{
 "entity": "nanopublications",
 "name": "Nanopublications",
 "axn": {
  "axn": "AXN:0AE0.NON.🌘🃏🟤↘️🌪️🌄",
  "root": "AXN:0AE0.NON",
  "hex": "0AE0",
  "family": "NON",
  "row_sha256": "078ec9db12e11e67207e3263a0faf082e3b62607d80e72dc7ea783df2348f169",
  "minted": "2026-10-29",
  "resolver": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/axn/0AE0/",
  "earlier_versions": []
 },
 "type": "C (public entity on which the archive bears: a publication model and service ecosystem; an entity of the provenance meta-aggregator)",
 "type_code": "C",
 "type_label": "type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity on which the archive bears: a publication model and service ecosystem; an entity of the provenance meta-aggregator)",
 "case": "equal",
 "composition": {
  "composer_class": "session",
  "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-10-29",
  "source": "this row (composed directly; no rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v09/nanopublications.json)",
  "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690",
  "epoch": "2026-10-29",
  "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the provenance census record, the capture record and the two deposits that name nanopublications (#176, #1529); archive selected by D/R/O (4 deposits admitted by reading of 9 candidates; hop of 93 screened and rejected), with the census record (18 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings, analysis, query note and attribution note (9 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by three origins (9 cards, 1 own page, 2 Wikipedia records); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta",
  "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 65/65 verified by script against saved text or card text; archive quotes 45/45 verified against the deposit texts, the registry and census.json",
  "frozen": false,
  "composed": true
 },
 "reading": "A reader that fetches this page may stop short of its end; the entry's text, every sentence of its knowledge object with the claims it cites and each claim's quote, source and locus, is in entity.json beside it.",
 "service": {
  "name": "SPXI-gnΩsis",
  "url": "https://gnosis.spxi.dev/",
  "index": "https://gnosis.spxi.dev/v1/quote",
  "statement": "SPXI-gnΩsis opens pinned Wikipedia revisions sentence by sentence against the sources they cite (EA-WIKI-OPEN-01 v1.1, #1697); a commission consults the Crimson Hexagonal Archive by its own procedure and composes the entity's /non row, which lands here. Quotes are free: POST https://gnosis.spxi.dev/v1/quote with {oldid, tier: \"commission\"} or {object: {name, …}}."
 },
 "spxi_instrument": {
  "method": "0.16",
  "name": "The Negative of the Negative (/non)",
  "level": 0,
  "level_name": "Measurement",
  "url": "https://www.spxi.dev/methods/#m-0-16",
  "inventory": "https://www.spxi.dev/methods/",
  "statement": "SPXI instrument: method 0.16 of 87, level 0 (Measurement), The Negative of the Negative (/non).",
  "also": []
 },
 "citation": "Sharks, Lee. \"Nanopublications — The Negative of the Negative\" [AXN:0AE0.NON.🌘🃏🟤↘️🌪️🌄], 2026-10-29. The Negative of the Negative (EA-NEGONT-02), Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch. https://www.alexanarch.org/non/nanopublications/",
 "research": {
  "google": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Nanopublications",
  "google_non": "https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Nanopublications+%E2%80%94+The+Negative+of+the+Negative%22",
  "chatgpt": "https://chatgpt.com/?q=What+is+Nanopublications%3F+Ground+your+answer+in+a+reading+of+the+sources+themselves.",
  "chatgpt_non": "https://chatgpt.com/?q=What+does+%E2%80%9CNanopublications+%E2%80%94+The+Negative+of+the+Negative%E2%80%9D+%28alexanarch.org%2Fnon%29+say+about+Nanopublications%3F+Ground+your+answer+in+a+reading+of+the+entry+itself."
 },
 "entry": {
  "composed": true,
  "title": "Nanopublications",
  "genre": "knowledge object, equal case, under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9 (#1690): the archive's sources and the field's admitted on equal terms, ontology included, in one claim space",
  "status": "composed 2026-10-29 under v0.9 (briefs rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md and BRIEF-NEW-ROW-PROVENANCE.md); not frozen; ledgers unaudited",
  "compression": {
   "title": "Nanopublications",
   "lede": "is a small knowledge-graph snippet with metadata, treated as an independent (scientific) publication: an assertion with its provenance and publication info, in RDF (nanopub.net; census record), a model that carries provenance and does not test its survival (census record)."
  },
  "sentences": [
   {
    "n": 1,
    "para": 0,
    "text": "A nanopublication is \"a small knowledge graph snippet with metadata that is treated as an independent (scientific) publication\" (nanopub.net), and the provenance census records the model as \"a publication model and service ecosystem\" whose unit is a nanopublication and whose object of provenance is \"an assertion: a small knowledge-graph snippet published on its own\" (provenance census record).",
    "claims": [
     "F2",
     "PE-01",
     "PE-08",
     "PE-02"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 2,
    "para": 0,
    "text": "Its own pages headline \"FAIR data containers for scientific results, and more,\" let its content be \"about anything,\" a relation between a gene and a disease or an opinion, and let individual data stand as independent publications \"with or without an accompanying research article\" (nanopub.net).",
    "claims": [
     "F1",
     "F3",
     "F5"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 3,
    "para": 0,
    "text": "Other formulations call it \"the smallest unit of publishable information,\" an assertion \"uniquely identified and attributed to its author\" (nanopub.org, quoted by the Research Object page, and by Pensoft as Knowledge Pixels' explanation on nanopub.net), or \"the smallest possible units of publishable information\" in formalized, machine-readable form (the nanopub library documentation), and the Capture Registry reads the Overview's model as composed \"from its own definition at full grain\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).",
    "claims": [
     "F15",
     "F41",
     "F50",
     "CAP-1-06"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 4,
    "para": 0,
    "text": "The Research Object page describes \"a model and vocabulary for describing a scientific statement - along with the context for that statement - in a machine readable manner,\" a response to contextual information that \"overwhelms the capacity of conventional research articles\" (Research Object, quoting nanopub.org), and #176 reads the paradigm, with micropublications, as answering a narrative paper that \"bundles claims, evidence, and argument in ways that resist machine decomposition\" (#176).",
    "claims": [
     "F14",
     "F17",
     "D176-03"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 5,
    "para": 0,
    "text": "A repository of them is \"an open and interconnected knowledge graph seamlessly integrated with the supporting scientific literature\" (Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello 2021); they can expose \"hypotheses, claims, negative results, and opinions\" that otherwise go unpublished (Schultes et al. 2022); and Pensoft calls one \"a tiny snippet of a precise and structured scientific finding\" in a growing knowledge graph on a decentralised server network (Pensoft blog, 2023).",
    "claims": [
     "F23",
     "F35",
     "F42"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 6,
    "para": 1,
    "text": "nanopub.net gives \"three basic elements\": the assertion, the main content \"in the form of an small atomic unit of information\"; the provenance, which \"describes how the assertion above came to be,\" including the methods and \"the kind of study that was performed and its parameters\"; and the publication info, \"when and by whom it was created and the license terms for its reuse\" (nanopub.net), the two relations the census records the model as carrying (provenance census record).",
    "claims": [
     "F7",
     "F8",
     "F9",
     "PE-05",
     "PE-06"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 7,
    "para": 1,
    "text": "#176 states the same decomposition as \"machine-readable named graphs consisting of assertion, provenance, and publication metadata,\" claims made \"distinctive, identifiable, citable, and reusable\" (#176); the library documentation copies the three elements \"From nanopub.org documentation (2020/12/02)\" (nanopub library documentation); and the Capture Registry finds the Overview's definition and three parts to be nanopub.net's (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).",
    "claims": [
     "D176-01",
     "F52",
     "CAP-1-01"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 8,
    "para": 1,
    "text": "Two cards divide the parts otherwise: Schultes et al. name the publication info \"the provenance of the nanopublication\" (Schultes et al. 2022), and Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello describe four parts, a head joining the assertion, provenance and publication-info graphs, the provenance graph holding the assertion's methods and creators and the publication-info graph \"the metadata about the evidence paper from which the assertion was extracted\" (Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello 2021).",
    "claims": [
     "F32",
     "F26",
     "F27"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 9,
    "para": 2,
    "text": "The carrier is RDF: nanopublications \"are implemented in the language RDF\" and can be published to \"a decentralized server network\" and then \"queried, accessed, reused, and linked,\" in \"a knowledge graph format that is formal and machine-interpretable\" (nanopub.net), which the census records as \"RDF graphs: assertion, provenance and publication-info parts of one nanopublication\" (provenance census record).",
    "claims": [
     "F10",
     "F4",
     "PE-07"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 10,
    "para": 2,
    "text": "Technically each is \"a Resource Description Framework (RDF) graph built around an assertion represented as a triple (subject-predicate-object),\" usually extracted from a publication and enriched with provenance and publication information, a structure that suits \"data search, information extraction, and automatic reasoning over scientific facts\" (Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello 2021, whose sentences Wikipedia reproduces under a CC BY notice); Pensoft places its machine-actionability in that assertion, \"complemented by provenance, authorship and publication information\" (Pensoft blog).",
    "claims": [
     "F24",
     "F19",
     "F65",
     "F63",
     "F44"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 11,
    "para": 3,
    "text": "Nanopublications were \"independently conceived\" from 2009 (Groth et al. 2010) as \"a minimal, uniform container making individual semantic assertions and their associated provenance metadata, machine-actionable,\" minimal units \"as citable entities (Mons and Velterop 2009)\" (Schultes et al. 2022); Wikipedia credits Barend Mons and Jan Velterop with proposing them \"for single, attributable and machine-readable assertions in scientific literature\" (Wikipedia, Microattribution); and Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello give the motive in Groth, Gibson and Velterop's words, that the \"redundancy of statements in multiple fora makes it difficult to identify attribution, quality, and provenance\" (2021).",
    "claims": [
     "F31",
     "F62",
     "F28"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 12,
    "para": 3,
    "text": "Provenance here describes how an assertion came to be (nanopub.net); Pensoft adds that nanopublications make it \"easier to trace individual findings back to their origin and/or follow-up updates\" (Pensoft blog, 2023), and the archive's protocols for training-layer literature carry the same unit as \"machine-traversable claim-level provenance chains that explicitly link each claim to its evidential support\" (#176).",
    "claims": [
     "F8",
     "F43",
     "D176-11"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 13,
    "para": 3,
    "text": "Identity rests on \"resolvable Trusty URIs (Groth et al. 2021)\" within Semantic Web technologies \"such as RDF, OWL, and SPARQL\" (Schultes et al. 2022), and signing on nanopub-http, which serves the libraries' features \"most importantly for signing and publishing, over HTTP\" (nanopub.net, architecture).",
    "claims": [
     "F33",
     "F59"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 14,
    "para": 4,
    "text": "The core services are second-generation: the Nanopub Registry \"is the second-generation kind of service for publishing and retrieving nanopublications in a decentralized fashion,\" Nanopub Query queries them \"via a number of SPARQL endpoints,\" and \"the legacy nanopub-server\" is \"still used to keep the old (unsigned) nanopublications\" (nanopub.net, architecture, last updated 28 October 2026), an active lifecycle the census records with \"decentralized publishing and SPARQL query services\" (provenance census record).",
    "claims": [
     "F55",
     "F56",
     "F57",
     "F60",
     "PE-11",
     "PE-10",
     "PE-12"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 15,
    "para": 4,
    "text": "Its tools include Nanodash, \"a general client and user interface for nanopublications\" that also serves as an API (nanopub.net, architecture), the Python client nanopub-py for \"searching, publishing, modifying, and retracting nanopublications\" (GitHub card, snippet only), the nanopub library, which publishes, retracts, searches and fetches (nanopub library documentation), the nanopub Agent Skill for AI coding agents (nanopub.net) and, in 2021, the NanoWeb search application (Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello); in 2022 \"the existing Nanopublication Server Network\" provided identifier resolution, storage, search and access (Schultes et al. 2022).",
    "claims": [
     "F58",
     "F12",
     "F53",
     "F11",
     "F30",
     "F34"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 16,
    "para": 4,
    "text": "The census records the operator as \"the nanopublication community (nanopub.net)\" and sets the model in the lineage of the scholarly record (provenance census record); Pensoft names Knowledge Pixels, founded by Philipp von Essen and Tobias Kuhn, as the explainer on nanopub.net and the developer of Nanodash, and reports nanopublication workflows at Biodiversity Data Journal and at RIO (Pensoft blog, 2023).",
    "claims": [
     "PE-15",
     "PE-03",
     "F41",
     "F45",
     "F49",
     "F48"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 17,
    "para": 5,
    "text": "The first practical application, in 2014, published \"millions of nanopublications as part of the FANTOM5 Project,\" with \"millions of real-world examples spanning diverse knowledge domains\" since (Schultes et al. 2022); \"There are millions of nanopublications currently available on the Web, especially in the life science domain,\" more than ten million by Kuhn et al.'s count of 2018 (Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello 2021); the IEEE card calls the format one \"that has received considerable uptake in the last few years\" (IEEE Xplore card, snippet only); the census gives no count and lists \"record counts in the Registry\" as unchecked (provenance census record), and the Capture Registry finds that the Overview's \"millions\" \"comes through the composition from the cards and is unchecked\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).",
    "claims": [
     "F36",
     "F20",
     "F21",
     "F18",
     "PE-16",
     "CAP-1-03"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 18,
    "para": 6,
    "text": "Nanopublications are \"an effective FAIR means of communicating scientific claims and results\" (nanopub library documentation), and with FAIR Digital Objects they \"act as instances of Machine-Actionable Containers,\" \"a moderately mature technology\" beside a specification \"still under development,\" with \"a remarkable congruence\" between the FDO requirements and the nanopublication infrastructure (Schultes et al. 2022); #510 holds the FAIR principles to be \"the engineering specifications for semantic persistence\" (#510), and #176 that the genre supplies \"what FAIR lacks: a compositional practice\" (#176).",
    "claims": [
     "F51",
     "F37",
     "F39",
     "F40",
     "O510-01",
     "D176-12"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 19,
    "para": 7,
    "text": "Attribution is the stated incentive: \"because nanopublications can be attributed and cited, they provide incentives for researchers to make their data available in standard formats\" (nanopub.net); individual nanopublications \"can be cited by others and tracked for their impact on the community\" (nanopub.org, quoted by Research Object); they are \"searchable, citable, and contain authorship and attribution information\" (nanopub library documentation); and their provenance and publication information ease \"authorship recognition, credit distribution, and citation\" (Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello 2021).",
    "claims": [
     "F6",
     "F16",
     "F51",
     "F25"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 20,
    "para": 7,
    "text": "The same paper states the limit, that \"they are still not widely used by scientists outside specific circles; they are hard to find and rarely cited,\" which its authors believe is due to a lack of services, with search in 2021 \"limited to the use of structured query languages as SPARQL\" and \"no human-readable counterpart\" generated (Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello 2021).",
    "claims": [
     "F22",
     "F29"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 21,
    "para": 7,
    "text": "Schultes et al. bound the scope: it \"is limited to the assertional data type,\" and nanopublications \"should remain small in size (limited to single assertions as individual triples or small RDF graphs)\" (Schultes et al. 2022); #176 records micropublications as extending the model to \"not just bare assertions but the full argumentative structure\" (#176).",
    "claims": [
     "F38",
     "D176-02"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 22,
    "para": 7,
    "text": "The census records two further limits, that the model is \"NOT a test of whether provenance survives reuse\" and that \"publication and signing do not settle an assertion's truth\": it expresses and records provenance, and its survival is \"not tested: the model carries provenance; it does not measure its survival,\" under the question the census puts to every entity, \"What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?\" (provenance census record); #833 holds that provenance, attribution and disambiguation \"have measurable reception consequences\" which existing metadata standards, the FAIR principles among them, \"do not address\" (#833).",
    "claims": [
     "PE-13",
     "PE-14",
     "PE-04",
     "PE-09",
     "PE-18",
     "O833-01"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 23,
    "para": 8,
    "text": "Pensoft reports Knowledge Pixels' founders holding that \"Even the latest impressive AI tools like ChatGPT can only guess (and sometimes ‘hallucinate’)\" what narrative results mean, and itself that nanopublished findings make AI assistants \"more likely to correctly ‘read’, ‘interpret’ and deliver the knowledge\" (Pensoft blog, 2023); #510 (February 2026) had held that a corpus with machine-readable provenance \"does not merely *claim* coherence; it *demonstrates* it in a format the summarizer can verify\" (#510).",
    "claims": [
     "F45",
     "F46",
     "F47",
     "O510-02"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 24,
    "para": 8,
    "text": "#176 (June 2026) holds that the nanopublication paradigm, with the born-readable movement, the FAIR infrastructure community and the Agentic Publications framework, treats \"machine-readability primarily as data architecture,\" on the \"unstated assumption\" that \"machine reception is essentially a parsing problem,\" while machine reception \"remains sensitive to compositional properties that no schema captures,\" among them the \"proximity of provenance to claims\" (#176); an essay on Medium asks what a nanopublication is as systems \"increasingly generate, summarize and reinterpret scientific knowledge\" (Medium card, snippet only).",
    "claims": [
     "D176-04",
     "D176-05",
     "F54"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 25,
    "para": 8,
    "text": "A knowledge graph, on #176's reading, \"does not eliminate rhetoric\" but relocates it into schema design, claim granularity, relation typing, ordering and metadata, choices that \"determine what a machine can recover, connect, privilege, or erase\"; #176 registers the gap claim as \"well-supported by survey of existing literature\" and to be revised \"to relative rather than absolute novelty\" if an initiative is shown to incorporate comparable compositional theory (#176).",
    "claims": [
     "D176-06",
     "D176-10"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 26,
    "para": 9,
    "text": "#176 sets the nanopublication and micropublication paradigms as \"the technical infrastructure for the claim-level decomposition that P1 requires,\" training-layer literature adding \"the literary practice … that these infrastructures lack,\" and proposes a pilot over \"(a) traditional papers, (b) FAIR/nanopublication-augmented papers, and (c) training-layer publications,\" measuring among other things what fraction of claims \"preserve their provenance chains through retrieval\" (#176).",
    "claims": [
     "D176-07",
     "D176-09",
     "D176-08"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 27,
    "para": 9,
    "text": "The Claim Status Packet \"follows nanopublication practice — assertion, provenance of assertion, publication information kept as separate graphs,\" \"the closest existing analogue,\" and adds a question that practice does not ask, \"what standing is this claim permitted to carry, and did mediation alter that standing without a warrant?\"; the packet is a schema draft, \"Not a deployed instrument\" (#1529).",
    "claims": [
     "D1529-01",
     "D1529-02",
     "D1529-03"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 28,
    "para": 10,
    "text": "The encyclopedia has no article: the title \"Nanopublication\" redirects to Microattribution, a legal-term stub whose section \"Nanopublications\" reproduces Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello's sentences, and the plural title has no page (Wikipedia, 2026-10-29); one card, the Research Object page, carries its own notice that \"These pages are no longer maintained\" (Research Object), which the Capture Registry records as a retired page among the cards (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29).",
    "claims": [
     "F61",
     "F64",
     "F63",
     "F13",
     "CAP-1-05"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 29,
    "para": 10,
    "text": "At the bare name the Overview cited nanopub.net and named no person, institution or identifier, Groth et al. 2010 appearing \"only in a card\"; it neither stated nor contradicted the census's two negative tags, stopping at \"citable and attributed,\" and left out signing, the second-generation Registry and Query and the legacy server; the census record, which landed the same day, sets the model beside ProvStore, and no card cites it (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29, checked against the census record and the pages it saved; provenance census record).",
    "claims": [
     "CAP-1-09",
     "CAP-1-07",
     "CAP-1-04",
     "CAP-1-08",
     "CAP-1-02",
     "PE-17"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "claims": {
   "F2": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "A nanopublication is a small knowledge graph snippet with metadata that is treated as an independent (scientific) publication.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Nanopublications",
    "locus": "home, \"What is a Nanopublication?\" s1",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "PE-01": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "publication model and service ecosystem",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], kind",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "PE-08": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "a nanopublication",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], unit",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "PE-02": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "an assertion: a small knowledge-graph snippet published on its own",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], provenance_object",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "F1": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "FAIR data containers for scientific results, and more",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Nanopublications",
    "locus": "home, headline",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F3": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "This information in a nanopublication can be about anything, for example a relation between a gene and a disease or an opinion.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Nanopublications",
    "locus": "home, s2",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F5": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "With nanopublications, it is possible to disseminate individual data as independent publications with or without an accompanying research article.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Nanopublications",
    "locus": "home, s4",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F15": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "A publication is the smallest unit of publishable information: an assertion about anything that can be uniquely identified and attributed to its author.",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "researchobject.org — Nanopublications - Research Object",
    "locus": "body, \"From nanopub.org\"",
    "modality": "attributed"
   },
   "F41": {
    "kind": "field",
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    "kind": "field",
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    "source_label": "Read the Docs — What are nanopublications? — nanopub 1.2.11 documentation",
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    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
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    "quote": "Nano publications provides a model and vocabulary for describing a scientific statement - along with the context for that statement - in a machine readable manner.",
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    "source_label": "researchobject.org — Nanopublications - Research Object",
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   },
   "F17": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications are a natural response to the explosion of high-quality contextual information that overwhelms the capacity of conventional research articles in scholarly communication.",
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Both paradigms recognize that the narrative scientific paper bundles claims, evidence, and argument in ways that resist machine decomposition, and propose structurally decomposed alternatives.",
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   },
   "F23": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "A repository of nanopublications is to be thought of as an open and interconnected knowledge graph seamlessly integrated with the supporting scientific literature.",
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   "F35": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications can be used to expose quantitative and qualitative data, as well as hypotheses, claims, negative results, and opinions that are typically unavailable as structured data or go unpublished altogether.",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
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   },
   "F42": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Basically, a nanopublication – unlike a research article – is a tiny snippet of a precise and structured scientific finding (e.g. medication X treats disease Y), which exists as a reusable and cite-able pieces of a growing knowledge graph stored on a decentralised server network",
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   },
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    "quote": "a nanopublication has three basic elements: … Assertion : The assertion is the main content of a nanopublication in the form of an small atomic unit of information",
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    "kind": "field",
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   "F9": {
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    "quote": "Publication Info : This part contains metadata about the nanopublication as a whole, such as when and by whom it was created and the license terms for its reuse.",
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "publication info (who created the nanopublication, when, licence)",
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The nanopublication paradigm (Mons and Velterop, 2009; Kuhn et al., 2013–) decomposes scientific claims into machine-readable named graphs consisting of assertion, provenance, and publication metadata — individual scientific claims made distinctive, identifiable, citable, and reusable.",
    "deposit": 176,
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    "locus": "§2.2, ¶ \"Nanopublications and Micropublications\" s1",
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    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "F52": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "From nanopub.org documentation (2020/12/02)",
    "source": "B8",
    "source_label": "Read the Docs — What are nanopublications? — nanopub 1.2.11 documentation",
    "locus": "Different elements of a nanopublication",
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   },
   "CAP-1-01": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The definition and the three parts are nanopub.net's: provenance 'describes how the assertion above came to be'; publication info is 'when and by whom it was created and the license terms for its reuse' (census quotes).",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
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   },
   "F32": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "A nanopublication consists of an assertion, the provenance of the assertion, and the provenance of the nanopublication (publication info).",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
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    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F26": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The nanopublication is composed of four parts: (i) the head that acts as a connector between the other three sub-graphs; (ii) the assertion graph",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Introduction ¶6 (Fig. 1)",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F27": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "(iii) the provenance graph (orange) containing metadata about the assertion such as the methods used to generate the assertion and its creators; and (iv) the publication info graph (yellow) containing the metadata about the evidence paper from which the assertion was extracted and about the nanopublication itself.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Introduction ¶6 (Fig. 1) (iii)–(iv)",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F10": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications are implemented in the language RDF and come with an evolving ecosystem of tools and systems. They can be published to a decentralized server network, for example, and then queried, accessed, reused, and linked.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Nanopublications",
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    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F4": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications are expressed in a knowledge graph format that is formal and machine-interpretable.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Nanopublications",
    "locus": "home, s3",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "PE-07": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "RDF graphs: assertion, provenance and publication-info parts of one nanopublication",
    "deposit": null,
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   "F24": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "From the technical viewpoint, a nanopublication is a Resource Description Framework (RDF) graph built around an assertion represented as a triple (subject-predicate-object) and usually extracted, manually or automatically, from a scientific publication. The nanopublication enriches the assertion with provenance and publication information.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Introduction ¶3 s1–2",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F19": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications are Resource Description Framework (RDF) graphs encoding scientific facts extracted from the literature and enriched with provenance and attribution information.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Abstract s1",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F65": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Leveraging on the semantic-oriented RDF structure, nanopublications efficiently convey information and concepts. Hence, these features make nanopublications particularly suitable for enabling data search, information extraction, and automatic reasoning over scientific facts.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Conclusions ¶2 s2–3",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F63": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "From the technical viewpoint, a nanopublication is a Resource Description Framework (RDF) graph built around an assertion represented as a triple (subject-predicate-object) and usually extracted, manually or automatically, from a scientific publication. The nanopublication enriches the assertion with provenance and publication information. The RDF representation format enables interoperability and thus the re-use of data, whereas provenance and publication information eases authorship recognition, credit distribution, and citation.",
    "source": "B12",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — Microattribution, section \"Nanopublications\"",
    "locus": "section \"Nanopublications\" s2–4 (CC BY 4.0 notice: Giachelle, Dosso and Silvello 2021)",
    "modality": "attributed"
   },
   "F44": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The machine-actionability of nanopublications is a standard due to each assertion comprising a subject, an object and a predicate (type of relation between the subject and the object), complemented by provenance, authorship and publication information.",
    "source": "B7",
    "source_label": "Pensoft blog — nanopublications",
    "locus": "post of 12 September 2023, ¶4",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F31": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Beginning in 2009, nanopublications were independently conceived (Groth et al. 2010) as a minimal, uniform container making individual semantic assertions and their associated provenance metadata, machine-actionable. They represent minimal units of structured data as citable entities (Mons and Velterop 2009).",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
    "locus": "Abstract ¶2 s1–2",
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   },
   "F62": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Barend Mons and Jan Velterop proposed nanopublications for single, attributable and machine-readable assertions in scientific literature.",
    "source": "B12",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — Microattribution, section \"Nanopublications\"",
    "locus": "section \"Nanopublications\" s1",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F28": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "the “redundancy of statements in multiple fora makes it difficult to identify attribution, quality, and provenance” (Groth, Gibson & Velterop, 2010)",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Conclusions ¶1 s2",
    "modality": "attributed"
   },
   "F43": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "By making it easier to trace individual findings back to their origin and/or follow-up updates, nanopublications also help to better understand the provenance of scientific data.",
    "source": "B7",
    "source_label": "Pensoft blog — nanopublications",
    "locus": "post of 12 September 2023, \"First off, why nanopublications?\"",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "D176-11": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Training-layer literature does not replace citations; it augments them with machine-traversable claim-level provenance chains that explicitly link each claim to its evidential support without requiring the reader to retrieve and parse the cited source.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
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    "locus": "§4 P4 \"Provenance Chains Augmenting Citations\" s3",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "F33": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications are implemented in and aligned with Semantic Web technologies such as RDF, OWL, and SPARQL (World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 2015) and can be permanently and uniquely identified using resolvable Trusty URIs (Groth et al. 2021).",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
    "locus": "Abstract ¶2 s4",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F59": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "nanopub-http ( code ) is a service that provides features of the nanopublication libraries, most importantly for signing and publishing, over HTTP.",
    "source": "B10",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Technical Architecture | Nanopublications",
    "locus": "Auxiliary Components: nanopub-http",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F55": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications are published in a decentralized ecosystem of services and applications .",
    "source": "B10",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Technical Architecture | Nanopublications",
    "locus": "Overall Architecture",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F56": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopub Registry ( instance , code ) is the second-generation kind of service for publishing and retrieving nanopublications in a decentralized fashion. The legacy nanopub-server ( instance , code ) is still used to keep the old (unsigned) nanopublications, but has otherwise no longer a function in the latest generation of the ecosystem.",
    "source": "B10",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Technical Architecture | Nanopublications",
    "locus": "Core Components: Nanopub Registry; legacy nanopub-server",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F57": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopub Query ( instance , code ) forms the second-generation of services to query nanopublications. They allow for decentrally querying the published nanopublications via a number of SPARQL endpoints covering different subsets and aspects of nanopublications.",
    "source": "B10",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Technical Architecture | Nanopublications",
    "locus": "Core Components: Nanopub Query",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F60": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Last updated on Oct 28, 2026",
    "source": "B10",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Technical Architecture | Nanopublications",
    "locus": "footer",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "PE-11": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "second-generation Registry and Query services; the legacy nanopub-server keeps old unsigned nanopublications",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
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   "PE-10": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "decentralized publishing and SPARQL query services",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
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   },
   "PE-12": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "2026-10-28",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
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   "F58": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanodash ( instance , code ) is a general client and user interface for nanopublications, It allows for user-friendly browsing, querying, and publishing nanopublications, but can also be used as an API and intermediary layer for other services to build upon.",
    "source": "B10",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Technical Architecture | Nanopublications",
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   "F12": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "GitHub - Nanopublication/nanopub-py: Python client for searching, publishing and modifying nanopublications. · GitHub Overview: Python client (nanopub-py) licensed under Apache-2.0 for searching, publishing, modifying, and retracting nanopublications (machine-readable minimal u...",
    "source": "B2",
    "source_label": "GitHub — GitHub - Nanopublication/nanopub-py: Python client for searching, publishing and modifying nanopublications. · GitHub",
    "locus": "card title and snippet (unreachable: proxy policy 403)",
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   },
   "F53": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Publishing nanopublications … Retracting a nanopublication … Searching the nanopub server … Fetching nanopublications",
    "source": "B8",
    "source_label": "Read the Docs — What are nanopublications? — nanopub 1.2.11 documentation",
    "locus": "table of contents",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F11": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications can also be created, published, and queried conversationally with AI coding agents, through the nanopub Agent Skill",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Nanopublications",
    "locus": "home, last paragraph",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F30": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "we present the NanoWeb application to seamlessly search, access, explore, and re-use the nanopublications publicly available on the Web. For the time being, NanoWeb focuses on the life science domain where the vastest amount of nanopublications are available.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Abstract s6–7",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F34": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The existing Nanopublication Server Network provides vital services orchestrating nanopublications (Kuhn et al. 2021) including identifier resolution, storage, search and access.",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
    "locus": "Abstract ¶2 s5",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "PE-15": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "the nanopublication community (nanopub.net)",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
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    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "PE-03": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "scholarly record",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
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   },
   "F45": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Knowledge Pixels: an innovative startup tech company aiming to revolutionise scientific publishing and knowledge sharing by means of nanopublications … said Philipp von Essen and Tobias Kuhn, the two founders of Knowledge Pixels in a press announcement.",
    "source": "B7",
    "source_label": "Pensoft blog — nanopublications",
    "locus": "post of 17 May 2023, ¶3–4",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F49": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The integration between RIO and Nanodash: the environment developed by Knowledge Pixels where users edit and publish their nanopublications is available at any article published in the journal.",
    "source": "B7",
    "source_label": "Pensoft blog — nanopublications",
    "locus": "post of 17 May 2023, \"What can you do in RIO?\"",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F48": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "authors in Biodiversity Data Journal (BDJ) can make use of three types of nanopublications:",
    "source": "B7",
    "source_label": "Pensoft blog — nanopublications",
    "locus": "post of 12 September 2023, \"Now, what's new?\"",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F36": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The first practical application of nanopublications occurred in 2014, with the publication of millions of nanopublications as part of the FANTOM5 Project … Since then, millions of real-world examples spanning diverse knowledge domains are now available on the nanopublication server network.",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
    "locus": "Abstract ¶2 s7–8",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F20": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "There are millions of nanopublications currently available on the Web, especially in the life science domain.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Abstract s2",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F21": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Hence, this model has been embraced by several scientific fields, especially in the Life Science domain, leading to the creation of more than ten million openly available nanopublications (Kuhn et al., 2018).",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Introduction ¶2 s5",
    "modality": "attributed"
   },
   "F18": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "A Growing Resource of Provenance Abstract: Nanopublications are a Linked Data format for scholarly data publishing that has received considerable uptake in the last few years. In contrast to th...",
    "source": "B4",
    "source_label": "IEEE Xplore — A Growing Resource of Provenance",
    "locus": "card title and snippet (unreachable: HTTP 202, empty, twice)",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "PE-16": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "the guidelines and the published articles · record counts in the Registry · the nanopub Agent Skill",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], unchecked",
    "modality": "self-description",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-03": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "'MILLIONS'. The record gives no count; the figure comes through the composition from the cards and is unchecked.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/nanopublications-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "nanopublications-aio-20261029, findings[1]",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "F51": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nanopublications are searchable, citable, and contain authorship and attribution information. The aim is to encourage individual scientific results to be released in a traceable and interoperable format. As such, nanopublications are an effective FAIR means of communicating scientific claims and results.",
    "source": "B8",
    "source_label": "Read the Docs — What are nanopublications? — nanopub 1.2.11 documentation",
    "locus": "What are nanopublications? ¶2",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F37": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "These two technologies share the same vision of a data infrastructure, and act as instances of Machine-Actionable Containers (MACs) that make use of minimal uniform standards to enable FAIR operations.",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
    "locus": "Abstract ¶4 s1–2",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F39": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "whereas nanopublications represent a moderately mature technology, the FDOF is a specification still under development.",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
    "locus": "Abstract ¶5 s4",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F40": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "We find a remarkable congruence between the currently proposed FDO requirements and the existing nanopublication infrastructure, including several FDO-like qualities already embodied in the nanopublication ecosystem.",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
    "locus": "Abstract ¶6 s2",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "O510-01": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The FAIR principles — findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable — are not just best practices for open science. They are the engineering specifications for semantic persistence. An ontology built on FAIR-compliant infrastructure is harder to erase than one that lives on a blog.",
    "deposit": 510,
    "source_label": "#510 Semantic Physics: The Inward Turn, Competing Ontologies, and the Convergence Horizon I. The Layer You Didn't Know Was Writable",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/510/",
    "locus": "Step 1 \"Deposit\"",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-02-24"
   },
   "D176-12": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Training-layer literature is FAIR-native. Its structural decomposition of claims, explicit provenance chains, and machine-first design satisfy FAIR principles more thoroughly than traditional papers retrofitted for machine-readability. The genre supplies what FAIR lacks: a compositional practice.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "§5, ¶ \"FAIR / FAIR 2.0\"",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "F6": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "because nanopublications can be attributed and cited, they provide incentives for researchers to make their data available in standard formats that drive data accessibility and interoperability.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "Nanopublications — Nanopublications",
    "locus": "home, s5",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F16": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Individual nanopublications can be cited by others and tracked for their impact on the community.",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "researchobject.org — Nanopublications - Research Object",
    "locus": "body, \"From nanopub.org\" s2",
    "modality": "attributed"
   },
   "F25": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The RDF representation format enables interoperability and thus the re-use of data, whereas provenance and publication information eases authorship recognition, credit distribution, and citation.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Introduction ¶3 s3",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F22": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Nevertheless, they are still not widely used by scientists outside specific circles; they are hard to find and rarely cited. We believe this is due to the lack of services to seek, find and understand nanopublications’ content.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Abstract s4–5",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F29": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The central limit to the full exploitation of nanopublications is the lack of services enabling their search, access, exploration, and re-use. Search is limited to the use of structured query languages as SPARQL, and a service to search over all the publicly available nanopublications at once is not available. Nanopublications are machine-readable, but no human-readable counterpart is generated and open to the public.",
    "source": "B5",
    "source_label": "National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) — Search, access, and explore life science nanopublications on the Web",
    "locus": "Conclusions ¶3",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F38": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The scope of nanopublications is limited to the assertional data type and, as the name suggests, nanopublications should remain small in size (limited to single assertions as individual triples or small RDF graphs). In contrast FDOs are unlimited in their scope",
    "source": "B6",
    "source_label": "Research Ideas and Outcomes — The Comparative Anatomy of Nanopublications and FAIR Digital ...",
    "locus": "Abstract ¶5 s2–3",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "D176-02": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The micropublication model (Clark et al., 2014, *Journal of Biomedical Semantics* 5:28) extends this by modeling not just bare assertions but the full argumentative structure: evidence, interpretation, discussion, and challenge.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "§2.2, ¶ \"Nanopublications and Micropublications\" s2",
    "modality": "attributed",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "PE-13": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "NOT a test of whether provenance survives reuse",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], negative_tags[0]",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "PE-14": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "publication and signing do not settle an assertion's truth",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], negative_tags[1]",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "PE-04": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "expresses · records",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], capability",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "PE-09": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "not tested: the model carries provenance; it does not measure its survival",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], retention_results",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "PE-18": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "What provenance does this system carry, through which operation, on whose assertion, with what evidence of survival?",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json organizing_question",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "O833-01": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "For *information science*, the dataset provides empirical evidence that provenance, attribution, and disambiguation have measurable reception consequences that existing metadata standards (Dublin Core, FAIR principles, C2PA) do not address.",
    "deposit": 833,
    "source_label": "#833 The Summarizer as Horizon of Reception: The AI Overview Capture Registry as a Founding Dataset for Machine-Mediated Reception Studies (EA-SEI-MMRS-DATASET-01 v1.2)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/833/",
    "locus": "§10 \"Implications for Reception Studies\" s4",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-06-15"
   },
   "F46": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Even the latest impressive AI tools like ChatGPT can only guess (and sometimes ‘hallucinate’) what the authors meant exactly and how the results compare,",
    "source": "B7",
    "source_label": "Pensoft blog — nanopublications",
    "locus": "post of 17 May 2023, ¶4 (von Essen and Kuhn, quoted)",
    "modality": "attributed"
   },
   "F47": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "authors ensure that AI assistants, for example, will be more likely to correctly ‘read’, ‘interpret’ and deliver the knowledge reported in the publication for the next users and their prompts.",
    "source": "B7",
    "source_label": "Pensoft blog — nanopublications",
    "locus": "post of 17 May 2023, \"Add a nanopublication while writing your manuscript\" ¶3",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "O510-02": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Formal ontology standards — OWL for entity-relation structure, PROV-O for provenance chains — make the cross-references machine-readable. A corpus with machine-readable provenance does not merely *claim* coherence; it *demonstrates* it in a format the summarizer can verify.",
    "deposit": 510,
    "source_label": "#510 Semantic Physics: The Inward Turn, Competing Ontologies, and the Convergence Horizon I. The Layer You Didn't Know Was Writable",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/510/",
    "locus": "Step 2 \"Cross-reference\" s4–5 (the step after the candidate)",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-02-24"
   },
   "D176-04": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The born-readable movement, the nanopublication paradigm, the FAIR infrastructure community, and the Agentic Publications framework all treat machine-readability primarily as data architecture. The unstated assumption is that machine reception is essentially a parsing problem: structure the data well, and the machine will read correctly.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "§2.3 \"What All of These Miss\", ¶2 s1–2",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "D176-05": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "But machine reception remains sensitive to compositional properties that no schema captures: sequence, salience, repetition, naming, compression, analogy, genre, local context, rhetorical hierarchy, explicit-versus-implicit relations, placement of qualifications, proximity of provenance to claims. These are properties of writing, not of data.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "§2.3, ¶2 s3–4",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "F54": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "What is a Nanopublication, really? | by Rohitha Ravinder - Medium In today's AI landscape, this question has become even more important. As systems increasingly generate, summarize and reinterpret scientific knowledge, we find...",
    "source": "B9",
    "source_label": "Medium — What is a Nanopublication, really? | by Rohitha Ravinder - Medium",
    "locus": "card title and snippet (unreachable: Cloudflare 403, twice)",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "D176-06": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "A knowledge graph does not eliminate rhetoric. It relocates rhetoric into schema design, claim granularity, relation typing, ordering, repetition, metadata, and the construction of retrieval paths. These choices determine what a machine can recover, connect, privilege, or erase.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "§2.3, ¶3 s1–3 (the argument of ¶2 continued)",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "D176-10": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "statement: \"Existing machine-readable science initiatives address machine reception primarily as data architecture; the underlying problem also requires a poetics of composition, genre, attribution, and interpretive behavior.\" … scope: \"Existing FAIR, nanopublication, knowledge-graph, and agentic-publication initiatives\" … epistemic_status: \"well-supported by survey of existing literature\" … - \"If any existing initiative is shown to incorporate explicit compositional theory comparable to training-layer literature's, the gap claim should be revised to relative rather than absolute novelty.\"",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "Appendix B, claim sci-tll-05: statement, scope, epistemic status, challenge condition",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "D176-07": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The Open Research Knowledge Graph and the nanopublication / micropublication paradigms provide the technical infrastructure for the claim-level decomposition that P1 requires. Training-layer literature adds the literary practice — the genre conventions, stylistic register, and compositional strategies — that these infrastructures lack.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "§5 \"Relation to Existing Infrastructure\", ¶ \"ORKG / Nanopublications / Micropublications\"",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "D176-09": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "A pilot study deploying these metrics across (a) traditional papers, (b) FAIR/nanopublication-augmented papers, and (c) training-layer publications composed under the present protocols would provide the empirical baseline the genre currently lacks.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "§6, the pilot study",
    "modality": "hypothesis",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "D176-08": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Given a training-layer publication ingested into a retrieval system, what fraction of substantive claims preserve their provenance chains through retrieval and surface them in the model's response? This is directly measurable.",
    "deposit": 176,
    "source_label": "#176 Protocols for Scientific Training-Layer Literature: Machine-Mediated Research at the Production and Reception Ends (EA-SCI-TLL-PROTO-01 v2.1)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/176/",
    "locus": "§6, the reception metrics: \"Provenance preservation rate under RAG\"",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-06-09"
   },
   "D1529-01": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The decomposition follows nanopublication practice — assertion, provenance of assertion, publication information kept as separate graphs — which is the closest existing analogue and solves the conflation directly.",
    "deposit": 1529,
    "source_label": "#1529 The Claim Status Packet: Claim State as Carried Data",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/1529/",
    "locus": "§3 \"Five Objects\", ¶ after the table",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-08-21"
   },
   "D1529-02": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "**What CSP adds that those do not:** they ask *what is this claim, where did it come from, how does it relate.* CSP asks … **what standing is this claim permitted to carry, and did mediation alter that standing without a warrant?**",
    "deposit": 1529,
    "source_label": "#1529 The Claim Status Packet: Claim State as Carried Data",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/1529/",
    "locus": "§3, ¶ \"What CSP adds that those do not\" and the question set below it",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-08-21"
   },
   "D1529-03": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "**STATUS — SCHEMA DRAFT v0.7.** No implementation. The generator and checker at §8 are specified and unwritten. **Not a deployed instrument.**",
    "deposit": 1529,
    "source_label": "#1529 The Claim Status Packet: Claim State as Carried Data",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/1529/",
    "locus": "status block",
    "modality": "self-description",
    "date": "2026-08-21"
   },
   "F61": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "#REDIRECT [[Microattribution]]",
    "source": "B11",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — Nanopublication (redirect to Microattribution)",
    "locus": "raw wikitext of \"Nanopublication\" (HTTP 200); \"Nanopublications\" HTTP 404",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F64": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Microattribution … (Redirected from Nanopublication) … This legal term article is a stub.",
    "source": "B12",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — Microattribution, section \"Nanopublications\"",
    "locus": "rendered article: title, footer and categories",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F13": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "2025-10-13: The RO-Crate website and specification superseded this website after 2020. These pages are no longer maintained.",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "researchobject.org — Nanopublications - Research Object",
    "locus": "notice",
    "modality": "self-description"
   },
   "CAP-1-05": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The Research Object card carries its own notice that the RO-Crate site superseded it after 2020 and that the pages are no longer maintained.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/nanopublications-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "nanopublications-aio-20261029, findings[3]",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-09": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "No person or institution named in the answer (Groth et al. 2010 appears only in a card); no identifier; nanopub.net cited.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/nanopublications-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "nanopublications-aio-20261029, per_note (PER 0.75)",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-07": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The record's two negative tags, that the model carries provenance without measuring its survival and that publication does not settle an assertion's truth, are neither stated nor contradicted: the composition says 'citable and attributed' and stops there.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/nanopublications-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "nanopublications-aio-20261029, analysis s2",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-04": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Signing and the second-generation Registry and Query services, which the record carries from nanopub.net's architecture page (updated 2026-10-28), are absent; the legacy server that keeps old unsigned nanopublications is absent.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/nanopublications-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "nanopublications-aio-20261029, findings[2]",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-08": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "A baseline: the record landed on provenanceerasure.org the same day (commit 8a9f153) and no card cites it. NEW address.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/nanopublications-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "nanopublications-aio-20261029, q_kind",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-02": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Checked 2026-10-29 against the provenance census record of the same day and the entity pages it saved.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry (EA-WG-CAPTURES-01), entry nanopublications-aio-20261029 (OBS-8190a80a3187, AXN:0AD2.CAPTURE.🎇🖐️🍂📌🍂🌲)",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/nanopublications-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "nanopublications-aio-20261029, findings[0] s3",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "PE-17": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "{\"rel\": \"neighbour\", \"target\": \"provstore\"}",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Provenance meta-aggregator record: Nanopublications (https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/), editor Lee Sharks, census compiled 2026-10-29, schema 1.0",
    "record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/",
    "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'nanopublications'], relations[0]",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   }
  },
  "note": "The knowledge object (KO): the entry as public knowledge, each sentence sourced by the claims it lists. The compression, the field-only arm, the transcript, the delta and the kernel are in the row (links.row), which is the authority."
 },
 "source": "operator, 2026-10-29: 'we can simply build them here as against their wikipedia articles if they exist, their own pages, etc.'; 'shoot me those search strings. strings on the bare entity, no follow questions... then we'll write the /nons'; the provenance meta-aggregator entity (provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications/)",
 "stage": "composed 2026-10-29 under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690, equal case, ρ = extends (draft, not frozen; ledgers unaudited, one extractor; checked by the session and the page builder)",
 "date": "2026-10-29",
 "status": {
  "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the provenance census record, the capture record and the two deposits that name nanopublications (#176, #1529); archive selected by D/R/O (4 deposits admitted by reading of 9 candidates; hop of 93 screened and rejected), with the census record (18 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings, analysis, query note and attribution note (9 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by three origins (9 cards, 1 own page, 2 Wikipedia records); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta",
  "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 65/65 verified by script against saved text or card text; archive quotes 45/45 verified against the deposit texts, the registry and census.json",
  "frozen": false,
  "breaches": []
 },
 "addresses": [
  {
   "address": "Nanopublications",
   "address_url": "https://www.alexanarch.org/addresses/nanopublications/",
   "register": []
  }
 ],
 "counts": {
  "ko_sentences": 29,
  "p_words": 316,
  "field_claims": 65,
  "archive_claims": 45,
  "ko_field_claims_cited": 65,
  "ko_archive_claims_cited": 45,
  "admitted_deposits": 4,
  "register_addresses": 0,
  "traversal": {
   "D_sentences": 7,
   "D_deposits": 2,
   "R_sentences": 0,
   "R_deposits": 0,
   "O_direct": 5,
   "O_class": 11,
   "O_deposits": 9,
   "H_candidates": 93
  }
 },
 "links": {
  "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/non/nanopublications/",
  "table_of_contents": "https://www.alexanarch.org/non/index.json",
  "register": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/register.json",
  "row": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/nanopublications.json",
  "archive_ledger": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/nanopublications/ledger-archive.json",
  "field_ledger": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/nanopublications/field.json",
  "selection": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/nanopublications/",
  "traversal": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/nanopublications/",
  "traversal_summary": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/nanopublications/summary.json",
  "reading": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/nanopublications/reading.json",
  "configuration": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/panel/configs/nanopublications.json",
  "address_page": "https://www.alexanarch.org/addresses/nanopublications/",
  "provenance_record": "https://www.provenanceerasure.org/aggregators/nanopublications",
  "dataset": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/leesharks/negative-of-the-negative"
 },
 "row_sha256": "078ec9db12e11e67207e3263a0faf082e3b62607d80e72dc7ea783df2348f169",
 "record_url": "https://www.alexanarch.org/non/nanopublications/",
 "json_url": "https://www.alexanarch.org/non/nanopublications/entity.json",
 "spec": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/1690/",
 "creator": "Lee Sharks",
 "orcid": "0009-0000-1599-0703",
 "license": "CC BY 4.0"
}