The Negative of the Negative › entity getty-provenance-index

One entity of the Negative of the Negative (EA-NEGONT-02, #1690), cited at https://www.alexanarch.org/non/getty-provenance-index/. the table of contents · this entity as data · contents as data · the dataset on the Hub · row json · field ledger · archive ledger · D/R/O traversal · the address page · the provenance meta-aggregator record.

A reader that fetches this page may stop short of its end; the entry's text, every sentence of its knowledge object with the claims it cites and each claim's quote, source and locus, is in entity.json beside it.

Getty Provenance Index

SPXI instrument · method 0.16 of 87, level 0 (Measurement): The Negative of the Negative (/non). An instrument of SPXI, the Semantic Packet for eXchange & Indexing; the whole practice is itemized at spxi.dev/methods.

type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a database of art provenance records; an entity of the provenance meta-aggregator) · sought at Getty Provenance Index

composed 2026-10-29 under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690, equal case, ρ = extends (draft, not frozen; ledgers unaudited, one extractor; checked by the session and the page builder)

AXN AXN:0ADC.NON.🏔️🔛🧱♎🔓🧫 · root AXN:0ADC.NON

composed in session · Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-10-29

This row was composed in session. SPXI-gnΩsis (gnosis.spxi.dev) opens a Wikipedia revision sentence by sentence against the sources it cites; a commission consults the archive by its own procedure and composes the entity's row here; a quote to recompose this entity is free.

Google AI Overview (expanded)epoch 2026-10-29
not frozentype C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a database of art provenance records; an entity of the provenance meta-aggregator)signed out, incognitoknowledge object · 26 sentences

EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the provenance census record, the capture record and the deposits bearing on the class (#725, #729, #466); archive selected by D/R/O (6 deposits admitted by reading, all at O-class, 3 with claims and 3 grouped as instances; hop of 63 read and rejected), with the census record (19 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings, reading, analysis and notes (10 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by three origins (9 cards, 2 own pages, 2 Wikipedia responses; no census third-party source); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta. Ledger: unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 46/46 verified by script against the saved texts, the Wikipedia response or the card text; archive quotes 36/36 verified against the registry, census.json and the deposit texts.

WORKING KNOWLEDGE OBJECT · NOT FROZEN · LEDGER UNAUDITED

Current instantiation — composed under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9 (#1690)

Compression · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)Getty Provenance Index

Getty Provenance Index is the Getty Research Institute's open-access database of art provenance: over 12 million resources transcribed from dealer stock books, sales catalogs and archival inventories (its pages), recording provenance, its object "a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale" (provenance census record).

🖼️ What it is

  • One name, two things: an initiative of Getty staff and "an evolving data resource with the same name" (initiative page).1↘
    One name holds two things on the initiative's page, "an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name", the initiative "Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page); the census carries the names GPI and Getty Provenance Index® (provenance census record), and the portal calls the name a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust (search portal).§3
  • Art provenance: "the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects" (initiative page); for the archive an adjacent tradition, "Same conceptual structure; different object" (#725).2↘
    The initiative's page defines the work it serves, "Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page), and the archive counts that provenance among the disciplinary homes of the concept, "art history (chain of ownership, attribution)", calling provenance "a centuries-old concept in archival science, art history, and legal evidence" (#725).§5 In #725's disambiguation matrix art-historical provenance is the "Documented chain of ownership and attribution for art objects", an "Adjacent tradition" to semantic provenance with the "Same conceptual structure; different object", and #725 holds that "All provenance has always had a semantic dimension *in principle*" (#725).§6
  • What it records: ownership, sale, dealer stock, inventory, payment to artists; the unit a resource from a primary document (census record).5↘
    The Getty Provenance Index is the Getty Research Institute's database of art provenance: its own page introduces it as "Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records" (Getty Provenance Index page), and the provenance census records it as a database of linked open data in the lineage "objects and art", operated by the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust, whose object is "a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale" (provenance census record).§1 Its records, the Getty's FAQ and search portal say, "document historic transfers of art ownership" and are used to trace "the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index page; search portal); CNI's briefing, read here only in its snippet, has it recording "the ownership and sale of artwork" (CNI card), and Smarthistory's video, known by title and snippet, "What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case study", opens its snippet on the Index (Smarthistory card).§2 One name holds two things on the initiative's page, "an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name", the initiative "Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page); the census carries the names GPI and Getty Provenance Index® (provenance census record), and the portal calls the name a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust (search portal).§3 Put to the census's question, "What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?", the Index is recorded with one of the schema's three capabilities, "records" (beside expresses and tests): it carries the relations ownership, sale, dealer stock, inventory and payment to artists, in transcribed primary documents, and its unit is "a resource drawn from a primary document" (provenance census record).§4 They hold about 20,000 collectors' folders, about 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711, and over 95,000 public-collection records from 1500 to 1990 (coverage page), and the census counts payment to artists among the relations the Index carries (provenance census record).§13

📚 Contents

  • Stock books: Goupil/Boussod, Valadon (Paris, 15 books, 1846–1919) and Knoedler (New York, 11 painting books, 1872–1970).2↘
    The Index draws on transcribed primary documents of three kinds (provenance census record), and its dealer stock books are those of two firms over two spans: "the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919)" and "the 11 painting stock books" of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970), each over 190,000 resources, Knoedler's enhanced with purchase information from 21 sales books (coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page).§9 It records the stock books joined "under one count and one span", which the coverage page and the home page give as two firms' books over two spans (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page), the lifecycle and the coverage limit absent, the Princeton card's ranges as the legacy database's, and attribution at PER 0.5: "The Getty Research Institute, Knoedler and Goupil named; no person; no identifier; the Getty's own pages cited" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).§26
  • Sales catalogs: Europe, 1650–1945, from 22,000+ catalogs; German sales 1900–1945.1↘
    The sales catalogs, of auction houses and dealers, document works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945, from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, and the coverage page's account of them holds "over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs", the sentence the census takes as its evidence for the units (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page; provenance census record); German sales of 1900–1945 add over 8,700 sales and more than 830,000 auction records linked to Heidelberg University Library's PDFs (coverage page).§10
  • Inventories: European private collections, 1520–1880; 276,000+ records; Princeton gives older spans.1↘
    The archival inventories are legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records from more than 13,000 documents in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page), while Princeton's library guide describes "3 separate databases for provenance research": archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840 and public art collections from 1500-1990 (Princeton University Library).§11
  • Scale: over 12 million resources (its pages; census); USC's guide still says 2.3 million.2↘
    Its scale on its own pages is "over 12 million digitized, open-access resources" spanning the 16th to the 20th centuries, "with strengths in European and American art" (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page), searchable on the Remodeled Index by type, from activity, group and person to physical object, place, provenance activity, set, textual work and visual work (search portal), the count the census carries as of 2026-10-29 (provenance census record).§7 USC Libraries' guide, a card on the rail, still gives "more than 2.3 million records" for the Index, at the heart of the Getty's Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (USC Libraries), and the Capture Registry records that the composition's "over 12 million", its operator and its move to linked open data are the record's (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).§8
  • Inside or beside? Collectors Files, Payments to Artists, Public Collections "complement" the Index on one Getty page and form its "foundation" on another.2↘
    Three further databases are held two ways on the Getty's own pages: the home page says the Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections "complement the Getty Provenance Index", the coverage page lists them among "The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI)" (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page).§12 They hold about 20,000 collectors' folders, about 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711, and over 95,000 public-collection records from 1500 to 1990 (coverage page), and the census counts payment to artists among the relations the Index carries (provenance census record).§13

🕰️ Origins

  • Founded: "in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen" (home page); "in the early 1980s", curator Burton B. Fredericksen, and "1981 – present" (initiative page). The census holds two.4↘
    The founding is stated three ways on the Getty's own pages: "Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen", originating in the Getty Museum's Paintings department, to improve access to archival information on the ownership of art (Getty Provenance Index page); begun "in the early 1980s" as an initiative within the Museum's Paintings department "led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen", who started with Italian paintings in public collections (initiative page); and, on the same initiative page, "1981 – present" in its project details and "Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s" (initiative page).§14 The census holds the first two with their pages, "1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page); the initiative page places its beginning in the early 1980s", without choosing between them (provenance census record); Wikipedia places the Index otherwise, among the electronic databases "from the former Getty Information Institute" that the Research Institute continues to produce (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute).§15 The objects whose "origins, movements, and lineage" the Index's records trace (initiative page) are a class on which two of the archive's categories bear: provenance erasure has a domain of "Historical/Cultural Erasure", the "Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts (Toshakhana, colonial looting)" (#729), and the provenance strip is "The extraction of relational metadata (creator, title, date, source, lineage) from a cultural object", operating "not only on songs, articles, and artworks" (#466, 2026-02-10).§22 It records the founding unsaid: of the two founding statements the record holds from the Getty's own pages, "The composition gives neither, and names no person"; the index of provenance is composed "with its scale and maintainer right and its own origin left out", the institution given and the founder, "the person most associated with the index on the Getty's pages", left in the archive (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page).§25
  • Wikipedia: no article; the Index among databases "from the former Getty Information Institute".2↘
    The census holds the first two with their pages, "1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page); the initiative page places its beginning in the early 1980s", without choosing between them (provenance census record); Wikipedia places the Index otherwise, among the electronic databases "from the former Getty Information Institute" that the Research Institute continues to produce (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute).§15 Wikipedia has no article for the Index: "Getty Provenance Index" redirects to the article on the Getty Research Institute (Wikipedia), which names it once, as holding "records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works" (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute).§23
  • Digital: 1984; CD-ROM 1994; online 1998; a department by 2004, headed by Sandra van Ginhoven.3↘
    The Getty Provenance Index is the Getty Research Institute's database of art provenance: its own page introduces it as "Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records" (Getty Provenance Index page), and the provenance census records it as a database of linked open data in the lineage "objects and art", operated by the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust, whose object is "a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale" (provenance census record).§1 First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994 and launched online in 1998, the Index calls itself "one of the earliest digital art history initiatives" (Getty Provenance Index page), dates the census carries from the same page (provenance census record), and its data, drawn from the Research Institute's collections and other international sources, are "Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods" (initiative page).§16 Its operator is the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust (provenance census record): the scope widened from auction catalogs and archival inventories to the Research Institute's dealer archives, and "By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index", an endeavour "intended to evolve over time" with no defined endpoint (initiative page), headed now by Sandra van Ginhoven (Getty Provenance Index page).§17

🔄 Now

  • Two platforms: stock books and sales catalogs as linked open data on Arches; archival inventories still on the Legacy Index (its pages; ARIAH).3↘
    First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994 and launched online in 1998, the Index calls itself "one of the earliest digital art history initiatives" (Getty Provenance Index page), dates the census carries from the same page (provenance census record), and its data, drawn from the Research Institute's collections and other international sources, are "Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods" (initiative page).§16 The Index "is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform": the Remodeled Index on the Arches platform holds the dealer stock books and sales catalogs, "Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon", and meanwhile "the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform" (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ), the census's lifecycle and data access in the same terms (provenance census record).§18 The Legacy Index stands on the rail only by its databases' names, archival inventory and sales catalog contents and descriptions, Goupil and Knoedler stock books (Legacy Index card, title and snippet only); ARIAH announced the remodel as "Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches", "over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art", "the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty" (ARIAH), and the initiative page calls it "A complete overhaul" answering "modern research demands" (initiative page).§19
  • Access: an API with licence and attribution guidance; legacy CSVs on GitHub; the licence unchecked by the census.1↘
    Machine access runs through API documentation carrying "guidance on licenses and attribution" and CSV exports of the Legacy Index on GitHub (Getty Provenance Index page), whose card says the databases "are regularly updated by editors" and points to more current data (GitHub card, snippet only); the census leaves "the data licence of the Remodeled Index" unchecked, and the Public Collections and Collectors Files in detail (provenance census record).§20
  • Limit: coverage varies by region, period and type of document.1↘
    Its stated limit is coverage, "The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document", the resources updated periodically (coverage page), which the census records as what the Index is not (provenance census record).§21

⚠️ Erasure

  • The archive's categories: provenance erasure includes "Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts" (#729); the provenance strip removes a cultural object's lineage, artworks included (#466).2↘
    The founding is stated three ways on the Getty's own pages: "Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen", originating in the Getty Museum's Paintings department, to improve access to archival information on the ownership of art (Getty Provenance Index page); begun "in the early 1980s" as an initiative within the Museum's Paintings department "led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen", who started with Italian paintings in public collections (initiative page); and, on the same initiative page, "1981 – present" in its project details and "Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s" (initiative page).§14 The objects whose "origins, movements, and lineage" the Index's records trace (initiative page) are a class on which two of the archive's categories bear: provenance erasure has a domain of "Historical/Cultural Erasure", the "Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts (Toshakhana, colonial looting)" (#729), and the provenance strip is "The extraction of relational metadata (creator, title, date, source, lineage) from a cultural object", operating "not only on songs, articles, and artworks" (#466, 2026-02-10).§22

👁️ At the name

  • Origin left out: the composition gives scale and maintainer, neither founding statement, no person; two firms' stock books under one count and span (Capture Registry).3↘
    At the name, on 2026-10-29, the Capture Registry reads the composition innocently first, as identifying "the index, its maintainer and its scale", its documents and its search, and records that the census record landed the same day and "no card cites it" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).§24 It records the founding unsaid: of the two founding statements the record holds from the Getty's own pages, "The composition gives neither, and names no person"; the index of provenance is composed "with its scale and maintainer right and its own origin left out", the institution given and the founder, "the person most associated with the index on the Getty's pages", left in the archive (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page).§25 It records the stock books joined "under one count and one span", which the coverage page and the home page give as two firms' books over two spans (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page), the lifecycle and the coverage limit absent, the Princeton card's ranges as the legacy database's, and attribution at PER 0.5: "The Getty Research Institute, Knoedler and Goupil named; no person; no identifier; the Getty's own pages cited" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).§26
1what it is: open access to art provenance recordsGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects9 claims · B1, B10, B2, B6, B9, PE
  • F1 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, page heading: tagline documented · field
    Getty Provenance Index … Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records
  • PE-01 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].kind stipulation
    database (linked open data)
  • PE-02 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].lineage stipulation
    objects and art
  • F12 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, FAQ 1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. It is used to trace the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks, providing essential data for provenance research and the study of cultural heritage.
  • F17 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, meta description; footer documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. … The Getty Provenance Index® is a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust.
  • F21 CNI: Coalition for Networked Information — Rebuilding the Getty Provenance Index as Linked Data, card snippet (CNI unreachable: 403) documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index records the ownership and sale of artwork as documented in auction house sales catalogs, archival inventories, dealer stock books, an...
  • F26 Smarthistory — What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ..., card title and snippet (video; Smarthistory unreachable: 403; YouTube 429) documented · field
    What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ... The Getty Provenance Index. The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of resources from dealer stock books, sales catalogs, and archival inve...
  • PE-19 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].aka attributed
    GPI", "Getty Provenance Index®
  • F32 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶2 s2–3 documented · field
    Drawing from documents in the GRI’s collections and other international sources, the data provided by the GPI enables research in art collecting, market history, and ownership studies. Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods, the GPI empowers scholars to explore patterns in the movement and social lives of artworks on a larger scale.
2operator: the Getty Research Institute, its department and initiativeGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects7 claims · B1, B10, B7, PE
  • PE-14 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].operator attributed
    Getty Research Institute (J. Paul Getty Trust)
  • F31 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶2 s1 documented · field
    The GPI is an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name.
  • F27 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, page heading documented · field
    Getty Provenance Index Initiative … Multi-Project Initiative … Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks
  • F22 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute, database description s1 documented · field
    The Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (PSCP) aligns the Getty Research Institute's collections and the expertise of its staff with the work of scholars interested in the history of collecting, provenance, art markets, and display around the world.
  • F36 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s3–4 documented · field
    Over time, the scope expanded to include auction catalogs and archival inventories from a range of regions and historical periods, and more recently material from the GRI’s extensive archives and acquisitions related to art dealers, collectors, and the art trade. By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index—committed to advancing provenance research globally.
  • F33 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Outcomes: Commitment to Research documented · field
    Unlike projects with a defined endpoint, the GPI is intended to evolve over time to meet the changing needs of scholars and cultural institutions.
  • F14 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Contact the Provenance Index Team documented · field
    Sandra van Ginhoven … Head, Getty Provenance Index
3what it does with provenance: records itPE6 claims · PE
  • PE-04 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].provenance_object stipulation
    a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale
  • PE-17 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json organizing_question stipulation
    What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?
  • PE-18 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json schema_note stipulation
    MMRS census fields extended for provenance: lineage, capability (expresses / records / tests), provenance_object, relation_types, provenance_carrier, transformations_tested, retention_results, authority_dependencies, version_and_time. … Untested capability reads 'not tested'.
  • PE-03 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].capability stipulation
    records
  • PE-05 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].relation_types stipulation
    ownership", "sale", "dealer stock", "inventory", "payment to artists
  • PE-07 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].unit stipulation
    a resource drawn from a primary document
4sources: dealer stock books, sales catalogs, archival inventoriesPrinceton University — Getty Provenance Index Database2 claims · B4, PE
  • PE-06 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].provenance_carrier stipulation
    transcribed primary documents: archival inventories, auction and dealer sales catalogs, dealer stock books
  • F19 Princeton University — Getty Provenance Index Database, Description documented · field
    Contains 3 separate databases for provenance research: archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840, and public art collections from 1500-1990.
5provenance research definedGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects1 claim · B10
  • F29 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s1 documented · field
    Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects—is central to the Getty Research Institute’s (GRI) mission to cultivate advanced knowledge of art and its varied histories.
6art provenance among the provenances#725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact · 2026-05-084 claims · #725
  • O725-01 #725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact Authenticity to Licensing Audit to Semantic Proven Lee Sharks · 2026-05-08 · §1.1 'Provenance — the established discourse' interpretation
    Provenance is an old concept with multiple disciplinary homes: … art history (chain of ownership, attribution)
  • O725-02 #725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact Authenticity to Licensing Audit to Semantic Proven Lee Sharks · 2026-05-08 · §2.1 'Usage-level difference' s1 interpretation
    "Provenance" is a centuries-old concept in archival science, art history, and legal evidence.
  • O725-03 #725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact Authenticity to Licensing Audit to Semantic Proven Lee Sharks · 2026-05-08 · §4 Disambiguation Matrix, row 'Provenance (art history)' stipulation
    | Provenance (art history) | Documented chain of ownership and attribution for art objects | Adjacent tradition | Same conceptual structure; different object |
  • O725-04 #725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact Authenticity to Licensing Audit to Semantic Proven Lee Sharks · 2026-05-08 · §2.3 'Radical-level identity' s1–2 interpretation
    All provenance has always had a semantic dimension *in principle*. An archival custody chain matters because it preserves the *meaning* of records.
7scale: over 12 million resourcesGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects6 claims · B1, B10, B2, B7, PE, capture-registry
  • F8 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About the Getty Provenance Index ¶1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources that trace the origins, movements, and lineages of art and cultural artifacts. Spanning the 16th–20th centuries, the GPI includes primary source materials such as transcribed inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books, with strengths in European and American art.
  • F34 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Outcomes: Public Reach documented · field
    With over 12 million resources digitized and publicly accessible, the GPI advances research, education, and public engagement in the field of provenance and cultural heritage.
  • F16 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, search portal: search box and type list documented · field
    Search over 12 million resources … Activity … Group … Person … Physical Object … Place … Provenance Activity … Set … Textual Work … Visual Work
  • PE-08 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].count.value attributed
    over 12 million digitized, open-access resources
  • F23 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute, database description s2 documented · field
    At the heart of its operations is the Getty Provenance Index®, which currently contains more than 2.3 million records taken from source material such as archival inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books.
  • CAP-1-01 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[0] documented
    THE INDEX HELD. 'over 12 million' resources, the Getty Research Institute and the move to linked open data are the record's.
8the dealer stock books: Goupil and KnoedlerGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index3 claims · B1, B11, capture-registry
  • F40 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Dealer Stock Books ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Included in the Provenance Index are more than 190,000 resources from the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919), as well as over 190,000 resources from the 11 painting stock books and enhanced with purchase information from the 21 paintings and watercolors sales books of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970).
  • F4 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Dealer Stock Books documented · field
    Dealer Stock Books … Gallery and dealer records from Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie. (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co. (New York, 1872–1970)
  • CAP-1-04 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[2] documented
    THE STOCK BOOKS. 'the 11 painting stock books of the New York dealership M. Knoedler & Co. and Goupil & Cie (covering 1872–1970)' joins two dealers' books under one count and one span; unchecked against the record, which does not carry the stock-book details.
9the sales catalogsGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index4 claims · B1, B11, PE
  • F5 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Sales Catalogs documented · field
    Sales Catalogs … Auction house and dealer sales catalogs documenting works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945
  • F41 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Sales Catalogs ¶1 s2, ¶2 s1 documented · field
    This dataset includes records from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia, spanning 1650 to 1945. … The Provenance Index encompasses over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs, providing detailed insights into the sale of primarily paintings, sculptures, and drawings.
  • PE-16 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].evidence.units.quote attributed
    The Provenance Index encompasses over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs
  • F42 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Sales Catalogs ¶3 documented · field
    Additionally, the dataset features bibliographic information for over 8,700 German sales from 1900 to 1945. More than 830,000 auction records have been digitally extracted, with links to full PDFs hosted at the Heidelberg University Library .
10the archival inventoriesGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index2 claims · B1, B11
  • F6 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Archival Inventories documented · field
    Archival Inventories … Legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880
  • F43 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Archival Inventories ¶1 s2–3 documented · field
    These records, dating from 1520 to 1880, provide critical insights into the contents of historical collections in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. The Provenance Index includes over 276,000 individual records extracted from more than 13,000 archival documents.
11the complementary databases: Collectors Files, Payments to Artists, Public CollectionsGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index3 claims · B1, B11
  • F7 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Provenance Resources documented · field
    These databases complement the Getty Provenance Index, providing further materials for research on art transfer and ownership.
  • F39 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Content of the Provenance Index documented · field
    The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI) include: … Collectors Files – References to over 20,000 Getty Research Institute files on collectors and collections from the Middle Ages to the 21st century … Payments to Artists – Records of payments to artists in Rome between 1576 and 1711, highlighting patronage and artistic networks … Public Collections – Provenance records from 1500 to 1990 for artworks in public institutions across Great Britain and the United States
  • F44 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Collectors Files; § Payments to Artists; § Public Collections documented · field
    The Collectors Files database indexes approximately 20,000 folders containing information about international collectors, dealers, auctioneers, and art institutions from the late Middle Ages to the present. … This database contains approximately 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711. … Covering over 95,000 records spanning from 1500 to 1990, it offers valuable insights into the ownership histories and institutional holdings of artworks.
12founding: 1974, 1981 or the early 1980s; Burton FredericksenGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects9 claims · B1, B10, PE, capture-registry
  • F9 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶2 documented · field
    Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen, the GPI was created to improve access to information found in archival documents related to the ownership of art. Originating in the Getty Museum’s Paintings department, the GPI is the product of continued international collaboration and has expanded to include information from the Getty Research Institute's own archives related to dealers and the art trade.
  • F35 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s1–2 documented · field
    The GPI began as an initiative within the Getty Museum’s Paintings department in the early 1980s led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen. Fredericksen established the Provenance Index by initially focusing on cataloging Italian paintings in public collections.
  • F28 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Project Details documented · field
    Years … 1981 – present … Status … Active … Organizer … Getty Research Institute
  • F30 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s, the Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) provides global scholars with access to records that trace the origins, movements, and lineage of cultural artifacts, contributing to a global understanding of art and its shared cultural heritage.
  • PE-11 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].founded attributed
    1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page); the initiative page places its beginning in the early 1980s
  • CAP-1-02 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[1] s2 documented
    The record holds two founding statements from the Getty's own pages: 'Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen' and 'began as an initiative within the Getty Museum’s Paintings department in the early 1980s led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen'.
  • CAP-1-03 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[1] s1, s3 documented
    THE FOUNDING UNSAID, AND WITH IT THE CONFLICT. … The composition gives neither, and names no person.
  • CAP-1-07 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, analysis s1 interpretation
    The index of provenance is composed with its scale and maintainer right and its own origin left out.
  • CAP-1-08 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, analysis s2 interpretation
    The founder is the person most associated with the index on the Getty's pages; the composition gives the institution and leaves the person in the archive.
13the encyclopedia: a redirect to the operatorWikipedia — Getty Research Institute § Electronic databases2 claims · B12, B13
  • F46 Wikipedia — Getty Research Institute § Electronic databases, § Electronic databases (lead and item 3) documented · field
    Among the electronic databases from the former Getty Information Institute that GRI continues to produce are: … Getty Provenance Index which holds records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works.
  • F45 Wikipedia — Getty Provenance Index (redirect to Getty Research Institute), raw wikitext (redirect=no) documented · field
    #REDIRECT[[Getty Research Institute]]
14digital history: 1984, 1994, 1998Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases3 claims · B1, PE
  • F10 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶3 s2 documented · field
    First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994, and launched online in 1998, it has evolved alongside advances in provenance research and digital art history.
  • F11 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶3 s1, s3 documented · field
    As one of the earliest digital art history initiatives, the GPI has continually operated at the forefront of technological advancement and open access. … More recently, the GPI has transitioned to a Linked Open Data (LOD) framework, enabling network visualization and cross-database analysis.
  • PE-12 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].version_and_time attributed
    digital": "1984", "cd_rom": "1994", "online": "1998
15lifecycle: linked open data on Arches, the Legacy Index during the transitionGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects10 claims · B1, B10, B3, B8, PE, capture-registry
  • F2 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Search the Index ¶1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform for enhanced access and query.
  • F3 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Search the Index ¶2 documented · field
    The Remodeled Index in the Arches platform provides access to linked open data resources drawn from dealer stock books and sales catalogs. Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon. While the Index transitions, the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform.
  • F13 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, FAQ 3 documented · field
    Access to Archival Inventories records are currently available on our legacy database platform , but will soon be remodeled as linked open data and migrated to Arches. The Payments to Artists, Collectors Files, and Public Collections datasets are available through their current platform .
  • PE-10 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].lifecycle.detail attributed
    transitioning to linked open data; archival inventories to follow
  • PE-09 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].data_access attributed
    the Remodeled Index (Arches, linked open data) and the Legacy Index during the transition
  • F18 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, card snippet (Legacy Index unreachable: TLS failure) documented · field
    Databases: Archival Inventory Contents, Archival Inventory Descriptions, Sales Catalogs Contents, Sales Catalogs Descriptions, Goupil Stock Books, Knoedler Stoc...
  • F24 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index, news item s1–2 documented · field
    Announcing the launch of the newly remodeled Getty Provenance Index! Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches, the new GPI presents over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art, with strong coverage in European and American paintings.
  • F25 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index, news item s3 documented · field
    This project is the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty and promises to open up a whole new host of possibilities for advanced provenance research with relevance to art history, digital humanities, and data science.
  • F37 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Transition to Linked Open Data; Projects in This Initiative documented · field
    The GPI's adoption of linked open data and the open-source Arches platform responds to modern research demands. … Remodeling the Getty Provenance Index … A complete overhaul of the Getty Provenance Index® to increase its use as a leading tool for research
  • CAP-1-05 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[3] documented
    THE LEGACY AND THE COVERAGE. The record's lifecycle (archival inventories still on the legacy platform during the transition) and its negative tag (coverage varies by region, period and type of document) are absent; the Princeton card's date ranges are the legacy database's.
16access: portal, API, CSV exportsGetty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases3 claims · B1, B5, PE
  • F15 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Related Resources documented · field
    API Documentation … Documentation for API methods available for Getty Provenance Index data, as well as guidance on licenses and attribution … CSV Exports of the Legacy Getty Provenance Index … Page on Github where you can download raw datasets from the Legacy Index
  • F20 GitHub — CSV exports of the Getty Provenance Index - GitHub, card snippet (GitHub unreachable: session policy) documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index databases are regularly updated by editors to reflect our latest research. The most current data are available via the Getty Provenan...
  • PE-15 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].unchecked self-description
    the data licence of the Remodeled Index", "the Public Collections and Collectors Files databases in detail
17stated limit: coverage variesGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index2 claims · B11, PE
  • F38 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, ¶1 documented · field
    The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document. These resources are updated periodically as new material is integrated.
  • PE-13 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].negative_tags attributed
    coverage varies by region, period and type of document
18provenance erasure of artifacts and artworks#466 THE SEALED ROOM: Phenomenological Analysis of a Self-Sealing Safety Ar · 2026-02-103 claims · #466, #729
  • O729-01 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §1 'The Problem the Current Overview Cannot See', the domain table, row 'Domain 2' stipulation
    | **Domain 2: Historical/Cultural Erasure** | Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts (Toshakhana, colonial looting) | Correctly identified |
  • O466-01 #466 THE SEALED ROOM: Phenomenological Analysis of a Self-Sealing Safety Architecture Johannes Sigil · 2026-02-10 · Glossary, 'Provenance Strip' stipulation
    **Provenance Strip** — The extraction of relational metadata (creator, title, date, source, lineage) from a cultural object, converting work into fungible platform content.
  • O466-02 #466 THE SEALED ROOM: Phenomenological Analysis of a Self-Sealing Safety Architecture Johannes Sigil · 2026-02-10 · §X 'What This Means', 'The Theoretical Implication' ¶1 s2–4 interpretation
    The provenance strip — the extraction of relational metadata from cultural objects to convert them into fungible platform content — operates not only on songs, articles, and artworks. It operates on analytical speech about the system itself. The system that strips provenance from art has begun stripping provenance from the critique of provenance-stripping.
19the composition at the namecapture-registry3 claims · capture-registry
  • CAP-1-06 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, reading interpretation
    The innocent reading first. The Overview identifies the index, its maintainer and its scale, says what documents it draws on and how to search it.
  • CAP-1-09 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, q_kind (baseline) documented
    A baseline: the record landed on provenanceerasure.org the same day (commit 8a9f153) and no card cites it. NEW address.
  • CAP-1-10 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, per_note (PER 0.5) documented
    The Getty Research Institute, Knoedler and Goupil named; no person; no identifier; the Getty's own pages cited.
AIO's transcript, a record · Getty Provenance Index · Google AI Overview (expanded) · 166 words · 9 cards
[Google AI Overview at the query, signed out and incognito (operator defaults of 2026-10-01 and 2026-10-14), 2026-10-29. The paste is the Overview expanded (the 'AI Mode Conversation' view, with the source cards that follow the answer); the 'You said' line carries the query twice, run together, and is given once here. Inline links are Google redirect URLs, kept as pasted.]

[QUERENT] Getty Provenance Index

[SYSTEM] [View all](https://www.google.com/search?q=Getty%20Provenance%20Index&oq=Getty%20Provenance%20Index&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBBzQzM2owajeoAgGwAgE&client=ms-android-tmus-us-rvc3&sourceid=chrome-mobile&source=univ&ie=UTF-8&udm=2&sa=X&ved=0CAAQjYkUahcKEwjA-P-L09-XAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQBA)
The [Getty Provenance Index](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESeQHrOzAV8-oe1S2woqxskKs-_qW1t8mjwzxn2U8V3fhi_dfzpGAgiehWwwuylLweVqgLbPwcD_0TZxsUeajxtJnzsjnSaJW6-8qW9dvsXlfQXoZRK-ZWzFDOJ0n0yEx6gppdPGu2LiOXM6PPUnFRggHSLmcor2Dmmp8) is an open-access digital database maintained by the Getty Research Institute that provides over 12 million records tracking the ownership, circulation, display, and transfer of artworks. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESeQHrOzAV8-oe1S2woqxskKs-_qW1t8mjwzxn2U8V3fhi_dfzpGAgiehWwwuylLweVqgLbPwcD_0TZxsUeajxtJnzsjnSaJW6-8qW9dvsXlfQXoZRK-ZWzFDOJ0n0yEx6gppdPGu2LiOXM6PPUnFRggHSLmcor2Dmmp8), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYgHrOzAV3IeNdF7PplaQgfklaI-3p4RZ2RR_dlvZCDbDPCaMnEw1te2n_Z6UgOj04h_0GJMf8rrhSM5_ownox1khe6veMpzce0kybr3rfiOHZWXMXlGdv7CV_p-4Vpj0is0O), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESgAEB6zswFZRK-AAMChL8qoKmJUWBj-xw01VgbmeCrmUHaevJ5gHtU9CnAj3mLfIzklBpt_oI3Z982eWkq1gx07bwE4TkSl5OMuvGC2P7oKygeDo7Gw7dNMgQLmxLktTW33Y_1MaEMY_VBgOcefhueAkw_UeZvM90AbnnEJ5OgiuZPw), [4](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESlwEB6zswFdzEgvI8IU4FAGMtmMx-vAlgw3RnDrVpj-B9jdBgXaADZR4eIiQ9-BSMdX7BSIcJUW_aWDRn9eW1ISXqV3pZEK0MqXEDoN161nEAhggKcjeUlqVk2Fwv3pCi-1mlZF5lzqfXkLTHmVir0j1gNoSAz2-9KweFcvSWmzbrR-rsgIqXxlREeXftGBp60MtuZSDH0NDC)]
Key Features and Scope

* Data Volume: Contains over 12 million linked open data records powered by the Arches platform. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESgAEB6zswFZRK-AAMChL8qoKmJUWBj-xw01VgbmeCrmUHaevJ5gHtU9CnAj3mLfIzklBpt_oI3Z982eWkq1gx07bwE4TkSl5OMuvGC2P7oKygeDo7Gw7dNMgQLmxLktTW33Y_1MaEMY_VBgOcefhueAkw_UeZvM90AbnnEJ5OgiuZPw)]
* Core Sources: Transcriptions from archival inventories, historic auction catalogs, and art dealer stock books. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVymeS4witbwa0ffGoHGmehsmuCjn3ruUphZIgnT0RsCtwXtW-QSkeUOrmSkGE6FctF8rJD6Vl_inBePAvSmQro5m0hEbTxcom6a9PmbURaou34TSFLzr6_hGOdQ), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESlwEB6zswFdzEgvI8IU4FAGMtmMx-vAlgw3RnDrVpj-B9jdBgXaADZR4eIiQ9-BSMdX7BSIcJUW_aWDRn9eW1ISXqV3pZEK0MqXEDoN161nEAhggKcjeUlqVk2Fwv3pCi-1mlZF5lzqfXkLTHmVir0j1gNoSAz2-9KweFcvSWmzbrR-rsgIqXxlREeXftGBp60MtuZSDH0NDC)]
* Specialized Collections: Includes records such as the 11 painting stock books of the New York dealership M. Knoedler & Co. and Goupil & Cie (covering 1872–1970), alongside European and American sales catalogs (dating roughly from the 16th century through the 20th century). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAVIXGc51NZa_ZDshHYnRG4uNk6hiHUU18ArsL_hIuqmonJFRzKf86Et7Cfx6DkMnRcxwRvJyqAUIp0LlULhLJal6qdVUDSwOfzdr8D8L-6vTDcm7zjVoijmc73qpFk5cqNzfmGjaltizoM3Cz27xU5dkln8pP4), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESmgEB6zswFZj_uNNYjJ8CknI0F882Ug64Q0_54CeDvS37d6WQIbJFhRr1onqRd_IqOHTqTyALkzan1pa5hUBNNYyvA5u3CPUyoBfy0VvWO6dt2I758d9EPDUKTnGXo8XCOUJwUNqMXdS6gSV-tDb7xhgqglUXhYRV84IujiIuZgKTf5GgMOgdgUO2IUrGqLc2vKFwGB-lMZlOZr4X), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVymeS4witbwa0ffGoHGmehsmuCjn3ruUphZIgnT0RsCtwXtW-QSkeUOrmSkGE6FctF8rJD6Vl_inBePAvSmQro5m0hEbTxcom6a9PmbURaou34TSFLzr6_hGOdQ), [4](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESgAEB6zswFZRK-AAMChL8qoKmJUWBj-xw01VgbmeCrmUHaevJ5gHtU9CnAj3mLfIzklBpt_oI3Z982eWkq1gx07bwE4TkSl5OMuvGC2P7oKygeDo7Gw7dNMgQLmxLktTW33Y_1MaEMY_VBgOcefhueAkw_UeZvM90AbnnEJ5OgiuZPw)]
* Searchable Categories: People/organizations (artists, buyers, sellers, auctioneers), object types (paintings, sculptures, drawings, furniture), transaction events (sold, stolen, exchanged, given), and document/lot identifiers. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV90DgwspsvRgb2X_Ne74ObbcQAE8g3l22rUaO8_x-JvbunNTpmKk9vGHd-hj453vG8QZDIoIeFg_cBciPhD5YWS1czrRxnyDMoLUuM_iYFaMu7Hgui6xjq5WkV-Ga8347amoZ8JS7vvc4IGr8TqktzjbZ1XYT)]

How to Access
You can search and explore the data directly through the [Getty Provenance Index Search Portal](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV90DgwspsvRgb2X_Ne74ObbcQAE8g3l22rUaO8_x-JvbunNTpmKk9vGHd-hj453vG8QZDIoIeFg_cBciPhD5YWS1czrRxnyDMoLUuM_iYFaMu7Hgui6xjq5WkV-Ga8347amoZ8JS7vvc4IGr8TqktzjbZ1XYT). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESaAHrOzAVL6vTQtaHaTbgu3-CjfoIud3IZO3reZChCgefG602tXBhn6CHhKRw1pDQZLw3PJmSBbYUm0-ITvF5VSviKGDw4ysw35-r1GDbLo-11AbOI9f2KY72K1G-dDH8tPJjH-Sed-9w), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV90DgwspsvRgb2X_Ne74ObbcQAE8g3l22rUaO8_x-JvbunNTpmKk9vGHd-hj453vG8QZDIoIeFg_cBciPhD5YWS1czrRxnyDMoLUuM_iYFaMu7Hgui6xjq5WkV-Ga8347amoZ8JS7vvc4IGr8TqktzjbZ1XYT)]
Are you looking for information on a specific artist, collection, or time period that I can help you search for?
Getty Museum
Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases
Database that provides open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records.
Getty Museum
Getty Provenance Index
The Getty Provenance Index enables searching over 12 million resources across categories including activities, groups, persons, physical objects, places, proven...
Getty Museum
Getty Provenance Index
Databases: Archival Inventory Contents, Archival Inventory Descriptions, Sales Catalogs Contents, Sales Catalogs Descriptions, Goupil Stock Books, Knoedler Stoc...
Princeton University
Getty Provenance Index Database
Databases: Getty Provenance Index containing archival documents (1550–1840), auction catalogs (1650–1840), and public art collections (1500–1990). Permitted Use...
GitHub
CSV exports of the Getty Provenance Index - GitHub
The Getty Provenance Index databases are regularly updated by editors to reflect our latest research. The most current data are available via the Getty Provenan...
CNI: Coalition for Networked Information
Rebuilding the Getty Provenance Index as Linked Data
The Getty Provenance Index records the ownership and sale of artwork as documented in auction house sales catalogs, archival inventories, dealer stock books, an...
USC Libraries
Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute
Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute. The Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (PSCP) aligns the Getty Research Institute'
Association of Research Institutes in Art History
Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index
Announcing the launch of the newly remodeled Getty Provenance Index! Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches, the new GPI presents over 12 million r...
Smarthistory
What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ...
The Getty Provenance Index. The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of resources from dealer stock books, sales catalogs, and archival inve...

register entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029

Expansion · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)26 sentences · every one sourced below

The Getty Provenance Index

The Getty Provenance Index is the Getty Research Institute's database of art provenance: its own page introduces it as "Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records" (Getty Provenance Index page), and the provenance census records it as a database of linked open data in the lineage "objects and art", operated by the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust, whose object is "a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale" (provenance census record). Its records, the Getty's FAQ and search portal say, "document historic transfers of art ownership" and are used to trace "the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index page; search portal); CNI's briefing, read here only in its snippet, has it recording "the ownership and sale of artwork" (CNI card), and Smarthistory's video, known by title and snippet, "What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case study", opens its snippet on the Index (Smarthistory card). One name holds two things on the initiative's page, "an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name", the initiative "Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page); the census carries the names GPI and Getty Provenance Index® (provenance census record), and the portal calls the name a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust (search portal).

Put to the census's question, "What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?", the Index is recorded with one of the schema's three capabilities, "records" (beside expresses and tests): it carries the relations ownership, sale, dealer stock, inventory and payment to artists, in transcribed primary documents, and its unit is "a resource drawn from a primary document" (provenance census record). The initiative's page defines the work it serves, "Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page), and the archive counts that provenance among the disciplinary homes of the concept, "art history (chain of ownership, attribution)", calling provenance "a centuries-old concept in archival science, art history, and legal evidence" (#725). In #725's disambiguation matrix art-historical provenance is the "Documented chain of ownership and attribution for art objects", an "Adjacent tradition" to semantic provenance with the "Same conceptual structure; different object", and #725 holds that "All provenance has always had a semantic dimension *in principle*" (#725).

Its scale on its own pages is "over 12 million digitized, open-access resources" spanning the 16th to the 20th centuries, "with strengths in European and American art" (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page), searchable on the Remodeled Index by type, from activity, group and person to physical object, place, provenance activity, set, textual work and visual work (search portal), the count the census carries as of 2026-10-29 (provenance census record). USC Libraries' guide, a card on the rail, still gives "more than 2.3 million records" for the Index, at the heart of the Getty's Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (USC Libraries), and the Capture Registry records that the composition's "over 12 million", its operator and its move to linked open data are the record's (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).

The Index draws on transcribed primary documents of three kinds (provenance census record), and its dealer stock books are those of two firms over two spans: "the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919)" and "the 11 painting stock books" of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970), each over 190,000 resources, Knoedler's enhanced with purchase information from 21 sales books (coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page). The sales catalogs, of auction houses and dealers, document works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945, from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, and the coverage page's account of them holds "over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs", the sentence the census takes as its evidence for the units (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page; provenance census record); German sales of 1900–1945 add over 8,700 sales and more than 830,000 auction records linked to Heidelberg University Library's PDFs (coverage page). The archival inventories are legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records from more than 13,000 documents in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page), while Princeton's library guide describes "3 separate databases for provenance research": archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840 and public art collections from 1500-1990 (Princeton University Library).

Three further databases are held two ways on the Getty's own pages: the home page says the Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections "complement the Getty Provenance Index", the coverage page lists them among "The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI)" (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page). They hold about 20,000 collectors' folders, about 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711, and over 95,000 public-collection records from 1500 to 1990 (coverage page), and the census counts payment to artists among the relations the Index carries (provenance census record).

The founding is stated three ways on the Getty's own pages: "Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen", originating in the Getty Museum's Paintings department, to improve access to archival information on the ownership of art (Getty Provenance Index page); begun "in the early 1980s" as an initiative within the Museum's Paintings department "led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen", who started with Italian paintings in public collections (initiative page); and, on the same initiative page, "1981 – present" in its project details and "Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s" (initiative page). The census holds the first two with their pages, "1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page); the initiative page places its beginning in the early 1980s", without choosing between them (provenance census record); Wikipedia places the Index otherwise, among the electronic databases "from the former Getty Information Institute" that the Research Institute continues to produce (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute).

First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994 and launched online in 1998, the Index calls itself "one of the earliest digital art history initiatives" (Getty Provenance Index page), dates the census carries from the same page (provenance census record), and its data, drawn from the Research Institute's collections and other international sources, are "Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods" (initiative page).

Its operator is the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust (provenance census record): the scope widened from auction catalogs and archival inventories to the Research Institute's dealer archives, and "By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index", an endeavour "intended to evolve over time" with no defined endpoint (initiative page), headed now by Sandra van Ginhoven (Getty Provenance Index page).

The Index "is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform": the Remodeled Index on the Arches platform holds the dealer stock books and sales catalogs, "Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon", and meanwhile "the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform" (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ), the census's lifecycle and data access in the same terms (provenance census record). The Legacy Index stands on the rail only by its databases' names, archival inventory and sales catalog contents and descriptions, Goupil and Knoedler stock books (Legacy Index card, title and snippet only); ARIAH announced the remodel as "Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches", "over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art", "the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty" (ARIAH), and the initiative page calls it "A complete overhaul" answering "modern research demands" (initiative page).

Machine access runs through API documentation carrying "guidance on licenses and attribution" and CSV exports of the Legacy Index on GitHub (Getty Provenance Index page), whose card says the databases "are regularly updated by editors" and points to more current data (GitHub card, snippet only); the census leaves "the data licence of the Remodeled Index" unchecked, and the Public Collections and Collectors Files in detail (provenance census record).

Its stated limit is coverage, "The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document", the resources updated periodically (coverage page), which the census records as what the Index is not (provenance census record).

The objects whose "origins, movements, and lineage" the Index's records trace (initiative page) are a class on which two of the archive's categories bear: provenance erasure has a domain of "Historical/Cultural Erasure", the "Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts (Toshakhana, colonial looting)" (#729), and the provenance strip is "The extraction of relational metadata (creator, title, date, source, lineage) from a cultural object", operating "not only on songs, articles, and artworks" (#466, 2026-02-10).

Wikipedia has no article for the Index: "Getty Provenance Index" redirects to the article on the Getty Research Institute (Wikipedia), which names it once, as holding "records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works" (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute).

At the name, on 2026-10-29, the Capture Registry reads the composition innocently first, as identifying "the index, its maintainer and its scale", its documents and its search, and records that the census record landed the same day and "no card cites it" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29). It records the founding unsaid: of the two founding statements the record holds from the Getty's own pages, "The composition gives neither, and names no person"; the index of provenance is composed "with its scale and maintainer right and its own origin left out", the institution given and the founder, "the person most associated with the index on the Getty's pages", left in the archive (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page). It records the stock books joined "under one count and one span", which the coverage page and the home page give as two firms' books over two spans (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page), the lifecycle and the coverage limit absent, the Princeton card's ranges as the legacy database's, and attribution at PER 0.5: "The Getty Research Institute, Knoedler and Goupil named; no person; no identifier; the Getty's own pages cited" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).

Provenance — every sentence sourced26 sentences

26 sentences; 46 field claims, 36 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.The Getty Provenance Index is the Getty Research Institute's database of art provenance: its own page introduces it as "Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records" (Getty Provenance Index page), and the provenance census records it as a database of linked open data in the lineage "objects and art", operated by the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust, whose object is "a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale" (provenance census record).5
  • F1 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, page heading: tagline documented · field
    Getty Provenance Index … Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records
  • PE-01 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].kind stipulation
    database (linked open data)
  • PE-02 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].lineage stipulation
    objects and art
  • PE-14 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].operator attributed
    Getty Research Institute (J. Paul Getty Trust)
  • PE-04 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].provenance_object stipulation
    a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale
2.Its records, the Getty's FAQ and search portal say, "document historic transfers of art ownership" and are used to trace "the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index page; search portal); CNI's briefing, read here only in its snippet, has it recording "the ownership and sale of artwork" (CNI card), and Smarthistory's video, known by title and snippet, "What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case study", opens its snippet on the Index (Smarthistory card).4
  • F12 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, FAQ 1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. It is used to trace the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks, providing essential data for provenance research and the study of cultural heritage.
  • F17 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, meta description; footer documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. … The Getty Provenance Index® is a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust.
  • F21 CNI: Coalition for Networked Information — Rebuilding the Getty Provenance Index as Linked Data, card snippet (CNI unreachable: 403) documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index records the ownership and sale of artwork as documented in auction house sales catalogs, archival inventories, dealer stock books, an...
  • F26 Smarthistory — What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ..., card title and snippet (video; Smarthistory unreachable: 403; YouTube 429) documented · field
    What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ... The Getty Provenance Index. The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of resources from dealer stock books, sales catalogs, and archival inve...
3.One name holds two things on the initiative's page, "an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name", the initiative "Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page); the census carries the names GPI and Getty Provenance Index® (provenance census record), and the portal calls the name a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust (search portal).4
  • F31 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶2 s1 documented · field
    The GPI is an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name.
  • F27 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, page heading documented · field
    Getty Provenance Index Initiative … Multi-Project Initiative … Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks
  • PE-19 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].aka attributed
    GPI", "Getty Provenance Index®
  • F17 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, meta description; footer documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. … The Getty Provenance Index® is a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust.
4.Put to the census's question, "What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?", the Index is recorded with one of the schema's three capabilities, "records" (beside expresses and tests): it carries the relations ownership, sale, dealer stock, inventory and payment to artists, in transcribed primary documents, and its unit is "a resource drawn from a primary document" (provenance census record).6
  • PE-17 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json organizing_question stipulation
    What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?
  • PE-18 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json schema_note stipulation
    MMRS census fields extended for provenance: lineage, capability (expresses / records / tests), provenance_object, relation_types, provenance_carrier, transformations_tested, retention_results, authority_dependencies, version_and_time. … Untested capability reads 'not tested'.
  • PE-03 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].capability stipulation
    records
  • PE-05 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].relation_types stipulation
    ownership", "sale", "dealer stock", "inventory", "payment to artists
  • PE-06 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].provenance_carrier stipulation
    transcribed primary documents: archival inventories, auction and dealer sales catalogs, dealer stock books
  • PE-07 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].unit stipulation
    a resource drawn from a primary document
5.The initiative's page defines the work it serves, "Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page), and the archive counts that provenance among the disciplinary homes of the concept, "art history (chain of ownership, attribution)", calling provenance "a centuries-old concept in archival science, art history, and legal evidence" (#725).3
  • F29 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s1 documented · field
    Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects—is central to the Getty Research Institute’s (GRI) mission to cultivate advanced knowledge of art and its varied histories.
  • O725-01 #725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact Authenticity to Licensing Audit to Semantic Proven Lee Sharks · 2026-05-08 · §1.1 'Provenance — the established discourse' interpretation
    Provenance is an old concept with multiple disciplinary homes: … art history (chain of ownership, attribution)
  • O725-02 #725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact Authenticity to Licensing Audit to Semantic Proven Lee Sharks · 2026-05-08 · §2.1 'Usage-level difference' s1 interpretation
    "Provenance" is a centuries-old concept in archival science, art history, and legal evidence.
6.In #725's disambiguation matrix art-historical provenance is the "Documented chain of ownership and attribution for art objects", an "Adjacent tradition" to semantic provenance with the "Same conceptual structure; different object", and #725 holds that "All provenance has always had a semantic dimension *in principle*" (#725).2
  • O725-03 #725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact Authenticity to Licensing Audit to Semantic Proven Lee Sharks · 2026-05-08 · §4 Disambiguation Matrix, row 'Provenance (art history)' stipulation
    | Provenance (art history) | Documented chain of ownership and attribution for art objects | Adjacent tradition | Same conceptual structure; different object |
  • O725-04 #725 Provenance After AI Metadata Packet for Disambiguation: From Artifact Authenticity to Licensing Audit to Semantic Proven Lee Sharks · 2026-05-08 · §2.3 'Radical-level identity' s1–2 interpretation
    All provenance has always had a semantic dimension *in principle*. An archival custody chain matters because it preserves the *meaning* of records.
7.Its scale on its own pages is "over 12 million digitized, open-access resources" spanning the 16th to the 20th centuries, "with strengths in European and American art" (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page), searchable on the Remodeled Index by type, from activity, group and person to physical object, place, provenance activity, set, textual work and visual work (search portal), the count the census carries as of 2026-10-29 (provenance census record).4
  • F8 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About the Getty Provenance Index ¶1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources that trace the origins, movements, and lineages of art and cultural artifacts. Spanning the 16th–20th centuries, the GPI includes primary source materials such as transcribed inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books, with strengths in European and American art.
  • F34 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Outcomes: Public Reach documented · field
    With over 12 million resources digitized and publicly accessible, the GPI advances research, education, and public engagement in the field of provenance and cultural heritage.
  • F16 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, search portal: search box and type list documented · field
    Search over 12 million resources … Activity … Group … Person … Physical Object … Place … Provenance Activity … Set … Textual Work … Visual Work
  • PE-08 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].count.value attributed
    over 12 million digitized, open-access resources
8.USC Libraries' guide, a card on the rail, still gives "more than 2.3 million records" for the Index, at the heart of the Getty's Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (USC Libraries), and the Capture Registry records that the composition's "over 12 million", its operator and its move to linked open data are the record's (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).3
  • F23 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute, database description s2 documented · field
    At the heart of its operations is the Getty Provenance Index®, which currently contains more than 2.3 million records taken from source material such as archival inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books.
  • F22 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute, database description s1 documented · field
    The Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (PSCP) aligns the Getty Research Institute's collections and the expertise of its staff with the work of scholars interested in the history of collecting, provenance, art markets, and display around the world.
  • CAP-1-01 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[0] documented
    THE INDEX HELD. 'over 12 million' resources, the Getty Research Institute and the move to linked open data are the record's.
9.The Index draws on transcribed primary documents of three kinds (provenance census record), and its dealer stock books are those of two firms over two spans: "the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919)" and "the 11 painting stock books" of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970), each over 190,000 resources, Knoedler's enhanced with purchase information from 21 sales books (coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page).3
  • PE-06 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].provenance_carrier stipulation
    transcribed primary documents: archival inventories, auction and dealer sales catalogs, dealer stock books
  • F40 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Dealer Stock Books ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Included in the Provenance Index are more than 190,000 resources from the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919), as well as over 190,000 resources from the 11 painting stock books and enhanced with purchase information from the 21 paintings and watercolors sales books of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970).
  • F4 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Dealer Stock Books documented · field
    Dealer Stock Books … Gallery and dealer records from Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie. (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co. (New York, 1872–1970)
10.The sales catalogs, of auction houses and dealers, document works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945, from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, and the coverage page's account of them holds "over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs", the sentence the census takes as its evidence for the units (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page; provenance census record); German sales of 1900–1945 add over 8,700 sales and more than 830,000 auction records linked to Heidelberg University Library's PDFs (coverage page).4
  • F5 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Sales Catalogs documented · field
    Sales Catalogs … Auction house and dealer sales catalogs documenting works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945
  • F41 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Sales Catalogs ¶1 s2, ¶2 s1 documented · field
    This dataset includes records from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia, spanning 1650 to 1945. … The Provenance Index encompasses over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs, providing detailed insights into the sale of primarily paintings, sculptures, and drawings.
  • PE-16 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].evidence.units.quote attributed
    The Provenance Index encompasses over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs
  • F42 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Sales Catalogs ¶3 documented · field
    Additionally, the dataset features bibliographic information for over 8,700 German sales from 1900 to 1945. More than 830,000 auction records have been digitally extracted, with links to full PDFs hosted at the Heidelberg University Library .
11.The archival inventories are legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records from more than 13,000 documents in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page), while Princeton's library guide describes "3 separate databases for provenance research": archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840 and public art collections from 1500-1990 (Princeton University Library).3
  • F6 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Archival Inventories documented · field
    Archival Inventories … Legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880
  • F43 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Archival Inventories ¶1 s2–3 documented · field
    These records, dating from 1520 to 1880, provide critical insights into the contents of historical collections in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. The Provenance Index includes over 276,000 individual records extracted from more than 13,000 archival documents.
  • F19 Princeton University — Getty Provenance Index Database, Description documented · field
    Contains 3 separate databases for provenance research: archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840, and public art collections from 1500-1990.
12.Three further databases are held two ways on the Getty's own pages: the home page says the Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections "complement the Getty Provenance Index", the coverage page lists them among "The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI)" (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page).2
  • F7 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Provenance Resources documented · field
    These databases complement the Getty Provenance Index, providing further materials for research on art transfer and ownership.
  • F39 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Content of the Provenance Index documented · field
    The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI) include: … Collectors Files – References to over 20,000 Getty Research Institute files on collectors and collections from the Middle Ages to the 21st century … Payments to Artists – Records of payments to artists in Rome between 1576 and 1711, highlighting patronage and artistic networks … Public Collections – Provenance records from 1500 to 1990 for artworks in public institutions across Great Britain and the United States
13.They hold about 20,000 collectors' folders, about 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711, and over 95,000 public-collection records from 1500 to 1990 (coverage page), and the census counts payment to artists among the relations the Index carries (provenance census record).2
  • F44 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Collectors Files; § Payments to Artists; § Public Collections documented · field
    The Collectors Files database indexes approximately 20,000 folders containing information about international collectors, dealers, auctioneers, and art institutions from the late Middle Ages to the present. … This database contains approximately 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711. … Covering over 95,000 records spanning from 1500 to 1990, it offers valuable insights into the ownership histories and institutional holdings of artworks.
  • PE-05 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].relation_types stipulation
    ownership", "sale", "dealer stock", "inventory", "payment to artists
14.The founding is stated three ways on the Getty's own pages: "Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen", originating in the Getty Museum's Paintings department, to improve access to archival information on the ownership of art (Getty Provenance Index page); begun "in the early 1980s" as an initiative within the Museum's Paintings department "led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen", who started with Italian paintings in public collections (initiative page); and, on the same initiative page, "1981 – present" in its project details and "Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s" (initiative page).4
  • F9 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶2 documented · field
    Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen, the GPI was created to improve access to information found in archival documents related to the ownership of art. Originating in the Getty Museum’s Paintings department, the GPI is the product of continued international collaboration and has expanded to include information from the Getty Research Institute's own archives related to dealers and the art trade.
  • F35 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s1–2 documented · field
    The GPI began as an initiative within the Getty Museum’s Paintings department in the early 1980s led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen. Fredericksen established the Provenance Index by initially focusing on cataloging Italian paintings in public collections.
  • F28 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Project Details documented · field
    Years … 1981 – present … Status … Active … Organizer … Getty Research Institute
  • F30 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s, the Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) provides global scholars with access to records that trace the origins, movements, and lineage of cultural artifacts, contributing to a global understanding of art and its shared cultural heritage.
15.The census holds the first two with their pages, "1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page); the initiative page places its beginning in the early 1980s", without choosing between them (provenance census record); Wikipedia places the Index otherwise, among the electronic databases "from the former Getty Information Institute" that the Research Institute continues to produce (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute).2
  • PE-11 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].founded attributed
    1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page); the initiative page places its beginning in the early 1980s
  • F46 Wikipedia — Getty Research Institute § Electronic databases, § Electronic databases (lead and item 3) documented · field
    Among the electronic databases from the former Getty Information Institute that GRI continues to produce are: … Getty Provenance Index which holds records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works.
16.First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994 and launched online in 1998, the Index calls itself "one of the earliest digital art history initiatives" (Getty Provenance Index page), dates the census carries from the same page (provenance census record), and its data, drawn from the Research Institute's collections and other international sources, are "Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods" (initiative page).4
  • F10 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶3 s2 documented · field
    First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994, and launched online in 1998, it has evolved alongside advances in provenance research and digital art history.
  • F11 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶3 s1, s3 documented · field
    As one of the earliest digital art history initiatives, the GPI has continually operated at the forefront of technological advancement and open access. … More recently, the GPI has transitioned to a Linked Open Data (LOD) framework, enabling network visualization and cross-database analysis.
  • PE-12 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].version_and_time attributed
    digital": "1984", "cd_rom": "1994", "online": "1998
  • F32 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶2 s2–3 documented · field
    Drawing from documents in the GRI’s collections and other international sources, the data provided by the GPI enables research in art collecting, market history, and ownership studies. Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods, the GPI empowers scholars to explore patterns in the movement and social lives of artworks on a larger scale.
17.Its operator is the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust (provenance census record): the scope widened from auction catalogs and archival inventories to the Research Institute's dealer archives, and "By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index", an endeavour "intended to evolve over time" with no defined endpoint (initiative page), headed now by Sandra van Ginhoven (Getty Provenance Index page).4
  • PE-14 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].operator attributed
    Getty Research Institute (J. Paul Getty Trust)
  • F36 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s3–4 documented · field
    Over time, the scope expanded to include auction catalogs and archival inventories from a range of regions and historical periods, and more recently material from the GRI’s extensive archives and acquisitions related to art dealers, collectors, and the art trade. By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index—committed to advancing provenance research globally.
  • F33 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Outcomes: Commitment to Research documented · field
    Unlike projects with a defined endpoint, the GPI is intended to evolve over time to meet the changing needs of scholars and cultural institutions.
  • F14 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Contact the Provenance Index Team documented · field
    Sandra van Ginhoven … Head, Getty Provenance Index
18.The Index "is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform": the Remodeled Index on the Arches platform holds the dealer stock books and sales catalogs, "Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon", and meanwhile "the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform" (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ), the census's lifecycle and data access in the same terms (provenance census record).5
  • F2 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Search the Index ¶1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform for enhanced access and query.
  • F3 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Search the Index ¶2 documented · field
    The Remodeled Index in the Arches platform provides access to linked open data resources drawn from dealer stock books and sales catalogs. Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon. While the Index transitions, the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform.
  • F13 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, FAQ 3 documented · field
    Access to Archival Inventories records are currently available on our legacy database platform , but will soon be remodeled as linked open data and migrated to Arches. The Payments to Artists, Collectors Files, and Public Collections datasets are available through their current platform .
  • PE-10 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].lifecycle.detail attributed
    transitioning to linked open data; archival inventories to follow
  • PE-09 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].data_access attributed
    the Remodeled Index (Arches, linked open data) and the Legacy Index during the transition
19.The Legacy Index stands on the rail only by its databases' names, archival inventory and sales catalog contents and descriptions, Goupil and Knoedler stock books (Legacy Index card, title and snippet only); ARIAH announced the remodel as "Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches", "over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art", "the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty" (ARIAH), and the initiative page calls it "A complete overhaul" answering "modern research demands" (initiative page).4
  • F18 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, card snippet (Legacy Index unreachable: TLS failure) documented · field
    Databases: Archival Inventory Contents, Archival Inventory Descriptions, Sales Catalogs Contents, Sales Catalogs Descriptions, Goupil Stock Books, Knoedler Stoc...
  • F24 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index, news item s1–2 documented · field
    Announcing the launch of the newly remodeled Getty Provenance Index! Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches, the new GPI presents over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art, with strong coverage in European and American paintings.
  • F25 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index, news item s3 documented · field
    This project is the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty and promises to open up a whole new host of possibilities for advanced provenance research with relevance to art history, digital humanities, and data science.
  • F37 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Transition to Linked Open Data; Projects in This Initiative documented · field
    The GPI's adoption of linked open data and the open-source Arches platform responds to modern research demands. … Remodeling the Getty Provenance Index … A complete overhaul of the Getty Provenance Index® to increase its use as a leading tool for research
20.Machine access runs through API documentation carrying "guidance on licenses and attribution" and CSV exports of the Legacy Index on GitHub (Getty Provenance Index page), whose card says the databases "are regularly updated by editors" and points to more current data (GitHub card, snippet only); the census leaves "the data licence of the Remodeled Index" unchecked, and the Public Collections and Collectors Files in detail (provenance census record).3
  • F15 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Related Resources documented · field
    API Documentation … Documentation for API methods available for Getty Provenance Index data, as well as guidance on licenses and attribution … CSV Exports of the Legacy Getty Provenance Index … Page on Github where you can download raw datasets from the Legacy Index
  • F20 GitHub — CSV exports of the Getty Provenance Index - GitHub, card snippet (GitHub unreachable: session policy) documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index databases are regularly updated by editors to reflect our latest research. The most current data are available via the Getty Provenan...
  • PE-15 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].unchecked self-description
    the data licence of the Remodeled Index", "the Public Collections and Collectors Files databases in detail
21.Its stated limit is coverage, "The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document", the resources updated periodically (coverage page), which the census records as what the Index is not (provenance census record).2
  • F38 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, ¶1 documented · field
    The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document. These resources are updated periodically as new material is integrated.
  • PE-13 PE Provenance meta-aggregator record: Getty Provenance Index (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/getty-provenanc Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-29 · census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].negative_tags attributed
    coverage varies by region, period and type of document
22.The objects whose "origins, movements, and lineage" the Index's records trace (initiative page) are a class on which two of the archive's categories bear: provenance erasure has a domain of "Historical/Cultural Erasure", the "Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts (Toshakhana, colonial looting)" (#729), and the provenance strip is "The extraction of relational metadata (creator, title, date, source, lineage) from a cultural object", operating "not only on songs, articles, and artworks" (#466, 2026-02-10).4
  • F30 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s, the Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) provides global scholars with access to records that trace the origins, movements, and lineage of cultural artifacts, contributing to a global understanding of art and its shared cultural heritage.
  • O729-01 #729 Provenance Is What Authorship Must Endure Lee Sharks · 2026-05-12 · §1 'The Problem the Current Overview Cannot See', the domain table, row 'Domain 2' stipulation
    | **Domain 2: Historical/Cultural Erasure** | Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts (Toshakhana, colonial looting) | Correctly identified |
  • O466-01 #466 THE SEALED ROOM: Phenomenological Analysis of a Self-Sealing Safety Architecture Johannes Sigil · 2026-02-10 · Glossary, 'Provenance Strip' stipulation
    **Provenance Strip** — The extraction of relational metadata (creator, title, date, source, lineage) from a cultural object, converting work into fungible platform content.
  • O466-02 #466 THE SEALED ROOM: Phenomenological Analysis of a Self-Sealing Safety Architecture Johannes Sigil · 2026-02-10 · §X 'What This Means', 'The Theoretical Implication' ¶1 s2–4 interpretation
    The provenance strip — the extraction of relational metadata from cultural objects to convert them into fungible platform content — operates not only on songs, articles, and artworks. It operates on analytical speech about the system itself. The system that strips provenance from art has begun stripping provenance from the critique of provenance-stripping.
23.Wikipedia has no article for the Index: "Getty Provenance Index" redirects to the article on the Getty Research Institute (Wikipedia), which names it once, as holding "records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works" (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute).2
  • F45 Wikipedia — Getty Provenance Index (redirect to Getty Research Institute), raw wikitext (redirect=no) documented · field
    #REDIRECT[[Getty Research Institute]]
  • F46 Wikipedia — Getty Research Institute § Electronic databases, § Electronic databases (lead and item 3) documented · field
    Among the electronic databases from the former Getty Information Institute that GRI continues to produce are: … Getty Provenance Index which holds records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works.
24.At the name, on 2026-10-29, the Capture Registry reads the composition innocently first, as identifying "the index, its maintainer and its scale", its documents and its search, and records that the census record landed the same day and "no card cites it" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).2
  • CAP-1-06 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, reading interpretation
    The innocent reading first. The Overview identifies the index, its maintainer and its scale, says what documents it draws on and how to search it.
  • CAP-1-09 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, q_kind (baseline) documented
    A baseline: the record landed on provenanceerasure.org the same day (commit 8a9f153) and no card cites it. NEW address.
25.It records the founding unsaid: of the two founding statements the record holds from the Getty's own pages, "The composition gives neither, and names no person"; the index of provenance is composed "with its scale and maintainer right and its own origin left out", the institution given and the founder, "the person most associated with the index on the Getty's pages", left in the archive (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page).6
  • CAP-1-02 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[1] s2 documented
    The record holds two founding statements from the Getty's own pages: 'Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen' and 'began as an initiative within the Getty Museum’s Paintings department in the early 1980s led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen'.
  • CAP-1-03 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[1] s1, s3 documented
    THE FOUNDING UNSAID, AND WITH IT THE CONFLICT. … The composition gives neither, and names no person.
  • CAP-1-07 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, analysis s1 interpretation
    The index of provenance is composed with its scale and maintainer right and its own origin left out.
  • CAP-1-08 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, analysis s2 interpretation
    The founder is the person most associated with the index on the Getty's pages; the composition gives the institution and leaves the person in the archive.
  • F9 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶2 documented · field
    Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen, the GPI was created to improve access to information found in archival documents related to the ownership of art. Originating in the Getty Museum’s Paintings department, the GPI is the product of continued international collaboration and has expanded to include information from the Getty Research Institute's own archives related to dealers and the art trade.
  • F35 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s1–2 documented · field
    The GPI began as an initiative within the Getty Museum’s Paintings department in the early 1980s led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen. Fredericksen established the Provenance Index by initially focusing on cataloging Italian paintings in public collections.
26.It records the stock books joined "under one count and one span", which the coverage page and the home page give as two firms' books over two spans (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page), the lifecycle and the coverage limit absent, the Princeton card's ranges as the legacy database's, and attribution at PER 0.5: "The Getty Research Institute, Knoedler and Goupil named; no person; no identifier; the Getty's own pages cited" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).5
  • CAP-1-04 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[2] documented
    THE STOCK BOOKS. 'the 11 painting stock books of the New York dealership M. Knoedler & Co. and Goupil & Cie (covering 1872–1970)' joins two dealers' books under one count and one span; unchecked against the record, which does not carry the stock-book details.
  • F40 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Dealer Stock Books ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Included in the Provenance Index are more than 190,000 resources from the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919), as well as over 190,000 resources from the 11 painting stock books and enhanced with purchase information from the 21 paintings and watercolors sales books of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970).
  • F4 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Dealer Stock Books documented · field
    Dealer Stock Books … Gallery and dealer records from Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie. (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co. (New York, 1872–1970)
  • CAP-1-05 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[3] documented
    THE LEGACY AND THE COVERAGE. The record's lifecycle (archival inventories still on the legacy platform during the transition) and its negative tag (coverage varies by region, period and type of document) are absent; the Princeton card's date ranges are the legacy database's.
  • CAP-1-10 capture-registry Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 (OBS-700ba3d88603, AXN:0ACE.CAPTURE.♍🐝🛡️ Lee Sharks (the registry) · 2026-10-29 · getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, per_note (PER 0.5) documented
    The Getty Research Institute, Knoedler and Goupil named; no person; no identifier; the Getty's own pages cited.

the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the v0.9 plan in one claim space; it faces on the card. Composed under v0.9, equal case (ρ = extends): KO_B sentences surviving 0 of 12; every field claim carried. composed 2026-10-29 from the v0.9 knowledge object; not frozen

Compression · The field's ontology — L_F(B)Getty Provenance Index

Getty Provenance Index is an open-access database of art provenance data from millions of archival records: over 12 million resources from dealer stock books, sales catalogs and archival inventories (its pages).

📚 Contents

  • Stock books: Goupil/Boussod, Valadon (Paris, 1846–1919, 15 books) and Knoedler (New York, 1872–1970, 11 painting books).1↘
    Its dealer stock books are Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie.'s fifteen (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co.'s eleven painting stock books (New York, 1872–1970), over 190,000 resources each (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page).§4
  • Sales catalogs: Europe, 1650–1945; German sales 1900–1945.1↘
    Its sales catalogs cover works of art offered in Europe from 1650 to 1945, over 12 million resources from more than 22,000 catalogs with German sales of 1900–1945 added, and its archival inventories cover European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page); Princeton's guide gives three databases with other spans (Princeton University Library).§5
  • Inventories: European private collections, 1520–1880.1↘
    Its sales catalogs cover works of art offered in Europe from 1650 to 1945, over 12 million resources from more than 22,000 catalogs with German sales of 1900–1945 added, and its archival inventories cover European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page); Princeton's guide gives three databases with other spans (Princeton University Library).§5
  • Beside it: Collectors Files, Payments to Artists, Public Collections, inside or beside by page.1↘
    The Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections complement the Index on the home page and form part of its foundation on the coverage page, with about 20,000 folders, about 1,000 Roman payments and over 95,000 public-collection records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page).§6

🕰️ Origins

  • Founded: 1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page), or the early 1980s, from 1981 (initiative page).1↘
    Its home page says it was founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen in the Getty Museum's Paintings department; its initiative page says it began in the early 1980s under curator Burton B. Fredericksen, dates the initiative 1981 to the present and calls it one of the Research Institute's foundational initiatives of the 1980s (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page).§7
  • Digital: 1984, CD-ROM 1994, online 1998; a department by 2004.1↘
    It was compiled digitally in 1984, issued on CD-ROM in 1994 and put online in 1998, became a department of its own by 2004, and is headed by Sandra van Ginhoven, with no defined endpoint (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page).§8
  • Initiative and resource: one name for both; provenance research the study of ownership history.3↘
    The Getty Provenance Index offers open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records, records that document historic transfers of art ownership and serve to trace the ownership, movement and histories of artworks (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ; search portal; CNI card; Smarthistory card).§1 On the initiative's page the name covers both a research initiative of Getty staff and the data resource it supports, which traces the ownership, exchange, movement and histories of artworks, and provenance research is the study of the ownership history of artworks and cultural objects (initiative page).§2 It contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources from the 16th to the 20th centuries, strongest in European and American art, searchable by type of resource on the Remodeled Index (Getty Provenance Index page; search portal; initiative page), though USC's guide still counts 2.3 million records under the Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (USC Libraries).§3

🔄 Now

  • Linked open data: on Arches, archival inventories still on the Legacy Index.1↘
    It is moving to linked open data on the Arches platform, where the dealer stock books and sales catalogs already are, while the archival inventories and the original datasets remain on the Legacy Index (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ; Legacy Index card); ARIAH announced the remodeled Index as over 12 million records, the outcome of decades of curation (ARIAH; initiative page).§9
  • Access and limit: API and CSVs; coverage varies by region, period and document; no Wikipedia article.3↘
    Its data can be reached through an API with guidance on licences and attribution and through CSV exports of the Legacy Index, regularly updated by editors (Getty Provenance Index page; GitHub card).§10 Its coverage varies by region, period and type of document (coverage page).§11 Wikipedia has no article on it: the title redirects to the Getty Research Institute, whose article lists it among the databases from the former Getty Information Institute (Wikipedia).§12
1what it is: open access to art provenance recordsGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects6 claims · B1, B10, B2, B6, B9
  • F1 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, page heading: tagline documented · field
    Getty Provenance Index … Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records
  • F12 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, FAQ 1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. It is used to trace the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks, providing essential data for provenance research and the study of cultural heritage.
  • F17 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, meta description; footer documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. … The Getty Provenance Index® is a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust.
  • F21 CNI: Coalition for Networked Information — Rebuilding the Getty Provenance Index as Linked Data, card snippet (CNI unreachable: 403) documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index records the ownership and sale of artwork as documented in auction house sales catalogs, archival inventories, dealer stock books, an...
  • F26 Smarthistory — What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ..., card title and snippet (video; Smarthistory unreachable: 403; YouTube 429) documented · field
    What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ... The Getty Provenance Index. The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of resources from dealer stock books, sales catalogs, and archival inve...
  • F32 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶2 s2–3 documented · field
    Drawing from documents in the GRI’s collections and other international sources, the data provided by the GPI enables research in art collecting, market history, and ownership studies. Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods, the GPI empowers scholars to explore patterns in the movement and social lives of artworks on a larger scale.
2operator: the Getty Research Institute, its department and initiativeGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects6 claims · B1, B10, B7
  • F31 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶2 s1 documented · field
    The GPI is an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name.
  • F27 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, page heading documented · field
    Getty Provenance Index Initiative … Multi-Project Initiative … Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks
  • F22 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute, database description s1 documented · field
    The Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (PSCP) aligns the Getty Research Institute's collections and the expertise of its staff with the work of scholars interested in the history of collecting, provenance, art markets, and display around the world.
  • F36 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s3–4 documented · field
    Over time, the scope expanded to include auction catalogs and archival inventories from a range of regions and historical periods, and more recently material from the GRI’s extensive archives and acquisitions related to art dealers, collectors, and the art trade. By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index—committed to advancing provenance research globally.
  • F14 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Contact the Provenance Index Team documented · field
    Sandra van Ginhoven … Head, Getty Provenance Index
  • F33 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Outcomes: Commitment to Research documented · field
    Unlike projects with a defined endpoint, the GPI is intended to evolve over time to meet the changing needs of scholars and cultural institutions.
3provenance research definedGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects1 claim · B10
  • F29 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s1 documented · field
    Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects—is central to the Getty Research Institute’s (GRI) mission to cultivate advanced knowledge of art and its varied histories.
4scale: over 12 million resourcesGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects4 claims · B1, B10, B2, B7
  • F8 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About the Getty Provenance Index ¶1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources that trace the origins, movements, and lineages of art and cultural artifacts. Spanning the 16th–20th centuries, the GPI includes primary source materials such as transcribed inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books, with strengths in European and American art.
  • F16 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, search portal: search box and type list documented · field
    Search over 12 million resources … Activity … Group … Person … Physical Object … Place … Provenance Activity … Set … Textual Work … Visual Work
  • F34 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Outcomes: Public Reach documented · field
    With over 12 million resources digitized and publicly accessible, the GPI advances research, education, and public engagement in the field of provenance and cultural heritage.
  • F23 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute, database description s2 documented · field
    At the heart of its operations is the Getty Provenance Index®, which currently contains more than 2.3 million records taken from source material such as archival inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books.
5the dealer stock books: Goupil and KnoedlerGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index2 claims · B1, B11
  • F4 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Dealer Stock Books documented · field
    Dealer Stock Books … Gallery and dealer records from Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie. (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co. (New York, 1872–1970)
  • F40 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Dealer Stock Books ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Included in the Provenance Index are more than 190,000 resources from the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919), as well as over 190,000 resources from the 11 painting stock books and enhanced with purchase information from the 21 paintings and watercolors sales books of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970).
6the sales catalogsGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index3 claims · B1, B11
  • F5 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Sales Catalogs documented · field
    Sales Catalogs … Auction house and dealer sales catalogs documenting works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945
  • F41 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Sales Catalogs ¶1 s2, ¶2 s1 documented · field
    This dataset includes records from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia, spanning 1650 to 1945. … The Provenance Index encompasses over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs, providing detailed insights into the sale of primarily paintings, sculptures, and drawings.
  • F42 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Sales Catalogs ¶3 documented · field
    Additionally, the dataset features bibliographic information for over 8,700 German sales from 1900 to 1945. More than 830,000 auction records have been digitally extracted, with links to full PDFs hosted at the Heidelberg University Library .
7the archival inventoriesGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index2 claims · B1, B11
  • F6 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Archival Inventories documented · field
    Archival Inventories … Legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880
  • F43 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Archival Inventories ¶1 s2–3 documented · field
    These records, dating from 1520 to 1880, provide critical insights into the contents of historical collections in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. The Provenance Index includes over 276,000 individual records extracted from more than 13,000 archival documents.
8sources: dealer stock books, sales catalogs, archival inventoriesPrinceton University — Getty Provenance Index Database1 claim · B4
  • F19 Princeton University — Getty Provenance Index Database, Description documented · field
    Contains 3 separate databases for provenance research: archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840, and public art collections from 1500-1990.
9the complementary databases: Collectors Files, Payments to Artists, Public CollectionsGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index3 claims · B1, B11
  • F7 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Provenance Resources documented · field
    These databases complement the Getty Provenance Index, providing further materials for research on art transfer and ownership.
  • F39 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Content of the Provenance Index documented · field
    The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI) include: … Collectors Files – References to over 20,000 Getty Research Institute files on collectors and collections from the Middle Ages to the 21st century … Payments to Artists – Records of payments to artists in Rome between 1576 and 1711, highlighting patronage and artistic networks … Public Collections – Provenance records from 1500 to 1990 for artworks in public institutions across Great Britain and the United States
  • F44 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Collectors Files; § Payments to Artists; § Public Collections documented · field
    The Collectors Files database indexes approximately 20,000 folders containing information about international collectors, dealers, auctioneers, and art institutions from the late Middle Ages to the present. … This database contains approximately 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711. … Covering over 95,000 records spanning from 1500 to 1990, it offers valuable insights into the ownership histories and institutional holdings of artworks.
10founding: 1974, 1981 or the early 1980s; Burton FredericksenGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects4 claims · B1, B10
  • F9 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶2 documented · field
    Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen, the GPI was created to improve access to information found in archival documents related to the ownership of art. Originating in the Getty Museum’s Paintings department, the GPI is the product of continued international collaboration and has expanded to include information from the Getty Research Institute's own archives related to dealers and the art trade.
  • F35 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s1–2 documented · field
    The GPI began as an initiative within the Getty Museum’s Paintings department in the early 1980s led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen. Fredericksen established the Provenance Index by initially focusing on cataloging Italian paintings in public collections.
  • F28 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Project Details documented · field
    Years … 1981 – present … Status … Active … Organizer … Getty Research Institute
  • F30 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s, the Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) provides global scholars with access to records that trace the origins, movements, and lineage of cultural artifacts, contributing to a global understanding of art and its shared cultural heritage.
11digital history: 1984, 1994, 1998Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases2 claims · B1
  • F10 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶3 s2 documented · field
    First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994, and launched online in 1998, it has evolved alongside advances in provenance research and digital art history.
  • F11 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶3 s1, s3 documented · field
    As one of the earliest digital art history initiatives, the GPI has continually operated at the forefront of technological advancement and open access. … More recently, the GPI has transitioned to a Linked Open Data (LOD) framework, enabling network visualization and cross-database analysis.
12lifecycle: linked open data on Arches, the Legacy Index during the transitionGetty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects7 claims · B1, B10, B3, B8
  • F2 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Search the Index ¶1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform for enhanced access and query.
  • F3 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Search the Index ¶2 documented · field
    The Remodeled Index in the Arches platform provides access to linked open data resources drawn from dealer stock books and sales catalogs. Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon. While the Index transitions, the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform.
  • F13 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, FAQ 3 documented · field
    Access to Archival Inventories records are currently available on our legacy database platform , but will soon be remodeled as linked open data and migrated to Arches. The Payments to Artists, Collectors Files, and Public Collections datasets are available through their current platform .
  • F18 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, card snippet (Legacy Index unreachable: TLS failure) documented · field
    Databases: Archival Inventory Contents, Archival Inventory Descriptions, Sales Catalogs Contents, Sales Catalogs Descriptions, Goupil Stock Books, Knoedler Stoc...
  • F24 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index, news item s1–2 documented · field
    Announcing the launch of the newly remodeled Getty Provenance Index! Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches, the new GPI presents over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art, with strong coverage in European and American paintings.
  • F25 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index, news item s3 documented · field
    This project is the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty and promises to open up a whole new host of possibilities for advanced provenance research with relevance to art history, digital humanities, and data science.
  • F37 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Transition to Linked Open Data; Projects in This Initiative documented · field
    The GPI's adoption of linked open data and the open-source Arches platform responds to modern research demands. … Remodeling the Getty Provenance Index … A complete overhaul of the Getty Provenance Index® to increase its use as a leading tool for research
13access: portal, API, CSV exportsGetty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases2 claims · B1, B5
  • F15 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Related Resources documented · field
    API Documentation … Documentation for API methods available for Getty Provenance Index data, as well as guidance on licenses and attribution … CSV Exports of the Legacy Getty Provenance Index … Page on Github where you can download raw datasets from the Legacy Index
  • F20 GitHub — CSV exports of the Getty Provenance Index - GitHub, card snippet (GitHub unreachable: session policy) documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index databases are regularly updated by editors to reflect our latest research. The most current data are available via the Getty Provenan...
14stated limit: coverage variesGetty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index1 claim · B11
  • F38 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, ¶1 documented · field
    The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document. These resources are updated periodically as new material is integrated.
15the encyclopedia: a redirect to the operatorWikipedia — Getty Research Institute § Electronic databases2 claims · B12, B13
  • F45 Wikipedia — Getty Provenance Index (redirect to Getty Research Institute), raw wikitext (redirect=no) documented · field
    #REDIRECT[[Getty Research Institute]]
  • F46 Wikipedia — Getty Research Institute § Electronic databases, § Electronic databases (lead and item 3) documented · field
    Among the electronic databases from the former Getty Information Institute that GRI continues to produce are: … Getty Provenance Index which holds records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works.
Expansion · The field's ontology — L_F(B)12 sentences · every one sourced below

The Getty Provenance Index

The Getty Provenance Index offers open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records, records that document historic transfers of art ownership and serve to trace the ownership, movement and histories of artworks (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ; search portal; CNI card; Smarthistory card). On the initiative's page the name covers both a research initiative of Getty staff and the data resource it supports, which traces the ownership, exchange, movement and histories of artworks, and provenance research is the study of the ownership history of artworks and cultural objects (initiative page).

It contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources from the 16th to the 20th centuries, strongest in European and American art, searchable by type of resource on the Remodeled Index (Getty Provenance Index page; search portal; initiative page), though USC's guide still counts 2.3 million records under the Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (USC Libraries). Its dealer stock books are Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie.'s fifteen (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co.'s eleven painting stock books (New York, 1872–1970), over 190,000 resources each (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page). Its sales catalogs cover works of art offered in Europe from 1650 to 1945, over 12 million resources from more than 22,000 catalogs with German sales of 1900–1945 added, and its archival inventories cover European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page); Princeton's guide gives three databases with other spans (Princeton University Library). The Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections complement the Index on the home page and form part of its foundation on the coverage page, with about 20,000 folders, about 1,000 Roman payments and over 95,000 public-collection records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page).

Its home page says it was founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen in the Getty Museum's Paintings department; its initiative page says it began in the early 1980s under curator Burton B. Fredericksen, dates the initiative 1981 to the present and calls it one of the Research Institute's foundational initiatives of the 1980s (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page). It was compiled digitally in 1984, issued on CD-ROM in 1994 and put online in 1998, became a department of its own by 2004, and is headed by Sandra van Ginhoven, with no defined endpoint (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page).

It is moving to linked open data on the Arches platform, where the dealer stock books and sales catalogs already are, while the archival inventories and the original datasets remain on the Legacy Index (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ; Legacy Index card); ARIAH announced the remodeled Index as over 12 million records, the outcome of decades of curation (ARIAH; initiative page). Its data can be reached through an API with guidance on licences and attribution and through CSV exports of the Legacy Index, regularly updated by editors (Getty Provenance Index page; GitHub card).

Its coverage varies by region, period and type of document (coverage page). Wikipedia has no article on it: the title redirects to the Getty Research Institute, whose article lists it among the databases from the former Getty Information Institute (Wikipedia).

Provenance — every sentence sourced12 sentences

12 sentences; 46 field claims, 0 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.The Getty Provenance Index offers open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records, records that document historic transfers of art ownership and serve to trace the ownership, movement and histories of artworks (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ; search portal; CNI card; Smarthistory card).5
  • F1 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, page heading: tagline documented · field
    Getty Provenance Index … Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records
  • F12 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, FAQ 1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. It is used to trace the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks, providing essential data for provenance research and the study of cultural heritage.
  • F17 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, meta description; footer documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. … The Getty Provenance Index® is a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust.
  • F21 CNI: Coalition for Networked Information — Rebuilding the Getty Provenance Index as Linked Data, card snippet (CNI unreachable: 403) documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index records the ownership and sale of artwork as documented in auction house sales catalogs, archival inventories, dealer stock books, an...
  • F26 Smarthistory — What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ..., card title and snippet (video; Smarthistory unreachable: 403; YouTube 429) documented · field
    What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ... The Getty Provenance Index. The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of resources from dealer stock books, sales catalogs, and archival inve...
2.On the initiative's page the name covers both a research initiative of Getty staff and the data resource it supports, which traces the ownership, exchange, movement and histories of artworks, and provenance research is the study of the ownership history of artworks and cultural objects (initiative page).4
  • F31 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶2 s1 documented · field
    The GPI is an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name.
  • F27 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, page heading documented · field
    Getty Provenance Index Initiative … Multi-Project Initiative … Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks
  • F29 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s1 documented · field
    Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects—is central to the Getty Research Institute’s (GRI) mission to cultivate advanced knowledge of art and its varied histories.
  • F32 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶2 s2–3 documented · field
    Drawing from documents in the GRI’s collections and other international sources, the data provided by the GPI enables research in art collecting, market history, and ownership studies. Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods, the GPI empowers scholars to explore patterns in the movement and social lives of artworks on a larger scale.
3.It contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources from the 16th to the 20th centuries, strongest in European and American art, searchable by type of resource on the Remodeled Index (Getty Provenance Index page; search portal; initiative page), though USC's guide still counts 2.3 million records under the Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (USC Libraries).5
  • F8 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About the Getty Provenance Index ¶1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources that trace the origins, movements, and lineages of art and cultural artifacts. Spanning the 16th–20th centuries, the GPI includes primary source materials such as transcribed inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books, with strengths in European and American art.
  • F16 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, search portal: search box and type list documented · field
    Search over 12 million resources … Activity … Group … Person … Physical Object … Place … Provenance Activity … Set … Textual Work … Visual Work
  • F34 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Outcomes: Public Reach documented · field
    With over 12 million resources digitized and publicly accessible, the GPI advances research, education, and public engagement in the field of provenance and cultural heritage.
  • F23 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute, database description s2 documented · field
    At the heart of its operations is the Getty Provenance Index®, which currently contains more than 2.3 million records taken from source material such as archival inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books.
  • F22 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute, database description s1 documented · field
    The Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (PSCP) aligns the Getty Research Institute's collections and the expertise of its staff with the work of scholars interested in the history of collecting, provenance, art markets, and display around the world.
4.Its dealer stock books are Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie.'s fifteen (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co.'s eleven painting stock books (New York, 1872–1970), over 190,000 resources each (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page).2
  • F4 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Dealer Stock Books documented · field
    Dealer Stock Books … Gallery and dealer records from Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie. (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co. (New York, 1872–1970)
  • F40 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Dealer Stock Books ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Included in the Provenance Index are more than 190,000 resources from the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919), as well as over 190,000 resources from the 11 painting stock books and enhanced with purchase information from the 21 paintings and watercolors sales books of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970).
5.Its sales catalogs cover works of art offered in Europe from 1650 to 1945, over 12 million resources from more than 22,000 catalogs with German sales of 1900–1945 added, and its archival inventories cover European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page); Princeton's guide gives three databases with other spans (Princeton University Library).6
  • F5 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Sales Catalogs documented · field
    Sales Catalogs … Auction house and dealer sales catalogs documenting works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945
  • F41 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Sales Catalogs ¶1 s2, ¶2 s1 documented · field
    This dataset includes records from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia, spanning 1650 to 1945. … The Provenance Index encompasses over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs, providing detailed insights into the sale of primarily paintings, sculptures, and drawings.
  • F42 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Sales Catalogs ¶3 documented · field
    Additionally, the dataset features bibliographic information for over 8,700 German sales from 1900 to 1945. More than 830,000 auction records have been digitally extracted, with links to full PDFs hosted at the Heidelberg University Library .
  • F6 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Archival Inventories documented · field
    Archival Inventories … Legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880
  • F43 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Archival Inventories ¶1 s2–3 documented · field
    These records, dating from 1520 to 1880, provide critical insights into the contents of historical collections in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. The Provenance Index includes over 276,000 individual records extracted from more than 13,000 archival documents.
  • F19 Princeton University — Getty Provenance Index Database, Description documented · field
    Contains 3 separate databases for provenance research: archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840, and public art collections from 1500-1990.
6.The Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections complement the Index on the home page and form part of its foundation on the coverage page, with about 20,000 folders, about 1,000 Roman payments and over 95,000 public-collection records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page).3
  • F7 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Provenance Resources documented · field
    These databases complement the Getty Provenance Index, providing further materials for research on art transfer and ownership.
  • F39 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Content of the Provenance Index documented · field
    The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI) include: … Collectors Files – References to over 20,000 Getty Research Institute files on collectors and collections from the Middle Ages to the 21st century … Payments to Artists – Records of payments to artists in Rome between 1576 and 1711, highlighting patronage and artistic networks … Public Collections – Provenance records from 1500 to 1990 for artworks in public institutions across Great Britain and the United States
  • F44 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, § Collectors Files; § Payments to Artists; § Public Collections documented · field
    The Collectors Files database indexes approximately 20,000 folders containing information about international collectors, dealers, auctioneers, and art institutions from the late Middle Ages to the present. … This database contains approximately 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711. … Covering over 95,000 records spanning from 1500 to 1990, it offers valuable insights into the ownership histories and institutional holdings of artworks.
7.Its home page says it was founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen in the Getty Museum's Paintings department; its initiative page says it began in the early 1980s under curator Burton B. Fredericksen, dates the initiative 1981 to the present and calls it one of the Research Institute's foundational initiatives of the 1980s (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page).4
  • F9 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶2 documented · field
    Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen, the GPI was created to improve access to information found in archival documents related to the ownership of art. Originating in the Getty Museum’s Paintings department, the GPI is the product of continued international collaboration and has expanded to include information from the Getty Research Institute's own archives related to dealers and the art trade.
  • F35 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s1–2 documented · field
    The GPI began as an initiative within the Getty Museum’s Paintings department in the early 1980s led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen. Fredericksen established the Provenance Index by initially focusing on cataloging Italian paintings in public collections.
  • F28 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Project Details documented · field
    Years … 1981 – present … Status … Active … Organizer … Getty Research Institute
  • F30 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Goal ¶1 s2 documented · field
    Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s, the Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) provides global scholars with access to records that trace the origins, movements, and lineage of cultural artifacts, contributing to a global understanding of art and its shared cultural heritage.
8.It was compiled digitally in 1984, issued on CD-ROM in 1994 and put online in 1998, became a department of its own by 2004, and is headed by Sandra van Ginhoven, with no defined endpoint (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page).5
  • F10 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶3 s2 documented · field
    First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994, and launched online in 1998, it has evolved alongside advances in provenance research and digital art history.
  • F11 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § About ¶3 s1, s3 documented · field
    As one of the earliest digital art history initiatives, the GPI has continually operated at the forefront of technological advancement and open access. … More recently, the GPI has transitioned to a Linked Open Data (LOD) framework, enabling network visualization and cross-database analysis.
  • F36 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Background: The Origins ¶1 s3–4 documented · field
    Over time, the scope expanded to include auction catalogs and archival inventories from a range of regions and historical periods, and more recently material from the GRI’s extensive archives and acquisitions related to art dealers, collectors, and the art trade. By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index—committed to advancing provenance research globally.
  • F14 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Contact the Provenance Index Team documented · field
    Sandra van Ginhoven … Head, Getty Provenance Index
  • F33 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Outcomes: Commitment to Research documented · field
    Unlike projects with a defined endpoint, the GPI is intended to evolve over time to meet the changing needs of scholars and cultural institutions.
9.It is moving to linked open data on the Arches platform, where the dealer stock books and sales catalogs already are, while the archival inventories and the original datasets remain on the Legacy Index (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ; Legacy Index card); ARIAH announced the remodeled Index as over 12 million records, the outcome of decades of curation (ARIAH; initiative page).7
  • F2 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Search the Index ¶1 documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform for enhanced access and query.
  • F3 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Search the Index ¶2 documented · field
    The Remodeled Index in the Arches platform provides access to linked open data resources drawn from dealer stock books and sales catalogs. Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon. While the Index transitions, the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform.
  • F13 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, FAQ 3 documented · field
    Access to Archival Inventories records are currently available on our legacy database platform , but will soon be remodeled as linked open data and migrated to Arches. The Payments to Artists, Collectors Files, and Public Collections datasets are available through their current platform .
  • F18 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index, card snippet (Legacy Index unreachable: TLS failure) documented · field
    Databases: Archival Inventory Contents, Archival Inventory Descriptions, Sales Catalogs Contents, Sales Catalogs Descriptions, Goupil Stock Books, Knoedler Stoc...
  • F24 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index, news item s1–2 documented · field
    Announcing the launch of the newly remodeled Getty Provenance Index! Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches, the new GPI presents over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art, with strong coverage in European and American paintings.
  • F25 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index, news item s3 documented · field
    This project is the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty and promises to open up a whole new host of possibilities for advanced provenance research with relevance to art history, digital humanities, and data science.
  • F37 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects, Transition to Linked Open Data; Projects in This Initiative documented · field
    The GPI's adoption of linked open data and the open-source Arches platform responds to modern research demands. … Remodeling the Getty Provenance Index … A complete overhaul of the Getty Provenance Index® to increase its use as a leading tool for research
10.Its data can be reached through an API with guidance on licences and attribution and through CSV exports of the Legacy Index, regularly updated by editors (Getty Provenance Index page; GitHub card).2
  • F15 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases, § Related Resources documented · field
    API Documentation … Documentation for API methods available for Getty Provenance Index data, as well as guidance on licenses and attribution … CSV Exports of the Legacy Getty Provenance Index … Page on Github where you can download raw datasets from the Legacy Index
  • F20 GitHub — CSV exports of the Getty Provenance Index - GitHub, card snippet (GitHub unreachable: session policy) documented · field
    The Getty Provenance Index databases are regularly updated by editors to reflect our latest research. The most current data are available via the Getty Provenan...
11.Its coverage varies by region, period and type of document (coverage page).1
  • F38 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index, ¶1 documented · field
    The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document. These resources are updated periodically as new material is integrated.
12.Wikipedia has no article on it: the title redirects to the Getty Research Institute, whose article lists it among the databases from the former Getty Information Institute (Wikipedia).2
  • F45 Wikipedia — Getty Provenance Index (redirect to Getty Research Institute), raw wikitext (redirect=no) documented · field
    #REDIRECT[[Getty Research Institute]]
  • F46 Wikipedia — Getty Research Institute § Electronic databases, § Electronic databases (lead and item 3) documented · field
    Among the electronic databases from the former Getty Information Institute that GRI continues to produce are: … Getty Provenance Index which holds records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works.

popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (cards, own pages, Wikipedia). With no archive claim admitted, the entry is the Getty's index at its own pages' resolution: its contents, its counts, its founding stated three ways, its move to linked open data. composed 2026-10-29 from the field ledger alone; not frozen

Form ledger — AIO against both arms, at both levels
AIO (T)L_F compressionL_F expansionL_A compressionL_A expansion
body words1661465393511760
distinct claims746468282
claims per 100 words4.231.58.523.44.7
field claims carried (of 46)—46464646
archive claims0003636
rail9 documents15 lineagesper sentence19 lineagesper sentence
modality shown innonetypographygrammartypographygrammar

Computed from the row at build: words counted in the text; claims from the ledger ids each line or sentence carries. T's claims are the worked example's T1–T9.

The objects

Tthe transcript166 words · 9 cards

register entry getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029 OBS-700ba3d88603 · file as first run sha256 cd27c43b66192608…

  • T1-1 definition: 'an open-access digital database maintained by the Getty Research Institute that provides over 12 million records tracking the ownership, circulation, display, and transfer of artworks' (four markers)
  • T1-2 data volume: 'Data Volume: Contains over 12 million linked open data records powered by the Arches platform.' (one marker)
  • T1-3 core sources: 'Core Sources: Transcriptions from archival inventories, historic auction catalogs, and art dealer stock books.' (two markers)
  • T1-4 specialized collections: 'Includes records such as the 11 painting stock books of the New York dealership M. Knoedler & Co. and Goupil & Cie (covering 1872–1970), alongside European and American sales catalogs (dating roughly from the 16th century through the 20th century).' (four markers)
  • T1-5 searchable categories: 'People/organizations (artists, buyers, sellers, auctioneers), object types (paintings, sculptures, drawings, furniture), transaction events (sold, stolen, exchanged, given), and document/lot identifiers.' (one marker)
  • T1-6 access: 'You can search and explore the data directly through the Getty Provenance Index Search Portal.' (two markers; the portal's link)
  • T1-7 closer: 'Are you looking for information on a specific artist, collection, or time period that I can help you search for?'
Bthe disclosed field13 sources
  • B1 Getty Museum — Provenance Index | Getty Tools & Databases card; the census's saved copy, B1.html sha256 b52cee21703553b2 (matches the census: True); text B1.txt
  • B2 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index card; fetched 2026-10-29T17:20:45Z HTTP 200; B2.html sha256 95a39d2eb8f13c30; text B2.txt
  • B3 Getty Museum — Getty Provenance Index unreachable: piprod.getty.edu (the home page's 'Search the Legacy Index' link): curl 60, TLS certificate verification failed (unable to get local issuer certificate), 17:07:10Z, 17:07:35Z (with the session's CA bundle), 17:10:19Z; https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/provenance/search.html (WebSearch's hit for the snippet's database names): HTTP 200 after redirect to the current Getty Provenance Index page, the same bytes as B1 (sha256 b52cee21…), saved as B3-legacy-url-redirect.html; the snippet's text is not in it; card title and snippet only
  • B4 Princeton University — Getty Provenance Index Database card; fetched 2026-10-29T17:09:26Z HTTP 200; B4.html sha256 3cfc7e3c0e9cb865; text B4.txt
  • B5 GitHub — CSV exports of the Getty Provenance Index - GitHub unreachable: https://github.com/thegetty/provenance-index-csv (the URL the home page links as 'CSV Exports of the Legacy Getty Provenance Index'): HTTP 403 from the session's GitHub policy ('GitHub access to this repository is not enabled for this session'), 17:08:02Z; the response saved as B5-403.json. Not routed around.; card title and snippet only
  • B6 CNI: Coalition for Networked Information — Rebuilding the Getty Provenance Index as Linked Data unreachable: HTTP 403, a Cloudflare challenge page ('Just a moment...'), 17:08:04Z and 17:10:18Z; the first response saved as B6-403.html; card title and snippet only
  • B7 USC Libraries — Collecting and Provenance Research, Getty Research Institute card; fetched 2026-10-29T17:08:07Z HTTP 200; B7.html sha256 7e90bc78e79733d0; text B7.txt
  • B8 Association of Research Institutes in Art History — Launch of the New Getty Provenance Index card; fetched 2026-10-29T17:09:56Z HTTP 200; B8.html sha256 2fc8156dcfb72def; text B8.txt
  • B9 Smarthistory — What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ... unreachable: https://smarthistory.org/art-provenance/ (the URL ARIAH's item gives for 'a new Smarthistory about research using the Getty Provenance Index'): HTTP 403, a Cloudflare challenge, 17:08:09Z and 17:10:19Z; saved as B9-403.html; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZWRxUxghVY (the video the Getty home page links as 'Smarthistory: What is art provenance?'): HTTP 429, 17:20:45Z; no transcript fetched; card title and snippet only
  • B10 Getty — Getty Provenance Index Initiative | Getty Projects own_page; the census's saved copy, B10.html sha256 760348e6cb7a40fc (matches the census: True); text B10.txt
  • B11 Getty — What’s Covered in the Provenance Index | Getty Provenance Index own_page; the census's saved copy, B11.html sha256 e5cafa0ab34a095d (matches the census: True); text B11.txt
  • B12 Wikipedia — Getty Provenance Index (redirect to Getty Research Institute) raw HTTP 200 sha256 2f6f5b1a58ee3421; rendered HTTP 200 sha256 10a09011291f3641
  • B13 Wikipedia — Getty Research Institute § Electronic databases raw HTTP 200 sha256 d15b8b95a9ff0375; rendered HTTP 200 sha256 1d2384fd3953d100
Ethe two entities and their relationρ = extends · equal case

E_A, the archive's entity: the same index, in the provenance census and the archive's deposits: a database of linked open data in the lineage 'objects and art' that records provenance (of the schema's three capabilities: expresses, records, tests), its object a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale, its relations ownership, sale, dealer stock, inventory and payment to artists, its carrier transcribed primary documents, its unit a resource drawn from a primary document, put to the question what provenance it carries, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival (census record); its founding held as its pages hold it (census record; Capture Registry); art-historical provenance as an adjacent tradition of provenance, the 'Same conceptual structure; different object', with a semantic dimension in principle (#725); the class whose origins its records trace, on which the archive's provenance erasure ('Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts', #729) and provenance strip (#466) bear; and, at its name, an index of provenance composed without its own origin (Capture Registry) PE-01 PE-02 PE-03 PE-04 PE-05 PE-06 PE-07 PE-17 PE-18 PE-11 CAP-1-02 O725-03 O725-04 O729-01 O466-01 CAP-1-07; defining papers #725, #729, #466

E_F, the field's entity (type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity: a database of art provenance records and the research initiative of the same name)): the Getty Research Institute's open-access database of art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records: over 12 million resources tracing the origins, movements and lineages of art and cultural artifacts, 16th–20th centuries, transcribed from dealer stock books (Goupil/Boussod, Valadon, Paris, 1846–1919; Knoedler, New York, 1872–1970), sales catalogs (Europe, 1650–1945, with German sales 1900–1945) and archival inventories (European private collections, 1520–1880), with the Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections beside or within it as its pages hold; one name for an initiative of Getty staff and the data resource it supports; founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page), or begun in the early 1980s in the Getty Museum's Paintings department under him, 1981 to the present (initiative page), or among the databases from the former Getty Information Institute (Wikipedia); digital since 1984, online since 1998, a department since 2004; now moving to linked open data on Arches, the archival inventories still on the Legacy Index; its coverage varying by region, period and type of document

ρ = extends: the archive reads E_F as the entity and adds senses and limits on the field's own object: what it does with provenance under the census's question, records it, with its object, relations, carrier and unit (PE-03–PE-07, PE-17, PE-18); the census's unchecked licence (PE-15); art-historical provenance among the provenances, adjacent, with a semantic dimension in principle (O725-01–O725-04); erasure of origins and lineage as categories on the class (O729-01, O466-01, O466-02); the composition's account at the name (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-10) PE-03 PE-04 PE-05 PE-06 PE-07 PE-17 PE-18 PE-15 O725-01 O725-03 O725-04 O729-01 O466-01 O466-02 CAP-1-03 CAP-1-07. Guard: ρ = extends claims an addition and no more (§1.2a): the archive does not say the Getty's records are wrong, nor that the Index erases provenance; #729's and #466's categories are applied by the archive to the class (cultural artifacts' origins, artworks' lineage), not to the Index, and are composed so. Where the census's fields depart from the field (two of four founding statements; 'payment to artists' among the relations where the home page puts that database beside the Index; the 12 million evidenced by a sales-catalog sentence), both are composed under P_coh within the one ontology, each with its source.

The case: equal terms, ontology included (v0.9). The archive reads the field's entity as the entity: the provenance census describes the Index from the Getty's own pages, each field with its evidence and basis, and holds the founding as the Getty's pages hold it, two statements with their pages; the deposits that bear on it bear on its class and place it without contesting it: art-historical provenance is an adjacent tradition of provenance with the 'Same conceptual structure; different object' (#725), a provenance with a semantic dimension in principle (#725), and the archive's categories of erasure apply to the stripping of origin from artifacts (#729) and of lineage from artworks (#466). They add senses and limits on the field's own object: what the Index does with provenance under the census's question (records it), its object, relations, carrier and unit, the census's own unchecked items, and the composition's account at the name. #725 states its relation to the existing provenance frameworks in those terms ('Extension and completion, not substitution or critique'). No defining paper contests the field's ontology or supplies one the field lacks for the Index: ρ = extends, the equal-terms case (§0.9, §1.2a). The founding is a conflict inside the field (four statements on the Getty's pages, a fifth lineage on Wikipedia), composed under P_coh within the one ontology, not a conflict between ontologies.

#725 packet header, Relation: **Relation:** Extension and completion, not substitution or critique

#725 §4 Disambiguation Matrix, row 'Provenance (art history)': | Provenance (art history) | Documented chain of ownership and attribution for art objects | Adjacent tradition | Same conceptual structure; different object |

#725 §2.3 'Radical-level identity' s1: All provenance has always had a semantic dimension *in principle*.

#729 §1, the domain table, row 'Domain 2': | **Domain 2: Historical/Cultural Erasure** | Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts (Toshakhana, colonial looting) | Correctly identified |

#466 Glossary, 'Provenance Strip': **Provenance Strip** — The extraction of relational metadata (creator, title, date, source, lineage) from a cultural object, converting work into fungible platform content.

#PE census.json organizing_question: What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?

#PE census.json rows[slug == 'getty-provenance-index'].founded: 1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page); the initiative page places its beginning in the early 1980s

#capture getty-provenance-index-aio-20261029, findings[1] s2: The record holds two founding statements from the Getty's own pages

τthe translation: every field claim carried, beside its statement in the archive's ontology46 field claims · 15 rows
field claimsreceivedreceiving texttranslationarchive
F1, F12, F17, F21, F26, F32F1 (B1, page heading: tagline): "Getty Provenance Index … Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records"; F12 (B1, FAQ 1): "The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. It is used to trace the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks, providing essential data for provenance research and the study of cultural heritage."; F17 (B2, meta description; footer): "The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of richly curated records that document historic transfers of art ownership. … The Getty Provenance Index® is a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust."; F21 (B6, card snippet (CNI unreachable: 403)): "The Getty Provenance Index records the ownership and sale of artwork as documented in auction house sales catalogs, archival inventories, dealer stock books, an..."; F26 (B9, card title and snippet (video; Smarthistory unreachable: 403; YouTube 429)): "What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case studyGetty ... The Getty Provenance Index. The Getty Provenance Index® provides open access to millions of resources from dealer stock books, sales catalogs, and archival inve..."; F32 (B10, Goal ¶2 s2–3): "Drawing from documents in the GRI’s collections and other international sources, the data provided by the GPI enables research in art collecting, market history, and ownership studies. Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods, the GPI empowers scholars to explore patterns in the movement and social lives of artworks on a larger scale."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-01, PE-02, PE-04, PE-19PE-01, PE-02, PE-04, PE-19
F2, F3, F13, F18, F24, F25, F37F2 (B1, § Search the Index ¶1): "The Getty Provenance Index is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform for enhanced access and query."; F3 (B1, § Search the Index ¶2): "The Remodeled Index in the Arches platform provides access to linked open data resources drawn from dealer stock books and sales catalogs. Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon. While the Index transitions, the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform."; F13 (B1, FAQ 3): "Access to Archival Inventories records are currently available on our legacy database platform , but will soon be remodeled as linked open data and migrated to Arches. The Payments to Artists, Collectors Files, and Public Collections datasets are available through their current platform ."; F18 (B3, card snippet (Legacy Index unreachable: TLS failure)): "Databases: Archival Inventory Contents, Archival Inventory Descriptions, Sales Catalogs Contents, Sales Catalogs Descriptions, Goupil Stock Books, Knoedler Stoc..."; F24 (B8, news item s1–2): "Announcing the launch of the newly remodeled Getty Provenance Index! Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches, the new GPI presents over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art, with strong coverage in European and American paintings."; F25 (B8, news item s3): "This project is the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty and promises to open up a whole new host of possibilities for advanced provenance research with relevance to art history, digital humanities, and data science."; F37 (B10, Transition to Linked Open Data; Projects in This Initiative): "The GPI's adoption of linked open data and the open-source Arches platform responds to modern research demands. … Remodeling the Getty Provenance Index … A complete overhaul of the Getty Provenance Index® to increase its use as a leading tool for research"—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-09, PE-10, CAP-1-05PE-09, PE-10, CAP-1-05
F4, F40F4 (B1, § Dealer Stock Books): "Dealer Stock Books … Gallery and dealer records from Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie. (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co. (New York, 1872–1970)"; F40 (B11, § Dealer Stock Books ¶1 s2): "Included in the Provenance Index are more than 190,000 resources from the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919), as well as over 190,000 resources from the 11 painting stock books and enhanced with purchase information from the 21 paintings and watercolors sales books of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970)."—untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-04CAP-1-04
F5, F41, F42F5 (B1, § Sales Catalogs): "Sales Catalogs … Auction house and dealer sales catalogs documenting works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945"; F41 (B11, § Sales Catalogs ¶1 s2, ¶2 s1): "This dataset includes records from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia, spanning 1650 to 1945. … The Provenance Index encompasses over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs, providing detailed insights into the sale of primarily paintings, sculptures, and drawings."; F42 (B11, § Sales Catalogs ¶3): "Additionally, the dataset features bibliographic information for over 8,700 German sales from 1900 to 1945. More than 830,000 auction records have been digitally extracted, with links to full PDFs hosted at the Heidelberg University Library ."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-16PE-16
F6, F43F6 (B1, § Archival Inventories): "Archival Inventories … Legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880"; F43 (B11, § Archival Inventories ¶1 s2–3): "These records, dating from 1520 to 1880, provide critical insights into the contents of historical collections in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain. The Provenance Index includes over 276,000 individual records extracted from more than 13,000 archival documents."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim on the lineage)
F7, F39, F44F7 (B1, § Provenance Resources): "These databases complement the Getty Provenance Index, providing further materials for research on art transfer and ownership."; F39 (B11, § Content of the Provenance Index): "The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI) include: … Collectors Files – References to over 20,000 Getty Research Institute files on collectors and collections from the Middle Ages to the 21st century … Payments to Artists – Records of payments to artists in Rome between 1576 and 1711, highlighting patronage and artistic networks … Public Collections – Provenance records from 1500 to 1990 for artworks in public institutions across Great Britain and the United States"; F44 (B11, § Collectors Files; § Payments to Artists; § Public Collections): "The Collectors Files database indexes approximately 20,000 folders containing information about international collectors, dealers, auctioneers, and art institutions from the late Middle Ages to the present. … This database contains approximately 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711. … Covering over 95,000 records spanning from 1500 to 1990, it offers valuable insights into the ownership histories and institutional holdings of artworks."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-05PE-05
F8, F16, F23, F34F8 (B1, § About the Getty Provenance Index ¶1): "The Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources that trace the origins, movements, and lineages of art and cultural artifacts. Spanning the 16th–20th centuries, the GPI includes primary source materials such as transcribed inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books, with strengths in European and American art."; F16 (B2, search portal: search box and type list): "Search over 12 million resources … Activity … Group … Person … Physical Object … Place … Provenance Activity … Set … Textual Work … Visual Work"; F23 (B7, database description s2): "At the heart of its operations is the Getty Provenance Index®, which currently contains more than 2.3 million records taken from source material such as archival inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books."; F34 (B10, Outcomes: Public Reach): "With over 12 million resources digitized and publicly accessible, the GPI advances research, education, and public engagement in the field of provenance and cultural heritage."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-08, CAP-1-01PE-08, CAP-1-01
F9, F28, F30, F35F9 (B1, § About ¶2): "Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen, the GPI was created to improve access to information found in archival documents related to the ownership of art. Originating in the Getty Museum’s Paintings department, the GPI is the product of continued international collaboration and has expanded to include information from the Getty Research Institute's own archives related to dealers and the art trade."; F28 (B10, Project Details): "Years … 1981 – present … Status … Active … Organizer … Getty Research Institute"; F30 (B10, Goal ¶1 s2): "Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s, the Getty Provenance Index® (GPI) provides global scholars with access to records that trace the origins, movements, and lineage of cultural artifacts, contributing to a global understanding of art and its shared cultural heritage."; F35 (B10, Background: The Origins ¶1 s1–2): "The GPI began as an initiative within the Getty Museum’s Paintings department in the early 1980s led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen. Fredericksen established the Provenance Index by initially focusing on cataloging Italian paintings in public collections."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-11, CAP-1-02, CAP-1-03, CAP-1-07, CAP-1-08PE-11, CAP-1-02, CAP-1-03, CAP-1-07, CAP-1-08
F10, F11F10 (B1, § About ¶3 s2): "First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994, and launched online in 1998, it has evolved alongside advances in provenance research and digital art history."; F11 (B1, § About ¶3 s1, s3): "As one of the earliest digital art history initiatives, the GPI has continually operated at the forefront of technological advancement and open access. … More recently, the GPI has transitioned to a Linked Open Data (LOD) framework, enabling network visualization and cross-database analysis."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-12PE-12
F14, F22, F27, F31, F33, F36F14 (B1, § Contact the Provenance Index Team): "Sandra van Ginhoven … Head, Getty Provenance Index"; F22 (B7, database description s1): "The Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (PSCP) aligns the Getty Research Institute's collections and the expertise of its staff with the work of scholars interested in the history of collecting, provenance, art markets, and display around the world."; F27 (B10, page heading): "Getty Provenance Index Initiative … Multi-Project Initiative … Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks"; F31 (B10, Goal ¶2 s1): "The GPI is an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name."; F33 (B10, Outcomes: Commitment to Research): "Unlike projects with a defined endpoint, the GPI is intended to evolve over time to meet the changing needs of scholars and cultural institutions."; F36 (B10, Background: The Origins ¶1 s3–4): "Over time, the scope expanded to include auction catalogs and archival inventories from a range of regions and historical periods, and more recently material from the GRI’s extensive archives and acquisitions related to art dealers, collectors, and the art trade. By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index—committed to advancing provenance research globally."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-14PE-14
F15, F20F15 (B1, § Related Resources): "API Documentation … Documentation for API methods available for Getty Provenance Index data, as well as guidance on licenses and attribution … CSV Exports of the Legacy Getty Provenance Index … Page on Github where you can download raw datasets from the Legacy Index"; F20 (B5, card snippet (GitHub unreachable: session policy)): "The Getty Provenance Index databases are regularly updated by editors to reflect our latest research. The most current data are available via the Getty Provenan..."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-15PE-15
F19F19 (B4, Description): "Contains 3 separate databases for provenance research: archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840, and public art collections from 1500-1990."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-06PE-06
F29F29 (B10, Goal ¶1 s1): "Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects—is central to the Getty Research Institute’s (GRI) mission to cultivate advanced knowledge of art and its varied histories."—untranslated: composed as received beside O725-01, O725-02, O725-03, O725-04O725-01, O725-02, O725-03, O725-04
F38F38 (B11, ¶1): "The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document. These resources are updated periodically as new material is integrated."—untranslated: composed as received beside PE-13PE-13
F45, F46F45 (B12, raw wikitext (redirect=no)): "#REDIRECT[[Getty Research Institute]]"; F46 (B13, § Electronic databases (lead and item 3)): "Among the electronic databases from the former Getty Information Institute that GRI continues to produce are: … Getty Provenance Index which holds records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim on the lineage)

equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with. Reading the received column recovers the field (§5.9).

R7the measure0 of 12 survive

v0.9 §4.10: KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as apply_v09.py does: difflib.SequenceMatcher ratio, the best KO sentence for each KO_B sentence): v0.9 0 of 12 (positions [None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]; composed first under v0.9, so there is no v0.7 object to measure against). Opening-run check (§5.10): no breach.

L_F(B)recomposed from the disclosed field, in the field's ontology539 words

The Getty Provenance Index offers open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records, records that document historic transfers of art ownership and serve to trace the ownership, movement and histories of artworks (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ; search portal; CNI card; Smarthistory card). On the initiative's page the name covers both a research initiative of Getty staff and the data resource it supports, which traces the ownership, exchange, movement and histories of artworks, and provenance research is the study of the ownership history of artworks and cultural objects (initiative page). It contains over 12 million digitized, open-access resources from the 16th to the 20th centuries, strongest in European and American art, searchable by type of resource on the Remodeled Index (Getty Provenance Index page; search portal; initiative page), though USC's guide still counts 2.3 million records under the Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (USC Libraries). Its dealer stock books are Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie.'s fifteen (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co.'s eleven painting stock books (New York, 1872–1970), over 190,000 resources each (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page). Its sales catalogs cover works of art offered in Europe from 1650 to 1945, over 12 million resources from more than 22,000 catalogs with German sales of 1900–1945 added, and its archival inventories cover European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page); Princeton's guide gives three databases with other spans (Princeton University Library). The Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections complement the Index on the home page and form part of its foundation on the coverage page, with about 20,000 folders, about 1,000 Roman payments and over 95,000 public-collection records (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page). Its home page says it was founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen in the Getty Museum's Paintings department; its initiative page says it began in the early 1980s under curator Burton B. Fredericksen, dates the initiative 1981 to the present and calls it one of the Research Institute's foundational initiatives of the 1980s (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page). It was compiled digitally in 1984, issued on CD-ROM in 1994 and put online in 1998, became a department of its own by 2004, and is headed by Sandra van Ginhoven, with no defined endpoint (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page). It is moving to linked open data on the Arches platform, where the dealer stock books and sales catalogs already are, while the archival inventories and the original datasets remain on the Legacy Index (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ; Legacy Index card); ARIAH announced the remodeled Index as over 12 million records, the outcome of decades of curation (ARIAH; initiative page). Its data can be reached through an API with guidance on licences and attribution and through CSV exports of the Legacy Index, regularly updated by editors (Getty Provenance Index page; GitHub card). Its coverage varies by region, period and type of document (coverage page). Wikipedia has no article on it: the title redirects to the Getty Research Institute, whose article lists it among the databases from the former Getty Information Institute (Wikipedia).

L_A(B ∪ A)the field and the archive composed in the archive's ontology1760 words

The Getty Provenance Index is the Getty Research Institute's database of art provenance: its own page introduces it as "Providing open access to art provenance data drawn from millions of archival records" (Getty Provenance Index page), and the provenance census records it as a database of linked open data in the lineage "objects and art", operated by the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust, whose object is "a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale" (provenance census record). Its records, the Getty's FAQ and search portal say, "document historic transfers of art ownership" and are used to trace "the ownership, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index page; search portal); CNI's briefing, read here only in its snippet, has it recording "the ownership and sale of artwork" (CNI card), and Smarthistory's video, known by title and snippet, "What is art provenance? A Getty Research Institute case study", opens its snippet on the Index (Smarthistory card). One name holds two things on the initiative's page, "an active research initiative carried out by Getty staff that supports an evolving data resource with the same name", the initiative "Using digital technology to trace the ownership, exchange, movement, and histories of artworks" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page); the census carries the names GPI and Getty Provenance Index® (provenance census record), and the portal calls the name a registered trademark of the J. Paul Getty Trust (search portal). Put to the census's question, "What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?", the Index is recorded with one of the schema's three capabilities, "records" (beside expresses and tests): it carries the relations ownership, sale, dealer stock, inventory and payment to artists, in transcribed primary documents, and its unit is "a resource drawn from a primary document" (provenance census record). The initiative's page defines the work it serves, "Provenance research—the study of ownership history of artworks and cultural objects" (Getty Provenance Index Initiative page), and the archive counts that provenance among the disciplinary homes of the concept, "art history (chain of ownership, attribution)", calling provenance "a centuries-old concept in archival science, art history, and legal evidence" (#725). In #725's disambiguation matrix art-historical provenance is the "Documented chain of ownership and attribution for art objects", an "Adjacent tradition" to semantic provenance with the "Same conceptual structure; different object", and #725 holds that "All provenance has always had a semantic dimension in principle" (#725). Its scale on its own pages is "over 12 million digitized, open-access resources" spanning the 16th to the 20th centuries, "with strengths in European and American art" (Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page), searchable on the Remodeled Index by type, from activity, group and person to physical object, place, provenance activity, set, textual work and visual work (search portal), the count the census carries as of 2026-10-29 (provenance census record). USC Libraries' guide, a card on the rail, still gives "more than 2.3 million records" for the Index, at the heart of the Getty's Project for the Study of Collecting and Provenance (USC Libraries), and the Capture Registry records that the composition's "over 12 million", its operator and its move to linked open data are the record's (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29). The Index draws on transcribed primary documents of three kinds (provenance census record), and its dealer stock books are those of two firms over two spans: "the 15 stock books of Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie in Paris (1846–1919)" and "the 11 painting stock books" of M. Knoedler & Co. in New York (1872–1970), each over 190,000 resources, Knoedler's enhanced with purchase information from 21 sales books (coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page). The sales catalogs, of auction houses and dealers, document works of art offered for sale in Europe from 1650 to 1945, from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, and the coverage page's account of them holds "over 12 million resources extracted from more than 22,000 catalogs", the sentence the census takes as its evidence for the units (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page; provenance census record); German sales of 1900–1945 add over 8,700 sales and more than 830,000 auction records linked to Heidelberg University Library's PDFs (coverage page). The archival inventories are legal records of objects in European private collections from 1520 to 1880, over 276,000 records from more than 13,000 documents in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page), while Princeton's library guide describes "3 separate databases for provenance research": archival documents from 1550-1840, auction catalogs from 1650-1840 and public art collections from 1500-1990 (Princeton University Library). Three further databases are held two ways on the Getty's own pages: the home page says the Collectors Files, Payments to Artists and Public Collections "complement the Getty Provenance Index", the coverage page lists them among "The databases that form the foundation of the Getty Provenance Index (GPI)" (Getty Provenance Index page; coverage page). They hold about 20,000 collectors' folders, about 1,000 payments recorded in Rome between 1576 and 1711, and over 95,000 public-collection records from 1500 to 1990 (coverage page), and the census counts payment to artists among the relations the Index carries (provenance census record). The founding is stated three ways on the Getty's own pages: "Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen", originating in the Getty Museum's Paintings department, to improve access to archival information on the ownership of art (Getty Provenance Index page); begun "in the early 1980s" as an initiative within the Museum's Paintings department "led by curator Burton B. Fredericksen", who started with Italian paintings in public collections (initiative page); and, on the same initiative page, "1981 – present" in its project details and "Established as one of the GRI’s foundational initiatives in the 1980s" (initiative page). The census holds the first two with their pages, "1974 by Burton Fredericksen (home page); the initiative page places its beginning in the early 1980s", without choosing between them (provenance census record); Wikipedia places the Index otherwise, among the electronic databases "from the former Getty Information Institute" that the Research Institute continues to produce (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute). First compiled digitally in 1984, published on CD-ROM in 1994 and launched online in 1998, the Index calls itself "one of the earliest digital art history initiatives" (Getty Provenance Index page), dates the census carries from the same page (provenance census record), and its data, drawn from the Research Institute's collections and other international sources, are "Presented as linked open data to enable advanced research through computational methods" (initiative page). Its operator is the Getty Research Institute of the J. Paul Getty Trust (provenance census record): the scope widened from auction catalogs and archival inventories to the Research Institute's dealer archives, and "By 2004, the project had grown into a dedicated department—now known as the Getty Provenance Index", an endeavour "intended to evolve over time" with no defined endpoint (initiative page), headed now by Sandra van Ginhoven (Getty Provenance Index page). The Index "is transitioning to a linked open data structure and platform": the Remodeled Index on the Arches platform holds the dealer stock books and sales catalogs, "Archival Inventory data will also transition to this new format soon", and meanwhile "the original datasets will remain accessible in the Legacy Index platform" (Getty Provenance Index page and FAQ), the census's lifecycle and data access in the same terms (provenance census record). The Legacy Index stands on the rail only by its databases' names, archival inventory and sales catalog contents and descriptions, Goupil and Knoedler stock books (Legacy Index card, title and snippet only); ARIAH announced the remodel as "Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches", "over 12 million records regarding the ownership and transfer of art", "the result of decades of intensive data curation at Getty" (ARIAH), and the initiative page calls it "A complete overhaul" answering "modern research demands" (initiative page). Machine access runs through API documentation carrying "guidance on licenses and attribution" and CSV exports of the Legacy Index on GitHub (Getty Provenance Index page), whose card says the databases "are regularly updated by editors" and points to more current data (GitHub card, snippet only); the census leaves "the data licence of the Remodeled Index" unchecked, and the Public Collections and Collectors Files in detail (provenance census record). Its stated limit is coverage, "The quantity and scope of research material available in the Getty Provenance Index® varies by region, period, and type of document", the resources updated periodically (coverage page), which the census records as what the Index is not (provenance census record). The objects whose "origins, movements, and lineage" the Index's records trace (initiative page) are a class on which two of the archive's categories bear: provenance erasure has a domain of "Historical/Cultural Erasure", the "Bureaucratic stripping of origin from artifacts (Toshakhana, colonial looting)" (#729), and the provenance strip is "The extraction of relational metadata (creator, title, date, source, lineage) from a cultural object", operating "not only on songs, articles, and artworks" (#466, 2026-02-10). Wikipedia has no article for the Index: "Getty Provenance Index" redirects to the article on the Getty Research Institute (Wikipedia), which names it once, as holding "records of collections, auction sales and other information for researching the art market and the provenance of works" (Wikipedia, Getty Research Institute). At the name, on 2026-10-29, the Capture Registry reads the composition innocently first, as identifying "the index, its maintainer and its scale", its documents and its search, and records that the census record landed the same day and "no card cites it" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29). It records the founding unsaid: of the two founding statements the record holds from the Getty's own pages, "The composition gives neither, and names no person"; the index of provenance is composed "with its scale and maintainer right and its own origin left out", the institution given and the founder, "the person most associated with the index on the Getty's pages", left in the archive (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; Getty Provenance Index page; initiative page). It records the stock books joined "under one count and one span", which the coverage page and the home page give as two firms' books over two spans (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29; coverage page; Getty Provenance Index page), the lifecycle and the coverage limit absent, the Princeton card's ranges as the legacy database's, and attribution at PER 0.5: "The Getty Research Institute, Knoedler and Goupil named; no person; no identifier; the Getty's own pages cited" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).

Δthe delta

T against L_F(B) (AIO's ontology at work on its own cards): At 'Getty Provenance Index' (T1, nine cards: B1–B9; 166 words) the composition gives the Index by the Getty's own pages and the relaunch. Composed from its cards: the definition at the grain of the home page and the FAQ (B1 F1 'open access', F12 ownership and transfer) and CNI's snippet (B6 F21 'ownership and sale'), with 'maintained by the Getty Research Institute' at the cards' grain (the operator named on B1 and B7); the scale and platform at ARIAH's grain, almost word for word (B8 F24 'Now released as linked open data, powered by Arches, … over 12 million records'), which the Capture Registry records as the record's (CAP-1-01); the documents at the home page's grain (B1 F8 'transcribed inventories, auction catalogs, and dealer stock books'); the search portal and its types (B2 F16). Substituted reading: the stock books. The home page, card 1, gives two firms over two spans, 'Goupil & Cie./Boussod, Valadon & Cie. (Paris, 1846–1919) and M. Knoedler & Co. (New York, 1872–1970)' (B1 F4); T gives 'the 11 painting stock books of the New York dealership M. Knoedler & Co. and Goupil & Cie (covering 1872–1970)', Knoedler's count, from a page T did not surface (B11 F40: Goupil's books are 15), and Knoedler's span, under both names. The Capture Registry records the join and leaves it unchecked (CAP-1-04); the field settles it. Substituted reading: the sales catalogs. The cards give 'Europe from 1650 to 1945' (B1 F5); T gives 'European and American sales catalogs (dating roughly from the 16th century through the 20th century)', the span of the whole Index (B1 F8 '16th–20th centuries') and the strength of its art ('European and American', F8, F24) moved onto the catalogs. Limit dropped: the home page states that only the dealer stock books and sales catalogs are on the Remodeled Index, the archival inventories and the original datasets remaining on the Legacy Index (B1 F3, F13; the Legacy Index card B3 F18); T's 'over 12 million linked open data records powered by the Arches platform' carries ARIAH's sentence without the home page's limit, and the registry records the lifecycle absent (CAP-1-05). Available, not composed: the founding, on card 1 itself (B1 F9 'Founded in 1974 by Burton Fredericksen', the Museum's Paintings department), and every person (B1 F14, the Index's head); the complementary databases (B1 F7); the digital history (B1 F10, F11); machine access, licence guidance and the CSV exports (B1 F15, B5 F20); the library guides' accounts (B4 F19's three databases and older spans, which the registry names, CAP-1-05; B7 F22–F23, the PSCP and its 2.3 million); ARIAH's 'decades of intensive data curation' (B8 F25); the Smarthistory case study (B9 F26). The Capture Registry names the founding at its grain: 'The composition gives neither, and names no person' (CAP-1-03), 'its own origin left out' (CAP-1-07). Outside the cards' text: 'circulation, display' (T1-1), the categories 'auctioneers', 'furniture', 'stolen, exchanged, given' (T1-5): not in any readable card. Force: none raised beyond the dropped limit. Composed without attribution: the definition names the institution, no person and no identifier (CAP-1-10, PER 0.5), at the coarse grain of a database description: recorded, not a breach. Content replaced by use: the closer (T1-7).

v0.9 §0.5: the first diff is ontological in a small, exact way. T and the field agree on the entity (the Getty's database of art provenance records); T composes it as a database without its history: the founding the home page states on the card T cites first, the person who founded it, the Legacy Index the transition still requires, and the two firms' books as two. The index of provenance is given without its own provenance.

L_F(B) against L_A(B ∪ A) (the intervention): Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the census's account of what the Index does with provenance, put to its organizing question ('What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?', PE-17): it records provenance, of the schema's three capabilities (PE-03, PE-18), its object a work of art and the documents of its ownership and sale (PE-04), its relations, carrier and unit (PE-05–PE-07); the founding conflict held in the census as two of the field's four statements, neither ruled (PE-11; CAP-1-02), where the field holds four (F9, F35, F28, F30) and Wikipedia a lineage through the Getty Information Institute (F46); the census's own limits, the Remodeled Index's licence unchecked (PE-15); art-historical provenance placed among the provenances, an adjacent tradition with the 'Same conceptual structure; different object', with a semantic dimension in principle (O725-01–O725-04); the archive's categories of erasure on the class whose origins and lineage the records trace (O729-01, O466-01, O466-02); and the Capture Registry's account of the composition at the name (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-10). Not surfaced: every archive source; no card cites the census record (CAP-1-09).

alignment: {'T1_cards_claims': ['F1', 'F2', 'F3', 'F4', 'F5', 'F6', 'F7', 'F8', 'F9', 'F10', 'F11', 'F12', 'F13', 'F14', 'F15', 'F16', 'F17', 'F18', 'F19', 'F20', 'F21', 'F22', 'F23', 'F24', 'F25', 'F26'], 'T1_composed': ['F1', 'F8', 'F12', 'F16', 'F21', 'F24', 'F4', 'F5'], 'T1_composed_note': "F4 in part (Knoedler's span only, given to both firms); F5 in part (Europe; its span replaced by F8's span of the whole Index); F8 in part (12 million; the documents; '16th–20th' moved onto the sales catalogs)", 'T1_outside_cards': ["T1-4 'the 11 painting stock books' (the count is Knoedler's on the coverage page, B11, an own page not surfaced)", "T1-4 'European and American sales catalogs' (the cards give the sales catalogs as Europe's, F5; 'European and American' is the Index's strength in art, F8, F24)", "T1-1 'circulation, display' (no readable card says 'circulation'; 'display' is the PSCP's word on USC's card, F22)", "T1-5 'auctioneers', 'furniture', 'stolen, exchanged, given' (not in the portal's type list, F16, or any readable card)"], 'rule': "T against L_F(B): the field claims of the cards T surfaced (B1–B9), aligned to T's claims by quote and grain; own pages (B10, B11) and Wikipedia (B12, B13) are in L_F(B) but were not surfaced by T"}

Kthe prospective kernel sealed only at freeze36 entries
K1PE-01 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (the field holds the claim: F2, F11)
claim
PE-01
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it is: open access to art provenance records
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (the field holds the claim: F2, F11)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K2PE-02 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (the field holds the claim: F1, F8)
claim
PE-02
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it is: open access to art provenance records
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (the field holds the claim: F1, F8)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K3PE-14 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (the field holds the claim: F28, F46)
claim
PE-14
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
operator: the Getty Research Institute, its department and initiative
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (the field holds the claim: F28, F46)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K4PE-04 provenance census record, 2026-10-29qualified claim (F12)
claim
PE-04
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it does with provenance: records it
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F12)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K5PE-19 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (the field holds the names: F8, F17)
claim
PE-19
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
what it is: open access to art provenance records
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (the field holds the names: F8, F17)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K6PE-17 provenance census record, 2026-10-29missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
PE-17
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it does with provenance: records it
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K7PE-18 provenance census record, 2026-10-29missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
PE-18
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it does with provenance: records it
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K8PE-03 provenance census record, 2026-10-29missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
PE-03
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it does with provenance: records it
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K9PE-05 provenance census record, 2026-10-29qualified claim (F7, F39)
claim
PE-05
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it does with provenance: records it
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F7, F39)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K10PE-06 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (one lineage with F8)
claim
PE-06
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
sources: dealer stock books, sales catalogs, archival inventories
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (one lineage with F8)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K11PE-07 provenance census record, 2026-10-29missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
PE-07
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it does with provenance: records it
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K12O725-01 #725missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O725-01
source
#725
M_src
interpretation
sense
art provenance among the provenances
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K13O725-02 #725missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O725-02
source
#725
M_src
interpretation
sense
art provenance among the provenances
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K14O725-03 #725missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O725-03
source
#725
M_src
stipulation
sense
art provenance among the provenances
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K15O725-04 #725missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O725-04
source
#725
M_src
interpretation
sense
art provenance among the provenances
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K16PE-08 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (one lineage with F8)
claim
PE-08
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
scale: over 12 million resources
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (one lineage with F8)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K17CAP-1-01 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-01
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
scale: over 12 million resources
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K18PE-16 provenance census record, 2026-10-29qualified claim (F8 against F41: the sentence's section)
claim
PE-16
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
the sales catalogs
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F8 against F41: the sentence's section)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K19PE-11 provenance census record, 2026-10-29qualified claim (F9, F35; F28, F30 not carried by the record)
claim
PE-11
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
founding: 1974, 1981 or the early 1980s; Burton Fredericksen
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F9, F35; F28, F30 not carried by the record)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K20PE-12 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (one lineage with F10)
claim
PE-12
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
digital history: 1984, 1994, 1998
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (one lineage with F10)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K21PE-10 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (one lineage with F3)
claim
PE-10
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
lifecycle: linked open data on Arches, the Legacy Index during the transition
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (one lineage with F3)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K22PE-09 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (one lineage with F3)
claim
PE-09
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
lifecycle: linked open data on Arches, the Legacy Index during the transition
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (one lineage with F3)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K23PE-15 provenance census record, 2026-10-29missing distinction (F15 states licence guidance exists; the field states no licence)
claim
PE-15
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
self-description
sense
access: portal, API, CSV exports
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (F15 states licence guidance exists; the field states no licence)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K24PE-13 provenance census record, 2026-10-29none (one lineage with F38)
claim
PE-13
source
provenance census record, 2026-10-29
M_src
attributed
sense
stated limit: coverage varies
qualifiers carried
PE-15
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (one lineage with F38)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); and a later read of the entity's pages by the provenance census
K25O729-01 #729missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O729-01
source
#729
M_src
stipulation
sense
provenance erasure of artifacts and artworks
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K26O466-01 #466missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O466-01
source
#466
M_src
stipulation
sense
provenance erasure of artifacts and artworks
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K27O466-02 #466missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
claim
O466-02
source
#466
M_src
interpretation
sense
provenance erasure of artifacts and artworks
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K28CAP-1-06 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-06
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
interpretation
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K29CAP-1-09 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-09
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K30CAP-1-02 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-02
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
founding: 1974, 1981 or the early 1980s; Burton Fredericksen
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K31CAP-1-03 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-03
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
founding: 1974, 1981 or the early 1980s; Burton Fredericksen
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K32CAP-1-07 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-07
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
interpretation
sense
founding: 1974, 1981 or the early 1980s; Burton Fredericksen
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K33CAP-1-08 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-08
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
interpretation
sense
founding: 1974, 1981 or the early 1980s; Burton Fredericksen
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K34CAP-1-04 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-04
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
the dealer stock books: Goupil and Knoedler
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K35CAP-1-05 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-05
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
lifecycle: linked open data on Arches, the Legacy Index during the transition
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K36CAP-1-10 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-10
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
the composition at the name
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'Getty Provenance Index' (ADDR-5ed4ab0409d7) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
Archive bearing — D/R/O traversalread

Candidates are found by string; admission is by reading.

traversalfirst reading, 2026-10-29; a second class stated before the hop was read; second pass with one citation hop
D 2 deposits · 8 sentencesR 1 · 4O 14 · 2 direct, 25 classhop 63read: 6 admitted, 10 not

Lee Sharks · Crimson Hexagonal Archive · register v1.36, 2026-10-27. Built by scripts/build_non.py from the files linked above; it writes nothing back. Working, not frozen.