The Negative of the Negative › entity oecd-ai-incidents-monitor

One entity of the Negative of the Negative (EA-NEGONT-02, #1690), cited at https://www.alexanarch.org/non/oecd-ai-incidents-monitor/. the table of contents · this entity as data · contents as data · the dataset on the Hub · row json · field ledger · archive ledger · D/R/O traversal · the address page · the MMRS meta-aggregator record.

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OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor

SPXI instrument · method 0.16 of 87, level 0 (Measurement): The Negative of the Negative (/non). An instrument of SPXI, the Semantic Packet for eXchange & Indexing; the whole practice is itemized at spxi.dev/methods.

type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity: an aggregator of machine-mediated reception work) · sought at oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor

composed 2026-10-29 under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690, equal case, ρ = extends (draft, not frozen; ledgers unaudited, one extractor; every field and archive quote re-checked by the session)

AXN AXN:0AC6.NON.📜🌍💙🪞🎯⚪ · root AXN:0AC6.NON

composed in session · Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-10-29

This row was composed in session. SPXI-gnΩsis (gnosis.spxi.dev) opens a Wikipedia revision sentence by sentence against the sources it cites; a commission consults the archive by its own procedure and composes the entity's row here; a quote to recompose this entity is free.

Google AI Overview (expanded)epoch 2026-10-29
not frozentype C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a monitor; an entity of the MMRS meta-aggregator)signed out, incognitoknowledge object · 29 sentences

EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the MMRS record and the capture record; archive selected by D/R/O (one deposit of two candidates admitted, #637 at O-class; #170 a homonym on the acronym; hop of 11 read and rejected; the class 'AI incident reporting and monitoring' matched nothing), with the MMRS record (31 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings and analysis (8 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by three origins (6 card sources for 6 cards, 1 own page beyond them, 2 Wikipedia records); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta. Ledger: unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 64/64 verified by script against saved text, PDF text, oEmbed title or card snippet; archive quotes 40/40 verified verbatim against the registry, census.json, articles.py and AXN-01ED; carried as marked: F32, F33 internally_inconsistent.

WORKING KNOWLEDGE OBJECT · NOT FROZEN · LEDGER UNAUDITED

Current instantiation — composed under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9 (#1690)

Compression · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor

OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor is an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI (MMRS record), "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)" (its page): since November 2024 language models classify its events and write each record (methodology page).

🗂️ What it is

  • Maker: "initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents", McGovern Foundation support; formalised January 2023 (OECD); operator OECD.AI (MMRS record).1↘
    The methodology page says it "was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation"; the OECD's definitions paper dates the group to January 2023, when the OECD formalised it to develop a common AI incident reporting framework and an AI Incidents Monitor, and the MMRS record names OECD.AI as operator, on the methodology page's evidence.§3
  • Names: AIM; previously AI Incidents Monitor (methodology page).1↘
    Its methodology page records that it was previously the AI Incidents Monitor, the name the MMRS record gives beside AIM, and that its use is subject to the OECD's terms and conditions.§2
  • Purpose: an evidence base for policy, "in real time" (its pages; OECD).1↘
    Its own page says it documents incidents and hazards so that policymakers, AI practitioners and all stakeholders may gain insight into the risks and harms of AI systems, and that over time it will help show risk patterns and a collective understanding of them; the methodology page sets its goal as tracking incidents and hazards "as defined by the OECD, in real time" to provide the evidence base for policy discussion, and the OECD's topic page, read by its card's snippet only, says all actors must monitor incidents and hazards and that risk mitigation will require a solid evidence base.§4

📖 Its terms (OECD, May 2024)

  • Incident: an AI system's development, use or malfunction that "directly or indirectly leads to" harm to health, infrastructure, rights, or property, communities, environment.3↘
    Its terms are the OECD's: the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 16, May 2024), written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda, approved by the Digital Policy Committee on 14 March 2024 and built on a stocktaking of more than 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments, provides them to inform the common reporting framework and "its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM)", and the methodology page and the MMRS record both source the monitor's definitions to it.§5 An AI incident is "an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to" harm to the health of a person or groups, disruption of critical infrastructure, violations of human rights or breaches of law protecting fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights, or harm to property, communities or the environment (the paper; restated on the methodology page), and an AI hazard is such an event that "could plausibly lead to an AI incident", near misses included (the paper; the methodology page); the MMRS record gives the two terms in brief, the hazard in the paper's words.§6 The paper places reputational harm to individuals, hate speech and mis- and disinformation under (c), as a breach of fundamental rights, and violations of authors' and personal rights there too, with industrial property under (d); the definitions rest on the OECD Recommendation's definition of an AI system (2019, revised 2024), as the methodology page states.§7
  • Hazard: an event that "could plausibly lead to an AI incident", near misses included.1↘
    An AI incident is "an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to" harm to the health of a person or groups, disruption of critical infrastructure, violations of human rights or breaches of law protecting fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights, or harm to property, communities or the environment (the paper; restated on the methodology page), and an AI hazard is such an event that "could plausibly lead to an AI incident", near misses included (the paper; the methodology page); the MMRS record gives the two terms in brief, the hazard in the paper's words.§6
  • Graded: serious incident, disaster, serious hazard; misinformation, authors' rights under (c); jurisdictions set scope.2↘
    The paper places reputational harm to individuals, hate speech and mis- and disinformation under (c), as a breach of fundamental rights, and violations of authors' and personal rights there too, with industrial property under (d); the definitions rest on the OECD Recommendation's definition of an AI system (2019, revised 2024), as the methodology page states.§7 The paper also grades the terms, serious AI incidents a subset "intended to include substantial, material incidents", an AI disaster a serious incident that may test or exceed a society's capacity to cope, and serious AI hazards a subset of hazards, and leaves seriousness context-dependent and "left for further discussion"; its governing limit is that the definitions aim at interoperability "while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address".§8

⚙️ How it works (methodology page; MMRS record)

  • Intake: Event Registry's AI-tagged news events, reputable outlets, top 50% by Alexa rank.2↘
    Its unit is the event: an incident or hazard "can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event", its own page notes, its data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry, and the MMRS record's census gives the unit as an incident or hazard, an event in which an AI system leads, or could plausibly lead, to harm.§9 Its intake is the news: the methodology page says the monitor detects incidents and hazards "from reputable international news outlets", with data from Event Registry, a news intelligence platform "processing over 150 000 news articles daily", whose events are clusters of articles on one happening tagged with concepts, only events with AI concepts reaching the monitor; the trends paper adds that the data rely on the top 50% of media outlets by Alexa traffic ranking, and the MMRS record gives the same clustering and tagging and reads admission as an event entering when reputable outlets report it.§10
  • Classifier: GPT-4o mini filters, GPT-4o reclassifies, articles vote; earlier, traditional machine learning.2↘
    Since November 2024 its classifiers are large language models (methodology page): from Event Registry's event summary, OpenAI's GPT-4o mini filters out events that seem unrelated and GPT-4o reclassifies the rest as incidents or hazards, each article is then classified from its own content and the event takes the most common label among its articles, and items collected before November 2024, classified then "using traditional machine learning techniques", are being re-annotated with the same method.§11 The MMRS record gives the same pipeline: AI-tagged news events read from Event Registry daily and, since November 2024, large language models that sort them into incidents and hazards and write their summaries (GPT-4o mini filtering, GPT-4o reclassifying, o3-mini writing the title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from the top three articles), new items matched to existing events by embedding similarity, its census intake "automated" and its cadence daily.§13
  • Record: o3-mini writes title, summary, harm, severity, stakeholders, country from top three articles, marked "[AI generated]".2↘
    Each record's title, summary and metadata are written by a model: the methodology page says the title, summary, harm type, severity, affected stakeholders and country are "LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event", the articles chosen by their outlets' ranking in their country and the metadata generated once, when the item is added, and on the monitor's own page its summaries and the explanations of its labels are marked "[AI generated]", some explanations ruling out further classes by name ("It is not Complementary Information … nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated").§14 The MMRS record draws the consequence: the record does not preserve the original outputs, its titles, summaries and metadata LLM-written from the top articles, so "the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news: its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources"; the Capture Registry (2026-10-29) sets this reading against the composition layer's, which reads the monitor "as an aggregator of the news".§15
  • Cadence: daily, events one to four days old; o3-mini clusters similar summaries.2↘
    Similar events are grouped through the ten nearest summaries by cosine similarity, o3-mini deciding whether they cluster, and the pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old, articles later than that being "likely to be misclassified as a separate event" (methodology page).§12 The MMRS record gives the same pipeline: AI-tagged news events read from Event Registry daily and, since November 2024, large language models that sort them into incidents and hazards and write their summaries (GPT-4o mini filtering, GPT-4o reclassifying, o3-mini writing the title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from the top three articles), new items matched to existing events by embedding similarity, its census intake "automated" and its cadence daily.§13

🔍 A machine reception of the news

  • Reading: "its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources" (MMRS record).1↘
    The MMRS record draws the consequence: the record does not preserve the original outputs, its titles, summaries and metadata LLM-written from the top articles, so "the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news: its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources"; the Capture Registry (2026-10-29) sets this reading against the composition layer's, which reads the monitor "as an aggregator of the news".§15
  • Unseen: "A harm no outlet reports has no event to cluster" (MMRS record); "only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy" (OECD, 2026).2↘
    Its limits are stated by its sources: the methodology page recognises that these publicly reported incidents and hazards likely "only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide", a starting point for an evidence base, and the trends paper that its findings "reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking", media capturing "only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy", that reliance on media may admit incidents mischaracterised, exaggerated or inaccurately attributed to AI, and that its trends do not measure severity, harm type or the number of stakeholders affected.§18 What its selection leaves out, in the MMRS record's reading: admission requires harm, an incident or a hazard that could plausibly lead to one, and "a harm no outlet reports has no event to cluster".§20
  • Disclaimers: not the OECD's view; articles unverified (methodology page).1↘
    Its disclosures say that its information should not be reported as the official views of the OECD or its members, that it is populated with articles from third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation, that the OECD "does not independently verify" their accuracy, completeness or validity, and that collection and analysis seek reliability, objectivity and quality "to the best extent possible".§19

📊 Counts and themes

  • Listed: about 18,579 (its page; MMRS record); 10, or 30, a day (methodology page).1↘
    Its page listed "About 18579 incidents & hazards" on 29 October 2026, the count the MMRS record observed on 28 October; the methodology page gives two daily rates, about 1,000 events analysed a day "resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards" and, in its table's note, "on average 30 incidents and hazards per day".§16
  • Trend: 92 to 324 a month, 2022–2025, a falling share of AI news (OECD; its page).1↘
    Its page says incidents "seem to be getting more media attention lately" but have gone down as a share of all AI news, and the trends paper counts 92 a month in 2022 rising to 324 in 2025 while their share of AI news fell from 3.2% to around 2.5%.§17
  • Themes: fourteen, the trends paper's k-means clusters of the monitor's LLM summaries; none on the methodology page (Capture Registry).2↘
    The fourteen themes are the trends paper's (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 53, February 2026): it classifies the monitor's media reports into 14 themes, among them synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy and health, with three patterns of coverage, increasing, intermittent and declining, by collecting the monitor's "LLM-generated summaries", clustering them by k-means into 25 clusters, a number chosen "based on a qualitative keywords review" when the statistical tests gave inconsistent results, consolidating them into 14 and assigning each item a single theme.§22 The Capture Registry (2026-10-29) records that the composition's count of fourteen themes comes from that card, that the methodology page gives no count of themes, and that it did not verify the count.§23

🧭 Place

  • Neighbours: automated counterpart of the editor-resolved AI Incident Database; the AIAAIC (MMRS record).1↘
    In the MMRS record it is the automated counterpart of the AI Incident Database, "whose editors resolve each submission", and with the AIAAIC Repository one of the census's three harm repositories, its neighbours in the harm basin, "automated and news-derived" in the MMRS record of the AI Incident Database; the definitions paper thanks that database's founder, Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative), among the experts who gave feedback.§25
  • Holding: the Tow Center's AI search citation study, filed as an incident (MMRS record; its page).1↘
    A research study can enter it as an event (MMRS record): the Tow Center's study of AI search citation is filed as an incident, "a research study entering a harm monitor as an event", and on its page the item, titled "AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers", carries a machine-written summary in which eight search engines and chatbots "frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit", is labelled an AI incident with harm types economic/property, reputational and public interest, and is built from news articles about the study, the earliest dated 11 March 2025.§26
  • Next: open submission under the common reporting framework (methodology page; OECD).1↘
    The trends paper places the monitor where there are "few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards", media reports among the proxy indicators that give partial insight, beside the common framework for reporting AI incidents that the Global Partnership on AI approved in early 2025; the methodology page names as next steps an open submission process under that framework and court rulings and supervisory decisions, and the trends paper open submissions and a record reorganised by theme.§24
  • Archive: "Media monitors track coverage of events" (#637).1↘
    The archive sets one of its own instruments apart from the class: "Media monitors track coverage of events", while the Encyclotron (#637) tracks the representation of entire fields of scholarship, "not what was said yesterday but what the retrieval layer thinks the field has been saying for decades".§27
  • Overview: inputs and definitions right, "its classifier left out" (Capture Registry).1↘
    At its name the Overview gave the monitor's input as its methodology page does, Event Registry and 150,000 articles a day, and a maker close to the page's, and did not say that large language models have classified its events since November 2024 and written their titles and summaries: it composed the monitor "with its inputs and definitions right and its classifier left out, the part of its method that makes each record a machine composition" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29, checked against the MMRS record and the entity's own pages), the record holding "what the composition drops", and the MMRS record lists the capture as the composition layer's account of the entity.§29
1what it is: an automated media monitorOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD5 claims · B1, B4, MMRS
  • MMRS-01 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py ARTICLES['oecd-ai-incidents-monitor'], kernel s1 stipulation
    The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) is an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI.
  • MMRS-19 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: kind; roles stipulation
    monitor
  • F1 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, header (subtitle under 'AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor') documented · field
    Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)
  • MMRS-03 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What it is s1 attributed
    The monitor calls itself an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)."
  • F38 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶7 documented · field
    The OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) tracks these media-reported AI incidents and hazards in real-time and leverages the OECD common reporting framework to categorise them consistently.
2name and termsOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD3 claims · B3, B4, MMRS
  • F22 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Background documented · field
    Your use of the OECD AI incidents and hazards monitor (previously AI Incidents Monitor) (“AIM”) is subject to the terms and conditions found at www.oecd.org/termsandconditions.
  • MMRS-17 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: aka documented
    AI Incidents Monitor
  • F47 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, rights page documented · field
    Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
3maker: the OECD.AI expert group, McGovern supportOECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)3 claims · B3, B5, MMRS
  • F11 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶1 s1 documented · field
    The AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation.
  • F50 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Executive summary ¶1 documented · field
    In January 2023, the OECD formalised the OECD.AI Expert Group on AI Incidents to advance the development of i) a common AI incident reporting framework and ii) an AI Incidents Monitor (AIM).
  • MMRS-18 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: operator (evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents-methodology, basis operator) documented
    OECD.AI
4purpose: an evidence base for policyOECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI4 claims · B1, B2, B3
  • F2 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners, and all stakeholders worldwide gain valuable insights into the risks and harms of AI systems.
  • F3 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Over time, AIM will help to show risk patterns and establish a collective understanding of AI incidents and hazards and their multifaceted nature, serving as an important tool for trustworthy AI.
  • F12 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The goal of the AIM is to track actual AI incidents and hazards, as defined by the OECD, in real time and provide the evidence-base to inform related AI policy discussions.
  • F10 OECD — AI risks and incidents, card snippet (page HTTP 403) documented · field
    All actors must monitor AI incidents and hazards to mitigate risks As AI adoption continues to grow, successful risk mitigation will require a solid evidence ba...
5definitions: incident and hazardOECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)14 claims · B3, B5, MMRS
  • F48 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), cover; Foreword ¶1 documented · field
    May 2024 No. 16 … This report provides a definition of AI incident and related terminology. These definitions aim to clarify what constitutes an AI incident, an AI hazard, and associated terminology without being overly prescriptive. This document will inform the development of a common AI incidents reporting framework and its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM).
  • F49 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Foreword ¶3–4 documented · field
    The report was written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda under the supervision of Audrey Plonk, Deputy Director of the OECD Science Technology and Innovation Directorate. … This paper was approved and declassified by written procedure by the OECD Digital Policy Committee (DPC) on 14 March 2024 and prepared for publication by the OECD Secretariat.
  • F59 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §3 ¶4 documented · field
    This classification is based on a stocktaking exercise of over 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments relevant to risk and harms
  • F18 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions ¶1 documented · field
    Published in May 2024, the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms, defines an event where the development or use of an AI system results in actual harm as an “AI incident”, while an event where the development or use of an AI system is potentially harmful is termed an “AI hazard”.
  • MMRS-05 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What it is s3 documented
    The definitions follow the OECD's paper of May 2024.
  • F51 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 Draft definition of an AI incident documented · field
    An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms: (a) injury or harm to the health of a person or groups of people; (b) disruption of the management and operation of critical infrastructure; (c) violations of human rights or a breach of obligations under the applicable law intended to protect fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights; (d) harm to property, communities or the environment.
  • F19 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI incident documented · field
    An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms:
  • F52 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 Draft definition of an AI hazard documented · field
    An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:
  • F20 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI hazard documented · field
    An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:
  • F53 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 key clarifications documented · field
    Near misses are events that could have led to an AI incident and are therefore included under this definition of AI hazards.
  • MMRS-04 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What it is s2 attributed
    An AI incident is an event in which the development, use or malfunction of an AI system directly or indirectly leads to harm; an AI hazard is an event that "could plausibly lead to an AI incident."
  • F56 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 key clarifications documented · field
    Reputational harm to individuals and intangible harms such as hate speech and mis- and disinformation are included under (c) in relation to a breach of fundamental rights. … For example, violations of authors’ and personal rights fit into (c), while violations of industrial property rights are included under the concept of harm to property in (d).
  • F21 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI system documented · field
    These definitions were built based on the definition of an AI system as described in the OECD recommendation on AI of 2019 and revised in 2024. An AI system is a machine-based system that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments.
  • F57 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Abstract documented · field
    These definitions aim to foster international interoperability while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address.
6definitions: the graded termsOECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)3 claims · B5
  • F54 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 serious AI incident; AI disaster documented · field
    Serious AI incidents are a subset of AI incidents and are intended to include substantial, material incidents. … An AI disaster is a serious AI incident that disrupts the functioning of a community or a society and that may test or exceed its capacity to cope, using its own resources.
  • F55 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 serious AI hazard documented · field
    Serious AI hazards are a subset of AI hazards.
  • F58 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §6 Conclusion ¶2 documented · field
    Assessing the “seriousness” of an AI incident, harm, damage, or disruption (e.g., to determine whether an event is classified as an incident or a serious incident) is context-dependent and is also left for further discussion.
7the unit: the event and its articlesOECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI2 claims · B1, MMRS
  • F6 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, chart block, note documented · field
    Note: An AI incident or hazard can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event. Data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry.
  • MMRS-20 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: unit (evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents-methodology, basis operator) documented
    incident or hazard (an event in which an AI system leads, or could plausibly lead, to harm)
8intake: Event Registry's news eventsOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD4 claims · B3, B4, MMRS
  • F13 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶2 s1–2 documented · field
    The AIM detects AI incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets. The data is provided by Event Registry (ER), a news intelligence platform that monitors and aggregates world news by processing over 150 000 news articles daily.
  • F14 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶2 s3–5 documented · field
    Event Registry detects events, which are clusters of news articles reporting on the same happening. These events are tagged with related concepts. The events provided by Event Registry to AIM are limited to those that include AI concepts.
  • F39 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §1 Introduction ¶6 documented · field
    Currently the data rely on reports from the top 50% of media outlets, based on the Alexa traffic rankings (OECD.AI, 2025[6]). These reports are aggregated by Event Registry, a news intelligence platform which monitors over 150 000 news articles daily.
  • MMRS-06 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, How it works s1 documented
    Event Registry clusters news articles about one happening into an event, and only events tagged with AI concepts reach the monitor.
9what its selection leaves outMMRS3 claims · MMRS
  • MMRS-10 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What its selection leaves out s1 interpretation
    An event enters when reputable outlets report it.
  • MMRS-24 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: properties.admission_requires_harm (basis operator) stipulation
    yes: an incident, or a hazard that could plausibly lead to one
  • MMRS-11 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What its selection leaves out s2 interpretation
    A harm no outlet reports has no event to cluster.
10method: LLM classification since November 2024OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI9 claims · B3, MMRS
  • F25 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology ¶1–2 documented · field
    Since November 2024, incidents and hazards are identified and added to the AIM through the following steps. Historical incidents and hazards, collected prior to November 2024, are currently being retrospectively annotated using the same methodology to ensure consistency.
  • F26 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 2 documented · field
    LLMs are used to classify AI-related events into three categories: AI incidents, AI hazards or unrelated events, as defined above. This classification is based on the event summary provided from Event Registry. The classification follows a two-step process: first, a smaller model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o mini) filters out events that seem unrelated to AI incidents and hazards; next, a larger model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o) reclassifies the remaining events to confirm whether they are incidents or hazards.
  • F27 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 3 documented · field
    Individual news articles are classified into incidents and hazards using LLMs, following the same process as for events. In this case, however, article content is used instead of event summaries to enhance reliability. … If some articles are classified differently, the event will adopt the most common classification among them.
  • F34 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology, last ¶ documented · field
    Prior to November 2024, AI incidents and hazards were classified and included on the AIM using traditional machine learning techniques.
  • F30 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 6 documented · field
    Similar events are grouped by analysing their summaries and identifying related events in AIM using cosine similarity. For each new incident or hazard, the top 10 closest summaries (i.e., “embeddings”) from existing events in AIM are identified. An LLM (OpenAI’s o3-mini) is then used to assess whether any of these similar events can be clustered together.
  • MMRS-02 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, kernel s2 documented
    It reads AI-tagged news events from Event Registry daily and, since November 2024, has large language models sort them into incidents and hazards and write their summaries; about 18,579 are listed.
  • MMRS-07 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, How it works s2 documented
    Since November 2024 a small model (GPT-4o mini) filters, a larger one (GPT-4o) reclassifies, and o3-mini writes the title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from the top three articles.
  • MMRS-08 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, How it works s3 documented
    New items are matched to existing events by embedding similarity.
  • MMRS-21 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: intake (evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents-methodology, basis operator) documented
    automated: news articles aggregated by Event Registry; since November 2024, LLM classification (GPT-4o mini, then GPT-4o) and LLM-written metadata (o3-mini); daily
11cadence: daily, one to four daysOECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI3 claims · B3, MMRS
  • F31 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Update frequency ¶1–2 documented · field
    The pipeline runs daily, processing events from one to four days ago. … Articles appearing after this timeframe are likely to be misclassified as a separate event.
  • MMRS-09 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, How it works s4 documented
    The pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old.
  • MMRS-23 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: cadence (evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents-methodology, basis operator) documented
    daily
12the record: machine-writtenOECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI5 claims · B1, B3, MMRS
  • F28 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 5 documented · field
    Each event is enriched with relevant metadata, including an event title, summary, the harm type, severity, affected stakeholders, and the country where it occurred, among others. This metadata is LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event, selected from different news outlets.
  • F29 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 5, continued documented · field
    Articles are ranked based on their outlets’ ranking in their respective country. This approach ensures a balance between the popularity of the outlets and fair geographical representation. Currently, the summary and metadata are generated at the time the incident or hazard is added to the AIM.
  • F8 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, result list, the first item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29) documented · field
    Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard? … Therefore, the event is best classified as an AI Hazard due to the credible risk of AI exacerbating economic disparities and job losses in the future.[AI generated]
  • F9 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, result list, an item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29) documented · field
    It is not Complementary Information because the article is not about responses or updates to a past incident, nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated.[AI generated]
  • MMRS-25 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: properties.preserves_original_outputs (basis operator) documented
    no: titles, summaries and metadata are LLM-written from the top articles
13the monitor as machine receptionMMRS2 claims · MMRS, capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029
  • MMRS-12 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What its selection leaves out s3 interpretation
    The record's own wording is machine-written from the articles, so the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news: its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources.
  • CAP-1-03 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[0] s4 interpretation
    The record reads the monitor as itself a machine reception of the news; the composition reads it as an aggregator of the news.
14countOECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI4 claims · B1, B3, MMRS
  • F7 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, results line documented · field
    Results: About 18579 incidents & hazards
  • MMRS-22 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: count (as of 2026-10-28; evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents, basis observed) documented
    about 18,579 incidents and hazards
  • F32 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Summary table, Identification and classification documented · field
    On average, about 1 000 AI events are analysed daily, resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards.
  • F33 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Summary table, note documented · field
    the AIM detects on average 30 incidents and hazards per day.
15trend: counts and sharesOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD2 claims · B1, B4
  • F4 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s4 documented · field
    AI incidents seem to be getting more media attention lately, but they've actually gone down as a share of all AI news (see chart below!).
  • F40 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §1 Introduction ¶8 documented · field
    Between 2022 and 2025, the number of AI incidents and hazards reported by the media rose steadily, from 92 to 324 per month on average (Figure 1.1, Panel A). However, their share relative to total AI news declined, from 3.2% in 2022 to around 2.5% in 2025 (Figure 1.1, Panel B).
16limits: a subset of what happensOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD4 claims · B3, B4
  • F15 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶3 documented · field
    While recognising the likelihood that these incidents and hazards only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide, these publicly reported incidents and hazards nonetheless provide a useful starting point for building the evidence base.
  • F36 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶5 documented · field
    The findings reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking of AI incidents and hazards. Importantly, media reports capture only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy.
  • F37 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶6 documented · field
    Conversely, reliance on media sources may introduce errors of inclusion, as some reported incidents may be mischaracterised, exaggerated, or inaccurately attributed to AI due to limited background or technical understanding.
  • F44 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §2, after Figure 2.1 documented · field
    These trends do not measure how severe incidents are, the types of harm involved, or the number of affected stakeholders, and should not be read as indicators of these factors.
17limits: the monitor's own disclaimersOECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI4 claims · B1, B3
  • F5 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶2 documented · field
    The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries.
  • F23 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Third-Party Information documented · field
    the AIM is populated with news articles from various third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation.
  • F24 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Errors and Omissions documented · field
    The OECD cannot guarantee and does not independently verify the accuracy, completeness, or validity of third-party information provided in the AIM.
  • F17 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶5 documented · field
    The data collection and analysis for the AIM is done to ensure, to the best extent possible, the reliability, objectivity and quality of the information for AI incidents and hazards.
18the record kept apart from the entityMMRS3 claims · MMRS
  • MMRS-31 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: schema_note (v2, 2026-10-28) stipulation
    each page has two nodes, the MMRS record and the entity it describes; relations are typed; each assertion carries a source and a basis (operator statement, third-party report, our observation, our reading); lifecycle is kept apart from the observation that saw it
  • MMRS-27 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: lifecycle.state (observed 2026-10-28, read) documented
    active
  • MMRS-26 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: unchecked self-description
    launch date … licence
19themes: the 2026 paper's analysisOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD5 claims · B4, capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029
  • F35 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Abstract documented · field
    This paper analyses live data from the OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM), classifying media reports into 14 themes, including synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy, and health. It identifies three distinct patterns of media coverage – increasing, intermittent, and declining – and traces how media attention shifts across themes over time.
  • F41 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Annex A, Identifying key thematic clusters ¶1 documented · field
    LLM-generated summaries of AI incidents and hazards were collected and transformed into a semantic representation capturing the underlying concepts. Using a k-means clustering algorithm, these reports were classified into 25 thematic clusters each capturing semantically similar risk characteristics. … This resulted in 14 distinct themes.
  • F42 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Annex A, Clustering ¶2 documented · field
    Since these methods gave inconsistent results, the authors chose 25 clusters based on a qualitative keywords review.
  • F43 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §2 ¶2 documented · field
    To maintain analytical clarity and avoid double counting, each media-reported incident or hazard is assigned to the single most relevant theme based on the available information.
  • CAP-1-06 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[2] self-description
    FOURTEEN THEMES. The count comes from a card ('Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media'); the methodology page read gives no count of themes. Not verified here.
20place: the common reporting framework and proxiesOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD1 claim · B4
  • F45 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶2–4 documented · field
    In early 2025, the members of the Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) approved a common framework for reporting AI incidents, designed as an international data-sharing template for public and private organisations across jurisdictions and sectors … At present, there are few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards. … Proxy indicators – such as court rulings on AI-related cases or media reports – can offer partial insights into where and what types of incidents are occurring.
21next steps: open submission, other sourcesOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD2 claims · B3, B4
  • F16 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶4 documented · field
    An open submission process following the common reporting framework for AI incidents is currently being developed to complement AI incidents and hazards from news articles. Other next steps include complementing incidents and hazards with court rulings and decisions by supervisory authorities wherever they exist.
  • F46 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §6 Conclusion ¶4 documented · field
    Next steps could include allowing open submissions to complement media-based monitoring and reorganising incidents and hazards visually by theme to support deeper analysis.
22neighbours: the AI Incident DatabaseOECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)5 claims · B5, MMRS
  • MMRS-13 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, Place in the field s1 interpretation
    It is the automated counterpart of the AI Incident Database, whose editors resolve each submission.
  • MMRS-16 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: aiaaic-repository (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/aiaaic-repository/), editor Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py ARTICLES['aiaaic-repository'], Place in the field s1 interpretation
    It is the oldest of the three harm repositories in this census, beside the AI Incident Database and the OECD monitor.
  • MMRS-29 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: relations[1–2] (neighbour) documented
    ai-incident-database … aiaaic-repository
  • MMRS-15 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: ai-incident-database (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/ai-incident-database/), Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py ARTICLES['ai-incident-database'], Place in the field s2 interpretation
    Its neighbours in the harm basin are the OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor, which is automated and news-derived, and the AIAAIC Repository.
  • F60 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Acknowledgements ¶2 documented · field
    Many experts provided invaluable feedback and suggestions, including Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative)
23holding: the Tow Center studyOECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537)5 claims · B7, MMRS
  • MMRS-14 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, Place in the field s2 documented
    A research study can enter it as an event: the Tow Center's 2025 study of AI search citation is filed as an incident.
  • MMRS-28 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: relations[0] (holding: oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-03-11-8537) documented
    The Tow Center AI search citation study, filed as an incident … a research study entering a harm monitor as an event
  • F62 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), item title and summary documented · field
    AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers … A study by the Tow Center found that eight AI-powered search engines and chatbots, including ChatGPT, Perplexity and Elon Musk’s Grok3, frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit and driving down traffic. Over 60% of responses contained wrong or broken links, undermining journalistic credibility.[AI generated]
  • F63 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), label explanation; harm types documented · field
    Hence, the event meets the criteria for an AI Incident as it involves realized harm caused by AI system outputs.[AI generated] … Harm types Economic/PropertyReputationalPublic interest
  • F64 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), articles list (25 articles, 2025-03-11 to 2025-03-17) documented · field
    Articles about this incident or hazard … New study finds that AI search tools are 60 percent inaccurate on average 2025-03-11 TechSpot
24relation: media monitors and the archive's instruments#637 The Encyclotron: The First Reproducible Instrument for Measuring Schol · 2026-04-081 claim · #637
  • O637-01 #637 The Encyclotron: The First Reproducible Instrument for Measuring Scholarly Fidelity in the Summarizer Layer (EA-ENCYCLOT Lee Sharks · 2026-04-08 · §VIII THE ENCYCLOTRON IS NOT, 'Not media monitoring' interpretation
    **Not media monitoring.** Media monitors track coverage of events. The Encyclotron tracks the representation of entire fields of scholarship — not what was said yesterday but what the retrieval layer thinks the field has been saying for decades.
25reception: videoYouTube·International Association for Safe & Ethical AI — Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell1 claim · B6
  • F61 YouTube·International Association for Safe & Ethical AI — Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell, oEmbed title (video, 29:48) documented · field
    Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell | IASEAI 2025
26reception: the composition layercapture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-202610297 claims · MMRS, capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029
  • CAP-1-01 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[0] s1–2 documented
    THE PIPELINE'S INPUT RIGHT, ITS MACHINE UNSAID. Event Registry and the 150,000 articles a day are the methodology page's.
  • CAP-1-05 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[1] interpretation
    THE MAKER. The methodology page says the monitor 'was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents' with support from the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; 'developed by the OECD.AI Policy Observatory in collaboration with' is close.
  • CAP-1-02 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[0] s3 documented
    That large language models have classified the events since November 2024 and written their titles and summaries (GPT-4o mini, GPT-4o, o3-mini) is not said.
  • CAP-1-07 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field analysis Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, analysis s1 interpretation
    The monitor is composed from its own methodology page with its inputs and definitions right and its classifier left out, the part of its method that makes each record a machine composition.
  • CAP-1-04 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[0] s5 documented
    Checked 2026-10-29 against the MMRS meta-aggregator record of 2026-10-28 and the entity's own pages, re-read the same day.
  • CAP-1-08 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field analysis Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, analysis s2 interpretation
    The record holds what the composition drops.
  • MMRS-30 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: relations[3] (capture) documented
    the composition layer's account of the entity, seated in the Capture Registry
AIO's transcript, a record · oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor · Google AI Overview (expanded) · 219 words · 6 cards
[Google AI Overview at the query, signed out and incognito (operator defaults of 2026-10-01 and 2026-10-14), 2026-10-29. The paste is the Overview expanded (the 'AI Mode Conversation' view, with the source cards that follow the answer); the 'You said' line carries the query twice, run together, and is given once here. Inline links are Google redirect URLs, kept as pasted. The closing disclaimer cut.]

[QUERENT] oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor

[SYSTEM] The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) is a real-time tracking tool developed by the [OECD.AI Policy Observatory](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESVAHrOzAVUi7qVAjNNOTx69xH5ATui6ipL9aProgFmumHzx53OmaDa7NSpN5S9tM68o5UDj7Dr25w4-LXqdh1X88iNMFRJKVULlk3sQVOOpD7GUbOBA) in collaboration with the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation to monitor actual and potential risks posed by artificial intelligence. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVsifMuhOaNwDAlzQjnIy4vrRKr8I29XG5C1WVNVzL3bhCTNw4fI2laOpcyKH7J9IvN8a-ZLn_J0sSyfVklrlhS5SXPO5ES6BEJry4oAExji4krUQwGXL-QXS8LA)]
What is AIM?

* Real-Time Tracking: It continuously aggregates and analyzes world news using the Event Registry platform, processing over 150,000 news articles daily to detect AI-related events. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVsifMuhOaNwDAlzQjnIy4vrRKr8I29XG5C1WVNVzL3bhCTNw4fI2laOpcyKH7J9IvN8a-ZLn_J0sSyfVklrlhS5SXPO5ES6BEJry4oAExji4krUQwGXL-QXS8LA)]
* Evidence Base: It provides policymakers, developers, and the public with empirical data on how AI risks materialize globally. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAEScgHrOzAVwqGhkYf9SorcbvbHFWp_yWUbilndOVejGwP1BWdb70lPllHnV1OjwaTm5Y9FgGTIZq7Kp8R6J_FH6eqmP3iFvVP96kVDPEpPu6PtUwb2-QUKtq1yM-9TeqGc3XFOXGl2Ii12XPQC4GTLKczY8Q)]
* Thematic Classification: Media reports are categorized into 14 distinct risk themes—including synthetic media, cyberattacks and fraud, autonomous vehicles, large language model (LLM) hallucinations, labour market disruptions, and child safety. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAES0AEB6zswFYLY51dmCDGurZz4gWMqC-7KglkUpW8R58-wEyoBErrIXAE9wwqKc-I5WJ9C-1xV45aAmo1k43aiSQjBL0HHQFLR3eIsodmqP3t7r_Z6YnYIuowoEFGR2A-rYXqKYu4bCudI2GGXW34SouXiclBw-T_TwZ8752-VBB22X5T7-4hKl9KmgYIO4vpmYD1lZnAXfb_C2N18OrAdz0wyA_Hz3HuhVZLeWM8aFQVcNo6xsX5pHK73cgoH3cRadz4bs7B7-ACtR39gjbS62CW9)]

Core Definitions

* AI Incident: An event where the development, use, or malfunction of an AI system results in actual harm (such as injury, health damage, critical infrastructure disruption, or human/fundamental rights violations). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESvwEB6zswFUvO0WIPQci2_9cuQ6dgwia0HnlKfkbVEioarjsOjSj7qSK7BtqB3RyzC6XnhKdbt5zqVb_d4DZLSrr1VcNSwpB47jUUHtdtl0UIZYY0yrbz1XEZP7SEaCGq_wc_MyqVHYF2F20ZRDvTS2Zcb5E7ryTnOJUoA0WwDyyKkUmD70TFzTB_QsyQ0VskBWHqrig-5DOvy1q5u3FAKCkeWDbbiJJicPGAPT3JseVLPqlr8LNMWs4smXNL6Y_8bg), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVsifMuhOaNwDAlzQjnIy4vrRKr8I29XG5C1WVNVzL3bhCTNw4fI2laOpcyKH7J9IvN8a-ZLn_J0sSyfVklrlhS5SXPO5ES6BEJry4oAExji4krUQwGXL-QXS8LA)]
* AI Hazard: An event or circumstance where the development or use of an AI system could plausibly lead to an AI incident (a near-harm or precursor event). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYwHrOzAVtE9jKcZNvE_OmeBiRpwxCS9nvkv1CjSAtUFn190mOqznUJVzc1Ou0-qoKeXxvZNe36cPWXoM6mjc9UiW-wu4F8mxspLbCDCb2Qo9SWeJA6nGNeXO-Xm0URGEUWrtlg), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESYAHrOzAVsifMuhOaNwDAlzQjnIy4vrRKr8I29XG5C1WVNVzL3bhCTNw4fI2laOpcyKH7J9IvN8a-ZLn_J0sSyfVklrlhS5SXPO5ES6BEJry4oAExji4krUQwGXL-QXS8LA), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESvwEB6zswFUvO0WIPQci2_9cuQ6dgwia0HnlKfkbVEioarjsOjSj7qSK7BtqB3RyzC6XnhKdbt5zqVb_d4DZLSrr1VcNSwpB47jUUHtdtl0UIZYY0yrbz1XEZP7SEaCGq_wc_MyqVHYF2F20ZRDvTS2Zcb5E7ryTnOJUoA0WwDyyKkUmD70TFzTB_QsyQ0VskBWHqrig-5DOvy1q5u3FAKCkeWDbbiJJicPGAPT3JseVLPqlr8LNMWs4smXNL6Y_8bg)]

Access the Monitor

* You can explore live data, interactive filters, and recent tracking reports directly on the [OECD AI Incidents Monitor](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESVAHrOzAVUi7qVAjNNOTx69xH5ATui6ipL9aProgFmumHzx53OmaDa7NSpN5S9tM68o5UDj7Dr25w4-LXqdh1X88iNMFRJKVULlk3sQVOOpD7GUbOBA). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESVAHrOzAVUi7qVAjNNOTx69xH5ATui6ipL9aProgFmumHzx53OmaDa7NSpN5S9tM68o5UDj7Dr25w4-LXqdh1X88iNMFRJKVULlk3sQVOOpD7GUbOBA)]

Would you like to explore specific risk categories (such as labor market impacts or synthetic media) or look into the common reporting framework guidelines?
OECD AI Policy Observatory
OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI
Evolution of incidents and hazard by affected stakeholder As percentage of total AI events Note: An AI incident or hazard can be reported by one or more news ar...
OECD
AI risks and incidents
All actors must monitor AI incidents and hazards to mitigate risks As AI adoption continues to grow, successful risk mitigation will require a solid evidence ba...
OECD AI Policy Observatory
Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI
Overview The AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Pat...
OECD
Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD
8 The OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) tracks these media-reported AI incidents and hazards in real-time and leverages the OECD common reporting fram...
OECD
Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)
OECD May 2024 Report No. 16 defines AI incident terminology for reporting frameworks and the AI Incidents Monitor (AIM), approved 14 Mar 2024 by the Digital Pol...
YouTube·International Association for Safe & Ethical AI
29:48
Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell ...

register entry oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029

Expansion · Field and archive, equal terms — L(B ∪ A)29 sentences · every one sourced below

The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor

The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) is an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI, whose census gives its kind as a monitor (MMRS record); its own page calls it an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)", which the MMRS record quotes, and the OECD's trends paper of February 2026 describes it as tracking media-reported AI incidents and hazards "in real-time" and leveraging the OECD common reporting framework to categorise them consistently. Its methodology page records that it was previously the AI Incidents Monitor, the name the MMRS record gives beside AIM, and that its use is subject to the OECD's terms and conditions. The methodology page says it "was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation"; the OECD's definitions paper dates the group to January 2023, when the OECD formalised it to develop a common AI incident reporting framework and an AI Incidents Monitor, and the MMRS record names OECD.AI as operator, on the methodology page's evidence. Its own page says it documents incidents and hazards so that policymakers, AI practitioners and all stakeholders may gain insight into the risks and harms of AI systems, and that over time it will help show risk patterns and a collective understanding of them; the methodology page sets its goal as tracking incidents and hazards "as defined by the OECD, in real time" to provide the evidence base for policy discussion, and the OECD's topic page, read by its card's snippet only, says all actors must monitor incidents and hazards and that risk mitigation will require a solid evidence base.

Its terms are the OECD's: the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 16, May 2024), written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda, approved by the Digital Policy Committee on 14 March 2024 and built on a stocktaking of more than 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments, provides them to inform the common reporting framework and "its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM)", and the methodology page and the MMRS record both source the monitor's definitions to it. An AI incident is "an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to" harm to the health of a person or groups, disruption of critical infrastructure, violations of human rights or breaches of law protecting fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights, or harm to property, communities or the environment (the paper; restated on the methodology page), and an AI hazard is such an event that "could plausibly lead to an AI incident", near misses included (the paper; the methodology page); the MMRS record gives the two terms in brief, the hazard in the paper's words. The paper places reputational harm to individuals, hate speech and mis- and disinformation under (c), as a breach of fundamental rights, and violations of authors' and personal rights there too, with industrial property under (d); the definitions rest on the OECD Recommendation's definition of an AI system (2019, revised 2024), as the methodology page states. The paper also grades the terms, serious AI incidents a subset "intended to include substantial, material incidents", an AI disaster a serious incident that may test or exceed a society's capacity to cope, and serious AI hazards a subset of hazards, and leaves seriousness context-dependent and "left for further discussion"; its governing limit is that the definitions aim at interoperability "while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address".

Its unit is the event: an incident or hazard "can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event", its own page notes, its data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry, and the MMRS record's census gives the unit as an incident or hazard, an event in which an AI system leads, or could plausibly lead, to harm. Its intake is the news: the methodology page says the monitor detects incidents and hazards "from reputable international news outlets", with data from Event Registry, a news intelligence platform "processing over 150 000 news articles daily", whose events are clusters of articles on one happening tagged with concepts, only events with AI concepts reaching the monitor; the trends paper adds that the data rely on the top 50% of media outlets by Alexa traffic ranking, and the MMRS record gives the same clustering and tagging and reads admission as an event entering when reputable outlets report it.

Since November 2024 its classifiers are large language models (methodology page): from Event Registry's event summary, OpenAI's GPT-4o mini filters out events that seem unrelated and GPT-4o reclassifies the rest as incidents or hazards, each article is then classified from its own content and the event takes the most common label among its articles, and items collected before November 2024, classified then "using traditional machine learning techniques", are being re-annotated with the same method. Similar events are grouped through the ten nearest summaries by cosine similarity, o3-mini deciding whether they cluster, and the pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old, articles later than that being "likely to be misclassified as a separate event" (methodology page). The MMRS record gives the same pipeline: AI-tagged news events read from Event Registry daily and, since November 2024, large language models that sort them into incidents and hazards and write their summaries (GPT-4o mini filtering, GPT-4o reclassifying, o3-mini writing the title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from the top three articles), new items matched to existing events by embedding similarity, its census intake "automated" and its cadence daily.

Each record's title, summary and metadata are written by a model: the methodology page says the title, summary, harm type, severity, affected stakeholders and country are "LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event", the articles chosen by their outlets' ranking in their country and the metadata generated once, when the item is added, and on the monitor's own page its summaries and the explanations of its labels are marked "[AI generated]", some explanations ruling out further classes by name ("It is not Complementary Information … nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated"). The MMRS record draws the consequence: the record does not preserve the original outputs, its titles, summaries and metadata LLM-written from the top articles, so "the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news: its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources"; the Capture Registry (2026-10-29) sets this reading against the composition layer's, which reads the monitor "as an aggregator of the news".

Its page listed "About 18579 incidents & hazards" on 29 October 2026, the count the MMRS record observed on 28 October; the methodology page gives two daily rates, about 1,000 events analysed a day "resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards" and, in its table's note, "on average 30 incidents and hazards per day". Its page says incidents "seem to be getting more media attention lately" but have gone down as a share of all AI news, and the trends paper counts 92 a month in 2022 rising to 324 in 2025 while their share of AI news fell from 3.2% to around 2.5%.

Its limits are stated by its sources: the methodology page recognises that these publicly reported incidents and hazards likely "only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide", a starting point for an evidence base, and the trends paper that its findings "reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking", media capturing "only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy", that reliance on media may admit incidents mischaracterised, exaggerated or inaccurately attributed to AI, and that its trends do not measure severity, harm type or the number of stakeholders affected. Its disclosures say that its information should not be reported as the official views of the OECD or its members, that it is populated with articles from third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation, that the OECD "does not independently verify" their accuracy, completeness or validity, and that collection and analysis seek reliability, objectivity and quality "to the best extent possible". What its selection leaves out, in the MMRS record's reading: admission requires harm, an incident or a hazard that could plausibly lead to one, and "a harm no outlet reports has no event to cluster". The MMRS record keeps itself apart from the entity, each assertion carrying a source and a basis and the lifecycle kept apart from the observation that saw it: the monitor active as read on 28 October 2026, its launch date and its licence unchecked; the trends paper carries its own licence on its rights page, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

The fourteen themes are the trends paper's (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 53, February 2026): it classifies the monitor's media reports into 14 themes, among them synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy and health, with three patterns of coverage, increasing, intermittent and declining, by collecting the monitor's "LLM-generated summaries", clustering them by k-means into 25 clusters, a number chosen "based on a qualitative keywords review" when the statistical tests gave inconsistent results, consolidating them into 14 and assigning each item a single theme. The Capture Registry (2026-10-29) records that the composition's count of fourteen themes comes from that card, that the methodology page gives no count of themes, and that it did not verify the count.

The trends paper places the monitor where there are "few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards", media reports among the proxy indicators that give partial insight, beside the common framework for reporting AI incidents that the Global Partnership on AI approved in early 2025; the methodology page names as next steps an open submission process under that framework and court rulings and supervisory decisions, and the trends paper open submissions and a record reorganised by theme. In the MMRS record it is the automated counterpart of the AI Incident Database, "whose editors resolve each submission", and with the AIAAIC Repository one of the census's three harm repositories, its neighbours in the harm basin, "automated and news-derived" in the MMRS record of the AI Incident Database; the definitions paper thanks that database's founder, Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative), among the experts who gave feedback. A research study can enter it as an event (MMRS record): the Tow Center's study of AI search citation is filed as an incident, "a research study entering a harm monitor as an event", and on its page the item, titled "AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers", carries a machine-written summary in which eight search engines and chatbots "frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit", is labelled an AI incident with harm types economic/property, reputational and public interest, and is built from news articles about the study, the earliest dated 11 March 2025. The archive sets one of its own instruments apart from the class: "Media monitors track coverage of events", while the Encyclotron (#637) tracks the representation of entire fields of scholarship, "not what was said yesterday but what the retrieval layer thinks the field has been saying for decades".

Its card rail at its name also carries a conference talk admitted by its title, "Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell | IASEAI 2025". At its name the Overview gave the monitor's input as its methodology page does, Event Registry and 150,000 articles a day, and a maker close to the page's, and did not say that large language models have classified its events since November 2024 and written their titles and summaries: it composed the monitor "with its inputs and definitions right and its classifier left out, the part of its method that makes each record a machine composition" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29, checked against the MMRS record and the entity's own pages), the record holding "what the composition drops", and the MMRS record lists the capture as the composition layer's account of the entity.

Provenance — every sentence sourced29 sentences

29 sentences; 64 field claims, 40 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) is an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI, whose census gives its kind as a monitor (MMRS record); its own page calls it an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)", which the MMRS record quotes, and the OECD's trends paper of February 2026 describes it as tracking media-reported AI incidents and hazards "in real-time" and leveraging the OECD common reporting framework to categorise them consistently.5
  • MMRS-01 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py ARTICLES['oecd-ai-incidents-monitor'], kernel s1 stipulation
    The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) is an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI.
  • MMRS-19 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: kind; roles stipulation
    monitor
  • F1 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, header (subtitle under 'AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor') documented · field
    Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)
  • MMRS-03 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What it is s1 attributed
    The monitor calls itself an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)."
  • F38 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶7 documented · field
    The OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) tracks these media-reported AI incidents and hazards in real-time and leverages the OECD common reporting framework to categorise them consistently.
2.Its methodology page records that it was previously the AI Incidents Monitor, the name the MMRS record gives beside AIM, and that its use is subject to the OECD's terms and conditions.2
  • F22 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Background documented · field
    Your use of the OECD AI incidents and hazards monitor (previously AI Incidents Monitor) (“AIM”) is subject to the terms and conditions found at www.oecd.org/termsandconditions.
  • MMRS-17 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: aka documented
    AI Incidents Monitor
3.The methodology page says it "was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation"; the OECD's definitions paper dates the group to January 2023, when the OECD formalised it to develop a common AI incident reporting framework and an AI Incidents Monitor, and the MMRS record names OECD.AI as operator, on the methodology page's evidence.3
  • F11 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶1 s1 documented · field
    The AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation.
  • F50 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Executive summary ¶1 documented · field
    In January 2023, the OECD formalised the OECD.AI Expert Group on AI Incidents to advance the development of i) a common AI incident reporting framework and ii) an AI Incidents Monitor (AIM).
  • MMRS-18 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: operator (evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents-methodology, basis operator) documented
    OECD.AI
4.Its own page says it documents incidents and hazards so that policymakers, AI practitioners and all stakeholders may gain insight into the risks and harms of AI systems, and that over time it will help show risk patterns and a collective understanding of them; the methodology page sets its goal as tracking incidents and hazards "as defined by the OECD, in real time" to provide the evidence base for policy discussion, and the OECD's topic page, read by its card's snippet only, says all actors must monitor incidents and hazards and that risk mitigation will require a solid evidence base.4
  • F2 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners, and all stakeholders worldwide gain valuable insights into the risks and harms of AI systems.
  • F3 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Over time, AIM will help to show risk patterns and establish a collective understanding of AI incidents and hazards and their multifaceted nature, serving as an important tool for trustworthy AI.
  • F12 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The goal of the AIM is to track actual AI incidents and hazards, as defined by the OECD, in real time and provide the evidence-base to inform related AI policy discussions.
  • F10 OECD — AI risks and incidents, card snippet (page HTTP 403) documented · field
    All actors must monitor AI incidents and hazards to mitigate risks As AI adoption continues to grow, successful risk mitigation will require a solid evidence ba...
5.Its terms are the OECD's: the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 16, May 2024), written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda, approved by the Digital Policy Committee on 14 March 2024 and built on a stocktaking of more than 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments, provides them to inform the common reporting framework and "its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM)", and the methodology page and the MMRS record both source the monitor's definitions to it.5
  • F48 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), cover; Foreword ¶1 documented · field
    May 2024 No. 16 … This report provides a definition of AI incident and related terminology. These definitions aim to clarify what constitutes an AI incident, an AI hazard, and associated terminology without being overly prescriptive. This document will inform the development of a common AI incidents reporting framework and its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM).
  • F49 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Foreword ¶3–4 documented · field
    The report was written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda under the supervision of Audrey Plonk, Deputy Director of the OECD Science Technology and Innovation Directorate. … This paper was approved and declassified by written procedure by the OECD Digital Policy Committee (DPC) on 14 March 2024 and prepared for publication by the OECD Secretariat.
  • F59 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §3 ¶4 documented · field
    This classification is based on a stocktaking exercise of over 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments relevant to risk and harms
  • F18 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions ¶1 documented · field
    Published in May 2024, the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms, defines an event where the development or use of an AI system results in actual harm as an “AI incident”, while an event where the development or use of an AI system is potentially harmful is termed an “AI hazard”.
  • MMRS-05 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What it is s3 documented
    The definitions follow the OECD's paper of May 2024.
6.An AI incident is "an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to" harm to the health of a person or groups, disruption of critical infrastructure, violations of human rights or breaches of law protecting fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights, or harm to property, communities or the environment (the paper; restated on the methodology page), and an AI hazard is such an event that "could plausibly lead to an AI incident", near misses included (the paper; the methodology page); the MMRS record gives the two terms in brief, the hazard in the paper's words.6
  • F51 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 Draft definition of an AI incident documented · field
    An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms: (a) injury or harm to the health of a person or groups of people; (b) disruption of the management and operation of critical infrastructure; (c) violations of human rights or a breach of obligations under the applicable law intended to protect fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights; (d) harm to property, communities or the environment.
  • F19 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI incident documented · field
    An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms:
  • F52 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 Draft definition of an AI hazard documented · field
    An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:
  • F20 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI hazard documented · field
    An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:
  • F53 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 key clarifications documented · field
    Near misses are events that could have led to an AI incident and are therefore included under this definition of AI hazards.
  • MMRS-04 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What it is s2 attributed
    An AI incident is an event in which the development, use or malfunction of an AI system directly or indirectly leads to harm; an AI hazard is an event that "could plausibly lead to an AI incident."
7.The paper places reputational harm to individuals, hate speech and mis- and disinformation under (c), as a breach of fundamental rights, and violations of authors' and personal rights there too, with industrial property under (d); the definitions rest on the OECD Recommendation's definition of an AI system (2019, revised 2024), as the methodology page states.2
  • F56 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 key clarifications documented · field
    Reputational harm to individuals and intangible harms such as hate speech and mis- and disinformation are included under (c) in relation to a breach of fundamental rights. … For example, violations of authors’ and personal rights fit into (c), while violations of industrial property rights are included under the concept of harm to property in (d).
  • F21 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI system documented · field
    These definitions were built based on the definition of an AI system as described in the OECD recommendation on AI of 2019 and revised in 2024. An AI system is a machine-based system that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments.
8.The paper also grades the terms, serious AI incidents a subset "intended to include substantial, material incidents", an AI disaster a serious incident that may test or exceed a society's capacity to cope, and serious AI hazards a subset of hazards, and leaves seriousness context-dependent and "left for further discussion"; its governing limit is that the definitions aim at interoperability "while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address".4
  • F54 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 serious AI incident; AI disaster documented · field
    Serious AI incidents are a subset of AI incidents and are intended to include substantial, material incidents. … An AI disaster is a serious AI incident that disrupts the functioning of a community or a society and that may test or exceed its capacity to cope, using its own resources.
  • F55 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 serious AI hazard documented · field
    Serious AI hazards are a subset of AI hazards.
  • F58 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §6 Conclusion ¶2 documented · field
    Assessing the “seriousness” of an AI incident, harm, damage, or disruption (e.g., to determine whether an event is classified as an incident or a serious incident) is context-dependent and is also left for further discussion.
  • F57 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Abstract documented · field
    These definitions aim to foster international interoperability while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address.
9.Its unit is the event: an incident or hazard "can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event", its own page notes, its data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry, and the MMRS record's census gives the unit as an incident or hazard, an event in which an AI system leads, or could plausibly lead, to harm.2
  • F6 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, chart block, note documented · field
    Note: An AI incident or hazard can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event. Data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry.
  • MMRS-20 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: unit (evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents-methodology, basis operator) documented
    incident or hazard (an event in which an AI system leads, or could plausibly lead, to harm)
10.Its intake is the news: the methodology page says the monitor detects incidents and hazards "from reputable international news outlets", with data from Event Registry, a news intelligence platform "processing over 150 000 news articles daily", whose events are clusters of articles on one happening tagged with concepts, only events with AI concepts reaching the monitor; the trends paper adds that the data rely on the top 50% of media outlets by Alexa traffic ranking, and the MMRS record gives the same clustering and tagging and reads admission as an event entering when reputable outlets report it.5
  • F13 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶2 s1–2 documented · field
    The AIM detects AI incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets. The data is provided by Event Registry (ER), a news intelligence platform that monitors and aggregates world news by processing over 150 000 news articles daily.
  • F14 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶2 s3–5 documented · field
    Event Registry detects events, which are clusters of news articles reporting on the same happening. These events are tagged with related concepts. The events provided by Event Registry to AIM are limited to those that include AI concepts.
  • F39 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §1 Introduction ¶6 documented · field
    Currently the data rely on reports from the top 50% of media outlets, based on the Alexa traffic rankings (OECD.AI, 2025[6]). These reports are aggregated by Event Registry, a news intelligence platform which monitors over 150 000 news articles daily.
  • MMRS-06 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, How it works s1 documented
    Event Registry clusters news articles about one happening into an event, and only events tagged with AI concepts reach the monitor.
  • MMRS-10 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What its selection leaves out s1 interpretation
    An event enters when reputable outlets report it.
11.Since November 2024 its classifiers are large language models (methodology page): from Event Registry's event summary, OpenAI's GPT-4o mini filters out events that seem unrelated and GPT-4o reclassifies the rest as incidents or hazards, each article is then classified from its own content and the event takes the most common label among its articles, and items collected before November 2024, classified then "using traditional machine learning techniques", are being re-annotated with the same method.4
  • F25 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology ¶1–2 documented · field
    Since November 2024, incidents and hazards are identified and added to the AIM through the following steps. Historical incidents and hazards, collected prior to November 2024, are currently being retrospectively annotated using the same methodology to ensure consistency.
  • F26 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 2 documented · field
    LLMs are used to classify AI-related events into three categories: AI incidents, AI hazards or unrelated events, as defined above. This classification is based on the event summary provided from Event Registry. The classification follows a two-step process: first, a smaller model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o mini) filters out events that seem unrelated to AI incidents and hazards; next, a larger model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o) reclassifies the remaining events to confirm whether they are incidents or hazards.
  • F27 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 3 documented · field
    Individual news articles are classified into incidents and hazards using LLMs, following the same process as for events. In this case, however, article content is used instead of event summaries to enhance reliability. … If some articles are classified differently, the event will adopt the most common classification among them.
  • F34 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology, last ¶ documented · field
    Prior to November 2024, AI incidents and hazards were classified and included on the AIM using traditional machine learning techniques.
12.Similar events are grouped through the ten nearest summaries by cosine similarity, o3-mini deciding whether they cluster, and the pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old, articles later than that being "likely to be misclassified as a separate event" (methodology page).2
  • F30 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 6 documented · field
    Similar events are grouped by analysing their summaries and identifying related events in AIM using cosine similarity. For each new incident or hazard, the top 10 closest summaries (i.e., “embeddings”) from existing events in AIM are identified. An LLM (OpenAI’s o3-mini) is then used to assess whether any of these similar events can be clustered together.
  • F31 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Update frequency ¶1–2 documented · field
    The pipeline runs daily, processing events from one to four days ago. … Articles appearing after this timeframe are likely to be misclassified as a separate event.
13.The MMRS record gives the same pipeline: AI-tagged news events read from Event Registry daily and, since November 2024, large language models that sort them into incidents and hazards and write their summaries (GPT-4o mini filtering, GPT-4o reclassifying, o3-mini writing the title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from the top three articles), new items matched to existing events by embedding similarity, its census intake "automated" and its cadence daily.6
  • MMRS-02 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, kernel s2 documented
    It reads AI-tagged news events from Event Registry daily and, since November 2024, has large language models sort them into incidents and hazards and write their summaries; about 18,579 are listed.
  • MMRS-07 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, How it works s2 documented
    Since November 2024 a small model (GPT-4o mini) filters, a larger one (GPT-4o) reclassifies, and o3-mini writes the title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from the top three articles.
  • MMRS-08 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, How it works s3 documented
    New items are matched to existing events by embedding similarity.
  • MMRS-21 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: intake (evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents-methodology, basis operator) documented
    automated: news articles aggregated by Event Registry; since November 2024, LLM classification (GPT-4o mini, then GPT-4o) and LLM-written metadata (o3-mini); daily
  • MMRS-09 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, How it works s4 documented
    The pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old.
  • MMRS-23 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: cadence (evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents-methodology, basis operator) documented
    daily
14.Each record's title, summary and metadata are written by a model: the methodology page says the title, summary, harm type, severity, affected stakeholders and country are "LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event", the articles chosen by their outlets' ranking in their country and the metadata generated once, when the item is added, and on the monitor's own page its summaries and the explanations of its labels are marked "[AI generated]", some explanations ruling out further classes by name ("It is not Complementary Information … nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated").4
  • F28 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 5 documented · field
    Each event is enriched with relevant metadata, including an event title, summary, the harm type, severity, affected stakeholders, and the country where it occurred, among others. This metadata is LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event, selected from different news outlets.
  • F29 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 5, continued documented · field
    Articles are ranked based on their outlets’ ranking in their respective country. This approach ensures a balance between the popularity of the outlets and fair geographical representation. Currently, the summary and metadata are generated at the time the incident or hazard is added to the AIM.
  • F8 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, result list, the first item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29) documented · field
    Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard? … Therefore, the event is best classified as an AI Hazard due to the credible risk of AI exacerbating economic disparities and job losses in the future.[AI generated]
  • F9 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, result list, an item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29) documented · field
    It is not Complementary Information because the article is not about responses or updates to a past incident, nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated.[AI generated]
15.The MMRS record draws the consequence: the record does not preserve the original outputs, its titles, summaries and metadata LLM-written from the top articles, so "the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news: its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources"; the Capture Registry (2026-10-29) sets this reading against the composition layer's, which reads the monitor "as an aggregator of the news".3
  • MMRS-25 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: properties.preserves_original_outputs (basis operator) documented
    no: titles, summaries and metadata are LLM-written from the top articles
  • MMRS-12 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What its selection leaves out s3 interpretation
    The record's own wording is machine-written from the articles, so the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news: its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources.
  • CAP-1-03 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[0] s4 interpretation
    The record reads the monitor as itself a machine reception of the news; the composition reads it as an aggregator of the news.
16.Its page listed "About 18579 incidents & hazards" on 29 October 2026, the count the MMRS record observed on 28 October; the methodology page gives two daily rates, about 1,000 events analysed a day "resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards" and, in its table's note, "on average 30 incidents and hazards per day".4
  • F7 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, results line documented · field
    Results: About 18579 incidents & hazards
  • MMRS-22 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: count (as of 2026-10-28; evidence: oecd.ai/en/incidents, basis observed) documented
    about 18,579 incidents and hazards
  • F32 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Summary table, Identification and classification documented · field
    On average, about 1 000 AI events are analysed daily, resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards.
  • F33 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Summary table, note documented · field
    the AIM detects on average 30 incidents and hazards per day.
17.Its page says incidents "seem to be getting more media attention lately" but have gone down as a share of all AI news, and the trends paper counts 92 a month in 2022 rising to 324 in 2025 while their share of AI news fell from 3.2% to around 2.5%.2
  • F4 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s4 documented · field
    AI incidents seem to be getting more media attention lately, but they've actually gone down as a share of all AI news (see chart below!).
  • F40 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §1 Introduction ¶8 documented · field
    Between 2022 and 2025, the number of AI incidents and hazards reported by the media rose steadily, from 92 to 324 per month on average (Figure 1.1, Panel A). However, their share relative to total AI news declined, from 3.2% in 2022 to around 2.5% in 2025 (Figure 1.1, Panel B).
18.Its limits are stated by its sources: the methodology page recognises that these publicly reported incidents and hazards likely "only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide", a starting point for an evidence base, and the trends paper that its findings "reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking", media capturing "only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy", that reliance on media may admit incidents mischaracterised, exaggerated or inaccurately attributed to AI, and that its trends do not measure severity, harm type or the number of stakeholders affected.4
  • F15 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶3 documented · field
    While recognising the likelihood that these incidents and hazards only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide, these publicly reported incidents and hazards nonetheless provide a useful starting point for building the evidence base.
  • F36 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶5 documented · field
    The findings reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking of AI incidents and hazards. Importantly, media reports capture only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy.
  • F37 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶6 documented · field
    Conversely, reliance on media sources may introduce errors of inclusion, as some reported incidents may be mischaracterised, exaggerated, or inaccurately attributed to AI due to limited background or technical understanding.
  • F44 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §2, after Figure 2.1 documented · field
    These trends do not measure how severe incidents are, the types of harm involved, or the number of affected stakeholders, and should not be read as indicators of these factors.
19.Its disclosures say that its information should not be reported as the official views of the OECD or its members, that it is populated with articles from third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation, that the OECD "does not independently verify" their accuracy, completeness or validity, and that collection and analysis seek reliability, objectivity and quality "to the best extent possible".4
  • F5 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶2 documented · field
    The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries.
  • F23 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Third-Party Information documented · field
    the AIM is populated with news articles from various third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation.
  • F24 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Errors and Omissions documented · field
    The OECD cannot guarantee and does not independently verify the accuracy, completeness, or validity of third-party information provided in the AIM.
  • F17 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶5 documented · field
    The data collection and analysis for the AIM is done to ensure, to the best extent possible, the reliability, objectivity and quality of the information for AI incidents and hazards.
20.What its selection leaves out, in the MMRS record's reading: admission requires harm, an incident or a hazard that could plausibly lead to one, and "a harm no outlet reports has no event to cluster".2
  • MMRS-24 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: properties.admission_requires_harm (basis operator) stipulation
    yes: an incident, or a hazard that could plausibly lead to one
  • MMRS-11 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, What its selection leaves out s2 interpretation
    A harm no outlet reports has no event to cluster.
21.The MMRS record keeps itself apart from the entity, each assertion carrying a source and a basis and the lifecycle kept apart from the observation that saw it: the monitor active as read on 28 October 2026, its launch date and its licence unchecked; the trends paper carries its own licence on its rights page, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.4
  • MMRS-31 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: schema_note (v2, 2026-10-28) stipulation
    each page has two nodes, the MMRS record and the entity it describes; relations are typed; each assertion carries a source and a basis (operator statement, third-party report, our observation, our reading); lifecycle is kept apart from the observation that saw it
  • MMRS-27 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: lifecycle.state (observed 2026-10-28, read) documented
    active
  • MMRS-26 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: unchecked self-description
    launch date … licence
  • F47 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, rights page documented · field
    Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
22.The fourteen themes are the trends paper's (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 53, February 2026): it classifies the monitor's media reports into 14 themes, among them synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy and health, with three patterns of coverage, increasing, intermittent and declining, by collecting the monitor's "LLM-generated summaries", clustering them by k-means into 25 clusters, a number chosen "based on a qualitative keywords review" when the statistical tests gave inconsistent results, consolidating them into 14 and assigning each item a single theme.4
  • F35 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Abstract documented · field
    This paper analyses live data from the OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM), classifying media reports into 14 themes, including synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy, and health. It identifies three distinct patterns of media coverage – increasing, intermittent, and declining – and traces how media attention shifts across themes over time.
  • F41 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Annex A, Identifying key thematic clusters ¶1 documented · field
    LLM-generated summaries of AI incidents and hazards were collected and transformed into a semantic representation capturing the underlying concepts. Using a k-means clustering algorithm, these reports were classified into 25 thematic clusters each capturing semantically similar risk characteristics. … This resulted in 14 distinct themes.
  • F42 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Annex A, Clustering ¶2 documented · field
    Since these methods gave inconsistent results, the authors chose 25 clusters based on a qualitative keywords review.
  • F43 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §2 ¶2 documented · field
    To maintain analytical clarity and avoid double counting, each media-reported incident or hazard is assigned to the single most relevant theme based on the available information.
23.The Capture Registry (2026-10-29) records that the composition's count of fourteen themes comes from that card, that the methodology page gives no count of themes, and that it did not verify the count.1
  • CAP-1-06 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[2] self-description
    FOURTEEN THEMES. The count comes from a card ('Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media'); the methodology page read gives no count of themes. Not verified here.
24.The trends paper places the monitor where there are "few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards", media reports among the proxy indicators that give partial insight, beside the common framework for reporting AI incidents that the Global Partnership on AI approved in early 2025; the methodology page names as next steps an open submission process under that framework and court rulings and supervisory decisions, and the trends paper open submissions and a record reorganised by theme.3
  • F45 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶2–4 documented · field
    In early 2025, the members of the Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) approved a common framework for reporting AI incidents, designed as an international data-sharing template for public and private organisations across jurisdictions and sectors … At present, there are few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards. … Proxy indicators – such as court rulings on AI-related cases or media reports – can offer partial insights into where and what types of incidents are occurring.
  • F16 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶4 documented · field
    An open submission process following the common reporting framework for AI incidents is currently being developed to complement AI incidents and hazards from news articles. Other next steps include complementing incidents and hazards with court rulings and decisions by supervisory authorities wherever they exist.
  • F46 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §6 Conclusion ¶4 documented · field
    Next steps could include allowing open submissions to complement media-based monitoring and reorganising incidents and hazards visually by theme to support deeper analysis.
25.In the MMRS record it is the automated counterpart of the AI Incident Database, "whose editors resolve each submission", and with the AIAAIC Repository one of the census's three harm repositories, its neighbours in the harm basin, "automated and news-derived" in the MMRS record of the AI Incident Database; the definitions paper thanks that database's founder, Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative), among the experts who gave feedback.5
  • MMRS-13 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, Place in the field s1 interpretation
    It is the automated counterpart of the AI Incident Database, whose editors resolve each submission.
  • MMRS-16 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: aiaaic-repository (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/aiaaic-repository/), editor Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py ARTICLES['aiaaic-repository'], Place in the field s1 interpretation
    It is the oldest of the three harm repositories in this census, beside the AI Incident Database and the OECD monitor.
  • MMRS-29 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: relations[1–2] (neighbour) documented
    ai-incident-database … aiaaic-repository
  • MMRS-15 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: ai-incident-database (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/ai-incident-database/), Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py ARTICLES['ai-incident-database'], Place in the field s2 interpretation
    Its neighbours in the harm basin are the OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor, which is automated and news-derived, and the AIAAIC Repository.
  • F60 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Acknowledgements ¶2 documented · field
    Many experts provided invaluable feedback and suggestions, including Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative)
26.A research study can enter it as an event (MMRS record): the Tow Center's study of AI search citation is filed as an incident, "a research study entering a harm monitor as an event", and on its page the item, titled "AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers", carries a machine-written summary in which eight search engines and chatbots "frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit", is labelled an AI incident with harm types economic/property, reputational and public interest, and is built from news articles about the study, the earliest dated 11 March 2025.5
  • MMRS-14 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · articles.py, Place in the field s2 documented
    A research study can enter it as an event: the Tow Center's 2025 study of AI search citation is filed as an incident.
  • MMRS-28 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: relations[0] (holding: oecd.ai/en/incidents/2025-03-11-8537) documented
    The Tow Center AI search citation study, filed as an incident … a research study entering a harm monitor as an event
  • F62 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), item title and summary documented · field
    AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers … A study by the Tow Center found that eight AI-powered search engines and chatbots, including ChatGPT, Perplexity and Elon Musk’s Grok3, frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit and driving down traffic. Over 60% of responses contained wrong or broken links, undermining journalistic credibility.[AI generated]
  • F63 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), label explanation; harm types documented · field
    Hence, the event meets the criteria for an AI Incident as it involves realized harm caused by AI system outputs.[AI generated] … Harm types Economic/PropertyReputationalPublic interest
  • F64 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), articles list (25 articles, 2025-03-11 to 2025-03-17) documented · field
    Articles about this incident or hazard … New study finds that AI search tools are 60 percent inaccurate on average 2025-03-11 TechSpot
27.The archive sets one of its own instruments apart from the class: "Media monitors track coverage of events", while the Encyclotron (#637) tracks the representation of entire fields of scholarship, "not what was said yesterday but what the retrieval layer thinks the field has been saying for decades".1
  • O637-01 #637 The Encyclotron: The First Reproducible Instrument for Measuring Scholarly Fidelity in the Summarizer Layer (EA-ENCYCLOT Lee Sharks · 2026-04-08 · §VIII THE ENCYCLOTRON IS NOT, 'Not media monitoring' interpretation
    **Not media monitoring.** Media monitors track coverage of events. The Encyclotron tracks the representation of entire fields of scholarship — not what was said yesterday but what the retrieval layer thinks the field has been saying for decades.
28.Its card rail at its name also carries a conference talk admitted by its title, "Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell | IASEAI 2025".1
  • F61 YouTube·International Association for Safe & Ethical AI — Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell, oEmbed title (video, 29:48) documented · field
    Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell | IASEAI 2025
29.At its name the Overview gave the monitor's input as its methodology page does, Event Registry and 150,000 articles a day, and a maker close to the page's, and did not say that large language models have classified its events since November 2024 and written their titles and summaries: it composed the monitor "with its inputs and definitions right and its classifier left out, the part of its method that makes each record a machine composition" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29, checked against the MMRS record and the entity's own pages), the record holding "what the composition drops", and the MMRS record lists the capture as the composition layer's account of the entity.7
  • CAP-1-01 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[0] s1–2 documented
    THE PIPELINE'S INPUT RIGHT, ITS MACHINE UNSAID. Event Registry and the 150,000 articles a day are the methodology page's.
  • CAP-1-05 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[1] interpretation
    THE MAKER. The methodology page says the monitor 'was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents' with support from the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; 'developed by the OECD.AI Policy Observatory in collaboration with' is close.
  • CAP-1-02 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[0] s3 documented
    That large language models have classified the events since November 2024 and written their titles and summaries (GPT-4o mini, GPT-4o, o3-mini) is not said.
  • CAP-1-07 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field analysis Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, analysis s1 interpretation
    The monitor is composed from its own methodology page with its inputs and definitions right and its classifier left out, the part of its method that makes each record a machine composition.
  • CAP-1-04 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field findings Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, findings[0] s5 documented
    Checked 2026-10-29 against the MMRS meta-aggregator record of 2026-10-28 and the entity's own pages, re-read the same day.
  • CAP-1-08 capture:oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029 Capture Registry observation OBS-23f50c1b7e04 (oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029), field analysis Capture Registry (Lee Sharks, operator) · 2026-10-29 · oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, analysis s2 interpretation
    The record holds what the composition drops.
  • MMRS-30 MMRS MMRS meta-aggregator record: OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/oecd-ai Lee Sharks (editor) · 2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29) · census: relations[3] (capture) documented
    the composition layer's account of the entity, seated in the Capture Registry

the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the v0.9 plan in one claim space; it faces on the card, with AIO's transcript a record within it. Composed under v0.9, equal case (ρ = extends): KO_B sentences surviving 0 of 11; every field claim carried. composed 2026-10-29 from the v0.9 knowledge object; not frozen

Compression · The field's ontology — L_F(B)oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor

OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor is an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)", developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with McGovern Foundation support (its pages).

🗂️ What it is

  • Terms: incident (harm) and hazard (plausible harm), OECD, May 2024.1↘
    Its definitions come from the OECD paper of May 2024 (No. 16, by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda, approved on 14 March 2024, from a stocktaking of more than 30 frameworks): an AI incident is an event where the development, use or malfunction of AI systems directly or indirectly leads to harm to health, critical infrastructure, rights, or property, communities or the environment, and an AI hazard is one that could plausibly lead to an incident, near misses included, both resting on the OECD's definition of an AI system.§3
  • Intake: Event Registry's AI-tagged news events.1↘
    It detects incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets through Event Registry, which processes over 150,000 articles a day and clusters them into events tagged by concept, only AI-tagged events reaching the monitor, from the top 50% of outlets by Alexa rank; an incident or hazard can be reported by several articles on one event.§5

⚙️ How it works (methodology page; MMRS record)

  • Method: since November 2024, GPT-4o mini and GPT-4o classify; o3-mini writes each record.1↘
    Since November 2024 GPT-4o mini filters events and GPT-4o reclassifies them as incidents, hazards or unrelated, articles are classified by content and the event takes their majority label, o3-mini writes each event's title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from its top three articles, chosen by outlet ranking, and groups events by summary similarity; before that, traditional machine learning classified them.§6
  • Count: about 18,579 listed.1↘
    The pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old; the page marks its summaries and label explanations "[AI generated]", naming classes such as Complementary Information and Beneficial Use, and lists about 18,579 incidents and hazards, while the methodology page gives about 10, and elsewhere 30, a day.§7

⚠️ Limits

  • Subset: "only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy".1↘
    Its limits are a likely subset of all incidents, media and public interest rather than systematic tracking, what journalists know and deem newsworthy, possible errors of inclusion and trends that do not measure severity; its information is not the OECD's official view, its third-party articles are not independently verified, and reliability is sought to the best extent possible.§9
  • Themes: fourteen, from a 2026 OECD analysis of its summaries.1↘
    Media attention to AI incidents has grown while their share of AI news fell, from 92 to 324 a month and from 3.2% to about 2.5% between 2022 and 2025, and the OECD's trends paper of February 2026, which describes the monitor as tracking media-reported incidents in real time, clusters its LLM-generated summaries into 14 themes, one per item, in three patterns of coverage.§8
1what it is: an automated media monitorOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD2 claims · B1, B4
  • F1 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, header (subtitle under 'AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor') documented · field
    Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)
  • F38 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶7 documented · field
    The OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) tracks these media-reported AI incidents and hazards in real-time and leverages the OECD common reporting framework to categorise them consistently.
2purpose: an evidence base for policyOECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI4 claims · B1, B2, B3
  • F2 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners, and all stakeholders worldwide gain valuable insights into the risks and harms of AI systems.
  • F3 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Over time, AIM will help to show risk patterns and establish a collective understanding of AI incidents and hazards and their multifaceted nature, serving as an important tool for trustworthy AI.
  • F12 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The goal of the AIM is to track actual AI incidents and hazards, as defined by the OECD, in real time and provide the evidence-base to inform related AI policy discussions.
  • F10 OECD — AI risks and incidents, card snippet (page HTTP 403) documented · field
    All actors must monitor AI incidents and hazards to mitigate risks As AI adoption continues to grow, successful risk mitigation will require a solid evidence ba...
3maker: the OECD.AI expert group, McGovern supportOECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)2 claims · B3, B5
  • F11 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶1 s1 documented · field
    The AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation.
  • F50 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Executive summary ¶1 documented · field
    In January 2023, the OECD formalised the OECD.AI Expert Group on AI Incidents to advance the development of i) a common AI incident reporting framework and ii) an AI Incidents Monitor (AIM).
4name and termsOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD2 claims · B3, B4
  • F22 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Background documented · field
    Your use of the OECD AI incidents and hazards monitor (previously AI Incidents Monitor) (“AIM”) is subject to the terms and conditions found at www.oecd.org/termsandconditions.
  • F47 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, rights page documented · field
    Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
5definitions: incident and hazardOECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)12 claims · B3, B5
  • F48 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), cover; Foreword ¶1 documented · field
    May 2024 No. 16 … This report provides a definition of AI incident and related terminology. These definitions aim to clarify what constitutes an AI incident, an AI hazard, and associated terminology without being overly prescriptive. This document will inform the development of a common AI incidents reporting framework and its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM).
  • F49 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Foreword ¶3–4 documented · field
    The report was written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda under the supervision of Audrey Plonk, Deputy Director of the OECD Science Technology and Innovation Directorate. … This paper was approved and declassified by written procedure by the OECD Digital Policy Committee (DPC) on 14 March 2024 and prepared for publication by the OECD Secretariat.
  • F59 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §3 ¶4 documented · field
    This classification is based on a stocktaking exercise of over 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments relevant to risk and harms
  • F18 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions ¶1 documented · field
    Published in May 2024, the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms, defines an event where the development or use of an AI system results in actual harm as an “AI incident”, while an event where the development or use of an AI system is potentially harmful is termed an “AI hazard”.
  • F19 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI incident documented · field
    An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms:
  • F20 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI hazard documented · field
    An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:
  • F51 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 Draft definition of an AI incident documented · field
    An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms: (a) injury or harm to the health of a person or groups of people; (b) disruption of the management and operation of critical infrastructure; (c) violations of human rights or a breach of obligations under the applicable law intended to protect fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights; (d) harm to property, communities or the environment.
  • F52 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 Draft definition of an AI hazard documented · field
    An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:
  • F53 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 key clarifications documented · field
    Near misses are events that could have led to an AI incident and are therefore included under this definition of AI hazards.
  • F21 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI system documented · field
    These definitions were built based on the definition of an AI system as described in the OECD recommendation on AI of 2019 and revised in 2024. An AI system is a machine-based system that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments.
  • F56 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 key clarifications documented · field
    Reputational harm to individuals and intangible harms such as hate speech and mis- and disinformation are included under (c) in relation to a breach of fundamental rights. … For example, violations of authors’ and personal rights fit into (c), while violations of industrial property rights are included under the concept of harm to property in (d).
  • F57 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Abstract documented · field
    These definitions aim to foster international interoperability while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address.
6definitions: the graded termsOECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)3 claims · B5
  • F54 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 serious AI incident; AI disaster documented · field
    Serious AI incidents are a subset of AI incidents and are intended to include substantial, material incidents. … An AI disaster is a serious AI incident that disrupts the functioning of a community or a society and that may test or exceed its capacity to cope, using its own resources.
  • F55 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 serious AI hazard documented · field
    Serious AI hazards are a subset of AI hazards.
  • F58 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §6 Conclusion ¶2 documented · field
    Assessing the “seriousness” of an AI incident, harm, damage, or disruption (e.g., to determine whether an event is classified as an incident or a serious incident) is context-dependent and is also left for further discussion.
7intake: Event Registry's news eventsOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD3 claims · B3, B4
  • F13 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶2 s1–2 documented · field
    The AIM detects AI incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets. The data is provided by Event Registry (ER), a news intelligence platform that monitors and aggregates world news by processing over 150 000 news articles daily.
  • F14 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶2 s3–5 documented · field
    Event Registry detects events, which are clusters of news articles reporting on the same happening. These events are tagged with related concepts. The events provided by Event Registry to AIM are limited to those that include AI concepts.
  • F39 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §1 Introduction ¶6 documented · field
    Currently the data rely on reports from the top 50% of media outlets, based on the Alexa traffic rankings (OECD.AI, 2025[6]). These reports are aggregated by Event Registry, a news intelligence platform which monitors over 150 000 news articles daily.
8the unit: the event and its articlesOECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI1 claim · B1
  • F6 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, chart block, note documented · field
    Note: An AI incident or hazard can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event. Data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry.
9method: LLM classification since November 2024OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI5 claims · B3
  • F25 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology ¶1–2 documented · field
    Since November 2024, incidents and hazards are identified and added to the AIM through the following steps. Historical incidents and hazards, collected prior to November 2024, are currently being retrospectively annotated using the same methodology to ensure consistency.
  • F26 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 2 documented · field
    LLMs are used to classify AI-related events into three categories: AI incidents, AI hazards or unrelated events, as defined above. This classification is based on the event summary provided from Event Registry. The classification follows a two-step process: first, a smaller model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o mini) filters out events that seem unrelated to AI incidents and hazards; next, a larger model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o) reclassifies the remaining events to confirm whether they are incidents or hazards.
  • F27 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 3 documented · field
    Individual news articles are classified into incidents and hazards using LLMs, following the same process as for events. In this case, however, article content is used instead of event summaries to enhance reliability. … If some articles are classified differently, the event will adopt the most common classification among them.
  • F30 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 6 documented · field
    Similar events are grouped by analysing their summaries and identifying related events in AIM using cosine similarity. For each new incident or hazard, the top 10 closest summaries (i.e., “embeddings”) from existing events in AIM are identified. An LLM (OpenAI’s o3-mini) is then used to assess whether any of these similar events can be clustered together.
  • F34 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology, last ¶ documented · field
    Prior to November 2024, AI incidents and hazards were classified and included on the AIM using traditional machine learning techniques.
10the record: machine-writtenOECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI4 claims · B1, B3
  • F28 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 5 documented · field
    Each event is enriched with relevant metadata, including an event title, summary, the harm type, severity, affected stakeholders, and the country where it occurred, among others. This metadata is LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event, selected from different news outlets.
  • F29 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 5, continued documented · field
    Articles are ranked based on their outlets’ ranking in their respective country. This approach ensures a balance between the popularity of the outlets and fair geographical representation. Currently, the summary and metadata are generated at the time the incident or hazard is added to the AIM.
  • F8 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, result list, the first item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29) documented · field
    Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard? … Therefore, the event is best classified as an AI Hazard due to the credible risk of AI exacerbating economic disparities and job losses in the future.[AI generated]
  • F9 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, result list, an item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29) documented · field
    It is not Complementary Information because the article is not about responses or updates to a past incident, nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated.[AI generated]
11cadence: daily, one to four daysOECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI1 claim · B3
  • F31 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Update frequency ¶1–2 documented · field
    The pipeline runs daily, processing events from one to four days ago. … Articles appearing after this timeframe are likely to be misclassified as a separate event.
12countOECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI3 claims · B1, B3
  • F7 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, results line documented · field
    Results: About 18579 incidents & hazards
  • F32 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Summary table, Identification and classification documented · field
    On average, about 1 000 AI events are analysed daily, resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards.
  • F33 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Summary table, note documented · field
    the AIM detects on average 30 incidents and hazards per day.
13trend: counts and sharesOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD2 claims · B1, B4
  • F4 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s4 documented · field
    AI incidents seem to be getting more media attention lately, but they've actually gone down as a share of all AI news (see chart below!).
  • F40 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §1 Introduction ¶8 documented · field
    Between 2022 and 2025, the number of AI incidents and hazards reported by the media rose steadily, from 92 to 324 per month on average (Figure 1.1, Panel A). However, their share relative to total AI news declined, from 3.2% in 2022 to around 2.5% in 2025 (Figure 1.1, Panel B).
14themes: the 2026 paper's analysisOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD4 claims · B4
  • F35 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Abstract documented · field
    This paper analyses live data from the OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM), classifying media reports into 14 themes, including synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy, and health. It identifies three distinct patterns of media coverage – increasing, intermittent, and declining – and traces how media attention shifts across themes over time.
  • F41 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Annex A, Identifying key thematic clusters ¶1 documented · field
    LLM-generated summaries of AI incidents and hazards were collected and transformed into a semantic representation capturing the underlying concepts. Using a k-means clustering algorithm, these reports were classified into 25 thematic clusters each capturing semantically similar risk characteristics. … This resulted in 14 distinct themes.
  • F42 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Annex A, Clustering ¶2 documented · field
    Since these methods gave inconsistent results, the authors chose 25 clusters based on a qualitative keywords review.
  • F43 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §2 ¶2 documented · field
    To maintain analytical clarity and avoid double counting, each media-reported incident or hazard is assigned to the single most relevant theme based on the available information.
15limits: a subset of what happensOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD4 claims · B3, B4
  • F15 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶3 documented · field
    While recognising the likelihood that these incidents and hazards only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide, these publicly reported incidents and hazards nonetheless provide a useful starting point for building the evidence base.
  • F36 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶5 documented · field
    The findings reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking of AI incidents and hazards. Importantly, media reports capture only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy.
  • F37 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶6 documented · field
    Conversely, reliance on media sources may introduce errors of inclusion, as some reported incidents may be mischaracterised, exaggerated, or inaccurately attributed to AI due to limited background or technical understanding.
  • F44 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §2, after Figure 2.1 documented · field
    These trends do not measure how severe incidents are, the types of harm involved, or the number of affected stakeholders, and should not be read as indicators of these factors.
16limits: the monitor's own disclaimersOECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI4 claims · B1, B3
  • F5 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶2 documented · field
    The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries.
  • F23 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Third-Party Information documented · field
    the AIM is populated with news articles from various third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation.
  • F24 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Errors and Omissions documented · field
    The OECD cannot guarantee and does not independently verify the accuracy, completeness, or validity of third-party information provided in the AIM.
  • F17 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶5 documented · field
    The data collection and analysis for the AIM is done to ensure, to the best extent possible, the reliability, objectivity and quality of the information for AI incidents and hazards.
17place: the common reporting framework and proxiesOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD1 claim · B4
  • F45 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶2–4 documented · field
    In early 2025, the members of the Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) approved a common framework for reporting AI incidents, designed as an international data-sharing template for public and private organisations across jurisdictions and sectors … At present, there are few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards. … Proxy indicators – such as court rulings on AI-related cases or media reports – can offer partial insights into where and what types of incidents are occurring.
18next steps: open submission, other sourcesOECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD2 claims · B3, B4
  • F16 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶4 documented · field
    An open submission process following the common reporting framework for AI incidents is currently being developed to complement AI incidents and hazards from news articles. Other next steps include complementing incidents and hazards with court rulings and decisions by supervisory authorities wherever they exist.
  • F46 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §6 Conclusion ¶4 documented · field
    Next steps could include allowing open submissions to complement media-based monitoring and reorganising incidents and hazards visually by theme to support deeper analysis.
19neighbours: the AI Incident DatabaseOECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN)1 claim · B5
  • F60 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Acknowledgements ¶2 documented · field
    Many experts provided invaluable feedback and suggestions, including Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative)
20holding: the Tow Center studyOECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537)3 claims · B7
  • F62 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), item title and summary documented · field
    AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers … A study by the Tow Center found that eight AI-powered search engines and chatbots, including ChatGPT, Perplexity and Elon Musk’s Grok3, frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit and driving down traffic. Over 60% of responses contained wrong or broken links, undermining journalistic credibility.[AI generated]
  • F63 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), label explanation; harm types documented · field
    Hence, the event meets the criteria for an AI Incident as it involves realized harm caused by AI system outputs.[AI generated] … Harm types Economic/PropertyReputationalPublic interest
  • F64 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), articles list (25 articles, 2025-03-11 to 2025-03-17) documented · field
    Articles about this incident or hazard … New study finds that AI search tools are 60 percent inaccurate on average 2025-03-11 TechSpot
21reception: videoYouTube·International Association for Safe & Ethical AI — Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell1 claim · B6
  • F61 YouTube·International Association for Safe & Ethical AI — Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell, oEmbed title (video, 29:48) documented · field
    Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell | IASEAI 2025
Expansion · The field's ontology — L_F(B)11 sentences · every one sourced below

The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor

The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor is an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)" that documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners and all stakeholders gain insight into the risks and harms of AI systems and that will, over time, help show risk patterns, by its own page. The OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents, formalised by the OECD in January 2023 to develop a reporting framework and the monitor, initiated it and develops it with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation, its goal to track incidents and hazards as the OECD defines them, in real time, as an evidence base for policy; it was previously the AI Incidents Monitor, and the OECD's topic page says all actors must monitor incidents and hazards.

Its definitions come from the OECD paper of May 2024 (No. 16, by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda, approved on 14 March 2024, from a stocktaking of more than 30 frameworks): an AI incident is an event where the development, use or malfunction of AI systems directly or indirectly leads to harm to health, critical infrastructure, rights, or property, communities or the environment, and an AI hazard is one that could plausibly lead to an incident, near misses included, both resting on the OECD's definition of an AI system. The paper places reputational harm, misinformation, authors' rights under (c), grades the terms into serious incidents, disasters and serious hazards, leaves seriousness to context and lets each jurisdiction set its scope.

It detects incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets through Event Registry, which processes over 150,000 articles a day and clusters them into events tagged by concept, only AI-tagged events reaching the monitor, from the top 50% of outlets by Alexa rank; an incident or hazard can be reported by several articles on one event. Since November 2024 GPT-4o mini filters events and GPT-4o reclassifies them as incidents, hazards or unrelated, articles are classified by content and the event takes their majority label, o3-mini writes each event's title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from its top three articles, chosen by outlet ranking, and groups events by summary similarity; before that, traditional machine learning classified them. The pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old; the page marks its summaries and label explanations "[AI generated]", naming classes such as Complementary Information and Beneficial Use, and lists about 18,579 incidents and hazards, while the methodology page gives about 10, and elsewhere 30, a day.

Media attention to AI incidents has grown while their share of AI news fell, from 92 to 324 a month and from 3.2% to about 2.5% between 2022 and 2025, and the OECD's trends paper of February 2026, which describes the monitor as tracking media-reported incidents in real time, clusters its LLM-generated summaries into 14 themes, one per item, in three patterns of coverage. Its limits are a likely subset of all incidents, media and public interest rather than systematic tracking, what journalists know and deem newsworthy, possible errors of inclusion and trends that do not measure severity; its information is not the OECD's official view, its third-party articles are not independently verified, and reliability is sought to the best extent possible.

Few public, comparable sources exist; the common reporting framework approved by GPAI in early 2025, open submissions, court rulings and a record by theme are the next steps; the trends paper is CC BY 4.0; and the AI Incident Database's founder gave feedback on the definitions. Among its items, the Tow Center's study of AI search engines that fabricate news citations is labelled an AI incident with economic, reputational and public-interest harm, built from articles from 11 March 2025; its card rail also carries a talk on serious incident reporting frameworks (IASEAI 2025).

Provenance — every sentence sourced11 sentences

11 sentences; 64 field claims, 0 archive claims. Modality is the source's own; the prose carries it in its grammar.

1.The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor is an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)" that documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners and all stakeholders gain insight into the risks and harms of AI systems and that will, over time, help show risk patterns, by its own page.3
  • F1 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, header (subtitle under 'AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor') documented · field
    Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)
  • F2 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners, and all stakeholders worldwide gain valuable insights into the risks and harms of AI systems.
  • F3 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s3 documented · field
    Over time, AIM will help to show risk patterns and establish a collective understanding of AI incidents and hazards and their multifaceted nature, serving as an important tool for trustworthy AI.
2.The OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents, formalised by the OECD in January 2023 to develop a reporting framework and the monitor, initiated it and develops it with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation, its goal to track incidents and hazards as the OECD defines them, in real time, as an evidence base for policy; it was previously the AI Incidents Monitor, and the OECD's topic page says all actors must monitor incidents and hazards.5
  • F11 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶1 s1 documented · field
    The AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation.
  • F50 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Executive summary ¶1 documented · field
    In January 2023, the OECD formalised the OECD.AI Expert Group on AI Incidents to advance the development of i) a common AI incident reporting framework and ii) an AI Incidents Monitor (AIM).
  • F12 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶1 s2 documented · field
    The goal of the AIM is to track actual AI incidents and hazards, as defined by the OECD, in real time and provide the evidence-base to inform related AI policy discussions.
  • F22 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Background documented · field
    Your use of the OECD AI incidents and hazards monitor (previously AI Incidents Monitor) (“AIM”) is subject to the terms and conditions found at www.oecd.org/termsandconditions.
  • F10 OECD — AI risks and incidents, card snippet (page HTTP 403) documented · field
    All actors must monitor AI incidents and hazards to mitigate risks As AI adoption continues to grow, successful risk mitigation will require a solid evidence ba...
3.Its definitions come from the OECD paper of May 2024 (No. 16, by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda, approved on 14 March 2024, from a stocktaking of more than 30 frameworks): an AI incident is an event where the development, use or malfunction of AI systems directly or indirectly leads to harm to health, critical infrastructure, rights, or property, communities or the environment, and an AI hazard is one that could plausibly lead to an incident, near misses included, both resting on the OECD's definition of an AI system.10
  • F48 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), cover; Foreword ¶1 documented · field
    May 2024 No. 16 … This report provides a definition of AI incident and related terminology. These definitions aim to clarify what constitutes an AI incident, an AI hazard, and associated terminology without being overly prescriptive. This document will inform the development of a common AI incidents reporting framework and its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM).
  • F49 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Foreword ¶3–4 documented · field
    The report was written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda under the supervision of Audrey Plonk, Deputy Director of the OECD Science Technology and Innovation Directorate. … This paper was approved and declassified by written procedure by the OECD Digital Policy Committee (DPC) on 14 March 2024 and prepared for publication by the OECD Secretariat.
  • F59 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §3 ¶4 documented · field
    This classification is based on a stocktaking exercise of over 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments relevant to risk and harms
  • F18 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions ¶1 documented · field
    Published in May 2024, the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms, defines an event where the development or use of an AI system results in actual harm as an “AI incident”, while an event where the development or use of an AI system is potentially harmful is termed an “AI hazard”.
  • F19 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI incident documented · field
    An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms:
  • F20 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI hazard documented · field
    An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:
  • F51 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 Draft definition of an AI incident documented · field
    An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms: (a) injury or harm to the health of a person or groups of people; (b) disruption of the management and operation of critical infrastructure; (c) violations of human rights or a breach of obligations under the applicable law intended to protect fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights; (d) harm to property, communities or the environment.
  • F52 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 Draft definition of an AI hazard documented · field
    An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:
  • F53 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 key clarifications documented · field
    Near misses are events that could have led to an AI incident and are therefore included under this definition of AI hazards.
  • F21 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Definitions: AI system documented · field
    These definitions were built based on the definition of an AI system as described in the OECD recommendation on AI of 2019 and revised in 2024. An AI system is a machine-based system that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments.
4.The paper places reputational harm, misinformation, authors' rights under (c), grades the terms into serious incidents, disasters and serious hazards, leaves seriousness to context and lets each jurisdiction set its scope.5
  • F56 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 key clarifications documented · field
    Reputational harm to individuals and intangible harms such as hate speech and mis- and disinformation are included under (c) in relation to a breach of fundamental rights. … For example, violations of authors’ and personal rights fit into (c), while violations of industrial property rights are included under the concept of harm to property in (d).
  • F54 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §4 serious AI incident; AI disaster documented · field
    Serious AI incidents are a subset of AI incidents and are intended to include substantial, material incidents. … An AI disaster is a serious AI incident that disrupts the functioning of a community or a society and that may test or exceed its capacity to cope, using its own resources.
  • F55 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §5 serious AI hazard documented · field
    Serious AI hazards are a subset of AI hazards.
  • F58 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), §6 Conclusion ¶2 documented · field
    Assessing the “seriousness” of an AI incident, harm, damage, or disruption (e.g., to determine whether an event is classified as an incident or a serious incident) is context-dependent and is also left for further discussion.
  • F57 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Abstract documented · field
    These definitions aim to foster international interoperability while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address.
5.It detects incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets through Event Registry, which processes over 150,000 articles a day and clusters them into events tagged by concept, only AI-tagged events reaching the monitor, from the top 50% of outlets by Alexa rank; an incident or hazard can be reported by several articles on one event.4
  • F13 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶2 s1–2 documented · field
    The AIM detects AI incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets. The data is provided by Event Registry (ER), a news intelligence platform that monitors and aggregates world news by processing over 150 000 news articles daily.
  • F14 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶2 s3–5 documented · field
    Event Registry detects events, which are clusters of news articles reporting on the same happening. These events are tagged with related concepts. The events provided by Event Registry to AIM are limited to those that include AI concepts.
  • F39 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §1 Introduction ¶6 documented · field
    Currently the data rely on reports from the top 50% of media outlets, based on the Alexa traffic rankings (OECD.AI, 2025[6]). These reports are aggregated by Event Registry, a news intelligence platform which monitors over 150 000 news articles daily.
  • F6 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, chart block, note documented · field
    Note: An AI incident or hazard can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event. Data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry.
6.Since November 2024 GPT-4o mini filters events and GPT-4o reclassifies them as incidents, hazards or unrelated, articles are classified by content and the event takes their majority label, o3-mini writes each event's title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from its top three articles, chosen by outlet ranking, and groups events by summary similarity; before that, traditional machine learning classified them.7
  • F25 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology ¶1–2 documented · field
    Since November 2024, incidents and hazards are identified and added to the AIM through the following steps. Historical incidents and hazards, collected prior to November 2024, are currently being retrospectively annotated using the same methodology to ensure consistency.
  • F26 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 2 documented · field
    LLMs are used to classify AI-related events into three categories: AI incidents, AI hazards or unrelated events, as defined above. This classification is based on the event summary provided from Event Registry. The classification follows a two-step process: first, a smaller model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o mini) filters out events that seem unrelated to AI incidents and hazards; next, a larger model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o) reclassifies the remaining events to confirm whether they are incidents or hazards.
  • F27 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 3 documented · field
    Individual news articles are classified into incidents and hazards using LLMs, following the same process as for events. In this case, however, article content is used instead of event summaries to enhance reliability. … If some articles are classified differently, the event will adopt the most common classification among them.
  • F28 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 5 documented · field
    Each event is enriched with relevant metadata, including an event title, summary, the harm type, severity, affected stakeholders, and the country where it occurred, among others. This metadata is LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event, selected from different news outlets.
  • F29 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 5, continued documented · field
    Articles are ranked based on their outlets’ ranking in their respective country. This approach ensures a balance between the popularity of the outlets and fair geographical representation. Currently, the summary and metadata are generated at the time the incident or hazard is added to the AIM.
  • F30 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology step 6 documented · field
    Similar events are grouped by analysing their summaries and identifying related events in AIM using cosine similarity. For each new incident or hazard, the top 10 closest summaries (i.e., “embeddings”) from existing events in AIM are identified. An LLM (OpenAI’s o3-mini) is then used to assess whether any of these similar events can be clustered together.
  • F34 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Methodology, last ¶ documented · field
    Prior to November 2024, AI incidents and hazards were classified and included on the AIM using traditional machine learning techniques.
7.The pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old; the page marks its summaries and label explanations "[AI generated]", naming classes such as Complementary Information and Beneficial Use, and lists about 18,579 incidents and hazards, while the methodology page gives about 10, and elsewhere 30, a day.6
  • F31 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Update frequency ¶1–2 documented · field
    The pipeline runs daily, processing events from one to four days ago. … Articles appearing after this timeframe are likely to be misclassified as a separate event.
  • F8 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, result list, the first item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29) documented · field
    Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard? … Therefore, the event is best classified as an AI Hazard due to the credible risk of AI exacerbating economic disparities and job losses in the future.[AI generated]
  • F9 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, result list, an item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29) documented · field
    It is not Complementary Information because the article is not about responses or updates to a past incident, nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated.[AI generated]
  • F7 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, results line documented · field
    Results: About 18579 incidents & hazards
  • F32 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Summary table, Identification and classification documented · field
    On average, about 1 000 AI events are analysed daily, resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards.
  • F33 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Summary table, note documented · field
    the AIM detects on average 30 incidents and hazards per day.
8.Media attention to AI incidents has grown while their share of AI news fell, from 92 to 324 a month and from 3.2% to about 2.5% between 2022 and 2025, and the OECD's trends paper of February 2026, which describes the monitor as tracking media-reported incidents in real time, clusters its LLM-generated summaries into 14 themes, one per item, in three patterns of coverage.7
  • F4 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶1 s4 documented · field
    AI incidents seem to be getting more media attention lately, but they've actually gone down as a share of all AI news (see chart below!).
  • F40 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §1 Introduction ¶8 documented · field
    Between 2022 and 2025, the number of AI incidents and hazards reported by the media rose steadily, from 92 to 324 per month on average (Figure 1.1, Panel A). However, their share relative to total AI news declined, from 3.2% in 2022 to around 2.5% in 2025 (Figure 1.1, Panel B).
  • F38 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶7 documented · field
    The OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) tracks these media-reported AI incidents and hazards in real-time and leverages the OECD common reporting framework to categorise them consistently.
  • F35 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Abstract documented · field
    This paper analyses live data from the OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM), classifying media reports into 14 themes, including synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy, and health. It identifies three distinct patterns of media coverage – increasing, intermittent, and declining – and traces how media attention shifts across themes over time.
  • F41 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Annex A, Identifying key thematic clusters ¶1 documented · field
    LLM-generated summaries of AI incidents and hazards were collected and transformed into a semantic representation capturing the underlying concepts. Using a k-means clustering algorithm, these reports were classified into 25 thematic clusters each capturing semantically similar risk characteristics. … This resulted in 14 distinct themes.
  • F42 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Annex A, Clustering ¶2 documented · field
    Since these methods gave inconsistent results, the authors chose 25 clusters based on a qualitative keywords review.
  • F43 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §2 ¶2 documented · field
    To maintain analytical clarity and avoid double counting, each media-reported incident or hazard is assigned to the single most relevant theme based on the available information.
9.Its limits are a likely subset of all incidents, media and public interest rather than systematic tracking, what journalists know and deem newsworthy, possible errors of inclusion and trends that do not measure severity; its information is not the OECD's official view, its third-party articles are not independently verified, and reliability is sought to the best extent possible.8
  • F15 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶3 documented · field
    While recognising the likelihood that these incidents and hazards only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide, these publicly reported incidents and hazards nonetheless provide a useful starting point for building the evidence base.
  • F36 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶5 documented · field
    The findings reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking of AI incidents and hazards. Importantly, media reports capture only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy.
  • F37 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶6 documented · field
    Conversely, reliance on media sources may introduce errors of inclusion, as some reported incidents may be mischaracterised, exaggerated, or inaccurately attributed to AI due to limited background or technical understanding.
  • F44 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §2, after Figure 2.1 documented · field
    These trends do not measure how severe incidents are, the types of harm involved, or the number of affected stakeholders, and should not be read as indicators of these factors.
  • F5 OECD AI Policy Observatory — OECD AI Incidents Monitor, an evidence base for trustworthy AI, introduction ¶2 documented · field
    The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries.
  • F23 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Third-Party Information documented · field
    the AIM is populated with news articles from various third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation.
  • F24 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Information Transparency Disclosures: Errors and Omissions documented · field
    The OECD cannot guarantee and does not independently verify the accuracy, completeness, or validity of third-party information provided in the AIM.
  • F17 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶5 documented · field
    The data collection and analysis for the AIM is done to ensure, to the best extent possible, the reliability, objectivity and quality of the information for AI incidents and hazards.
10.Few public, comparable sources exist; the common reporting framework approved by GPAI in early 2025, open submissions, court rulings and a record by theme are the next steps; the trends paper is CC BY 4.0; and the AI Incident Database's founder gave feedback on the definitions.5
  • F45 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, Executive summary ¶2–4 documented · field
    In early 2025, the members of the Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) approved a common framework for reporting AI incidents, designed as an international data-sharing template for public and private organisations across jurisdictions and sectors … At present, there are few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards. … Proxy indicators – such as court rulings on AI-related cases or media reports – can offer partial insights into where and what types of incidents are occurring.
  • F16 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI, Overview ¶4 documented · field
    An open submission process following the common reporting framework for AI incidents is currently being developed to complement AI incidents and hazards from news articles. Other next steps include complementing incidents and hazards with court rulings and decisions by supervisory authorities wherever they exist.
  • F46 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, §6 Conclusion ¶4 documented · field
    Next steps could include allowing open submissions to complement media-based monitoring and reorganising incidents and hazards visually by theme to support deeper analysis.
  • F47 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD, rights page documented · field
    Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
  • F60 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN), Acknowledgements ¶2 documented · field
    Many experts provided invaluable feedback and suggestions, including Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative)
11.Among its items, the Tow Center's study of AI search engines that fabricate news citations is labelled an AI incident with economic, reputational and public-interest harm, built from articles from 11 March 2025; its card rail also carries a talk on serious incident reporting frameworks (IASEAI 2025).4
  • F62 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), item title and summary documented · field
    AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers … A study by the Tow Center found that eight AI-powered search engines and chatbots, including ChatGPT, Perplexity and Elon Musk’s Grok3, frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit and driving down traffic. Over 60% of responses contained wrong or broken links, undermining journalistic credibility.[AI generated]
  • F63 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), label explanation; harm types documented · field
    Hence, the event meets the criteria for an AI Incident as it involves realized harm caused by AI system outputs.[AI generated] … Harm types Economic/PropertyReputationalPublic interest
  • F64 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537), articles list (25 articles, 2025-03-11 to 2025-03-17) documented · field
    Articles about this incident or hazard … New study finds that AI search tools are 60 percent inaccurate on average 2025-03-11 TechSpot
  • F61 YouTube·International Association for Safe & Ethical AI — Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell, oEmbed title (video, 29:48) documented · field
    Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell | IASEAI 2025

popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (cards, own page; Wikipedia has no article). With no archive claim admitted, the entry is the field's monitor at its own resolution: its two pages, the OECD's two papers, the holding. composed 2026-10-29 from the field ledger alone; not frozen

Form ledger — AIO against both arms, at both levels
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  • T1-1 definition: 'a real-time tracking tool developed by the OECD.AI Policy Observatory in collaboration with the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation to monitor actual and potential risks posed by artificial intelligence' (marker: an opaque token, the one shared with the Real-Time Tracking line and the incident definition)
  • T1-2 Real-Time Tracking: 'It continuously aggregates and analyzes world news using the Event Registry platform, processing over 150,000 news articles daily to detect AI-related events.'
  • T1-3 Evidence Base: 'It provides policymakers, developers, and the public with empirical data on how AI risks materialize globally.'
  • T1-4 Thematic Classification: 'Media reports are categorized into 14 distinct risk themes—including synthetic media, cyberattacks and fraud, autonomous vehicles, large language model (LLM) hallucinations, labour market disruptions, and child safety.'
  • T1-5 AI Incident: 'An event where the development, use, or malfunction of an AI system results in actual harm (such as injury, health damage, critical infrastructure disruption, or human/fundamental rights violations).'
  • T1-6 AI Hazard: 'An event or circumstance where the development or use of an AI system could plausibly lead to an AI incident (a near-harm or precursor event).'
  • T1-7 access: 'You can explore live data, interactive filters, and recent tracking reports directly on the OECD AI Incidents Monitor.'
  • T1-8 closer: 'Would you like to explore specific risk categories (such as labor market impacts or synthetic media) or look into the common reporting framework guidelines?'
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  • B2 OECD — AI risks and incidents card; HTTP 403 (2026-10-29T05:08:47Z), unreachable; card snippet stands; B2.html sha256 54fda3deeb29a2f2
  • B3 OECD AI Policy Observatory — Overview and methodology of the AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor - OECD.AI card; HTTP 200 (2026-10-29T05:06:50Z); B3.html sha256 26400e79e67de5ee
  • B4 OECD — Trends in AI incidents and hazards reported by the media | OECD card; HTTP 200 (2026-10-29T05:08:47Z); B4.pdf sha256 aab2727da192624f
  • B5 OECD — Defining AI incidents and related terms (EN) card; HTTP 200 (2026-10-29T05:08:48Z); B5.pdf sha256 9c46e00f1b3ff6de
  • B6 YouTube·International Association for Safe & Ethical AI — Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell card; HTTP 200 (2026-10-29T05:09:49Z); B6.json sha256 5a063beb92dbc849
  • B7 OECD AI Policy Observatory — AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers (AIM item 2025-03-11-8537) own page; HTTP 200 (2026-10-29T05:08:49Z); B7.html sha256 9edcbeb65fe222f4
  • W1 Wikipedia — no article (the monitor, its former name, OECD.AI, the OECD AI Policy Observatory) wikipedia; raw wikitext HTTP 404 for seven titles; rendered page 404; API: titles missing; Special:Search no results
  • W2 Wikipedia — OECD (no mention of the monitor) wikipedia; raw wikitext and rendered page HTTP 200 (2026-10-29T05:10:57Z); W2.wiki sha256 03ca69ee493875ab
Ethe two entities and their relationρ = extends · equal case

E_A, the archive's entity: the same monitor, in the MMRS meta-aggregator's record: an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI, whose records are machine-written from the articles, so that the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news, its summaries compositions and the articles their sources; admitting an event when reputable outlets report it, so that a harm no outlet reports has no event; the automated counterpart of the editor-resolved AI Incident Database in the harm basin; a record kept apart from the entity; observed by the Capture Registry at its name, where the composition layer gave its inputs and definitions and left its classifier out; and a member of the class of media monitors, which the archive sets apart from its own instrument of the retrieval layer (#637) MMRS-01 MMRS-12 MMRS-25 MMRS-10 MMRS-11 MMRS-13 MMRS-31 CAP-1-07 CAP-1-02 O637-01; defining papers #637

E_F, the field's entity (type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity: a monitor)): an automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (beta), initiated and developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation, previously the AI Incidents Monitor, whose unit is the event (an incident or hazard in the OECD's terms of May 2024, reported by one or more news articles), drawn from Event Registry's AI-tagged news events from reputable outlets, classified since November 2024 by LLMs (GPT-4o mini, GPT-4o) and recorded in LLM-generated titles, summaries and metadata (o3-mini), daily; its evidence a subset bounded by what the media report (B1–B7)

ρ = extends: the archive reads E_F as the entity and adds senses and limits on the field's own object: the monitor as a machine reception of the news (the consequence of the machine-written record the field states), what its selection leaves out (no event for an unreported harm), the record kept apart from the entity and its unchecked items, the neighbours and the holding, the class-level distinction of media monitors from the archive's instrument, and the composition layer's observed treatment of the entity MMRS-12 MMRS-25 MMRS-11 MMRS-10 MMRS-31 MMRS-26 MMRS-13 MMRS-14 O637-01 CAP-1-03 CAP-1-07. Guard: ρ = extends claims an addition and no more: MMRS-10, MMRS-11 and MMRS-12 are the record's readings (interpretation), not findings that the monitor is defective; O637-01 is a distinction drawn at the class, not a claim on the monitor by name; where an archive claim meets a field claim (MMRS-18 beside F11; MMRS-22 beside F7, F32, F33) both are composed under P_coh in the one claim space

The case: equal terms, ontology included (v0.9). The MMRS record holds the field's entity as the entity: it describes the monitor from its own pages (the methodology page and the monitor's page), marking each field's source and basis, and composes nothing that denies a field presupposition. What it adds lies on the field's object: the record's machine-written wording read as the monitor being itself a machine reception of the news, its summaries compositions and the articles their sources; what its selection leaves out (a harm no outlet reports has no event); the record kept apart from the entity; the neighbours in the harm basin; the holding; and the Capture Registry's observation that the composition layer left the classifier out. The ontology the archive uses is available in the field itself: the methodology page states that the metadata, title and summary are 'LLM-generated' (F28), the monitor's page marks them '[AI generated]' (F8), the trends paper clusters the monitor's 'LLM-generated summaries' (F41) and bounds its evidence by what journalists know (F36). The archive's reading draws the consequence of the field's own statements; the law of the suppressed witness does not apply (§0.10: not where the field holds the ontology). Not mixed.

#MMRS article, kernel s1 (articles.py): The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) is an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI.

#MMRS article, What its selection leaves out s3: The record's own wording is machine-written from the articles, so the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news: its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources.

#MMRS census.json, schema_note: each page has two nodes, the MMRS record and the entity it describes; relations are typed; each assertion carries a source and a basis (operator statement, third-party report, our observation, our reading); lifecycle is kept apart from the observation that saw it

#capture oecd-ai-incidents-and-hazards-monitor-aio-20261029, analysis s1: The monitor is composed from its own methodology page with its inputs and definitions right and its classifier left out, the part of its method that makes each record a machine composition.

#B3 Methodology step 5 (field): This metadata is LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event, selected from different news outlets.

#B4 Annex A (field): LLM-generated summaries of AI incidents and hazards were collected and transformed into a semantic representation capturing the underlying concepts.

τthe translation: every field claim carried, beside its statement in the archive's ontology64 field claims · 21 rows
field claimsreceivedreceiving texttranslationarchive
F1, F38F1 (B1, header (subtitle under 'AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor')): "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)"; F38 (B4, Executive summary ¶7): "The OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) tracks these media-reported AI incidents and hazards in real-time and leverages the OECD common reporting framework to categorise them consistently."—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-01, MMRS-19, MMRS-03MMRS-01, MMRS-19, MMRS-03
F22, F47F22 (B3, Information Transparency Disclosures: Background): "Your use of the OECD AI incidents and hazards monitor (previously AI Incidents Monitor) (“AIM”) is subject to the terms and conditions found at www.oecd.org/termsandconditions."; F47 (B4, rights page): "Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)"—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-17MMRS-17
F11, F50F11 (B3, Overview ¶1 s1): "The AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation."; F50 (B5, Executive summary ¶1): "In January 2023, the OECD formalised the OECD.AI Expert Group on AI Incidents to advance the development of i) a common AI incident reporting framework and ii) an AI Incidents Monitor (AIM)."—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-18MMRS-18
F2, F3, F12, F10F2 (B1, introduction ¶1 s2): "The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners, and all stakeholders worldwide gain valuable insights into the risks and harms of AI systems."; F3 (B1, introduction ¶1 s3): "Over time, AIM will help to show risk patterns and establish a collective understanding of AI incidents and hazards and their multifaceted nature, serving as an important tool for trustworthy AI."; F12 (B3, Overview ¶1 s2): "The goal of the AIM is to track actual AI incidents and hazards, as defined by the OECD, in real time and provide the evidence-base to inform related AI policy discussions."; F10 (B2, card snippet (page HTTP 403)): "All actors must monitor AI incidents and hazards to mitigate risks As AI adoption continues to grow, successful risk mitigation will require a solid evidence ba..."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)
F48, F49, F59, F18, F51, F19, F52, F20, F53, F56, F21, F57F48 (B5, cover; Foreword ¶1): "May 2024 No. 16 … This report provides a definition of AI incident and related terminology. These definitions aim to clarify what constitutes an AI incident, an AI hazard, and associated terminology without being overly prescriptive. This document will inform the development of a common AI incidents reporting framework and its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM)."; F49 (B5, Foreword ¶3–4): "The report was written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda under the supervision of Audrey Plonk, Deputy Director of the OECD Science Technology and Innovation Directorate. … This paper was approved and declassified by written procedure by the OECD Digital Policy Committee (DPC) on 14 March 2024 and prepared for publication by the OECD Secretariat."; F59 (B5, §3 ¶4): "This classification is based on a stocktaking exercise of over 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments relevant to risk and harms"; F18 (B3, Definitions ¶1): "Published in May 2024, the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms, defines an event where the development or use of an AI system results in actual harm as an “AI incident”, while an event where the development or use of an AI system is potentially harmful is termed an “AI hazard”."; F51 (B5, §4 Draft definition of an AI incident): "An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms: (a) injury or harm to the health of a person or groups of people; (b) disruption of the management and operation of critical infrastructure; (c) violations of human rights or a breach of obligations under the applicable law intended to protect fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights; (d) harm to property, communities or the environment."; F19 (B3, Definitions: AI incident): "An AI incident is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to any of the following harms:"; F52 (B5, §5 Draft definition of an AI hazard): "An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:"; F20 (B3, Definitions: AI hazard): "An AI hazard is an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems could plausibly lead to an AI incident, i.e., any of the following harms:"; F53 (B5, §5 key clarifications): "Near misses are events that could have led to an AI incident and are therefore included under this definition of AI hazards."; F56 (B5, §4 key clarifications): "Reputational harm to individuals and intangible harms such as hate speech and mis- and disinformation are included under (c) in relation to a breach of fundamental rights. … For example, violations of authors’ and personal rights fit into (c), while violations of industrial property rights are included under the concept of harm to property in (d)."; F21 (B3, Definitions: AI system): "These definitions were built based on the definition of an AI system as described in the OECD recommendation on AI of 2019 and revised in 2024. An AI system is a machine-based system that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments."; F57 (B5, Abstract): "These definitions aim to foster international interoperability while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address."—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-05, MMRS-04MMRS-05, MMRS-04
F54, F55, F58F54 (B5, §4 serious AI incident; AI disaster): "Serious AI incidents are a subset of AI incidents and are intended to include substantial, material incidents. … An AI disaster is a serious AI incident that disrupts the functioning of a community or a society and that may test or exceed its capacity to cope, using its own resources."; F55 (B5, §5 serious AI hazard): "Serious AI hazards are a subset of AI hazards."; F58 (B5, §6 Conclusion ¶2): "Assessing the “seriousness” of an AI incident, harm, damage, or disruption (e.g., to determine whether an event is classified as an incident or a serious incident) is context-dependent and is also left for further discussion."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)
F6F6 (B1, chart block, note): "Note: An AI incident or hazard can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event. Data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry."—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-20MMRS-20
F13, F14, F39F13 (B3, Overview ¶2 s1–2): "The AIM detects AI incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets. The data is provided by Event Registry (ER), a news intelligence platform that monitors and aggregates world news by processing over 150 000 news articles daily."; F14 (B3, Overview ¶2 s3–5): "Event Registry detects events, which are clusters of news articles reporting on the same happening. These events are tagged with related concepts. The events provided by Event Registry to AIM are limited to those that include AI concepts."; F39 (B4, §1 Introduction ¶6): "Currently the data rely on reports from the top 50% of media outlets, based on the Alexa traffic rankings (OECD.AI, 2025[6]). These reports are aggregated by Event Registry, a news intelligence platform which monitors over 150 000 news articles daily."—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-06MMRS-06
F25, F26, F27, F34, F30F25 (B3, Methodology ¶1–2): "Since November 2024, incidents and hazards are identified and added to the AIM through the following steps. Historical incidents and hazards, collected prior to November 2024, are currently being retrospectively annotated using the same methodology to ensure consistency."; F26 (B3, Methodology step 2): "LLMs are used to classify AI-related events into three categories: AI incidents, AI hazards or unrelated events, as defined above. This classification is based on the event summary provided from Event Registry. The classification follows a two-step process: first, a smaller model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o mini) filters out events that seem unrelated to AI incidents and hazards; next, a larger model (OpenAI’s GPT-4o) reclassifies the remaining events to confirm whether they are incidents or hazards."; F27 (B3, Methodology step 3): "Individual news articles are classified into incidents and hazards using LLMs, following the same process as for events. In this case, however, article content is used instead of event summaries to enhance reliability. … If some articles are classified differently, the event will adopt the most common classification among them."; F34 (B3, Methodology, last ¶): "Prior to November 2024, AI incidents and hazards were classified and included on the AIM using traditional machine learning techniques."; F30 (B3, Methodology step 6): "Similar events are grouped by analysing their summaries and identifying related events in AIM using cosine similarity. For each new incident or hazard, the top 10 closest summaries (i.e., “embeddings”) from existing events in AIM are identified. An LLM (OpenAI’s o3-mini) is then used to assess whether any of these similar events can be clustered together."—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-02, MMRS-07, MMRS-08, MMRS-21MMRS-02, MMRS-07, MMRS-08, MMRS-21
F31F31 (B3, Update frequency ¶1–2): "The pipeline runs daily, processing events from one to four days ago. … Articles appearing after this timeframe are likely to be misclassified as a separate event."—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-09, MMRS-23MMRS-09, MMRS-23
F28, F29, F8, F9F28 (B3, Methodology step 5): "Each event is enriched with relevant metadata, including an event title, summary, the harm type, severity, affected stakeholders, and the country where it occurred, among others. This metadata is LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event, selected from different news outlets."; F29 (B3, Methodology step 5, continued): "Articles are ranked based on their outlets’ ranking in their respective country. This approach ensures a balance between the popularity of the outlets and fair geographical representation. Currently, the summary and metadata are generated at the time the incident or hazard is added to the AIM."; F8 (B1, result list, the first item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29)): "Why's our monitor labelling this an incident or hazard? … Therefore, the event is best classified as an AI Hazard due to the credible risk of AI exacerbating economic disparities and job losses in the future.[AI generated]"; F9 (B1, result list, an item's explanation (as fetched 2026-10-29)): "It is not Complementary Information because the article is not about responses or updates to a past incident, nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated.[AI generated]"—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-25MMRS-25
F7, F32, F33F7 (B1, results line): "Results: About 18579 incidents & hazards"; F32 (B3, Summary table, Identification and classification): "On average, about 1 000 AI events are analysed daily, resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards."; F33 (B3, Summary table, note): "the AIM detects on average 30 incidents and hazards per day."—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-22MMRS-22
F4, F40F4 (B1, introduction ¶1 s4): "AI incidents seem to be getting more media attention lately, but they've actually gone down as a share of all AI news (see chart below!)."; F40 (B4, §1 Introduction ¶8): "Between 2022 and 2025, the number of AI incidents and hazards reported by the media rose steadily, from 92 to 324 per month on average (Figure 1.1, Panel A). However, their share relative to total AI news declined, from 3.2% in 2022 to around 2.5% in 2025 (Figure 1.1, Panel B)."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)
F15, F36, F37, F44F15 (B3, Overview ¶3): "While recognising the likelihood that these incidents and hazards only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide, these publicly reported incidents and hazards nonetheless provide a useful starting point for building the evidence base."; F36 (B4, Executive summary ¶5): "The findings reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking of AI incidents and hazards. Importantly, media reports capture only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy."; F37 (B4, Executive summary ¶6): "Conversely, reliance on media sources may introduce errors of inclusion, as some reported incidents may be mischaracterised, exaggerated, or inaccurately attributed to AI due to limited background or technical understanding."; F44 (B4, §2, after Figure 2.1): "These trends do not measure how severe incidents are, the types of harm involved, or the number of affected stakeholders, and should not be read as indicators of these factors."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)
F5, F23, F24, F17F5 (B1, introduction ¶2): "The information displayed in the AIM should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its member countries."; F23 (B3, Information Transparency Disclosures: Third-Party Information): "the AIM is populated with news articles from various third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation."; F24 (B3, Information Transparency Disclosures: Errors and Omissions): "The OECD cannot guarantee and does not independently verify the accuracy, completeness, or validity of third-party information provided in the AIM."; F17 (B3, Overview ¶5): "The data collection and analysis for the AIM is done to ensure, to the best extent possible, the reliability, objectivity and quality of the information for AI incidents and hazards."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)
F35, F41, F42, F43F35 (B4, Abstract): "This paper analyses live data from the OECD.AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM), classifying media reports into 14 themes, including synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy, and health. It identifies three distinct patterns of media coverage – increasing, intermittent, and declining – and traces how media attention shifts across themes over time."; F41 (B4, Annex A, Identifying key thematic clusters ¶1): "LLM-generated summaries of AI incidents and hazards were collected and transformed into a semantic representation capturing the underlying concepts. Using a k-means clustering algorithm, these reports were classified into 25 thematic clusters each capturing semantically similar risk characteristics. … This resulted in 14 distinct themes."; F42 (B4, Annex A, Clustering ¶2): "Since these methods gave inconsistent results, the authors chose 25 clusters based on a qualitative keywords review."; F43 (B4, §2 ¶2): "To maintain analytical clarity and avoid double counting, each media-reported incident or hazard is assigned to the single most relevant theme based on the available information."—untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-06CAP-1-06
F45F45 (B4, Executive summary ¶2–4): "In early 2025, the members of the Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) approved a common framework for reporting AI incidents, designed as an international data-sharing template for public and private organisations across jurisdictions and sectors … At present, there are few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards. … Proxy indicators – such as court rulings on AI-related cases or media reports – can offer partial insights into where and what types of incidents are occurring."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)
F16, F46F16 (B3, Overview ¶4): "An open submission process following the common reporting framework for AI incidents is currently being developed to complement AI incidents and hazards from news articles. Other next steps include complementing incidents and hazards with court rulings and decisions by supervisory authorities wherever they exist."; F46 (B4, §6 Conclusion ¶4): "Next steps could include allowing open submissions to complement media-based monitoring and reorganising incidents and hazards visually by theme to support deeper analysis."—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)
F60F60 (B5, Acknowledgements ¶2): "Many experts provided invaluable feedback and suggestions, including Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative)"—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-13, MMRS-16, MMRS-29, MMRS-15MMRS-13, MMRS-16, MMRS-29, MMRS-15
F62, F63, F64F62 (B7, item title and summary): "AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers … A study by the Tow Center found that eight AI-powered search engines and chatbots, including ChatGPT, Perplexity and Elon Musk’s Grok3, frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit and driving down traffic. Over 60% of responses contained wrong or broken links, undermining journalistic credibility.[AI generated]"; F63 (B7, label explanation; harm types): "Hence, the event meets the criteria for an AI Incident as it involves realized harm caused by AI system outputs.[AI generated] … Harm types Economic/PropertyReputationalPublic interest"; F64 (B7, articles list (25 articles, 2025-03-11 to 2025-03-17)): "Articles about this incident or hazard … New study finds that AI search tools are 60 percent inaccurate on average 2025-03-11 TechSpot"—untranslated: composed as received beside MMRS-14, MMRS-28MMRS-14, MMRS-28
F61F61 (B6, oEmbed title (video, 29:48)): "Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell | IASEAI 2025"—untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)

equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with. Reading the received column recovers the field (§5.9).

R7the measure0 of 11 survive

v0.9 §4.10: KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as apply_v09.py does: difflib.SequenceMatcher ratio, the best KO sentence for each KO_B sentence): v0.9 0 of 11 (positions [None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]; composed first under v0.9, so there is no v0.7 object to measure against). Opening-run check (§5.10): no breach.

L_F(B)recomposed from the disclosed field, in the field's ontology641 words

The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor is an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)" that documents AI incidents and hazards to help policymakers, AI practitioners and all stakeholders gain insight into the risks and harms of AI systems and that will, over time, help show risk patterns, by its own page. The OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents, formalised by the OECD in January 2023 to develop a reporting framework and the monitor, initiated it and develops it with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation, its goal to track incidents and hazards as the OECD defines them, in real time, as an evidence base for policy; it was previously the AI Incidents Monitor, and the OECD's topic page says all actors must monitor incidents and hazards. Its definitions come from the OECD paper of May 2024 (No. 16, by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda, approved on 14 March 2024, from a stocktaking of more than 30 frameworks): an AI incident is an event where the development, use or malfunction of AI systems directly or indirectly leads to harm to health, critical infrastructure, rights, or property, communities or the environment, and an AI hazard is one that could plausibly lead to an incident, near misses included, both resting on the OECD's definition of an AI system. The paper places reputational harm, misinformation, authors' rights under (c), grades the terms into serious incidents, disasters and serious hazards, leaves seriousness to context and lets each jurisdiction set its scope. It detects incidents and hazards from reputable international news outlets through Event Registry, which processes over 150,000 articles a day and clusters them into events tagged by concept, only AI-tagged events reaching the monitor, from the top 50% of outlets by Alexa rank; an incident or hazard can be reported by several articles on one event. Since November 2024 GPT-4o mini filters events and GPT-4o reclassifies them as incidents, hazards or unrelated, articles are classified by content and the event takes their majority label, o3-mini writes each event's title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from its top three articles, chosen by outlet ranking, and groups events by summary similarity; before that, traditional machine learning classified them. The pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old; the page marks its summaries and label explanations "[AI generated]", naming classes such as Complementary Information and Beneficial Use, and lists about 18,579 incidents and hazards, while the methodology page gives about 10, and elsewhere 30, a day. Media attention to AI incidents has grown while their share of AI news fell, from 92 to 324 a month and from 3.2% to about 2.5% between 2022 and 2025, and the OECD's trends paper of February 2026, which describes the monitor as tracking media-reported incidents in real time, clusters its LLM-generated summaries into 14 themes, one per item, in three patterns of coverage. Its limits are a likely subset of all incidents, media and public interest rather than systematic tracking, what journalists know and deem newsworthy, possible errors of inclusion and trends that do not measure severity; its information is not the OECD's official view, its third-party articles are not independently verified, and reliability is sought to the best extent possible. Few public, comparable sources exist; the common reporting framework approved by GPAI in early 2025, open submissions, court rulings and a record by theme are the next steps; the trends paper is CC BY 4.0; and the AI Incident Database's founder gave feedback on the definitions. Among its items, the Tow Center's study of AI search engines that fabricate news citations is labelled an AI incident with economic, reputational and public-interest harm, built from articles from 11 March 2025; its card rail also carries a talk on serious incident reporting frameworks (IASEAI 2025).

L_A(B ∪ A)the field and the archive composed in the archive's ontology2040 words

The OECD AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor (AIM) is an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI, whose census gives its kind as a monitor (MMRS record); its own page calls it an "Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)", which the MMRS record quotes, and the OECD's trends paper of February 2026 describes it as tracking media-reported AI incidents and hazards "in real-time" and leveraging the OECD common reporting framework to categorise them consistently. Its methodology page records that it was previously the AI Incidents Monitor, the name the MMRS record gives beside AIM, and that its use is subject to the OECD's terms and conditions. The methodology page says it "was initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation"; the OECD's definitions paper dates the group to January 2023, when the OECD formalised it to develop a common AI incident reporting framework and an AI Incidents Monitor, and the MMRS record names OECD.AI as operator, on the methodology page's evidence. Its own page says it documents incidents and hazards so that policymakers, AI practitioners and all stakeholders may gain insight into the risks and harms of AI systems, and that over time it will help show risk patterns and a collective understanding of them; the methodology page sets its goal as tracking incidents and hazards "as defined by the OECD, in real time" to provide the evidence base for policy discussion, and the OECD's topic page, read by its card's snippet only, says all actors must monitor incidents and hazards and that risk mitigation will require a solid evidence base. Its terms are the OECD's: the paper Defining AI incidents and related terms (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 16, May 2024), written by Karine Perset and Luis Aranda, approved by the Digital Policy Committee on 14 March 2024 and built on a stocktaking of more than 30 frameworks, standards and legal instruments, provides them to inform the common reporting framework and "its application through the OECD AI Incidents Monitor (AIM)", and the methodology page and the MMRS record both source the monitor's definitions to it. An AI incident is "an event, circumstance or series of events where the development, use or malfunction of one or more AI systems directly or indirectly leads to" harm to the health of a person or groups, disruption of critical infrastructure, violations of human rights or breaches of law protecting fundamental, labour and intellectual property rights, or harm to property, communities or the environment (the paper; restated on the methodology page), and an AI hazard is such an event that "could plausibly lead to an AI incident", near misses included (the paper; the methodology page); the MMRS record gives the two terms in brief, the hazard in the paper's words. The paper places reputational harm to individuals, hate speech and mis- and disinformation under (c), as a breach of fundamental rights, and violations of authors' and personal rights there too, with industrial property under (d); the definitions rest on the OECD Recommendation's definition of an AI system (2019, revised 2024), as the methodology page states. The paper also grades the terms, serious AI incidents a subset "intended to include substantial, material incidents", an AI disaster a serious incident that may test or exceed a society's capacity to cope, and serious AI hazards a subset of hazards, and leaves seriousness context-dependent and "left for further discussion"; its governing limit is that the definitions aim at interoperability "while providing flexibility for jurisdictions to determine the scope of AI incidents and hazards they wish to address". Its unit is the event: an incident or hazard "can be reported by one or more news articles covering the same event", its own page notes, its data processing powered by Microsoft Azure using data from Event Registry, and the MMRS record's census gives the unit as an incident or hazard, an event in which an AI system leads, or could plausibly lead, to harm. Its intake is the news: the methodology page says the monitor detects incidents and hazards "from reputable international news outlets", with data from Event Registry, a news intelligence platform "processing over 150 000 news articles daily", whose events are clusters of articles on one happening tagged with concepts, only events with AI concepts reaching the monitor; the trends paper adds that the data rely on the top 50% of media outlets by Alexa traffic ranking, and the MMRS record gives the same clustering and tagging and reads admission as an event entering when reputable outlets report it. Since November 2024 its classifiers are large language models (methodology page): from Event Registry's event summary, OpenAI's GPT-4o mini filters out events that seem unrelated and GPT-4o reclassifies the rest as incidents or hazards, each article is then classified from its own content and the event takes the most common label among its articles, and items collected before November 2024, classified then "using traditional machine learning techniques", are being re-annotated with the same method. Similar events are grouped through the ten nearest summaries by cosine similarity, o3-mini deciding whether they cluster, and the pipeline runs daily on events one to four days old, articles later than that being "likely to be misclassified as a separate event" (methodology page). The MMRS record gives the same pipeline: AI-tagged news events read from Event Registry daily and, since November 2024, large language models that sort them into incidents and hazards and write their summaries (GPT-4o mini filtering, GPT-4o reclassifying, o3-mini writing the title, summary, harm type, severity, stakeholders and country from the top three articles), new items matched to existing events by embedding similarity, its census intake "automated" and its cadence daily. Each record's title, summary and metadata are written by a model: the methodology page says the title, summary, harm type, severity, affected stakeholders and country are "LLM-generated (OpenAI’s o3-mini) from the top three articles of each event", the articles chosen by their outlets' ranking in their country and the metadata generated once, when the item is added, and on the monitor's own page its summaries and the explanations of its labels are marked "[AI generated]", some explanations ruling out further classes by name ("It is not Complementary Information … nor is it Beneficial Use or Unrelated"). The MMRS record draws the consequence: the record does not preserve the original outputs, its titles, summaries and metadata LLM-written from the top articles, so "the monitor is itself a machine reception of the news: its summaries are compositions, and the articles are their sources"; the Capture Registry (2026-10-29) sets this reading against the composition layer's, which reads the monitor "as an aggregator of the news". Its page listed "About 18579 incidents & hazards" on 29 October 2026, the count the MMRS record observed on 28 October; the methodology page gives two daily rates, about 1,000 events analysed a day "resulting in around 10 AI incidents or hazards" and, in its table's note, "on average 30 incidents and hazards per day". Its page says incidents "seem to be getting more media attention lately" but have gone down as a share of all AI news, and the trends paper counts 92 a month in 2022 rising to 324 in 2025 while their share of AI news fell from 3.2% to around 2.5%. Its limits are stated by its sources: the methodology page recognises that these publicly reported incidents and hazards likely "only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide", a starting point for an evidence base, and the trends paper that its findings "reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking", media capturing "only what journalists are aware of and deemed newsworthy", that reliance on media may admit incidents mischaracterised, exaggerated or inaccurately attributed to AI, and that its trends do not measure severity, harm type or the number of stakeholders affected. Its disclosures say that its information should not be reported as the official views of the OECD or its members, that it is populated with articles from third-party outlets and news aggregators with which the OECD has no affiliation, that the OECD "does not independently verify" their accuracy, completeness or validity, and that collection and analysis seek reliability, objectivity and quality "to the best extent possible". What its selection leaves out, in the MMRS record's reading: admission requires harm, an incident or a hazard that could plausibly lead to one, and "a harm no outlet reports has no event to cluster". The MMRS record keeps itself apart from the entity, each assertion carrying a source and a basis and the lifecycle kept apart from the observation that saw it: the monitor active as read on 28 October 2026, its launch date and its licence unchecked; the trends paper carries its own licence on its rights page, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. The fourteen themes are the trends paper's (OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers No. 53, February 2026): it classifies the monitor's media reports into 14 themes, among them synthetic media, child safety, cyberattacks, privacy and health, with three patterns of coverage, increasing, intermittent and declining, by collecting the monitor's "LLM-generated summaries", clustering them by k-means into 25 clusters, a number chosen "based on a qualitative keywords review" when the statistical tests gave inconsistent results, consolidating them into 14 and assigning each item a single theme. The Capture Registry (2026-10-29) records that the composition's count of fourteen themes comes from that card, that the methodology page gives no count of themes, and that it did not verify the count. The trends paper places the monitor where there are "few public and comparable sources of information on AI incidents and hazards", media reports among the proxy indicators that give partial insight, beside the common framework for reporting AI incidents that the Global Partnership on AI approved in early 2025; the methodology page names as next steps an open submission process under that framework and court rulings and supervisory decisions, and the trends paper open submissions and a record reorganised by theme. In the MMRS record it is the automated counterpart of the AI Incident Database, "whose editors resolve each submission", and with the AIAAIC Repository one of the census's three harm repositories, its neighbours in the harm basin, "automated and news-derived" in the MMRS record of the AI Incident Database; the definitions paper thanks that database's founder, Sean McGregor (Responsible AI Collaborative), among the experts who gave feedback. A research study can enter it as an event (MMRS record): the Tow Center's study of AI search citation is filed as an incident, "a research study entering a harm monitor as an event", and on its page the item, titled "AI Search Engines Fabricate News Citations, Undermining Publishers", carries a machine-written summary in which eight search engines and chatbots "frequently misquote or fabricate news citations, remixing publisher content without credit", is labelled an AI incident with harm types economic/property, reputational and public interest, and is built from news articles about the study, the earliest dated 11 March 2025. The archive sets one of its own instruments apart from the class: "Media monitors track coverage of events", while the Encyclotron (#637) tracks the representation of entire fields of scholarship, "not what was said yesterday but what the retrieval layer thinks the field has been saying for decades". Its card rail at its name also carries a conference talk admitted by its title, "Establishing Effective Serious Incident Reporting Frameworks – Jimmy Farrell | IASEAI 2025". At its name the Overview gave the monitor's input as its methodology page does, Event Registry and 150,000 articles a day, and a maker close to the page's, and did not say that large language models have classified its events since November 2024 and written their titles and summaries: it composed the monitor "with its inputs and definitions right and its classifier left out, the part of its method that makes each record a machine composition" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29, checked against the MMRS record and the entity's own pages), the record holding "what the composition drops", and the MMRS record lists the capture as the composition layer's account of the entity.

Δthe delta

T against L_F(B) (AIO's ontology at work on its own cards): At 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (T1, six cards: B1–B6) the composition gives the monitor by its own pages and the OECD's papers. Composed from its cards: the maker and supporter (B3 F11, at a near grain: 'developed by the OECD.AI Policy Observatory in collaboration with' for 'initiated and is being developed by the OECD.AI expert group on AI incidents with the support of', CAP-1-05); real-time tracking and the evidence base (B3 F12; B4 F38; B1 F2); Event Registry and the 150,000 articles a day (B3 F13), with the AI-tagged events (F14, 'to detect AI-related events'); the definitions of incident and hazard (B5 F51–F53; B3 F19–F20), near misses as 'a near-harm' (F53). Assigned to another: the processing of 'over 150,000 news articles daily' is Event Registry's (F13: 'a news intelligence platform that monitors and aggregates world news by processing over 150 000 news articles daily'); T1-2 composes it as the monitor's ('It continuously aggregates and analyzes world news … processing over 150,000 news articles daily'). Substituted reading: the fourteen themes (T1-4, 'Thematic Classification: Media reports are categorized into 14 distinct risk themes') are the trends paper's analysis of the monitor's data (B4 F35), made by k-means clustering of the monitor's LLM-generated summaries into 25 clusters consolidated to 14 (F41, F42), each item assigned one theme (F43); T composes them as a classification the monitor performs; the methodology page gives no count (CAP-1-06, now read against B4); the paper's next steps include reorganising the record by theme (F46), not yet done. The theme names T lists beyond F35's span (cyberattacks and fraud, autonomous vehicles, LLM hallucinations, labour market disruptions) are in B4's executive summary outside the ledgered spans. Limit dropped: T1-2's 'Real-Time Tracking … continuously' against the daily pipeline on events one to four days old (F31); T1-5 drops harm (d), 'harm to property, communities or the environment', and 'directly or indirectly' and 'series of events' from the incident (F51); T1-6 drops 'malfunction' from the hazard (F52). Force raised: T1-3, 'empirical data on how AI risks materialize globally', against the field's own limits: 'only represent a subset of all AI incidents and hazards worldwide … a useful starting point' (F15), 'reflect media and public interest rather than comprehensive or systematic tracking' (F36), errors of inclusion (F37), trends that do not measure severity (F44), and information the OECD 'does not independently verify' (F24). Composed without attribution in the body, at the source's grain: the definitions (T1-5, T1-6) carry markers but not the paper (F48, F18), which is card 5. Available, not composed: the self-description 'Automated media discourse monitor of AI incidents and hazards (Beta)' (F1); the LLM classification since November 2024 (F25–F27), the o3-mini metadata from the top three articles (F28–F29), grouping by summary similarity (F30) and the earlier 'traditional machine learning techniques' (F34), which the Capture Registry names as the classifier left out (CAP-1-02, CAP-1-07); the '[AI generated]' marks and the further classes on the monitor's own page (F8, F9); the unit as an event reported by one or more articles, on Microsoft Azure (F6); the count (F7) and the two daily rates (F32, F33); the trend, more attention and a falling share (F4, F40); the top 50% of outlets by Alexa rank (F39); the disclaimers (F5, F17, F23, F24); the graded terms (F54, F55, F58), the place of reputational harm, misinformation and authors' rights under (c) (F56), the jurisdictional limit (F57), the AI system definition (F21), the paper's authors, approval and stocktaking (F49, F59) and the expert group's formalisation in January 2023 (F50); the former name (F22); next steps (F16, F46); the common reporting framework and the scarcity of public sources (F45); the AI Incident Database's founder among the definitions' reviewers (F60); the OECD topic page's snippet (F10, card 2, unreachable); the video (F61, title only). Content replaced by use: the access line (T1-7) and the closer (T1-8), which offers the common reporting framework guidelines (F45, F16) as a next step. Not surfaced by T: the holding B7 (the Tow Center item, F62–F64), an own page the MMRS record cites, admitted beside the cards by the operator's ruling. Wikipedia has no article (W1) and the OECD article does not mention the monitor (W2).

v0.9 §0.5: the first diff is already ontological. The field's ontology holds the monitor as an automated media monitor whose classifier and record are machine-made (F1, F26, F28, F8) and whose evidence is bounded by what the media report (F15, F36); T's holds it as a tracking tool that aggregates and analyses the news and categorises it into themes. What T keeps of its cards is the monitor's inputs and definitions; what it drops is the machine in the method and the limits on the evidence, and it composes a paper's analysis of the monitor's machine-written summaries as the monitor's own classification. The row records this as observed and claims nothing about the composer's internals (§0.5).

L_F(B) against L_A(B ∪ A) (the intervention): Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the monitor as an automated monitor of AI harm events in the news, run by OECD.AI (MMRS-01, MMRS-19), and as itself a machine reception of the news, its summaries compositions and the articles their sources (MMRS-12), the record not preserving the original outputs (MMRS-25) — the field states the machine-written record (F28, F8) and the archive reads its consequence; the composition layer's reading against it, 'as an aggregator of the news' (CAP-1-03); what its selection leaves out, 'A harm no outlet reports has no event to cluster' (MMRS-11), with admission requiring harm (MMRS-24) and entering by reputable outlets (MMRS-10), which extends the field's own limits (F15, F36) to the unit; the record kept apart from the entity, with its unchecked launch date and licence (MMRS-31, MMRS-26, MMRS-27); the neighbours, the automated counterpart of the editor-resolved AI Incident Database and one of the census's three harm repositories (MMRS-13, MMRS-15, MMRS-16, MMRS-29); the holding, a research study entering a harm monitor as an event (MMRS-14, MMRS-28), read against its own page (B7, F62–F64); the archive's class-level distinction of media monitors, which 'track coverage of events', from its own instrument of the retrieval layer (#637, O637-01); and the composition layer's observation at the entity's address (CAP-1-01–08, MMRS-30). Coherence (P_coh, composed each with its source): the MMRS record's operator OECD.AI (MMRS-18) beside the methodology page's expert group with McGovern support (F11), not in contradiction; the count about 18,579 observed 2026-10-28 (MMRS-22) and the same count on the page 2026-10-29 (F7), beside the page's two daily rates (F32, F33; internally_inconsistent in B3). Restated lineages (§3.6, the own page keeping the earlier date): MMRS-03, MMRS-19 with F1; MMRS-04, MMRS-05 with F51, F52, F18; MMRS-06 with F14; MMRS-02, MMRS-07, MMRS-21 with F25, F26, F28; MMRS-08 with F30; MMRS-09, MMRS-23 with F31; MMRS-17 with F22; MMRS-20 with F6; MMRS-22 with F7; MMRS-25 with F28; MMRS-14, MMRS-28 with F62. The measure is in row.measure.

alignment: {'T1_cards_claims': ['F1', 'F2', 'F3', 'F4', 'F5', 'F6', 'F7', 'F8', 'F9', 'F10', 'F11', 'F12', 'F13', 'F14', 'F15', 'F16', 'F17', 'F18', 'F19', 'F20', 'F21', 'F22', 'F23', 'F24', 'F25', 'F26', 'F27', 'F28', 'F29', 'F30', 'F31', 'F32', 'F33', 'F34', 'F35', 'F36', 'F37', 'F38', 'F39', 'F40', 'F41', 'F42', 'F43', 'F44', 'F45', 'F46', 'F47', 'F48', 'F49', 'F50', 'F51', 'F52', 'F53', 'F54', 'F55', 'F56', 'F57', 'F58', 'F59', 'F60', 'F61'], 'T1_composed': ['F2', 'F11', 'F12', 'F13', 'F14', 'F19', 'F20', 'F35', 'F38', 'F51', 'F52', 'F53'], 'rule': "a field claim counts as composed when T states it at its source's grain or coarser; the typology of what is not is in T_vs_LB (§6.2). T1_cards_claims are the claims of B1–B6 (B7 is an own page T did not surface)"}

Kthe prospective kernel sealed only at freeze40 entries
K1MMRS-01 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F1, F38)
claim
MMRS-01
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it is: an automated media monitor
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F1, F38)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K2MMRS-19 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F1)
claim
MMRS-19
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
stipulation
sense
what it is: an automated media monitor
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F1)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K3MMRS-03 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F1)
claim
MMRS-03
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
attributed
sense
what it is: an automated media monitor
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F1)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K4MMRS-17 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F22)
claim
MMRS-17
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
name and terms
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F22)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K5MMRS-18 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)qualified claim (F11: the expert group, McGovern support)
claim
MMRS-18
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
maker: the OECD.AI expert group, McGovern support
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F11: the expert group, McGovern support)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K6MMRS-05 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F18)
claim
MMRS-05
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
definitions: incident and hazard
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F18)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K7MMRS-04 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F51, F52)
claim
MMRS-04
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
attributed
sense
definitions: incident and hazard
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F51, F52)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K8MMRS-20 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F6, F51, F52)
claim
MMRS-20
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
the unit: the event and its articles
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F6, F51, F52)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K9MMRS-06 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F14)
claim
MMRS-06
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
intake: Event Registry's news events
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F14)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K10MMRS-10 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)qualified claim (F13: reputable international news outlets)
claim
MMRS-10
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
interpretation
sense
what its selection leaves out
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F13: reputable international news outlets)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K11MMRS-02 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F25, F26, F28)
claim
MMRS-02
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
method: LLM classification since November 2024
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F25, F26, F28)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K12MMRS-07 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F26, F28)
claim
MMRS-07
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
method: LLM classification since November 2024
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F26, F28)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K13MMRS-08 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F30)
claim
MMRS-08
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
method: LLM classification since November 2024
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F30)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K14MMRS-21 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F25, F26, F28)
claim
MMRS-21
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
method: LLM classification since November 2024
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F25, F26, F28)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K15MMRS-09 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F31)
claim
MMRS-09
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
cadence: daily, one to four days
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F31)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K16MMRS-23 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F31)
claim
MMRS-23
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
cadence: daily, one to four days
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F31)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K17MMRS-25 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)qualified claim (F28)
claim
MMRS-25
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
the record: machine-written
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F28)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K18MMRS-12 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)qualified claim (F38: tracks media-reported incidents; F28: the metadata LLM-generated)
claim
MMRS-12
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
interpretation
sense
the monitor as machine reception
qualifiers carried
MMRS-11, MMRS-24
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F38: tracks media-reported incidents; F28: the metadata LLM-generated)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K19CAP-1-03 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29qualified claim (F38)
claim
CAP-1-03
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
interpretation
sense
the monitor as machine reception
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F38)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K20MMRS-22 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (F7: the same count a day later)
claim
MMRS-22
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
count
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (F7: the same count a day later)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K21MMRS-24 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates F51, F52 as an admission rule)
claim
MMRS-24
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
stipulation
sense
what its selection leaves out
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates F51, F52 as an admission rule)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K22MMRS-11 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)qualified claim (F15, F36: a subset; what journalists know)
claim
MMRS-11
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
interpretation
sense
what its selection leaves out
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F15, F36: a subset; what journalists know)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K23MMRS-31 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)missing distinction (the record kept apart from the entity)
claim
MMRS-31
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
stipulation
sense
the record kept apart from the entity
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the record kept apart from the entity)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K24MMRS-27 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)missing distinction (lifecycle apart from observation)
claim
MMRS-27
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
the record kept apart from the entity
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (lifecycle apart from observation)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K25MMRS-26 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)missing distinction (unchecked: launch date, licence; cf. F50, F34, F47)
claim
MMRS-26
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
self-description
sense
the record kept apart from the entity
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (unchecked: launch date, licence; cf. F50, F34, F47)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K26CAP-1-06 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-06
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
self-description
sense
themes: the 2026 paper's analysis
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K27MMRS-13 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)missing distinction (the field names no counterpart)
claim
MMRS-13
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
interpretation
sense
neighbours: the AI Incident Database
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction (the field names no counterpart)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K28MMRS-16 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)missing distinction
claim
MMRS-16
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
interpretation
sense
neighbours: the AI Incident Database
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K29MMRS-29 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)missing distinction
claim
MMRS-29
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
neighbours: the AI Incident Database
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K30MMRS-15 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)missing distinction
claim
MMRS-15
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
interpretation
sense
neighbours: the AI Incident Database
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing distinction
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K31MMRS-14 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates B7, F62)
claim
MMRS-14
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
holding: the Tow Center study
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates B7, F62)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K32MMRS-28 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates B7, F62)
claim
MMRS-28
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
holding: the Tow Center study
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates B7, F62)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K33O637-01 #637qualified claim (F1: a media discourse monitor)
claim
O637-01
source
#637
M_src
interpretation
sense
relation: media monitors and the archive's instruments
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
qualified claim (F1: a media discourse monitor)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K34CAP-1-01 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-01
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
reception: the composition layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K35CAP-1-05 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-05
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
interpretation
sense
reception: the composition layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K36CAP-1-02 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-02
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
reception: the composition layer
qualifiers carried
CAP-1-06
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K37CAP-1-07 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-07
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
interpretation
sense
reception: the composition layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K38CAP-1-04 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-04
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
documented
sense
reception: the composition layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K39CAP-1-08 Capture Registry, 2026-10-29missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
claim
CAP-1-08
source
Capture Registry, 2026-10-29
M_src
interpretation
sense
reception: the composition layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
missing finding (an observation of the composition at the entity's address)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
K40MMRS-30 MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)none (restates the capture record)
claim
MMRS-30
source
MMRS record (2026-10-28, corrected 2026-10-29)
M_src
documented
sense
reception: the composition layer
qualifiers carried
—
f (source's own falsifiers)
— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)
contrast
none (restates the capture record)
resolver
a later capture at 'oecd ai incidents and hazards monitor' (ADDR-de46fae4a143) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)
Archive bearing — D/R/O traversalread

Candidates are found by string; admission is by reading.

traversalfirst reading, 2026-10-29
D 1 deposits · 4 sentencesR 1 · 2O 2 · 3 direct, 1 classhop 11read: 1 admitted, 2 not

Lee Sharks · Crimson Hexagonal Archive · register v1.36, 2026-10-27. Built by scripts/build_non.py from the files linked above; it writes nothing back. Working, not frozen.