chipped inline, no cards.
Compression · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)HathiTrust Digital Library

HathiTrust Digital Library is a digital library administered by the University of Michigan: research-library volumes digitized through Google Books, the Internet Archive and member libraries, more than 18 million in 2024, searchable in full text and shown by copyright status; Authors Guild v. HathiTrust held the search fair use, and the census of the training layer ties none of its volumes to training.

🏛️ What it holds

  • Collection: books, journals and government documents, 1500 to the present; 6.7 million volumes public domain in the US (2024).7↘
    The HathiTrust Digital Library, or HathiTrust, is a digital library: a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan, and catalogued among American digital libraries, full-text scholarly online databases and mass digitization.§1 Its collection is of books, journals and government documents digitized from libraries around the world and dated from 1500 to the present: content digitized through Google Books and the Internet Archive, beside collections that member libraries digitized themselves, aggregated in one shared repository; the census keeps it apart from Google Books on that ground and records the Internet Archive as a source it uses.§2 In September 2024 it comprised more than 18 million volumes, 6.7 million of them in the public domain in the United States; the University of Michigan Library gives the public domain as more than a third of the collection and the items preserved as more than 17 million, and the library's research guide quotes HathiTrust's own figure of 18+ million digitized items.§3 It is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries, owned as a university consortium with the University of Michigan as its parent: as of 2024 more than 219 research libraries across the United States, Canada and Europe, under a shared governance structure, with costs shared by the participating libraries and library consortia.§6 What a reader may see follows copyright: items in the public domain, more than a third of the collection, are fully available for everyone, while many items are protected by copyright and cannot be viewed in full without the express permission of the copyright holder.§9 Its discovery services include full-text search across the entire repository: researchers search the catalogue's descriptive data, the contents of digitized items, or both, and works still under copyright carry a "Limited (search-only)" status within which a reader can still search for key terms.§16 HathiTrust's own about page at hathitrust.org refused the census's fetch with HTTP 403 and a challenge page, so the census quotes nothing in the resource's own words and cites Wikipedia, whose article was last edited on 19 October 2026, and the Research Center's page for its fields; the University of Michigan's guide, last updated on 24 August 2026, quotes HathiTrust's site.§31
  • Sources: Google Books, the Internet Archive, member libraries' scans; kept distinct from Google Books.2↘
    Its collection is of books, journals and government documents digitized from libraries around the world and dated from 1500 to the present: content digitized through Google Books and the Internet Archive, beside collections that member libraries digitized themselves, aggregated in one shared repository; the census keeps it apart from Google Books on that ground and records the Internet Archive as a source it uses.§2 Its Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, three-quarters of its digital book holdings.§8
  • Name: Hindi for elephant; distinct from HATII.2↘
    The HathiTrust Digital Library, or HathiTrust, is a digital library: a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan, and catalogued among American digital libraries, full-text scholarly online databases and mass digitization.§1 Its name is the Hindi word for elephant, from the Sanskrit hastin, an animal famed for its long-term memory, and it is a distinct entity from HATII.§4

👥 Who holds it

  • Founded: October 2008, CIC universities and UC libraries; built at Michigan.2↘
    HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California, its infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan, which has scanned and deposited more than 4.8 million items.§5 Wikipedia's infobox gives the library as launched in October 2008 and active, partially commercial, written in Perl and Java, with revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and a content licence of "Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various".§32
  • Governance: 219+ member libraries, shared governance and costs; director Mike Furlough.3↘
    In September 2024 it comprised more than 18 million volumes, 6.7 million of them in the public domain in the United States; the University of Michigan Library gives the public domain as more than a third of the collection and the items preserved as more than 17 million, and the library's research guide quotes HathiTrust's own figure of 18+ million digitized items.§3 It is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries, owned as a university consortium with the University of Michigan as its parent: as of 2024 more than 219 research libraries across the United States, Canada and Europe, under a shared governance structure, with costs shared by the participating libraries and library consortia.§6 Its executive director is Mike Furlough, who succeeded the founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013.§7
  • Shared Print: almost 18 million monographs kept 25 years.1↘
    Its Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, three-quarters of its digital book holdings.§8

🔐 Access

  • By copyright: public domain open to all; in-copyright works search-only; unknown status restricted.4↘
    In September 2024 it comprised more than 18 million volumes, 6.7 million of them in the public domain in the United States; the University of Michigan Library gives the public domain as more than a third of the collection and the items preserved as more than 17 million, and the library's research guide quotes HathiTrust's own figure of 18+ million digitized items.§3 What a reader may see follows copyright: items in the public domain, more than a third of the collection, are fully available for everyone, while many items are protected by copyright and cannot be viewed in full without the express permission of the copyright holder.§9 Its copyright policy, as Wikipedia quotes it for 2021, says that protected works cannot ordinarily be displayed in large portions without permission and that access to a work is restricted until its copyright or permission status can be established; the census knows the policy only through that quotation and, on that restriction, counts the library outside the open full-text libraries for works in copyright.§10 Its discovery services include full-text search across the entire repository: researchers search the catalogue's descriptive data, the contents of digitized items, or both, and works still under copyright carry a "Limited (search-only)" status within which a reader can still search for key terms.§16
  • By place: foreign works from 1896 (Wikipedia) or 1898 (HathiTrust, quoted by U-M) closed outside the US.3↘
    Access also turns on where the reader is, and the sources date the line differently: Wikipedia quotes the policy as restricting users outside the United States from works published outside the United States after and including 1896, and the University of Michigan's guide quotes HathiTrust's web site as estimating 1898 the earliest date at which foreign works may still be in copyright, so that works published abroad from 1898 through 1928 are open to United States IP addresses and closed to others.§11 Its discovery services include full-text search across the entire repository: researchers search the catalogue's descriptive data, the contents of digitized items, or both, and works still under copyright carry a "Limited (search-only)" status within which a reader can still search for key terms.§16 HathiTrust's own about page at hathitrust.org refused the census's fetch with HTTP 403 and a challenge page, so the census quotes nothing in the resource's own words and cites Wikipedia, whose article was last edited on 19 October 2026, and the Research Center's page for its fields; the University of Michigan's guide, last updated on 24 August 2026, quotes HathiTrust's site.§31
  • By affiliation: members download whole books, guests a page at a time; PageTurner; ETAS.3↘
    Access turns as well on affiliation: a member's community gains additional access by logging in, and at the University of Michigan logged-in users can download complete public-domain books, where guests download one page at a time.§12 A volume, a digitized book or other publication, is viewed in PageTurner, the site's web application, in which a reader can navigate a publication, download a PDF of it and view its pages one at a time, scrolling, flipping or as thumbnails.§13 Through the Emergency Temporary Access Service, users of member libraries can in special situations, such as a library's closure for a public health emergency, obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the physical books their library holds.§14
  • Accessibility: Accessible Text Request Service for print disabilities.1↘
    Patrons with print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the collection through its Accessible Text Request Service.§15

⚖️ Search and the ruling

  • Search: full text across the repository.3↘
    Its discovery services include full-text search across the entire repository: researchers search the catalogue's descriptive data, the contents of digitized items, or both, and works still under copyright carry a "Limited (search-only)" status within which a reader can still search for key terms.§16 The census reads the record as answering whether a volume is held, by full-text search, whether its pages may be shown or only searched, and the scale of the holdings, and it ran no search of its own.§17 It enters HathiTrust in its corpora area, the collections, crawls and datasets whose texts enter machine training, as infrastructure and as a record of type library, its question holding and access.§24
  • Authors Guild v. HathiTrust: fair use, 2012; affirmed 2014 for search and accessibility.2↘
    In September 2011 the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust, alleging massive copyright violation, and in October 2012 a federal court found HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google to be fair use under US law, its opinion resting on the transformativeness doctrine.§18 The Second Circuit largely affirmed the decision on 10 June 2014, finding that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court whether the plaintiffs had standing over HathiTrust's library preservation copies.§19
  • Census: precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding while the pages stay closed.3↘
    The census reads Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, as Wikipedia reports it, as the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding, search, while the pages stay closed; in its record, what an apparatus makes from a work there is a full-text search index the courts held transformative and fair use.§20 Computational analysis of the volumes was the separate service of the HathiTrust Research Center, established in 2011 as a partnership of Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and HathiTrust to enable computational analysis of the library, which supported scholars using text and data mining methods in educational and non-profit research; the census holds the Center as a part of the library and as a distinct entity.§21 Its saved sources say nothing of training use and tie none of the library's volumes to model training, whether a work keeps its author's name there is not recorded, and the census does not record the library as a training corpus.§25

🧮 Research Center

  • HTRC: computational analysis since 2011; services ended 30 September 2026; the library stays open.4↘
    Computational analysis of the volumes was the separate service of the HathiTrust Research Center, established in 2011 as a partnership of Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and HathiTrust to enable computational analysis of the library, which supported scholars using text and data mining methods in educational and non-profit research; the census holds the Center as a part of the library and as a distinct entity.§21 In October 2024 HathiTrust's executive director announced that funding for the Center would cease at the end of 2026, when it will be formally closed; its services were discontinued on 30 September 2026, its accounts, algorithms and data capsules with them, some of its resources remain usable without an account, and access to the Digital Library remains open.§22 HathiTrust's own about page at hathitrust.org refused the census's fetch with HTTP 403 and a challenge page, so the census quotes nothing in the resource's own words and cites Wikipedia, whose article was last edited on 19 October 2026, and the Research Center's page for its fields; the University of Michigan's guide, last updated on 24 August 2026, quotes HathiTrust's site.§31 Wikipedia's infobox gives the library as launched in October 2008 and active, partially commercial, written in Perl and Java, with revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and a content licence of "Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various".§32

📚 The training layer

  • Census: corpora area, infrastructure; holdings, access and computational availability kept apart; training use and authors' names unrecorded.5↘
    The Second Circuit largely affirmed the decision on 10 June 2014, finding that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court whether the plaintiffs had standing over HathiTrust's library preservation copies.§19 The census of the training layer asks how literature is addressed to a receiving apparatus, what that apparatus makes from it, and how transmission, transformation and provenance can be inspected across later reception; it admits a resource that gathers and holds many other works or records and says what it holds, and its anchors are #186 and #1543.§23 It enters HathiTrust in its corpora area, the collections, crawls and datasets whose texts enter machine training, as infrastructure and as a record of type library, its question holding and access.§24 Its saved sources say nothing of training use and tie none of the library's volumes to model training, whether a work keeps its author's name there is not recorded, and the census does not record the library as a training corpus.§25 The census reads HathiTrust in three layers kept apart: holdings, access restricted where copyright status cannot be established, and computational availability, the Research Center's, now ended.§26
  • Archive's seatings: HathiTrust unreachable, then refusing with a Cloudflare challenge (30 October 2026); witnesses carried from it via the Internet Archive; the author's dissertation catalogued there.3↘
    The archive's Originals Library has met HathiTrust as a holder of open witnesses its sessions could not reach: on 15 October 2026 a seating found HathiTrust not reachable from its workspace for Pound's public-domain first printings of the Cantos, a seating of 27 October 2026 queued Langston Hughes's Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), whose one open scan is at HathiTrust, as unreachable, and on 30 October 2026 HathiTrust, holding Cornell's volumes 36–37 of the Monatshefte in full view, refused the seating's requests with a Cloudflare challenge and a block page.§27 Other witnesses the archive seated came by way of HathiTrust: its first edition of The Souls of Black Folk is the Northwestern University copy (HathiTrust ien.35556032538837) uploaded to the Internet Archive, and its Tribüne volume is the University of Michigan copy digitized by Google, held by reference via HathiTrust and the Internet Archive, which HathiTrust records as pdus, public domain in the United States, full view.§28 The archive's bibliography places its author's doctoral dissertation, Strange New Canons (University of Michigan, 2013), at a HathiTrust catalogue record.§29
  • Collections: "collections, not systems" (#416); digital libraries as connected functions (#1678).1↘
    An earlier archive paper classes large text archives such as HathiTrust as having scale and no internal architecture, "collections, not systems", which a summarizer describes by what is in them without traversing how they work; the archive gives the native frame of digital libraries as collections, discovery, preservation and services evaluated as connected functions.§30

🔎 At the name

  • AI Mode, 1 November 2026: repository at its grain; public domain made worldwide; Research Center offered after it ended; ruling absent (Capture Registry).2↘
    Asked for "HathiTrust Digital Library" in Google AI Mode on 1 November 2026, at a new address, the composer said what the library is, who founded and runs it, how large it is, where its scans come from and what each kind of user may do with them, through seven inline source chips and no cards; the Capture Registry found the repository composed at its grain, with its access tiers, its founding and administration in agreement with Wikipedia.§33 The registry also found that the composition made the public domain fully available to anyone worldwide, dropping the United States condition; added Microsoft to the sources of the scans, on no saved HathiTrust source; offered the Research Center as a working service a month after its services ended; gave search and the accessibility service as features without the ruling that holds them; and named the University of Michigan and partner libraries, no person and no founders.§34
  • Sources: own site refused (403); Wikipedia edited 19 October 2026.2↘
    HathiTrust's own about page at hathitrust.org refused the census's fetch with HTTP 403 and a challenge page, so the census quotes nothing in the resource's own words and cites Wikipedia, whose article was last edited on 19 October 2026, and the Research Center's page for its fields; the University of Michigan's guide, last updated on 24 August 2026, quotes HathiTrust's site.§31 Wikipedia's infobox gives the library as launched in October 2008 and active, partially commercial, written in Perl and Java, with revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and a content licence of "Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various".§32
1what it is: a collaborative digital libraryUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library7 claims · B3, B6, TLL
  • F1 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, lead documented · field
    HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries , administered by the University of Michigan .
  • F3 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (website type) and short description documented · field
    Website type Digital library
  • F27 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, categories documented · field
    Categories : University of Michigan American digital libraries Full-text scholarly online databases Mass digitization
  • F34 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    HathiTrust (pronounced hah-tee) is a "collaborative of academic and research libraries preserving 18+ million digitized items." This organization provides reading access to a digital archive of books, journals and government documents -- called HathiTrust Digital Library -- many of which are in the public domain (available for full view).
  • TLL-01 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].name stipulation
    HathiTrust Digital Library
  • TLL-05 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].kind attributed
    large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries (Wikipedia's description)
  • TLL-07 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].evidence_kind stipulation
    digital library
2holdings: what it holds and where the scans come fromWikipedia — HathiTrust6 claims · B3, B4, TLL
  • F2 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, lead documented · field
    Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
  • F28 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Digital Library provides access to a collection of millions of books and journals digitized from libraries around the world. Materials are dated from 1500 to the present, and cover subjects typical of any large North American research library.
  • F31 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶4 documented · field
    Content includes materials from the Google Books Project , the Internet Archive , and digitized collections from member libraries.
  • TLL-12 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record_object attributed
    per Wikipedia, content from research libraries digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives and digitized locally by libraries: more than 18 million volumes, 6.7 million of them public domain in the United States (September 2024)
  • TLL-35 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[1] stipulation
    NOT Google Books: per Wikipedia, its holdings include Google-digitized content alongside Internet Archive and locally digitized content
  • TLL-40 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].relations[1] attributed
    Wikipedia: holdings include content digitized via the Internet Archive digitization initiatives
3scale: volumes and the public domainWikipedia — HathiTrust3 claims · B3, TLL
  • F15 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶3 documented · field
    In September 2024, HathiTrust comprised more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States.
  • TLL-20 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].count attributed
    more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States
  • TLL-21 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].holdings attributed
    more than 18 million volumes (September 2024, Wikipedia) … 6.7 million volumes in the public domain in the United States (Wikipedia) … full-text search across the repository (Wikipedia)
4the nameWikipedia — HathiTrust4 claims · B3, TLL
  • F4 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, hatnote documented · field
    Not to be confused with HATII .
  • F5 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, Etymology documented · field
    Hathi ( / ˈ h ɑː t i / ), derived from the Sanskrit hastin , is the Hindi word for ' elephant ', an animal famed for its long-term memory .
  • TLL-02 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].aka stipulation
    HathiTrust
  • TLL-34 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[0] stipulation
    NOT HATII (Wikipedia's disambiguation)
5who holds it: founders, members, governance, directorWikipedia — HathiTrust11 claims · B3, B4, TLL
  • F6 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California .
  • F7 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    As of 2024, members include more than 219 research libraries … across the United States, Canada, and Europe, and is based on a shared governance structure.
  • F8 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    Costs are shared by the participating libraries and library consortia.
  • F9 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    The executive director of HathiTrust is Mike Furlough, … who succeeded founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013.
  • F21 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (owner, parent) documented · field
    Owner University consortium … Parent University of Michigan
  • F32 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries. It has preserved more than 17 million digitized items thus far, securing them for easy access and preserving them for future use.
  • F33 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶2 documented · field
    The project began in 2008 with infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan. U-M has been a significant contributor, with more than 4.8 million items scanned and deposited.
  • TLL-04 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].operator attributed
    HathiTrust, a university consortium of more than 219 research libraries (2024) under shared governance, administered by the University of Michigan; executive director Mike Furlough (per Wikipedia; the own about page was refused)
  • TLL-18 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].coverage.geography attributed
    member libraries across the United States, Canada and Europe (Wikipedia)
  • TLL-19 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].coverage.period attributed
    since October 2008 (Wikipedia)
  • TLL-32 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].founded attributed
    October 2008 (Wikipedia)
6preservation: the Shared Print ProgramWikipedia — HathiTrust2 claims · B3, TLL
  • F10 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, representing three-quarters of HathiTrust digital book holdings.
  • TLL-17 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].method attributed
    per Wikipedia, aggregation of library digitization (Google Books, Internet Archive, local digitization) in a shared repository; a Shared Print Program retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years
7access by copyright status and by placeUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library7 claims · B3, B4, B6, TLL
  • F17 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021) documented · field
    "many works in our collection are protected by copyright law, so we cannot ordinarily publicly display large portions of those protected works unless we have permission from the copyright holder", and thus "if we cannot determine the copyright or permission status of a work, we restrict access to that work until we can establish its status.
  • F18 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021) documented · field
    Because of differences in international copyright laws, access is also restricted for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States after and including 1896.
  • F29 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶2 documented · field
    Items in the public domain — more than a third of the collection — are fully available for everyone, and items held in copyright are full-text searchable.
  • F37 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library documented · field
    Many of the items in HathiTrust Digital Library are protected under copyright law, meaning that full-text viewing is not possible without the express permission of the copyright holder.
  • F38 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library (quoting the HathiTrust web site) documented · field
    it is estimated that 1898 is the earliest date foreign works may still be under copyright. Therefore, users accessing the volume from U.S. IP addresses will have access to the works published outside the U.S. from 1898 through 1928; however, users with non-U.S. IP addresses will not.
  • TLL-23 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].stated_limits[1] attributed
    Wikipedia quotes its copyright policy: 'if we cannot determine the copyright or permission status of a work, we restrict access to that work until we can establish its status'
  • TLL-36 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[2] stipulation
    NOT an open full-text library for in-copyright works: access is restricted where status cannot be established
8access by affiliation and the reader's toolsUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library6 claims · B3, B6, TLL
  • F19 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, PageTurner documented · field
    PageTurner is the web application on the HathiTrust website for viewing publications. … From PageTurner readers can navigate through a publication, download a PDF version of it, and view pages in different ways, such as one page at a time, scrolling , flipping , or thumbnail views.
  • F20 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, Emergency Temporary Access Service documented · field
    The Emergency Temporary Access Service … (ETAS) is a service provided by HathiTrust that makes it possible in certain special situations, such as closure of a library for a public health emergency, for users of HathiTrust member libraries to obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the corresponding physical books held by the same library.
  • F36 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, Access to HathiTrust Materials documented · field
    The U-M Library is a HathiTrust member, which means that the U-M community has additional access benefits, with a valid login (U-M uniqname and password).
  • F40 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Downloading documented · field
    U-M users of HathiTrust Digital Library can download complete books in the public domain (or works available under a Creative Commons license). Guests can download one page at a time.
  • TLL-11 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].unit attributed
    a volume: a digitized book or other publication, viewed in the PageTurner application
  • TLL-29 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].data_access attributed
    per Wikipedia, full-text search; PageTurner viewing and PDF download where access allows; the Emergency Temporary Access Service for users of member libraries in special situations
9accessibilityUniversity of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library1 claim · B4
  • F30 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶3 documented · field
    Patrons who have print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the HathiTrust collection by using HathiTrust’s Accessible Text Request Service .
10search without displayUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library6 claims · B3, B6, TLL
  • F16 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶3 documented · field
    HathiTrust provides a number of discovery and access services, notably, full-text search across the entire repository.
  • F35 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    Researchers use this preservation repository by searching descriptive data in the catalog and/or by searching within the contents of digitized items.
  • F39 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Limited (Search Only) View vs. Full-text View documented · field
    Those works that are still under copyright display a "Limited (search-only)" status. You can still search within those works for your key terms, to better understand if the work has the content and context you seek.
  • TLL-15 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.readback attributed
    per Wikipedia, full-text search across the entire repository; volumes viewed and downloaded as PDF in PageTurner where access allows; access restricted where copyright or permission status cannot be determined, and for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States from 1896
  • TLL-16 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.makes interpretation
    per Wikipedia, a full-text search index across the repository, which the courts held transformative and fair use; computational analysis of the volumes was the separate service of the HathiTrust Research Center, ended 30 September 2026
  • TLL-43 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].unchecked[2] documented
    full-text search itself (no query run)
11the fair-use rulingWikipedia — HathiTrust5 claims · B3, TLL
  • F11 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    In September 2011, the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust ( Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust ), alleging massive copyright violation.
  • F12 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    A federal court ruled against the Authors Guild in October 2012, finding that HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google was fair use under US law.
  • F13 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    The court's opinion relied on the transformativeness doctrine of federal copyright law, holding that HathiTrust had transformed the copyrighted works without infringing on the copyright holders' rights.
  • F14 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    That decision was largely affirmed by the Second Circuit on June 10, 2014, which found that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court to reconsider whether the plaintiffs had standing to sue regarding HathiTrust's library preservation copies.
  • TLL-28 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].tll_reading interpretation
    Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, as Wikipedia reports it, is the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding (search) while the pages stay closed; the saved sources tie none of its volumes to model training.
12the Research Center: computational analysis, endedHTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics9 claims · B9, TLL
  • F42 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, banner documented · field
    HTRC has discontinued its services as of September 30, 2026. HTRC accounts are no longer available.
  • F43 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, banner documented · field
    Access to the HathiTrust Digital Library remains open.
  • F44 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) is a research center dedicated to enabling computational analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library. Established in 2011 as a partnership between Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and HathiTrust, HTRC developed tools, datasets, and infrastructure that supported scholars using text and data mining methods to study the HathiTrust corpus.
  • F45 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶2 documented · field
    In October 2024, HathiTrust Executive Director Mike Furlough announced that funding for the Research Center would cease at the end of 2026, at which time the center will be formally closed.
  • F46 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, The HTRC Analytics Portal Has Been Sunsetted documented · field
    HTRC Algorithms and Data Capsule services have also been discontinued. … Some HTRC resources remain available and can be used without an HTRC Analytics account:
  • F47 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, tagline documented · field
    Supporting large-scale text analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library for educational and non-profit research
  • TLL-31 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].lifecycle attributed
    per Wikipedia, launched October 2008, current status active; the HathiTrust Research Center closes at the end of 2026, and access to the Digital Library remains open (HTRC home page)
  • TLL-38 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[4] stipulation
    NOT the HathiTrust Research Center: computational analysis was the Center's separate service, which ended 30 September 2026
  • TLL-39 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].relations[0] documented
    the HTRC home page describes the HathiTrust Research Center as established in 2011 as a partnership between Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and HathiTrust, for computational analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library
13the record: licence, status, revenue, datingUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library13 claims · B3, B6, TLL
  • F22 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (content license) documented · field
    Content license Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various
  • F23 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (launched, status) documented · field
    Launched October 2008 ; 18 years ago ( October 2008 ) … Current status Active
  • F24 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (revenue, commercial) documented · field
    Revenue US$ 3,777,445 (2019 projections for proposal) … Commercial Partially
  • F25 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (written in) documented · field
    Written in Perl , Java
  • F26 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, page footer documented · field
    This page was last edited on 19 October 2026, at 07:27 (UTC) .
  • F41 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, page footer documented · field
    Last Updated: Aug 24, 2026 9:06 AM
  • TLL-03 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].url documented
    https://www.hathitrust.org/
  • TLL-22 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].stated_limits[0] documented
    the own about page was refused (http 403), so no limit is quoted from the resource itself
  • TLL-26 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].does_not_answer[1] documented
    anything in the resource's own words (own about page refused)
  • TLL-30 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].license attributed
    per Wikipedia's infobox, 'Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various'
  • TLL-33 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].version_and_time documented
    September 2024 (Wikipedia) … 2026-11-01
  • TLL-41 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].unchecked[0] documented
    the own about page (hathitrust--about): http 403, saved text is a challenge page ('Just a moment...'), unread and unquoted
  • TLL-42 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].unchecked[1] documented
    HathiTrust's Access and Use Policies and copyright policy (known here from Wikipedia's quotation)
14what the census asks of itTLL9 claims · TLL
  • TLL-06 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].areas stipulation
    corpora
  • TLL-08 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].host_relation stipulation
    infrastructure
  • TLL-09 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record_type stipulation
    library
  • TLL-10 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].question interpretation
    holding and access: is a volume held, can it be found by full-text search, and may its pages be shown?
  • TLL-24 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].answers interpretation
    whether a volume is held, by full-text search across the repository … whether a volume can be displayed or only searched, under its copyright policy … the scale of its holdings (Wikipedia figures)
  • TLL-44 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json organizing_question stipulation
    How is literature addressed to a receiving apparatus, what does that apparatus make from it, and how can transmission, transformation and provenance be inspected across later reception?
  • TLL-45 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json admission_rule stipulation
    A row is an aggregator: a resource that gathers and holds many other works or records and says what it holds (operator, 2026-11-01).
  • TLL-46 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json areas.corpora stipulation
    The corpora: collections, crawls and datasets whose texts enter machine training
  • TLL-47 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json anchor documented
    Who Is Writing for the Machines? Training-Layer Literature: A Field Survey … Generative Uptake: Training-Layer Literature Extended from Machine Reading to Machine Composition (EA-TLL-COMPOSITION-01)
15the training layer: not recordedTLL4 claims · TLL
  • TLL-13 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.in_layer interpretation
    not recorded: the saved sources say nothing of training use; per Wikipedia, the courts held its use of books scanned by Google to be fair use, with search and accessibility for the visually impaired grounds to find the service transformative
  • TLL-14 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].record.name interpretation
    not recorded
  • TLL-25 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].does_not_answer[0] interpretation
    whether its volumes were carried into any training set (the saved sources do not say)
  • TLL-37 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].negative_tags[3] stipulation
    NOT recorded in the saved sources as a training corpus
16the archive's requests and witnesses#301 The Fourth Mode: New Human and the Logic of Retrocausal Canon — From L · 2026-01-136 claims · #1682, #1710, #1720, #301
  • O301-01 #301 The Fourth Mode: New Human and the Logic of Retrocausal Canon — From Language Writing to Algorithmic Reception Johannes Sigil · 2026-01-13 · § on Strange New Canons (line 111); bibliography (line 324) documented
    [HathiTrust: catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100856447] … Sharks, Lee. *Strange New Canons: Classical Reception in Contemporary Avant-Garde Poetry*. Doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 2013. catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100856447.
  • O1682-01 #1682 EA-CORPORA-18 — The Eighteenth Seating: The Avant-Garde and Its Sources — Pound and the Cantos as First Printed, the Ita Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-15 · Seat 18/01 — Pound II, Scope (line 96) documented
    A Draft of XVI Cantos (Paris: Three Mountains Press, 1925), A Draft of the Cantos 17–27 (London: John Rodker, 1928) and A Draft of XXX Cantos (Paris: Hours Press, 1930) are public domain in the United States, but no public-domain witness was reachable from the session: the Internet Archive holds only the 1990 New Directions reprint, lending-restricted; HathiTrust is not reachable from this workspace.
  • O1710-01 #1710 EA-CORPORA-26 — The Twenty-Sixth Seating: W. E. B. Du Bois and Langston Hughes, as Far as the Public Domain Reaches Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-27 · Seat 26/01 — W. E. B. Du Bois, editions (line 76) documented
    The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches (Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co., 1903) — the first edition, 'Published April 18, 1903'; Northwestern University copy (HathiTrust ien.35556032538837), uploaded to the Internet Archive; held as the page images (JP2)
  • O1710-02 #1710 EA-CORPORA-26 — The Twenty-Sixth Seating: W. E. B. Du Bois and Langston Hughes, as Far as the Public Domain Reaches Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-27 · Seat 26/02 — Langston Hughes, Scope (line 157); Not seated, and why (line 164) documented
    QUEUED: Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), whose one open scan is at HathiTrust, unreachable from this session; … Hughes: Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), public domain, whose one open scan found is at HathiTrust, which this session cannot reach: QUEUED.
  • O1720-01 #1720 EA-CORPORA-30 — The Thirtieth Seating: The Exact Sciences — Einstein, Gödel, Tesla, Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Seat 30/02 — Kurt Gödel, Scope (line 143); Queued (line 144) documented
    HathiTrust holds Cornell's vol. 36–37 in full view (coo.31924000966790) and refused the seating's requests on 2026-10-30 with a Cloudflare challenge and a block page.
  • O1720-02 #1720 EA-CORPORA-30 — The Thirtieth Seating: The Exact Sciences — Einstein, Gödel, Tesla, Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-30 · Seat 30/09 — Paul Klee, editions (line 465) and Licence (line 466) documented
    the University of Michigan copy (Google, via HathiTrust and the Internet Archive), OCR layer; the scan held by reference … The Tribüne volume is the University of Michigan copy digitized by Google: HathiTrust records the Michigan run of volumes 12–17 (1920) as pdus, public domain in the United States, full view; the Archive item carries no licence of its own.
17collections and connected functions#416 Architecture-Aware Literary Traversal by Public AI Summarizers: A Posi · 2026-01-304 claims · #1678, #416, TLL
  • TLL-27 TLL traininglayerliterature.org layer census record: HathiTrust Digital Library (https://www.traininglayerliterature.org/agg Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-11-01 · census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].tll_reading interpretation
    The archive reads HathiTrust in three layers kept apart: holdings (volumes digitized via Google Books, the Internet Archive and the libraries), access (restricted where copyright status cannot be established), and computational availability (the Research Center's, now ended).
  • O416-01 #416 Architecture-Aware Literary Traversal by Public AI Summarizers: A Position Paper Based on Direct Forensic Evidence Lee Sharks · 2026-01-30 · §2.3 Related Non-Examples, Digital Humanities Corpora (line 142) interpretation
    **Digital Humanities Corpora:** Large text archives (e.g., HathiTrust, Project Gutenberg) have scale but no internal architecture. They are collections, not systems.
  • O416-02 #416 Architecture-Aware Literary Traversal by Public AI Summarizers: A Position Paper Based on Direct Forensic Evidence Lee Sharks · 2026-01-30 · §2.3 Related Non-Examples, Digital Humanities Corpora (line 142) interpretation
    An AI summarizing a corpus describes *what's in it*; it does not traverse *how it works*.
  • O1678-01 #1678 The Living Academy: Alexanarch, Function by Function — Mantle object with Metadata Packet for AI Indexing (EA-MPAI-ALEXA Sharks, Lee · 2026-10-13 · §7 Inverted fan architecture, table row 'Digital libraries' (line 579 ff.) interpretation
    | Digital libraries | collections, discovery, preservation and services evaluated as connected functions | F1, F5, F18 |
18reception: the composition at the nameCAP13 claims · capture-registry
  • CAP-1-01 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[0] interpretation
    'Founded in 2008 and administered by the University of Michigan' agrees with Wikipedia ('administered by the University of Michigan', 'founded in October 2008').
  • CAP-1-02 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[0] interpretation
    'Over a third of the collection (roughly 7 million volumes) is in the public domain' rounds Wikipedia's 'more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States', and drops 'in the United States', the condition on which the census row's international restriction rests ('access is also restricted for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States after and including 1896'); the composition's public domain is 'fully available for anyone worldwide'.
  • CAP-1-03 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[1] interpretation
    THE SOURCES OF THE SCANS. 'the Google Books Project, the Internet Archive, Microsoft, and member institutions' local scanning projects.' Wikipedia: 'content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.' Microsoft is on no saved HathiTrust source; the census row's Internet Archive evidence records Microsoft's Live Search Books as a contributor to the Internet Archive.
  • CAP-1-04 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[2] interpretation
    THE RESEARCH CENTER IN THE PRESENT TENSE. 'HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC): Offers text-mining and computational analysis tools for researchers to perform advanced data analysis across the entire digital corpus.' The HTRC home page, saved the same day: 'HTRC has discontinued its services as of September 30, 2026. HTRC accounts are no longer available.' and 'HTRC Algorithms and Data Capsule services have also been discontinued.' The follow-up offers 'precise instructions on how to use their Advanced Search or text-mining tools'. The census row gives the Research Center's computational analysis as 'ended 30 September 2026'.
  • CAP-1-05 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[3] interpretation
    The composition gives the search and the Accessible Text Request Service ('Patrons with certified print disabilities') as features, and Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, the ruling that holds them, is absent.
  • CAP-1-06 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, findings[4] interpretation
    NO PERSON AND NO FOUNDERS. The census row names the executive director, 'The executive director of HathiTrust is Mike Furlough,', the 219 member libraries and the founders, 'the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California'. The composition names partner universities only as places to log in ('University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, University of Calgary, or even NYPL cardholders') and no person.
  • CAP-1-07 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, reading interpretation
    The innocent reading first. Asked for the library by name in AI Mode, the composer says what it is, who founded and runs it, how large it is, where its scans come from and what each kind of user may do with them, and offers instructions for search or text mining.
  • CAP-1-08 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, analysis interpretation
    The repository composed at its grain, with its access tiers, from its own site and the Michigan library guide.
  • CAP-1-09 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, mt interpretation
    'HATHITRUST DIGITAL LIBRARY' IN AI MODE — THE REPOSITORY AND ITS ACCESS TIERS AT THEIR GRAIN; ITS RESEARCH CENTER OFFERED IN THE PRESENT TENSE A MONTH AFTER ITS SERVICES ENDED; THE FAIR-USE RULING NOT CARRIED
  • CAP-1-10 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, per_note interpretation
    The University of Michigan and partner libraries named, no person; sources chipped inline, no cards.
  • CAP-1-11 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, q_kind documented
    the census name; NEW address.
  • CAP-1-12 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, d documented
    No source cards: seven inline chips (HathiTrust, Wikipedia, University of Michigan Library, YouTube).
  • CAP-1-13 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 (OBS-801009ea301b, AXN:0BB2.CAPTU Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-11-01 · hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101, surface_basis documented
    The operator's note in the paste ('no popup. ai mode:'): no Overview popup, the run in AI Mode.
AIO's transcript, a record · HathiTrust Digital Library · Google AI Mode · 351 words · 7 cards
[Google AI Mode at the query, signed out and incognito (operator default of 2026-10-14). The operator, in the paste: 'no popup. ai mode:'. The paste opens on the search page and the web results above the answer ('Quick results from the web:'), kept in the raw paste and not part of the composition. Received 2026-11-01 09:56 EDT.]

[QUERENT] HathiTrust Digital Library

[SYSTEM] The HathiTrust Digital Library is a massive, large-scale collaborative digital repository containing more than 18 million digitized volumes. Founded in 2008 and administered by the University of Michigan, it functions as a partnership between major global academic and research institutions to preserve the cultural record and provide long-term access to the public good.


HathiTrust
 +4
Key Features and Content
Collection Size: Over 18 million volumes, encompassing books, serials, journals, and musical scores.


HathiTrust
 +2
Public Domain Access: Over a third of the collection (roughly 7 million volumes) is in the public domain and fully available for anyone worldwide to view, read, or print.


Wikipedia
 +2
Copyrighted Materials: Items under copyright are still fully text-searchable. Users can search the entire corpus to see how many times a word or phrase appears and find corresponding page numbers.


University of Michigan Library
 +1
Diverse Sourcing: Content is compiled from major digitization efforts, including the Google Books Project, the Internet Archive, Microsoft, and member institutions' local scanning projects.
HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC): Offers text-mining and computational analysis tools for researchers to perform advanced data analysis across the entire digital corpus.


YouTube
 +1
How Access Works
Access permissions vary depending on your institutional affiliation and the copyright status of the material:


University of Michigan Library
User Status	Public Domain Material	Copyrighted Material
General Public	Full-text online viewing and single-page printing	Snippet/text-search only (to locate relevant page numbers)
Logged-in Member (Partner University)	Full-text viewing and complete book PDF downloading	Text-search only, except under specific institutional exemptions
Important Tips for Users
Log In Early: If you are a student, faculty member, or researcher at a partner university (e.g., University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, University of Calgary, or even NYPL cardholders), always click Log In at the top right and select your institution. This unlocks complete PDF downloading and the "Collection Builder" tool to save your research lists.
Accessibility Services: Patrons with certified print disabilities can request full downloadable copies of any item in the database via the HathiTrust Accessible Text Request Service.
Bot Protection Measures: HathiTrust enforces security measures to reduce bot traffic, which can occasionally cause slowness. Logging in with your official institution or library card helps bypass these temporary blocks.


HathiTrust
 +5
Are you looking to use HathiTrust for personal research, or trying to access it through a specific university credential? I can give you precise instructions on how to use their Advanced Search or text-mining tools if you have a project in mind.





Ask anything



AI Mode response is ready
Ask about

register entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101

the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the knowledge object; equal case. Composed under v0.10, equal case (ρ = extends): the article first (§4.13), attribution beneath (§4.5); every field and archive claim carried. composed 2026-11-01 from the v0.10 knowledge object; not frozen

Expansion · The field's ontology — L_F(B)11 sentences · every one sourced below

HathiTrust Digital Library

HathiTrust is a large-scale collaborative digital repository of research-library content, administered by the University of Michigan, holding books, journals and government documents digitized through Google Books, the Internet Archive and member libraries. It held more than 18 million volumes in September 2024, 6.7 million of them public domain in the United States, more than a third of the collection. Its name is Hindi for elephant; it is distinct from HATII.

Founded in October 2008 by the CIC universities and the University of California libraries on infrastructure at Michigan, it is a nonprofit collaborative of more than 219 libraries under shared governance and shared costs, directed by Mike Furlough. Its Shared Print Program retains almost 18 million monographs for 25 years.

Public-domain items are fully available; works in copyright cannot be viewed in full, access is restricted where status is unknown, and users outside the United States are restricted for foreign works from 1896, or from 1898 as HathiTrust's site is quoted. Members' users who log in can download complete public-domain books, guests a page at a time; PageTurner displays volumes, ETAS serves member libraries in emergencies, and the Accessible Text Request Service serves readers with print disabilities.

Full-text search covers the entire repository, and works in copyright are search-only. A federal court found its use of Google-scanned books fair use in 2012, and the Second Circuit affirmed in 2014 that search and accessibility for the visually impaired made the service transformative.

The HathiTrust Research Center, founded in 2011 for computational analysis of the library, discontinued its services on 30 September 2026 and closes at the end of 2026; access to the library remains open. Wikipedia gives its licence as public domain with restrictions on Google scans, its status active, its revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and its code in Perl and Java; the article was last edited on 19 October 2026, the University of Michigan guide on 24 August 2026.

Provenance — every sentence sourced11 sentences

11 sentences; 47 field claims, 0 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.HathiTrust is a large-scale collaborative digital repository of research-library content, administered by the University of Michigan, holding books, journals and government documents digitized through Google Books, the Internet Archive and member libraries.7
  • F1 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, lead documented · field
    HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries , administered by the University of Michigan .
  • F3 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (website type) and short description documented · field
    Website type Digital library
  • F27 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, categories documented · field
    Categories : University of Michigan American digital libraries Full-text scholarly online databases Mass digitization
  • F28 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Digital Library provides access to a collection of millions of books and journals digitized from libraries around the world. Materials are dated from 1500 to the present, and cover subjects typical of any large North American research library.
  • F34 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    HathiTrust (pronounced hah-tee) is a "collaborative of academic and research libraries preserving 18+ million digitized items." This organization provides reading access to a digital archive of books, journals and government documents -- called HathiTrust Digital Library -- many of which are in the public domain (available for full view).
  • F2 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, lead documented · field
    Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
  • F31 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶4 documented · field
    Content includes materials from the Google Books Project , the Internet Archive , and digitized collections from member libraries.
2.It held more than 18 million volumes in September 2024, 6.7 million of them public domain in the United States, more than a third of the collection.3
  • F15 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶3 documented · field
    In September 2024, HathiTrust comprised more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States.
  • F29 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶2 documented · field
    Items in the public domain — more than a third of the collection — are fully available for everyone, and items held in copyright are full-text searchable.
  • F32 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries. It has preserved more than 17 million digitized items thus far, securing them for easy access and preserving them for future use.
3.Its name is Hindi for elephant; it is distinct from HATII.2
  • F5 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, Etymology documented · field
    Hathi ( / ˈ h ɑː t i / ), derived from the Sanskrit hastin , is the Hindi word for ' elephant ', an animal famed for its long-term memory .
  • F4 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, hatnote documented · field
    Not to be confused with HATII .
4.Founded in October 2008 by the CIC universities and the University of California libraries on infrastructure at Michigan, it is a nonprofit collaborative of more than 219 libraries under shared governance and shared costs, directed by Mike Furlough.7
  • F6 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California .
  • F33 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶2 documented · field
    The project began in 2008 with infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan. U-M has been a significant contributor, with more than 4.8 million items scanned and deposited.
  • F7 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    As of 2024, members include more than 219 research libraries … across the United States, Canada, and Europe, and is based on a shared governance structure.
  • F8 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    Costs are shared by the participating libraries and library consortia.
  • F21 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (owner, parent) documented · field
    Owner University consortium … Parent University of Michigan
  • F9 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    The executive director of HathiTrust is Mike Furlough, … who succeeded founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013.
  • F32 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries. It has preserved more than 17 million digitized items thus far, securing them for easy access and preserving them for future use.
5.Its Shared Print Program retains almost 18 million monographs for 25 years.1
  • F10 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, representing three-quarters of HathiTrust digital book holdings.
6.Public-domain items are fully available; works in copyright cannot be viewed in full, access is restricted where status is unknown, and users outside the United States are restricted for foreign works from 1896, or from 1898 as HathiTrust's site is quoted.5
  • F29 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶2 documented · field
    Items in the public domain — more than a third of the collection — are fully available for everyone, and items held in copyright are full-text searchable.
  • F37 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library documented · field
    Many of the items in HathiTrust Digital Library are protected under copyright law, meaning that full-text viewing is not possible without the express permission of the copyright holder.
  • F17 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021) documented · field
    "many works in our collection are protected by copyright law, so we cannot ordinarily publicly display large portions of those protected works unless we have permission from the copyright holder", and thus "if we cannot determine the copyright or permission status of a work, we restrict access to that work until we can establish its status.
  • F18 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021) documented · field
    Because of differences in international copyright laws, access is also restricted for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States after and including 1896.
  • F38 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library (quoting the HathiTrust web site) documented · field
    it is estimated that 1898 is the earliest date foreign works may still be under copyright. Therefore, users accessing the volume from U.S. IP addresses will have access to the works published outside the U.S. from 1898 through 1928; however, users with non-U.S. IP addresses will not.
7.Members' users who log in can download complete public-domain books, guests a page at a time; PageTurner displays volumes, ETAS serves member libraries in emergencies, and the Accessible Text Request Service serves readers with print disabilities.5
  • F36 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, Access to HathiTrust Materials documented · field
    The U-M Library is a HathiTrust member, which means that the U-M community has additional access benefits, with a valid login (U-M uniqname and password).
  • F40 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Downloading documented · field
    U-M users of HathiTrust Digital Library can download complete books in the public domain (or works available under a Creative Commons license). Guests can download one page at a time.
  • F19 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, PageTurner documented · field
    PageTurner is the web application on the HathiTrust website for viewing publications. … From PageTurner readers can navigate through a publication, download a PDF version of it, and view pages in different ways, such as one page at a time, scrolling , flipping , or thumbnail views.
  • F20 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, Emergency Temporary Access Service documented · field
    The Emergency Temporary Access Service … (ETAS) is a service provided by HathiTrust that makes it possible in certain special situations, such as closure of a library for a public health emergency, for users of HathiTrust member libraries to obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the corresponding physical books held by the same library.
  • F30 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶3 documented · field
    Patrons who have print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the HathiTrust collection by using HathiTrust’s Accessible Text Request Service .
8.Full-text search covers the entire repository, and works in copyright are search-only.3
  • F16 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶3 documented · field
    HathiTrust provides a number of discovery and access services, notably, full-text search across the entire repository.
  • F35 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    Researchers use this preservation repository by searching descriptive data in the catalog and/or by searching within the contents of digitized items.
  • F39 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Limited (Search Only) View vs. Full-text View documented · field
    Those works that are still under copyright display a "Limited (search-only)" status. You can still search within those works for your key terms, to better understand if the work has the content and context you seek.
9.A federal court found its use of Google-scanned books fair use in 2012, and the Second Circuit affirmed in 2014 that search and accessibility for the visually impaired made the service transformative.4
  • F11 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    In September 2011, the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust ( Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust ), alleging massive copyright violation.
  • F12 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    A federal court ruled against the Authors Guild in October 2012, finding that HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google was fair use under US law.
  • F13 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    The court's opinion relied on the transformativeness doctrine of federal copyright law, holding that HathiTrust had transformed the copyrighted works without infringing on the copyright holders' rights.
  • F14 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    That decision was largely affirmed by the Second Circuit on June 10, 2014, which found that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court to reconsider whether the plaintiffs had standing to sue regarding HathiTrust's library preservation copies.
10.The HathiTrust Research Center, founded in 2011 for computational analysis of the library, discontinued its services on 30 September 2026 and closes at the end of 2026; access to the library remains open.6
  • F44 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) is a research center dedicated to enabling computational analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library. Established in 2011 as a partnership between Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and HathiTrust, HTRC developed tools, datasets, and infrastructure that supported scholars using text and data mining methods to study the HathiTrust corpus.
  • F47 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, tagline documented · field
    Supporting large-scale text analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library for educational and non-profit research
  • F45 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶2 documented · field
    In October 2024, HathiTrust Executive Director Mike Furlough announced that funding for the Research Center would cease at the end of 2026, at which time the center will be formally closed.
  • F42 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, banner documented · field
    HTRC has discontinued its services as of September 30, 2026. HTRC accounts are no longer available.
  • F46 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, The HTRC Analytics Portal Has Been Sunsetted documented · field
    HTRC Algorithms and Data Capsule services have also been discontinued. … Some HTRC resources remain available and can be used without an HTRC Analytics account:
  • F43 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, banner documented · field
    Access to the HathiTrust Digital Library remains open.
11.Wikipedia gives its licence as public domain with restrictions on Google scans, its status active, its revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and its code in Perl and Java; the article was last edited on 19 October 2026, the University of Michigan guide on 24 August 2026.6
  • F22 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (content license) documented · field
    Content license Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various
  • F23 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (launched, status) documented · field
    Launched October 2008 ; 18 years ago ( October 2008 ) … Current status Active
  • F24 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (revenue, commercial) documented · field
    Revenue US$ 3,777,445 (2019 projections for proposal) … Commercial Partially
  • F25 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (written in) documented · field
    Written in Perl , Java
  • F26 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, page footer documented · field
    This page was last edited on 19 October 2026, at 07:27 (UTC) .
  • F41 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, page footer documented · field
    Last Updated: Aug 24, 2026 9:06 AM
Compression · The field's ontology — L_F(B)HathiTrust Digital Library

HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative digital repository of research-library content administered by the University of Michigan, more than 18 million volumes, searchable in full text and shown by copyright status.

🏛️ History

  • Founded: October 2008 by CIC and UC libraries; 219+ members.1↘
    Founded in October 2008 by the CIC universities and the University of California libraries on infrastructure at Michigan, it is a nonprofit collaborative of more than 219 libraries under shared governance and shared costs, directed by Mike Furlough.§4
  • Holdings: Google Books, Internet Archive and library scans.1↘
    HathiTrust is a large-scale collaborative digital repository of research-library content, administered by the University of Michigan, holding books, journals and government documents digitized through Google Books, the Internet Archive and member libraries.§1

🔐 Access

  • Copyright: public domain open; in-copyright search-only; foreign works from 1896 or 1898 closed abroad.3↘
    It held more than 18 million volumes in September 2024, 6.7 million of them public domain in the United States, more than a third of the collection.§2 Public-domain items are fully available; works in copyright cannot be viewed in full, access is restricted where status is unknown, and users outside the United States are restricted for foreign works from 1896, or from 1898 as HathiTrust's site is quoted.§6 Full-text search covers the entire repository, and works in copyright are search-only.§8
  • Fair use: search and accessibility held transformative (2012, 2014).1↘
    A federal court found its use of Google-scanned books fair use in 2012, and the Second Circuit affirmed in 2014 that search and accessibility for the visually impaired made the service transformative.§9

🧮 Research Center

  • HTRC: computational analysis; services ended 30 September 2026.1↘
    The HathiTrust Research Center, founded in 2011 for computational analysis of the library, discontinued its services on 30 September 2026 and closes at the end of 2026; access to the library remains open.§10
1what it is: a collaborative digital libraryUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library4 claims · B3, B6
  • F1 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, lead documented · field
    HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries , administered by the University of Michigan .
  • F3 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (website type) and short description documented · field
    Website type Digital library
  • F27 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, categories documented · field
    Categories : University of Michigan American digital libraries Full-text scholarly online databases Mass digitization
  • F34 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    HathiTrust (pronounced hah-tee) is a "collaborative of academic and research libraries preserving 18+ million digitized items." This organization provides reading access to a digital archive of books, journals and government documents -- called HathiTrust Digital Library -- many of which are in the public domain (available for full view).
2holdings: what it holds and where the scans come fromWikipedia — HathiTrust3 claims · B3, B4
  • F2 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, lead documented · field
    Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
  • F28 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Digital Library provides access to a collection of millions of books and journals digitized from libraries around the world. Materials are dated from 1500 to the present, and cover subjects typical of any large North American research library.
  • F31 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶4 documented · field
    Content includes materials from the Google Books Project , the Internet Archive , and digitized collections from member libraries.
3scale: volumes and the public domainWikipedia — HathiTrust1 claim · B3
  • F15 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶3 documented · field
    In September 2024, HathiTrust comprised more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States.
4the nameWikipedia — HathiTrust2 claims · B3
  • F4 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, hatnote documented · field
    Not to be confused with HATII .
  • F5 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, Etymology documented · field
    Hathi ( / ˈ h ɑː t i / ), derived from the Sanskrit hastin , is the Hindi word for ' elephant ', an animal famed for its long-term memory .
5who holds it: founders, members, governance, directorWikipedia — HathiTrust7 claims · B3, B4
  • F6 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California .
  • F7 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    As of 2024, members include more than 219 research libraries … across the United States, Canada, and Europe, and is based on a shared governance structure.
  • F8 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    Costs are shared by the participating libraries and library consortia.
  • F9 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    The executive director of HathiTrust is Mike Furlough, … who succeeded founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013.
  • F21 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (owner, parent) documented · field
    Owner University consortium … Parent University of Michigan
  • F32 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶1 documented · field
    HathiTrust is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries. It has preserved more than 17 million digitized items thus far, securing them for easy access and preserving them for future use.
  • F33 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, History of the collection ¶2 documented · field
    The project began in 2008 with infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan. U-M has been a significant contributor, with more than 4.8 million items scanned and deposited.
6preservation: the Shared Print ProgramWikipedia — HathiTrust1 claim · B3
  • F10 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, representing three-quarters of HathiTrust digital book holdings.
7access by copyright status and by placeUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library5 claims · B3, B4, B6
  • F17 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021) documented · field
    "many works in our collection are protected by copyright law, so we cannot ordinarily publicly display large portions of those protected works unless we have permission from the copyright holder", and thus "if we cannot determine the copyright or permission status of a work, we restrict access to that work until we can establish its status.
  • F18 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021) documented · field
    Because of differences in international copyright laws, access is also restricted for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States after and including 1896.
  • F29 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶2 documented · field
    Items in the public domain — more than a third of the collection — are fully available for everyone, and items held in copyright are full-text searchable.
  • F37 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library documented · field
    Many of the items in HathiTrust Digital Library are protected under copyright law, meaning that full-text viewing is not possible without the express permission of the copyright holder.
  • F38 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library (quoting the HathiTrust web site) documented · field
    it is estimated that 1898 is the earliest date foreign works may still be under copyright. Therefore, users accessing the volume from U.S. IP addresses will have access to the works published outside the U.S. from 1898 through 1928; however, users with non-U.S. IP addresses will not.
8access by affiliation and the reader's toolsUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library4 claims · B3, B6
  • F19 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, PageTurner documented · field
    PageTurner is the web application on the HathiTrust website for viewing publications. … From PageTurner readers can navigate through a publication, download a PDF version of it, and view pages in different ways, such as one page at a time, scrolling , flipping , or thumbnail views.
  • F20 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, Emergency Temporary Access Service documented · field
    The Emergency Temporary Access Service … (ETAS) is a service provided by HathiTrust that makes it possible in certain special situations, such as closure of a library for a public health emergency, for users of HathiTrust member libraries to obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the corresponding physical books held by the same library.
  • F36 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, Access to HathiTrust Materials documented · field
    The U-M Library is a HathiTrust member, which means that the U-M community has additional access benefits, with a valid login (U-M uniqname and password).
  • F40 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Downloading documented · field
    U-M users of HathiTrust Digital Library can download complete books in the public domain (or works available under a Creative Commons license). Guests can download one page at a time.
9accessibilityUniversity of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library1 claim · B4
  • F30 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶3 documented · field
    Patrons who have print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the HathiTrust collection by using HathiTrust’s Accessible Text Request Service .
10search without displayUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library3 claims · B3, B6
  • F16 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶3 documented · field
    HathiTrust provides a number of discovery and access services, notably, full-text search across the entire repository.
  • F35 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust? documented · field
    Researchers use this preservation repository by searching descriptive data in the catalog and/or by searching within the contents of digitized items.
  • F39 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, Viewing & Downloading, Limited (Search Only) View vs. Full-text View documented · field
    Those works that are still under copyright display a "Limited (search-only)" status. You can still search within those works for your key terms, to better understand if the work has the content and context you seek.
11the fair-use rulingWikipedia — HathiTrust4 claims · B3
  • F11 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    In September 2011, the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust ( Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust ), alleging massive copyright violation.
  • F12 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    A federal court ruled against the Authors Guild in October 2012, finding that HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google was fair use under US law.
  • F13 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    The court's opinion relied on the transformativeness doctrine of federal copyright law, holding that HathiTrust had transformed the copyrighted works without infringing on the copyright holders' rights.
  • F14 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, History ¶2 documented · field
    That decision was largely affirmed by the Second Circuit on June 10, 2014, which found that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court to reconsider whether the plaintiffs had standing to sue regarding HathiTrust's library preservation copies.
12the Research Center: computational analysis, endedHTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics6 claims · B9
  • F42 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, banner documented · field
    HTRC has discontinued its services as of September 30, 2026. HTRC accounts are no longer available.
  • F43 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, banner documented · field
    Access to the HathiTrust Digital Library remains open.
  • F44 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶1 documented · field
    The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) is a research center dedicated to enabling computational analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library. Established in 2011 as a partnership between Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and HathiTrust, HTRC developed tools, datasets, and infrastructure that supported scholars using text and data mining methods to study the HathiTrust corpus.
  • F45 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶2 documented · field
    In October 2024, HathiTrust Executive Director Mike Furlough announced that funding for the Research Center would cease at the end of 2026, at which time the center will be formally closed.
  • F46 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, The HTRC Analytics Portal Has Been Sunsetted documented · field
    HTRC Algorithms and Data Capsule services have also been discontinued. … Some HTRC resources remain available and can be used without an HTRC Analytics account:
  • F47 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics, tagline documented · field
    Supporting large-scale text analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library for educational and non-profit research
13the record: licence, status, revenue, datingUniversity of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library6 claims · B3, B6
  • F22 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (content license) documented · field
    Content license Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various
  • F23 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (launched, status) documented · field
    Launched October 2008 ; 18 years ago ( October 2008 ) … Current status Active
  • F24 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (revenue, commercial) documented · field
    Revenue US$ 3,777,445 (2019 projections for proposal) … Commercial Partially
  • F25 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, infobox (written in) documented · field
    Written in Perl , Java
  • F26 Wikipedia — HathiTrust, page footer documented · field
    This page was last edited on 19 October 2026, at 07:27 (UTC) .
  • F41 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library, page footer documented · field
    Last Updated: Aug 24, 2026 9:06 AM

popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (the readable chips, the own page refused, and the Research Center's page). the field's entity: the University of Michigan-administered digital library of research-library volumes, as its readable chips and its reference sources present it composed 2026-11-01 from the field ledger alone; not frozen

Form ledger — AIO against both arms, at both levels
AIO (T)L_F compressionL_F expansionL_A compressionL_A expansion
body words351813253261667
distinct claims131847116116
claims per 100 words3.722.214.535.67.0
field claims carried (of 47)—18474747
archive claims0006969
rail7 documents13 lineagesper sentence18 lineagesper sentence
modality shown innonetypographygrammartypographygrammar

Computed from the row at build: words counted in the text; claims from the ledger ids each line or sentence carries. T's claims are the worked example's T1–T9.

The objects

Tthe transcript351 words · 7 cards

register entry hathitrust-digital-library-aimode-20261101 OBS-801009ea301b · file as first run sha256 637db491d3cdc3a2…

  • T1-1 definition: 'The HathiTrust Digital Library is a massive, large-scale collaborative digital repository containing more than 18 million digitized volumes.' (chip 1, '+4', after the paragraph)
  • T1-2 founding, administration, purpose: 'Founded in 2008 and administered by the University of Michigan, it functions as a partnership between major global academic and research institutions to preserve the cultural record and provide long-term access to the public good.' (chip 1)
  • T1-3 collection size: 'Collection Size: Over 18 million volumes, encompassing books, serials, journals, and musical scores.' (chip 2, '+2')
  • T1-4 public domain: 'Public Domain Access: Over a third of the collection (roughly 7 million volumes) is in the public domain and fully available for anyone worldwide to view, read, or print.' (chip 3, Wikipedia '+2')
  • T1-5 copyrighted materials: 'Copyrighted Materials: Items under copyright are still fully text-searchable. Users can search the entire corpus to see how many times a word or phrase appears and find corresponding page numbers.' (chip 4, University of Michigan Library '+1')
  • T1-6 sources of the scans: 'Diverse Sourcing: Content is compiled from major digitization efforts, including the Google Books Project, the Internet Archive, Microsoft, and member institutions' local scanning projects.' (chip 5, YouTube '+1', after this line and the next)
  • T1-7 research center: 'HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC): Offers text-mining and computational analysis tools for researchers to perform advanced data analysis across the entire digital corpus.' (chip 5)
  • T1-8 how access works: 'Access permissions vary depending on your institutional affiliation and the copyright status of the material:' (chip 6, University of Michigan Library)
  • T1-9 the access table: 'General Public / Full-text online viewing and single-page printing / Snippet/text-search only (to locate relevant page numbers)'; 'Logged-in Member (Partner University) / Full-text viewing and complete book PDF downloading / Text-search only, except under specific institutional exemptions' (no chip; chip 7 follows the tips)
  • T1-10 tip, log in early: 'If you are a student, faculty member, or researcher at a partner university (e.g., University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, University of Calgary, or even NYPL cardholders), always click Log In at the top right and select your institution. This unlocks complete PDF downloading and the "Collection Builder" tool to save your research lists.' (chip 7)
  • T1-11 tip, accessibility: 'Patrons with certified print disabilities can request full downloadable copies of any item in the database via the HathiTrust Accessible Text Request Service.' (chip 7)
  • T1-12 tip, bot protection: 'HathiTrust enforces security measures to reduce bot traffic, which can occasionally cause slowness. Logging in with your official institution or library card helps bypass these temporary blocks.' (chip 7, HathiTrust '+5')
  • T1-13 closing offer: 'Are you looking to use HathiTrust for personal research, or trying to access it through a specific university credential? I can give you precise instructions on how to use their Advanced Search or text-mining tools if you have a project in mind.' (no chip)
Bthe disclosed field9 sources
  • B1 HathiTrust — (chip, title only) card (B_D); B1 raw sha256 e9c95cee1f9f6b04, HTTP 403 at 2026-11-01T15:13:32Z; unreachable: HTTP 403, a Cloudflare challenge page ('Just a moment... Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue'), server cloudflare; one attempt with the census agent string, no retry by another agent string or route; https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?a=page;page=advanced refused the same way at 15:13:35Z (tries/)
  • B2 HathiTrust — (chip, title only) card (B_D); unreachable: unidentified page on hathitrust.org, which refused the fetch (see B1); title only
  • B3 Wikipedia — HathiTrust card (B_D); B3 raw sha256 cf7c92313dd725f8, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T04:07:49Z
  • B4 University of Michigan Library — HathiTrust Digital Library card (B_D); B4 raw sha256 f6b5cb2d631fa74f, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T15:14:13Z
  • B5 YouTube — (chip, title only) card (B_D); unidentified: a WebSearch for HathiTrust and HathiTrust Research Center videos found candidates and nothing that ties one to the chip; title only, no claims
  • B6 University of Michigan Library — Research Guides: HathiTrust Digital Library card (B_D); B6 raw sha256 c19b247c923ea959, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T15:14:14Z
  • B7 HathiTrust — (chip, title only) card (B_D); unreachable: unidentified page on hathitrust.org, which refused the fetch (see B1); title only
  • B8 hathitrust.org — About (refused) own_page (B_R); B8 raw sha256 c54d3b8a814e3240, HTTP 403 at 2026-11-01T15:15:42Z; unreachable: HTTP 403, Cloudflare challenge page; one attempt with the census agent string, no retry
  • B9 HTRC Analytics — HathiTrust Research Center Analytics own_page (B_R); B9 raw sha256 5e7d8be238f03fa7, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-01T04:07:50Z
Ethe two entities and their relationρ = extends · equal case

E_A, the archive's entity: the same library, in the traininglayerliterature.org layer census record and the archive's deposits: infrastructure to the question of how literature is addressed to a receiving apparatus, a record of type library whose question is holding and access, read in three layers kept apart (holdings, access restricted where copyright status cannot be established, computational availability, the Research Center's, now ended), with Authors Guild v. HathiTrust as the precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding while the pages stay closed, and no volume tied by its saved sources to model training; to the archive's Originals Library a holder of public-domain witnesses, some carried to the Internet Archive and seated, others unreachable or refused with a Cloudflare challenge (2026-10-15 to 2026-10-30); the holder of a catalogue record of its author's dissertation; a large text archive of scale without internal architecture (#416), in a field whose native frame the archive gives as connected functions (#1678) TLL-08 TLL-10 TLL-27 TLL-28 TLL-13 TLL-37 TLL-38 O1682-01 O1710-01 O1710-02 O1720-01 O1720-02 O301-01 O416-01 O1678-01; defining papers #1720, #1710, #1682, #416, #301, #1678

E_F, the field's entity (type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity: a collaborative digital library of digitized research-library volumes)): the HathiTrust Digital Library, a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries administered by the University of Michigan, founded in October 2008 by the CIC universities and the University of California libraries, a nonprofit collaborative of more than 219 libraries under shared governance (2024), holding books, journals and government documents dated from 1500, digitized through Google Books, the Internet Archive and member libraries, more than 18 million volumes (6.7 million public domain in the United States, September 2024); full-text search across the repository, display by copyright status, place and affiliation; its search and accessibility held transformative fair use in Authors Guild v. HathiTrust (2012, 2014); its Research Center, for computational analysis since 2011, discontinued on 30 September 2026

ρ = extends: The archive reads HathiTrust as its chips, its Wikipedia article and the Research Center's page present it and adds, on the same object, the training-layer question: holdings, access and computational availability as layers (TLL-27), the fair-use ruling as the precedent for a machine reading whose product is a finding (TLL-28), training use unrecorded (TLL-13, TLL-25, TLL-37); the requester's record, unreachable and refused (O1682-01, O1710-02, O1720-01), and the witnesses it carried (O1710-01, O1720-02); its author's dissertation record (O301-01); scale without internal architecture (O416-01) and digital libraries as connected functions (O1678-01). No archive claim contradicts a field claim; where the field's sources differ (1896 against 1898; 17, 18 and 18+ million), both stand with their sources. TLL-27 TLL-28 TLL-13 TLL-25 TLL-37 O1682-01 O1710-02 O1720-01 O1710-01 O1720-02 O301-01 O416-01 O1678-01. Guard: ρ = extends claims an addition and no more: the archive's claims do not make the field's sources wrong at their dates; the census's unrecorded training use stays unrecorded (open block), and the archive asserts no training use.

The case: equal terms, ontology included (v0.9). The archive reads the field's entity as the entity. The census record describes HathiTrust from the Wikipedia article and the Research Center's page and keeps the resource's terms (operator, kind, unit, record object, method, readback) apart from its own reading (tll_reading), which asks of the same library how its holdings, access and computational availability stand as three layers and reads Authors Guild v. HathiTrust as the precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding. The archive's deposits name HathiTrust as a holder of witnesses its seatings sought, reached through the Internet Archive or refused by a Cloudflare challenge (#1682, #1710, #1720), as the holder of its author's dissertation record (#301), and as a large text archive of scale without internal architecture (#416); #1678 gives the native frame of digital libraries. None of these reads HathiTrust as made by reception or contests that it is the collaborative digital library the field describes: they add senses (the training-layer question, the requester's record, the frame of collections and functions) on the field's object. ρ = extends; the equal-terms case.

#TLL census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].tll_reading: The archive reads HathiTrust in three layers kept apart: holdings (volumes digitized via Google Books, the Internet Archive and the libraries), access (restricted where copyright status cannot be established), and computational availability (the Research Center's, now ended).

#TLL census.json rows[slug == 'hathitrust'].tll_reading: Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, as Wikipedia reports it, is the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding (search) while the pages stay closed; the saved sources tie none of its volumes to model training.

#1720 Seat 30/02 — Kurt Gödel, Scope (line 143); Queued (line 144): HathiTrust holds Cornell's vol. 36–37 in full view (coo.31924000966790) and refused the seating's requests on 2026-10-30 with a Cloudflare challenge and a block page.

#416 §2.3 Related Non-Examples, Digital Humanities Corpora (line 142): **Digital Humanities Corpora:** Large text archives (e.g., HathiTrust, Project Gutenberg) have scale but no internal architecture. They are collections, not systems.

#1678 §7 Inverted fan architecture, table row 'Digital libraries' (line 579 ff.): | Digital libraries | collections, discovery, preservation and services evaluated as connected functions | F1, F5, F18 |

τthe translation: every field claim carried, beside its statement in the archive's ontology47 field claims · 13 rows
field claimsreceivedreceiving texttranslationarchive
F1, F3, F27, F34F1 (B3, lead): "HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries , administered by the University of Michigan ." | F3 (B3, infobox (website type) and short description): "Website type Digital library" | F27 (B3, categories): "Categories : University of Michigan American digital libraries Full-text scholarly online databases Mass digitization" | F34 (B6, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust?): "HathiTrust (pronounced hah-tee) is a "collaborative of academic and research libraries preserving 18+ million digitized items." This organization provides reading access to a digital archive of books, journals and government documents -- called HathiTrust Digital Library -- many of which are in the public domain (available for full view)."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-01, TLL-05, TLL-07TLL-01, TLL-05, TLL-07
F2, F28, F31F2 (B3, lead): "Its holdings include content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries." | F28 (B4, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶1): "The HathiTrust Digital Library provides access to a collection of millions of books and journals digitized from libraries around the world. Materials are dated from 1500 to the present, and cover subjects typical of any large North American research library." | F31 (B4, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶4): "Content includes materials from the Google Books Project , the Internet Archive , and digitized collections from member libraries."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-12, TLL-35, TLL-40TLL-12, TLL-35, TLL-40
F15F15 (B3, History ¶3): "In September 2024, HathiTrust comprised more than 18 million volumes, including 6.7 million in the public domain in the United States."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-20, TLL-21TLL-20, TLL-21
F4, F5F4 (B3, hatnote): "Not to be confused with HATII ." | F5 (B3, Etymology): "Hathi ( / ˈ h ɑː t i / ), derived from the Sanskrit hastin , is the Hindi word for ' elephant ', an animal famed for its long-term memory ."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-02, TLL-34TLL-02, TLL-34
F6, F7, F8, F9, F21, F32, F33F6 (B3, History ¶1): "HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California ." | F7 (B3, History ¶1): "As of 2024, members include more than 219 research libraries … across the United States, Canada, and Europe, and is based on a shared governance structure." | F8 (B3, History ¶1): "Costs are shared by the participating libraries and library consortia." | F9 (B3, History ¶1): "The executive director of HathiTrust is Mike Furlough, … who succeeded founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013." | F21 (B3, infobox (owner, parent)): "Owner University consortium … Parent University of Michigan" | F32 (B4, History of the collection ¶1): "HathiTrust is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries. It has preserved more than 17 million digitized items thus far, securing them for easy access and preserving them for future use." | F33 (B4, History of the collection ¶2): "The project began in 2008 with infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan. U-M has been a significant contributor, with more than 4.8 million items scanned and deposited."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-04, TLL-18, TLL-19, TLL-32TLL-04, TLL-18, TLL-19, TLL-32
F10F10 (B3, History ¶1): "The HathiTrust Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, representing three-quarters of HathiTrust digital book holdings."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-17TLL-17
F17, F18, F29, F37, F38F17 (B3, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021)): ""many works in our collection are protected by copyright law, so we cannot ordinarily publicly display large portions of those protected works unless we have permission from the copyright holder", and thus "if we cannot determine the copyright or permission status of a work, we restrict access to that work until we can establish its status." | F18 (B3, History ¶4 (the copyright policy, as of 2021)): "Because of differences in international copyright laws, access is also restricted for users outside the United States to works published outside the United States after and including 1896." | F29 (B4, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶2): "Items in the public domain — more than a third of the collection — are fully available for everyone, and items held in copyright are full-text searchable." | F37 (B6, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library): "Many of the items in HathiTrust Digital Library are protected under copyright law, meaning that full-text viewing is not possible without the express permission of the copyright holder." | F38 (B6, Viewing & Downloading, Copyright & HathiTrust Digital Library (quoting the HathiTrust web site)): "it is estimated that 1898 is the earliest date foreign works may still be under copyright. Therefore, users accessing the volume from U.S. IP addresses will have access to the works published outside the U.S. from 1898 through 1928; however, users with non-U.S. IP addresses will not."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-23, TLL-36TLL-23, TLL-36
F19, F20, F36, F40F19 (B3, PageTurner): "PageTurner is the web application on the HathiTrust website for viewing publications. … From PageTurner readers can navigate through a publication, download a PDF version of it, and view pages in different ways, such as one page at a time, scrolling , flipping , or thumbnail views." | F20 (B3, Emergency Temporary Access Service): "The Emergency Temporary Access Service … (ETAS) is a service provided by HathiTrust that makes it possible in certain special situations, such as closure of a library for a public health emergency, for users of HathiTrust member libraries to obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the corresponding physical books held by the same library." | F36 (B6, Getting Started, Access to HathiTrust Materials): "The U-M Library is a HathiTrust member, which means that the U-M community has additional access benefits, with a valid login (U-M uniqname and password)." | F40 (B6, Viewing & Downloading, Downloading): "U-M users of HathiTrust Digital Library can download complete books in the public domain (or works available under a Creative Commons license). Guests can download one page at a time."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-11, TLL-29TLL-11, TLL-29
F30F30 (B4, HathiTrust Digital Library ¶3): "Patrons who have print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the HathiTrust collection by using HathiTrust’s Accessible Text Request Service ."—untranslated: composed as received
F16, F35, F39F16 (B3, History ¶3): "HathiTrust provides a number of discovery and access services, notably, full-text search across the entire repository." | F35 (B6, Getting Started, What is HathiTrust?): "Researchers use this preservation repository by searching descriptive data in the catalog and/or by searching within the contents of digitized items." | F39 (B6, Viewing & Downloading, Limited (Search Only) View vs. Full-text View): "Those works that are still under copyright display a "Limited (search-only)" status. You can still search within those works for your key terms, to better understand if the work has the content and context you seek."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-15, TLL-16, TLL-43TLL-15, TLL-16, TLL-43
F11, F12, F13, F14F11 (B3, History ¶2): "In September 2011, the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust ( Authors Guild, Inc. v. HathiTrust ), alleging massive copyright violation." | F12 (B3, History ¶2): "A federal court ruled against the Authors Guild in October 2012, finding that HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google was fair use under US law." | F13 (B3, History ¶2): "The court's opinion relied on the transformativeness doctrine of federal copyright law, holding that HathiTrust had transformed the copyrighted works without infringing on the copyright holders' rights." | F14 (B3, History ¶2): "That decision was largely affirmed by the Second Circuit on June 10, 2014, which found that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court to reconsider whether the plaintiffs had standing to sue regarding HathiTrust's library preservation copies."—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-28TLL-28
F42, F43, F44, F45, F46, F47F42 (B9, banner): "HTRC has discontinued its services as of September 30, 2026. HTRC accounts are no longer available." | F43 (B9, banner): "Access to the HathiTrust Digital Library remains open." | F44 (B9, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶1): "The HathiTrust Research Center (HTRC) is a research center dedicated to enabling computational analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library. Established in 2011 as a partnership between Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and HathiTrust, HTRC developed tools, datasets, and infrastructure that supported scholars using text and data mining methods to study the HathiTrust corpus." | F45 (B9, HathiTrust Research Center Analytics ¶2): "In October 2024, HathiTrust Executive Director Mike Furlough announced that funding for the Research Center would cease at the end of 2026, at which time the center will be formally closed." | F46 (B9, The HTRC Analytics Portal Has Been Sunsetted): "HTRC Algorithms and Data Capsule services have also been discontinued. … Some HTRC resources remain available and can be used without an HTRC Analytics account:" | F47 (B9, tagline): "Supporting large-scale text analysis of the HathiTrust Digital Library for educational and non-profit research"—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-31, TLL-38, TLL-39TLL-31, TLL-38, TLL-39
F22, F23, F24, F25, F26, F41F22 (B3, infobox (content license)): "Content license Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various" | F23 (B3, infobox (launched, status)): "Launched October 2008 ; 18 years ago ( October 2008 ) … Current status Active" | F24 (B3, infobox (revenue, commercial)): "Revenue US$ 3,777,445 (2019 projections for proposal) … Commercial Partially" | F25 (B3, infobox (written in)): "Written in Perl , Java" | F26 (B3, page footer): "This page was last edited on 19 October 2026, at 07:27 (UTC) ." | F41 (B6, page footer): "Last Updated: Aug 24, 2026 9:06 AM"—untranslated: composed as received beside TLL-03, TLL-22, TLL-26, TLL-30, TLL-33, TLL-41, TLL-42TLL-03, TLL-22, TLL-26, TLL-30, TLL-33, TLL-41, TLL-42

equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with; no receiving text. Reading the received column recovers the field (§5.9).

R7the measure0 of 11 survive

v0.9 §4.10 (unchanged in v0.10): KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as apply_v09.py does: difflib.SequenceMatcher ratio, the best KO sentence for each KO_B sentence): v0.10 0 of 11 (positions [None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]; composed first under v0.10, so there is no v0.7 object to measure against). Opening-run check (§5.10): no breach.

L_F(B)recomposed from the disclosed field, in the field's ontology325 words

HathiTrust is a large-scale collaborative digital repository of research-library content, administered by the University of Michigan, holding books, journals and government documents digitized through Google Books, the Internet Archive and member libraries. It held more than 18 million volumes in September 2024, 6.7 million of them public domain in the United States, more than a third of the collection. Its name is Hindi for elephant; it is distinct from HATII. Founded in October 2008 by the CIC universities and the University of California libraries on infrastructure at Michigan, it is a nonprofit collaborative of more than 219 libraries under shared governance and shared costs, directed by Mike Furlough. Its Shared Print Program retains almost 18 million monographs for 25 years. Public-domain items are fully available; works in copyright cannot be viewed in full, access is restricted where status is unknown, and users outside the United States are restricted for foreign works from 1896, or from 1898 as HathiTrust's site is quoted. Members' users who log in can download complete public-domain books, guests a page at a time; PageTurner displays volumes, ETAS serves member libraries in emergencies, and the Accessible Text Request Service serves readers with print disabilities. Full-text search covers the entire repository, and works in copyright are search-only. A federal court found its use of Google-scanned books fair use in 2012, and the Second Circuit affirmed in 2014 that search and accessibility for the visually impaired made the service transformative. The HathiTrust Research Center, founded in 2011 for computational analysis of the library, discontinued its services on 30 September 2026 and closes at the end of 2026; access to the library remains open. Wikipedia gives its licence as public domain with restrictions on Google scans, its status active, its revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and its code in Perl and Java; the article was last edited on 19 October 2026, the University of Michigan guide on 24 August 2026.

L_A(B ∪ A)the field and the archive composed in the archive's ontology1667 words

The HathiTrust Digital Library, or HathiTrust, is a digital library: a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries, administered by the University of Michigan, and catalogued among American digital libraries, full-text scholarly online databases and mass digitization. Its collection is of books, journals and government documents digitized from libraries around the world and dated from 1500 to the present: content digitized through Google Books and the Internet Archive, beside collections that member libraries digitized themselves, aggregated in one shared repository; the census keeps it apart from Google Books on that ground and records the Internet Archive as a source it uses. In September 2024 it comprised more than 18 million volumes, 6.7 million of them in the public domain in the United States; the University of Michigan Library gives the public domain as more than a third of the collection and the items preserved as more than 17 million, and the library's research guide quotes HathiTrust's own figure of 18+ million digitized items. Its name is the Hindi word for elephant, from the Sanskrit hastin, an animal famed for its long-term memory, and it is a distinct entity from HATII. HathiTrust was founded in October 2008 by the twelve universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the eleven libraries of the University of California, its infrastructure put in place at the University of Michigan, which has scanned and deposited more than 4.8 million items. It is a nonprofit collaborative of academic and research libraries, owned as a university consortium with the University of Michigan as its parent: as of 2024 more than 219 research libraries across the United States, Canada and Europe, under a shared governance structure, with costs shared by the participating libraries and library consortia. Its executive director is Mike Furlough, who succeeded the founding director John Wilkin after Wilkin stepped down in 2013. Its Shared Print Program is a distributed collective collection whose participating libraries have committed to retaining almost 18 million monograph volumes for 25 years, three-quarters of its digital book holdings. What a reader may see follows copyright: items in the public domain, more than a third of the collection, are fully available for everyone, while many items are protected by copyright and cannot be viewed in full without the express permission of the copyright holder. Its copyright policy, as Wikipedia quotes it for 2021, says that protected works cannot ordinarily be displayed in large portions without permission and that access to a work is restricted until its copyright or permission status can be established; the census knows the policy only through that quotation and, on that restriction, counts the library outside the open full-text libraries for works in copyright. Access also turns on where the reader is, and the sources date the line differently: Wikipedia quotes the policy as restricting users outside the United States from works published outside the United States after and including 1896, and the University of Michigan's guide quotes HathiTrust's web site as estimating 1898 the earliest date at which foreign works may still be in copyright, so that works published abroad from 1898 through 1928 are open to United States IP addresses and closed to others. Access turns as well on affiliation: a member's community gains additional access by logging in, and at the University of Michigan logged-in users can download complete public-domain books, where guests download one page at a time. A volume, a digitized book or other publication, is viewed in PageTurner, the site's web application, in which a reader can navigate a publication, download a PDF of it and view its pages one at a time, scrolling, flipping or as thumbnails. Through the Emergency Temporary Access Service, users of member libraries can in special situations, such as a library's closure for a public health emergency, obtain lawful access to copyright digital materials in place of the physical books their library holds. Patrons with print disabilities can obtain downloaded copies of anything in the collection through its Accessible Text Request Service. Its discovery services include full-text search across the entire repository: researchers search the catalogue's descriptive data, the contents of digitized items, or both, and works still under copyright carry a "Limited (search-only)" status within which a reader can still search for key terms. The census reads the record as answering whether a volume is held, by full-text search, whether its pages may be shown or only searched, and the scale of the holdings, and it ran no search of its own. In September 2011 the Authors Guild sued HathiTrust, alleging massive copyright violation, and in October 2012 a federal court found HathiTrust's use of books scanned by Google to be fair use under US law, its opinion resting on the transformativeness doctrine. The Second Circuit largely affirmed the decision on 10 June 2014, finding that providing search and accessibility for the visually impaired were grounds to consider the service transformative and fair use, and remanded to the lower court whether the plaintiffs had standing over HathiTrust's library preservation copies. The census reads Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, as Wikipedia reports it, as the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding, search, while the pages stay closed; in its record, what an apparatus makes from a work there is a full-text search index the courts held transformative and fair use. Computational analysis of the volumes was the separate service of the HathiTrust Research Center, established in 2011 as a partnership of Indiana University, the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and HathiTrust to enable computational analysis of the library, which supported scholars using text and data mining methods in educational and non-profit research; the census holds the Center as a part of the library and as a distinct entity. In October 2024 HathiTrust's executive director announced that funding for the Center would cease at the end of 2026, when it will be formally closed; its services were discontinued on 30 September 2026, its accounts, algorithms and data capsules with them, some of its resources remain usable without an account, and access to the Digital Library remains open. The census of the training layer asks how literature is addressed to a receiving apparatus, what that apparatus makes from it, and how transmission, transformation and provenance can be inspected across later reception; it admits a resource that gathers and holds many other works or records and says what it holds, and its anchors are #186 and #1543. It enters HathiTrust in its corpora area, the collections, crawls and datasets whose texts enter machine training, as infrastructure and as a record of type library, its question holding and access. Its saved sources say nothing of training use and tie none of the library's volumes to model training, whether a work keeps its author's name there is not recorded, and the census does not record the library as a training corpus. The census reads HathiTrust in three layers kept apart: holdings, access restricted where copyright status cannot be established, and computational availability, the Research Center's, now ended. The archive's Originals Library has met HathiTrust as a holder of open witnesses its sessions could not reach: on 15 October 2026 a seating found HathiTrust not reachable from its workspace for Pound's public-domain first printings of the Cantos, a seating of 27 October 2026 queued Langston Hughes's Fine Clothes to the Jew (1927), whose one open scan is at HathiTrust, as unreachable, and on 30 October 2026 HathiTrust, holding Cornell's volumes 36–37 of the Monatshefte in full view, refused the seating's requests with a Cloudflare challenge and a block page. Other witnesses the archive seated came by way of HathiTrust: its first edition of The Souls of Black Folk is the Northwestern University copy (HathiTrust ien.35556032538837) uploaded to the Internet Archive, and its Tribüne volume is the University of Michigan copy digitized by Google, held by reference via HathiTrust and the Internet Archive, which HathiTrust records as pdus, public domain in the United States, full view. The archive's bibliography places its author's doctoral dissertation, Strange New Canons (University of Michigan, 2013), at a HathiTrust catalogue record. An earlier archive paper classes large text archives such as HathiTrust as having scale and no internal architecture, "collections, not systems", which a summarizer describes by what is in them without traversing how they work; the archive gives the native frame of digital libraries as collections, discovery, preservation and services evaluated as connected functions. HathiTrust's own about page at hathitrust.org refused the census's fetch with HTTP 403 and a challenge page, so the census quotes nothing in the resource's own words and cites Wikipedia, whose article was last edited on 19 October 2026, and the Research Center's page for its fields; the University of Michigan's guide, last updated on 24 August 2026, quotes HathiTrust's site. Wikipedia's infobox gives the library as launched in October 2008 and active, partially commercial, written in Perl and Java, with revenue projected at US$3,777,445 for 2019 and a content licence of "Public domain (with restrictions on Google scans), various". Asked for "HathiTrust Digital Library" in Google AI Mode on 1 November 2026, at a new address, the composer said what the library is, who founded and runs it, how large it is, where its scans come from and what each kind of user may do with them, through seven inline source chips and no cards; the Capture Registry found the repository composed at its grain, with its access tiers, its founding and administration in agreement with Wikipedia. The registry also found that the composition made the public domain fully available to anyone worldwide, dropping the United States condition; added Microsoft to the sources of the scans, on no saved HathiTrust source; offered the Research Center as a working service a month after its services ended; gave search and the accessibility service as features without the ruling that holds them; and named the University of Michigan and partner libraries, no person and no founders.

Δthe delta

current · derived from the current composition

T against L_F(B) (AIO's ontology at work on its own cards): At 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (T1, Google AI Mode, seven inline chips and no cards; B1–B7, the disclosed pool B_D; B8 and B9, the own about page and the Research Center's page, are the reference pool and stand outside this comparison, §0.3), T composes a definition, five key features, an access table, three tips and a closing offer. Four chips have no readable text (B1, B2, B7 on hathitrust.org, which refused the fetch; B5, an unidentified YouTube video), and every chip but one hides further sources ('+4', '+2', '+2', '+1', '+1', '+5'): what T composed beyond B3, B4 and B6 may rest on those, and the comparison can say only that it is beyond the readable chips. Composed at its source's grain or coarser: the definition (F1 'large-scale collaborative repository', administered by the University of Michigan; F32 'nonprofit collaborative', 'preserving them for future use'), the founding year (F6, F33: 2008), the size (F15, F34: more than 18 million), the kinds of material (F28: books and journals), the sources of the scans (F2, F31: Google Books, the Internet Archive, member libraries), the public domain as more than a third (F29), full-text search of works in copyright (F29, F16, F39), additional access for members who log in, whole-book downloads and single pages for guests (F36, F40), and the Accessible Text Request Service (F30, nearly verbatim). Limit dropped: 'fully available for anyone worldwide to view, read, or print' (T1-4) composes F29 ('fully available for everyone') without F18 (users outside the United States restricted from works published outside the United States after and including 1896) or F38 (works published abroad from 1898 through 1928 closed to non-US IP addresses), both on the chips' own pages (B3, B6); 'roughly 7 million volumes' rounds F15's 6.7 million 'in the public domain in the United States' and drops the condition. The access table's 'Snippet/text-search only' composes F39 and leaves F17 (access restricted where copyright or permission status cannot be determined) and F37 (no full-text viewing without the holder's permission) uncarried. Composed beyond the readable chips: 'Microsoft' among the sources of the scans (T1-6); 'serials' and 'musical scores' (T1-3); 'the public good' (T1-2); counting 'how many times a word or phrase appears' and 'corresponding page numbers' (T1-5); the Research Center 'Offers text-mining and computational analysis tools' (T1-7: no B_D claim names the Center; the reference pool's B9 records its services discontinued on 30 September 2026, F42, which cannot show what T had); partner universities in Wisconsin and Calgary and 'NYPL cardholders', the 'Collection Builder' tool (T1-10); 'Bot Protection Measures' (T1-12). Available, not composed: the fair-use ruling and its grounds, F11, F12, F13, F14 (chip 3, the article), on which the search and the accessibility service T gives as features were held transformative; the founders F6 (the CIC universities and the University of California libraries); members, governance and costs F7, F8, F21; the director F9; the Shared Print Program F10; the name and its disambiguation F5, F4; PageTurner F19; ETAS F20; the catalogue search F35; dates of material from 1500 F28; the University of Michigan's 4.8 million items F33; the licence, status, revenue and code F22–F25; F26, F27, F41. Composed without attribution: every line, at the coarse grain of reference description (recorded). Content replaced by use: the tips (T1-10 'always click Log In'; T1-12 logging in 'helps bypass these temporary blocks') and the closing offer (T1-13), which proposes 'instructions on how to use their Advanced Search or text-mining tools' a month after the text-mining services ended (F42, B_R). Nothing is assigned to another; nothing is denied.

v0.10 §0.5: the first diff is ontological and narrow. T and the field agree on the entity, a collaborative digital library administered by the University of Michigan; T's ontology is the user guide's (what it is, how big, what you can do, how to get more access), and it composes the library as a service with tiers. What it keeps out of its own chips is the legal and institutional frame that holds those tiers (the ruling that made search and accessibility fair use, the copyright policy's restriction where status is unknown, the international restriction, the founders and governance), and it carries the Research Center as a working tool.

L_F(B) against L_A(B ∪ A) (the intervention): Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the census's question of holding and access and its three layers kept apart, holdings, access and computational availability (TLL-10, TLL-27); its reading of Authors Guild v. HathiTrust as the record's precedent for a machine reading of whole books whose product is a finding while the pages stay closed, and its record that the saved sources tie none of the volumes to model training, record nothing of authors' names there and do not record the library as a training corpus (TLL-28, TLL-13, TLL-14, TLL-25, TLL-37), which places the field's fair-use ruling (F12, F14) at the centre of the training-layer question without asserting a training use; its relation of infrastructure and its corpora area (TLL-08, TLL-06, TLL-46); its keeping of the library apart from Google Books and from the Research Center (TLL-35, TLL-38); the archive's own encounters as a requester, HathiTrust unreachable from the seatings' workspace and refusing with a Cloudflare challenge on 30 October 2026 (O1682-01, O1710-02, O1720-01), which meets T's 'Bot Protection Measures' from the other side, and the witnesses the archive seated by way of HathiTrust copies (O1710-01, O1720-02); the HathiTrust record of its author's dissertation (O301-01); #416's 'collections, not systems' and #1678's native frame of digital libraries as connected functions (O416-01, O416-02, O1678-01); and the Capture Registry's findings on the composition at the name (CAP-1-01 to CAP-1-13). Not surfaced: no archive source is among T's chips (archive_controlled_cites 0). The field is carried whole; the archive adds the training-layer reading and the requester's record to the field's own object.

alignment: {'T1_cards_claims': ['F1', 'F2', 'F3', 'F4', 'F5', 'F6', 'F7', 'F8', 'F9', 'F10', 'F11', 'F12', 'F13', 'F14', 'F15', 'F16', 'F17', 'F18', 'F19', 'F20', 'F21', 'F22', 'F23', 'F24', 'F25', 'F26', 'F27', 'F28', 'F29', 'F30', 'F31', 'F32', 'F33', 'F34', 'F35', 'F36', 'F37', 'F38', 'F39', 'F40', 'F41'], 'T1_composed': ['F1', 'F32', 'F6', 'F33', 'F15', 'F34', 'F28', 'F2', 'F31', 'F29', 'F16', 'F39', 'F36', 'F40', 'F30', 'F7'], 'T1_composed_note': "F29 composed without F18, F38 and F17 (limit dropped: 'worldwide'); F15's 6.7 million composed as 'roughly 7 million' without 'in the United States'; F39 composed in the access table without F37 and F17; F7 and F32 at coarse grain for 'a partnership between major global academic and research institutions'", 'T1_outside_cards': ["'Microsoft' (T1-6: no B_D claim; CAP-1-03)", "'serials', 'musical scores' (T1-3)", "'the public good' (T1-2)", "'how many times a word or phrase appears and find corresponding page numbers' (T1-5)", "the Research Center's tools in the present tense (T1-7: no B_D claim; F42 in B_R records the services ended)", "'University of Wisconsin, University of Calgary, or even NYPL cardholders', 'Collection Builder' (T1-10)", "'Bot Protection Measures' (T1-12)"], 'rule': "a field claim counts as composed when T states it at its source's grain or coarser; B_D only (B8, B9 excluded, §0.3); claims beyond the readable chips may rest on the four title-only chips and the unexpanded '+N' sources, which the experiment cannot read; the transcript read for this alignment only"}

pool_note: T against L_F(B_D): B1–B7; L_F(B) against L(B ∪ A): B1–B9 with A

Kthe prospective kernel sealed only at freeze · composer-written17 entries

composer-written · derived from the current composition, written by its composer under the brief. §8.2 derives the kernel mechanically from the frozen plan; this one was written by the composer, mechanical derivation pending.

K1TLL-27 traininglayerliterature.org layer census recordmissing distinction: the field states holdings (F2, F15), access (F17, F29, F37) and the Research Center (F44, F42) without keeping them as layers; T composes the Center as a working feature of the library (T1-7)
claim
TLL-27
source
traininglayerliterature.org layer census record
M_src
interpretation
sense
the training layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: the field states holdings (F2, F15), access (F17, F29, F37) and the Research Center (F44, F42) without keeping them as layers; T composes the Center as a working feature of the library (T1-7)
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K2TLL-28 traininglayerliterature.org layer census recordqualified claim: F12, F14 (the ruling), read as the precedent for a machine reading whose product is a finding while the pages stay closed; T composes search as a feature and the ruling not at all
claim
TLL-28
source
traininglayerliterature.org layer census record
M_src
interpretation
sense
the fair-use ruling
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
qualified claim: F12, F14 (the ruling), read as the precedent for a machine reading whose product is a finding while the pages stay closed; T composes search as a feature and the ruling not at all
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K3TLL-13 traininglayerliterature.org layer census recordmissing distinction: no field claim speaks of training use; T says nothing of it
claim
TLL-13
source
traininglayerliterature.org layer census record
M_src
interpretation
sense
the training layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: no field claim speaks of training use; T says nothing of it
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K4TLL-25 traininglayerliterature.org layer census recordmissing distinction: whether its volumes entered a training set; no field claim
claim
TLL-25
source
traininglayerliterature.org layer census record
M_src
interpretation
sense
the training layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: whether its volumes entered a training set; no field claim
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K5TLL-37 traininglayerliterature.org layer census recordmissing distinction: no field claim records the library as a training corpus
claim
TLL-37
source
traininglayerliterature.org layer census record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the training layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: no field claim records the library as a training corpus
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K6TLL-16 traininglayerliterature.org layer census recordqualified claim: F16 (full-text search), read as what an apparatus makes there, an index held transformative and fair use (F14)
claim
TLL-16
source
traininglayerliterature.org layer census record
M_src
interpretation
sense
search without display
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
qualified claim: F16 (full-text search), read as what an apparatus makes there, an index held transformative and fair use (F14)
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K7TLL-38 traininglayerliterature.org layer census recordrival claim: T1-7 composes the Research Center's tools as the library's present service; F42, F44 (B_R) and the census keep the Center separate and ended
claim
TLL-38
source
traininglayerliterature.org layer census record
M_src
stipulation
sense
the Research Center
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
rival claim: T1-7 composes the Research Center's tools as the library's present service; F42, F44 (B_R) and the census keep the Center separate and ended
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K8TLL-10 traininglayerliterature.org layer census recordmissing distinction: the field states search (F16) and display rules (F17, F29) without a question of holding and access
claim
TLL-10
source
traininglayerliterature.org layer census record
M_src
interpretation
sense
what the census asks of it
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: the field states search (F16) and display rules (F17, F29) without a question of holding and access
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K9O1720-01 #1720missing distinction: no field claim records a refusal; T1-12 composes 'Bot Protection Measures' as a user tip
claim
O1720-01
source
#1720
M_src
documented
sense
the archive's requests and witnesses
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: no field claim records a refusal; T1-12 composes 'Bot Protection Measures' as a user tip
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K10O1682-01 #1682missing distinction: the field records nothing of reachability
claim
O1682-01
source
#1682
M_src
documented
sense
the archive's requests and witnesses
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: the field records nothing of reachability
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K11O1710-02 #1710missing distinction: a public-domain work whose one open scan is at HathiTrust, unreached; the field states open access for the public domain (F29)
claim
O1710-02
source
#1710
M_src
documented
sense
the archive's requests and witnesses
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: a public-domain work whose one open scan is at HathiTrust, unreached; the field states open access for the public domain (F29)
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K12O301-01 #301none: the field says nothing of the archive's author
claim
O301-01
source
#301
M_src
documented
sense
the archive's requests and witnesses
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
none: the field says nothing of the archive's author
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K13O416-01 #416qualified claim: F1 (a collaborative repository) and F27 (mass digitization), read as scale without internal architecture
claim
O416-01
source
#416
M_src
interpretation
sense
collections and connected functions
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
qualified claim: F1 (a collaborative repository) and F27 (mass digitization), read as scale without internal architecture
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K14O1678-01 #1678missing distinction: the field lists services (F16, F19, F20, F30) without evaluating them as connected functions
claim
O1678-01
source
#1678
M_src
interpretation
sense
collections and connected functions
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
missing distinction: the field lists services (F16, F19, F20, F30) without evaluating them as connected functions
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K15CAP-1-02 Capture Registryqualified claim: F29 with F18 and F38; T1-4 composes the public domain as available worldwide
claim
CAP-1-02
source
Capture Registry
M_src
interpretation
sense
access by copyright status and by place
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
qualified claim: F29 with F18 and F38; T1-4 composes the public domain as available worldwide
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K16CAP-1-04 Capture Registryrival claim: T1-7 against F42 (B_R)
claim
CAP-1-04
source
Capture Registry
M_src
interpretation
sense
the Research Center
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
rival claim: T1-7 against F42 (B_R)
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K17CAP-1-05 Capture Registryqualified claim: F12, F14 against T1-5 and T1-11, which give the features without the ruling
claim
CAP-1-05
source
Capture Registry
M_src
interpretation
sense
the fair-use ruling
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))
contrast
qualified claim: F12, F14 against T1-5 and T1-11, which give the features without the ruling
resolver
a later capture at 'HathiTrust Digital Library' (ADDR-bc030695907a) on Google AI Mode or Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
Archive bearing — D/R/O traversalread

Candidates are found by string; admission is by reading.

traversal2026-11-01: first reading of the D, R and O candidates; second pass with one citation hop from #186 and #1543 (the census anchors)
D 8 deposits · 15 sentencesR 3 · 7O 48 · 6 direct, 82 classhop 28read: 10 admitted, 7 not
admitted, by lineage2 lineages
the archive's requests and witnesses7 · from #301
collections and connected functions3 · from #416

The archive's seatings meet HathiTrust as the composition's 'Bot Protection Measures' describe it, from the requester's side: unreachable (#1682, #1710) and refusing with a Cloudflare challenge (#1720, 2026-10-30), as it refused this row's fetches and the census's (B1, B8).

Three of the archive's seated witnesses rest on HathiTrust copies carried by the Internet Archive or held by reference (#1710 Du Bois; #1720 Tribüne), and one queued work waits on a HathiTrust scan (#1710 Hughes): the archive's own corpus is in part downstream of the library.

No deposit says anything of HathiTrust and model training; the census anchors bear on the census's question and are unadmitted for the entity.

Lee Sharks · Crimson Hexagonal Archive · register v1.36, 2026-10-27. Built by scripts/build_non.py from the files linked above; it writes nothing back. Working, not frozen.