{
 "entity": "cms-ai-copyright-tracker",
 "name": "CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker",
 "axn": {
  "axn": "AXN:0ABF.NON.⚪🐚⭐🦅♈∮",
  "root": "AXN:0ABF.NON",
  "hex": "0ABF",
  "family": "NON",
  "row_sha256": "c77a087fa9950f8dbf06e2f11bf9cec924ad1aacc31dafe072ab42e843478579",
  "minted": "2026-10-29",
  "resolver": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/axn/0ABF/",
  "earlier_versions": []
 },
 "type": "C (public entity: an aggregator of machine-mediated reception work)",
 "type_code": "C",
 "type_label": "type C — a conventional reading holds it (public entity: an aggregator of machine-mediated reception work)",
 "case": "equal",
 "composition": {
  "composer_class": "session",
  "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-10-29",
  "source": "this row (composed directly; no rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v09/cms-ai-copyright-tracker.json)",
  "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690",
  "epoch": "2026-10-29",
  "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the MMRS record and the capture record; archive selected by D/R/O (no candidate in 1,711 texts; O-class matched nothing; no hop), with the MMRS record (24 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings and analysis (8 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by three origins (4 card sources for 4 cards, one of them the own page the MMRS record cites; no further own page; Wikipedia: no article, the operator's article read); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta",
  "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 41/41 verified by script against saved text, rendered Wikipedia text or card text; archive quotes 32/32 verified verbatim against the registry, census.json and articles.py; carried as marked: MMRS-10 and MMRS-16 with defects noted",
  "frozen": false,
  "composed": true
 },
 "reading": "A reader that fetches this page may stop short of its end; the entry's text, every sentence of its knowledge object with the claims it cites and each claim's quote, source and locus, is in entity.json beside it.",
 "service": {
  "name": "SPXI-gnΩsis",
  "url": "https://gnosis.spxi.dev/",
  "index": "https://gnosis.spxi.dev/v1/quote",
  "statement": "SPXI-gnΩsis opens pinned Wikipedia revisions sentence by sentence against the sources they cite (EA-WIKI-OPEN-01 v1.1, #1697); a commission consults the Crimson Hexagonal Archive by its own procedure and composes the entity's /non row, which lands here. Quotes are free: POST https://gnosis.spxi.dev/v1/quote with {oldid, tier: \"commission\"} or {object: {name, …}}."
 },
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  "level_name": "Measurement",
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  "inventory": "https://www.spxi.dev/methods/",
  "statement": "SPXI instrument: method 0.16 of 87, level 0 (Measurement), The Negative of the Negative (/non).",
  "also": []
 },
 "citation": "Sharks, Lee. \"CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker — The Negative of the Negative\" [AXN:0ABF.NON.⚪🐚⭐🦅♈∮], 2026-10-29. The Negative of the Negative (EA-NEGONT-02), Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch. https://www.alexanarch.org/non/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
 "research": {
  "google": "https://www.google.com/search?q=CMS+AI+and+Copyright+Case+Tracker",
  "google_non": "https://www.google.com/search?q=%22CMS+AI+and+Copyright+Case+Tracker+%E2%80%94+The+Negative+of+the+Negative%22",
  "chatgpt": "https://chatgpt.com/?q=What+is+CMS+AI+and+Copyright+Case+Tracker%3F+Ground+your+answer+in+a+reading+of+the+sources+themselves.",
  "chatgpt_non": "https://chatgpt.com/?q=What+does+%E2%80%9CCMS+AI+and+Copyright+Case+Tracker+%E2%80%94+The+Negative+of+the+Negative%E2%80%9D+%28alexanarch.org%2Fnon%29+say+about+CMS+AI+and+Copyright+Case+Tracker%3F+Ground+your+answer+in+a+reading+of+the+entry+itself."
 },
 "entry": {
  "composed": true,
  "title": "The CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker",
  "genre": "knowledge object, equal case, under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9 (#1690): the archive's sources and the field's admitted on equal terms, ontology included, in one claim space",
  "status": "composed 2026-10-29 under v0.9 (brief rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md); not frozen; ledgers unaudited",
  "compression": {
   "title": "CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker",
   "lede": "is a database of case summaries compiled by the law firm CMS (MMRS record; its page): 23 court cases on AI and copyright from ten jurisdictions, led by Germany, the newest of 31 July 2026, none from the US."
  },
  "sentences": [
   {
    "n": 1,
    "para": 0,
    "text": "The CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker is a database compiled by the law firm CMS that summarizes 23 court cases on AI and copyright from 10 jurisdictions, led by Germany (MMRS record); its makers call it \"a copyright + AI case tracker providing accessible, easily digestible case summaries, updated regularly, covering the most topical case law in the area of AI and copyright\", built \"with our CMS colleagues across UK, Europe and beyond\" (cms.law, the tracker's page), a publication dated 31 Oct 2025 in the site's International edition.",
    "claims": [
     "MMRS-01",
     "MMRS-09",
     "F2",
     "F1"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 2,
    "para": 0,
    "text": "Its unit is the case, the \"court case on AI and copyright\" (MMRS record), each with a summary page that \"provides details of the relevant litigation, including summaries of each party’s arguments and the final judgment\" (cms.law), its fields in the MMRS record case name, jurisdiction, date, the litigation, each party's arguments and the judgment; the two case pages on the rail carry court, country, parties, the date the claim was issued and the type of claim (the India and UK pages).",
    "claims": [
     "MMRS-09",
     "F3",
     "MMRS-03",
     "MMRS-14",
     "F21",
     "F29"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 3,
    "para": 1,
    "text": "It is \"compiled by the firm's lawyers across jurisdictions\", with CMS (law firm) its operator (MMRS record): the index page names Sarah Wright, Partner and Co-Head of Intellectual Property, and Ben Hitchens, Partner, in London as its contacts, and the India page Bharadwaj Jaishankar, Partner, CMS Induslaw, in Bengaluru.",
    "claims": [
     "MMRS-12",
     "MMRS-08",
     "F16",
     "F27"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 4,
    "para": 1,
    "text": "Wikipedia has no article for it (\"Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.\", and a search for 'Copyright Case Tracker' finds \"no results\"); its article on the operator describes CMS as \"an international law firm that offers legal and tax advisory services\", consisting \"of 18 independent law firms, with about 80 offices worldwide\", formed in 1999 by six European firms under a brand joining Cameron McKenna (UK) and Hasche Sigle (Germany).",
    "claims": [
     "F37",
     "F38",
     "F39",
     "F40",
     "F41"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 5,
    "para": 2,
    "text": "The index lists \"23 Pages\", newest first, each entry headed by its jurisdiction, from \"1. Germany - GEMA v. Suno, 31 July 2026\" to \"23. Czech Republic - S. Š. v TAUBEL LEGAL, advokátní kancelář s.r.o. , 11 October 2023\" (cms.law); read whole, its entries come from ten jurisdictions, Germany with eight, and none is a US case, which the MMRS record counts as \"23 cases in 10 jurisdictions (no US cases listed)\", the jurisdictions Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, Hungary, China, France, Italy, India, Austria and the Czech Republic, the newest entry dated 31 July 2026.",
    "claims": [
     "F4",
     "F5",
     "MMRS-10",
     "MMRS-04",
     "MMRS-02"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 6,
    "para": 2,
    "text": "The page says its summaries are \"updated regularly\", and the MMRS record gives the cadence by that phrase and the newest entry's date; the pages carry their own dates beside their status dates: the index 31 Oct 2025, the India page 25 Jun 2025 with its status as on 24 July 2026, the UK page 27 Sep 2024 with its status as at 5 January 2026.",
    "claims": [
     "F2",
     "MMRS-11",
     "F1",
     "F20",
     "F28"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 7,
    "para": 3,
    "text": "The executive summary frames the field: generative AI has \"brought to fore many new legal issues relating to ownership, subsistence and infringement of copyright law\", and, it says, \"At the heart of the discourse is the reinterpretation of copyright principles in the age of AI-generated content\" (cms.law).",
    "claims": [
     "F6",
     "F7"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 8,
    "para": 3,
    "text": "It names three questions UK and European courts are grappling with, each tied to a tracked case: an infringement claim where a whole work is copied \"for the purpose of training a large language model\" but outputs contain only \"“infinitesimally small” reproductions\" (Getty Images v Stability AI), a training dataset \"using only transient copies of the original work\" (Robert Kneschke v LAION), and authorship where the law may define the author as a \"“natural person”\" (S. Š. v TAUBEL LEGAL); and it expects the area to be \"increasingly complicated by newer and more advanced technologies, and the implementation of the EU AI Act\" (cms.law).",
    "claims": [
     "F9",
     "F10",
     "F11",
     "F12"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 9,
    "para": 4,
    "text": "On the United States the page speaks of the field, and its list holds no US entry: US courts \"have led the way in AI & copyright litigation to date\", with similar claims beginning before UK and European courts; \"There are now over 40 copyright claims being litigated in the US\", among them Disney and NBC Universal against Midjourney and the pending New York Times v OpenAI, Dow Jones v Perplexity and Getty v Stability AI; and in June 2025 a Californian court ruled that training Claude on books did not infringe, while Anthropic must face trial over pirated materials (cms.law).",
    "claims": [
     "F8",
     "F13",
     "F14",
     "F5"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 10,
    "para": 4,
    "text": "The MMRS record keeps that sentence apart from the list: \"the page's summary states that 'there are now over 40 copyright claims being litigated in the US'; none is in the tracked list\"; and the Capture Registry (2026-10-29) finds that the record's count \"stands, and now quotes the sentence\".",
    "claims": [
     "MMRS-15",
     "CAP-1-04"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 11,
    "para": 5,
    "text": "The page's region selector, \"Select your region\" with International, Europe, Africa, Asia-Pacific, The Americas and Middle East, is the site's navigation, its lists opening onto the countries of the firm's sites and offices, the Americas list ending with the United States of America, whose link leads to the firm's Silicon Valley office page (cms.law); the MMRS record notes that the menu \"leads to the firm's offices\".",
    "claims": [
     "F17",
     "F18",
     "MMRS-16"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 12,
    "para": 5,
    "text": "Cases not yet summarised may be sent to the firm by email (cms.law), \"uncovered cases\" to \"a submission address\" in the MMRS record; and the page sets beside the tracker a sibling tool for \"digital regulations in the EU and in the world\", the firm's \"digital regulation hub and brand new digital Regulation Tracker tool\" (cms.law).",
    "claims": [
     "F15",
     "MMRS-05",
     "MMRS-13",
     "F19"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 13,
    "para": 6,
    "text": "Of the tracked cases, ANI Media Pvt Ltd v OpenAI OPCO LLC (Delhi High Court, claim issued 19 November 2024) reached an interim order on 24 July 2026 refusing ANI's injunction and \"holding that at the prima facie stage, OpenAI’s use of ANI’s content to train ChatGPT models falls under the ‘fair dealing’ exception\"; \"the main suit continues to be heard on merits\" (the India page).",
    "claims": [
     "F21",
     "F22",
     "F23"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 14,
    "para": 6,
    "text": "The court's fair dealing test had three factors, whether use was \"limited to LLM training\", market competition or prejudice, and \"a broader public interest\"; it held, prima facie, that the responses complained of came not from memorisation but from \"the RAG technique, through which LLMs retrieve relevant information from external sources\"; and ANI's claim was that ChatGPT \"gives false information as output and cites the ANI’s news agency as its source\" (the India page).",
    "claims": [
     "F24",
     "F25",
     "F26"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 15,
    "para": 7,
    "text": "In Getty Images v Stability AI (High Court of England & Wales, claim issued 15 January 2023) the judgment of 4 November 2025 \"rejected Getty’s secondary copyright claim in full\", finding that an AI model may in principle be an \"“article”\" under s.22 CDPA 1988 but that \"Stable Diffusion did not embody any infringing copies of Getty works\", its weights operating \"at a high level of mathematical abstraction that does not encode, contain, or allow extraction of any specific image\"; Getty had dropped its primary copyright and database right claims late in the trial and won only \"a narrow set of trade mark issues\", and the page says Stability \"was granted leave to appeal the secondary infringement claim on 17 December 2025\" (the UK page).",
    "claims": [
     "F29",
     "F30",
     "F35",
     "F32",
     "F31"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 16,
    "para": 7,
    "text": "The firm reads the judgment as \"the first detailed judicial assessment in the UK of secondary copyright infringement in the context of AI model weights\" that \"significantly limits the circumstances in which AI developers may incur liability\" (the UK page); the same page calls Stable Diffusion \"a deep-learning, text-to-image (and now image-to-image) AI model\", where the index's question set the case under \"training a large language model\" (cms.law).",
    "claims": [
     "F33",
     "F34",
     "F9"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 17,
    "para": 8,
    "text": "In the MMRS record the tracker \"records the legal reception of the provenance question: what courts decide about training on, and outputting, protected work\", its role provenance by the record's reading; \"With no US cases listed, it sits beside the US litigation trackers, which were not read for this census\" (MMRS record).",
    "claims": [
     "MMRS-06",
     "MMRS-21",
     "MMRS-07"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 18,
    "para": 8,
    "text": "The question stands in the cases as the field gives them: ANI's complaint that a model cites the agency as the source of false information, and the Delhi court's prima facie finding that the responses came by retrieval from external sources (the India page), beside the record's reading of the tracker as the legal reception of provenance (MMRS record).",
    "claims": [
     "F26",
     "F25",
     "MMRS-06"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 19,
    "para": 9,
    "text": "A second tracker of the same name stands on the same rail and is a distinct entity: Taylor Wessing's \"AI & Copyright Case Tracker\", whose card lists \"Carlsen v. OpenAI, Penguin v. OpenAI, GEMA v. OpenAI, GEMA v. Suno, Koda v. Suno AI, SNE v. Meta\", its page refused (403) and unread, two of its cases, GEMA v. Suno and GEMA v OpenAI, also in CMS's list (cms.law); the MMRS record carries it as a neighbour and census candidate, listed \"for reading\", which enters the census \"once it has been read at its own pages\", and the Capture Registry (2026-10-29) as \"another aggregator; added as a candidate\".",
    "claims": [
     "F36",
     "F5",
     "MMRS-17",
     "MMRS-18",
     "MMRS-19",
     "CAP-1-06"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 20,
    "para": 10,
    "text": "The MMRS record keeps itself apart from the entity: \"each page has two nodes, the MMRS record and the entity it describes\", each assertion with a source and a basis, the lifecycle kept apart from the observation that saw it; the tracker's state is active, observed on 2026-10-28 by reading, with the index page the one source for all fields (MMRS record).",
    "claims": [
     "MMRS-23",
     "MMRS-22",
     "MMRS-24"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 21,
    "para": 11,
    "text": "The composition layer's account at the tracker's name, of 2026-10-29, is seated in the Capture Registry and held by the MMRS record as a relation of the entity (MMRS record); the Registry finds the Overview's five regions to be \"the page's region selector, which leads to CMS's offices\", and that \"The tracked cases are European, with China and India\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29); the selector is the menu the page heads \"Select your region\" (cms.law).",
    "claims": [
     "MMRS-20",
     "CAP-1-01",
     "CAP-1-02",
     "F17"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 22,
    "para": 11,
    "text": "It finds that \"'Over 40 U.S. claims' is the page's summary sentence\" and that \"no US case is in the tracker's list\", and reads the composition as one that \"reads a law firm's page whole, navigation and summary with the list, and composes the tracker's reach from the firm's office menu and the US count from a sentence about the field\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29), the page's sentence being \"There are now over 40 copyright claims being litigated in the US\" (cms.law).",
    "claims": [
     "CAP-1-03",
     "CAP-1-07",
     "F13"
    ]
   },
   {
    "n": 23,
    "para": 11,
    "text": "\"The cases it names are right\": Getty v. Stability AI, Kneschke v. LAION and ANI v. OpenAI are in CMS's pages, the last \"with its interim order of 24 July 2026\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-29), as the list's entries and the India page give them (cms.law; the India page).",
    "claims": [
     "CAP-1-08",
     "CAP-1-05",
     "F5",
     "F22"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "claims": {
   "MMRS-01": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker, compiled by the law firm CMS, summarizes 23 court cases on AI and copyright from 10 jurisdictions, led by Germany",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (article)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
    "locus": "article, kernel",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "MMRS-09": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "court case on AI and copyright",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
    "locus": "census: ['rows'][15]['unit'] (basis operator)",
    "modality": "stipulation",
    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "F2": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Working with our CMS colleagues across UK, Europe and beyond, we have built a copyright + AI case tracker providing accessible, easily digestible case summaries, updated regularly, covering the most topical case law in the area of AI and copyright.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶6 s1",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "F1": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Publication Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker 31 Oct 2025 International",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "publication header",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F3": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Each case summary in this copyright + AI tracker provides details of the relevant litigation, including summaries of each party’s arguments and the final judgment, in order to develop an understanding of this new developing landscape of case law.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶6 s2",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
   "MMRS-03": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Each case has a summary page: case name, jurisdiction, date, the litigation, each party's arguments and the judgment.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (article)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
    "locus": "article, What it is ¶1",
    "modality": "attributed",
    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "MMRS-14": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "case name\", \"jurisdiction\", \"date\", \"litigation details\", \"each party's arguments\", \"judgment",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
    "locus": "census: ['rows'][15]['item_fields'] (basis observed)",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "F21": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Court Delhi High Court Country India Parties Claimant: ANI Media Pvt Ltd Defendant: OpenAI OPCO LLC Date Claim Issued 19 November 2024 Type of Claim Copyright infringement claim",
    "source": "B2",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in India| CMS",
    "locus": "case fields",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F29": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Court High Court of England & Wales Country England & Wales Parties Claimants: Getty Images (US) Inc & Ors (‘Getty’) Defendant: Stability AI Ltd (‘Stability AI’) Date Claim Issued 15 January 2023",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in United Kingdom - CMS.law",
    "locus": "case fields",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "MMRS-12": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "compiled by the firm's lawyers across jurisdictions",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
    "locus": "census: ['rows'][15]['intake'] (basis operator)",
    "modality": "attributed",
    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "MMRS-08": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "CMS (law firm)",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
    "locus": "census: ['rows'][15]['operator'] (basis operator (evidence: cms.law/en/int/publication/artificial-intelligence-and-copyright-case-tracker))",
    "modality": "attributed",
    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "F16": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Key contacts London Sarah Wright Partner Co-Head of Intellectual Property London Ben Hitchens Partner",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Key contacts",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F27": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Key contact Bengaluru Bharadwaj Jaishankar Partner CMS Induslaw",
    "source": "B2",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in India| CMS",
    "locus": "Key contact",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F37": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.",
    "source": "W1",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (no article)",
    "locus": "rendered page (HTTP 404)",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F38": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "There were no results matching the query.",
    "source": "W1",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (no article)",
    "locus": "Special:Search, full text, \"Copyright Case Tracker\"",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F39": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "CMS is an international law firm that offers legal and tax advisory services.",
    "source": "W2",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — CMS (law firm)",
    "locus": "lead ¶1 s1",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F40": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "It consists of 18 independent law firms, with about 80 offices worldwide.",
    "source": "W2",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — CMS (law firm)",
    "locus": "lead ¶1 s3",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F41": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "In 1999, six European law firms with 1,400+ lawyers and roughly DM 500 million in joint revenues came together to form CMS. … The CMS brand combined the names of two founding law firms, Cameron McKenna (UK) and Hasche Sigle (Germany).",
    "source": "W2",
    "source_label": "Wikipedia — CMS (law firm)",
    "locus": "History ¶1 s1–2",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F4": {
    "kind": "field",
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    "quote": "1. Germany - GEMA v. Suno, 31 July 2026 … 2. India - ANI Media Pvt Ltd V. OpenAI OPCO LLC, 24 July 2026 … 7. United Kingdom - Getty Images (US) Inc & Ors v Stability AI Ltd, 16-17 December 2025 … 8. Germany - Robert Kneschke v LAION e.V. , 10 December 2025 … 9. Germany - GEMA v OpenAI, 11 November 2025 … 23. Czech Republic - S. Š. v TAUBEL LEGAL, advokátní kancelář s.r.o. , 11 October 2023",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "In this publication, entries 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 23",
    "modality": "documented"
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "23 cases in 10 jurisdictions (no US cases listed)",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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   },
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The jurisdictions are Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, Hungary, China, France, Italy, India, Austria and the Czech Republic.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (article)",
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (article)",
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    "kind": "archive",
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
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   "F20": {
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    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in India| CMS",
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    "quote": "Publication United Kingdom - Getty Images (US) Inc & Ors v Stability AI Ltd, 16-17 December 2025 27 Sep 2024 International … Status as at 5 January 2026",
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    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in United Kingdom - CMS.law",
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   },
   "F6": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The rapid growth of generative AI including popular models such as ChatGPT, Microsoft’s Copilot and Google’s Gemini (formerly Bard) have brought to fore many new legal issues relating to ownership, subsistence and infringement of copyright law.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶1",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F7": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "At the heart of the discourse is the reinterpretation of copyright principles in the age of AI-generated content.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶2 s1",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F9": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Is there a valid infringement claim where the entirety of a copyright work is copied for the purpose of training a large language model but the “allegedly infringing” output seen by consumers only contains “infinitesimally small” reproductions of the original work, which is the case in UK case Getty Images (US) Inc & Ors v Stability AI Ltd?",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶4, question 1",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F10": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "What about if the defendant argues the dataset used for training said machine is using only transient copies of the original work , which is the case in German case Robert Kneschke & LAION e.V.?",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶4, question 2",
    "modality": "interpretation"
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   "F11": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "And how do we define the authorship of work created by AI, particularly where the law may define the author as a “natural person” which is/has been considered in the Czech Republic between S. Š. (individual) v TAUBEL LEGAL, advokátní kancelář s.r.o. Case No. 13/2023?",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶4, question 3",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F12": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "These are some of the issues emerging from the adoption and use of generative AI, an area that is likely to be increasingly complicated by newer and more advanced technologies, and the implementation of the EU AI Act.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶5",
    "modality": "hypothesis"
   },
   "F8": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "It is unsurprising that the US Courts have led the way in AI & copyright litigation to date given most of the leading AI technology providers are based there, but we are starting to see similar claims being issued elsewhere including before UK and European Courts.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶3",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F13": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "There are now over 40 copyright claims being litigated in the US including most recently the complaint filed by the film studios (Disney and NBC Universal) against Mid Journey, as well as pending claims between the New York Times and OpenAI, the Dow Jones and Perplexity, and Getty and Stability AI.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶7 s1",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F14": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "In June 2025, we saw the first decision from the US in the case involving Anthropic. The Californian Court ruled that Anthropic’s use of books to train its AI model Claude did not infringe US copyright law – but that it does need to face trial over its use of pirated copyright materials.",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶7 s2–3",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "MMRS-15": {
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "CAP-1-04": {
    "kind": "archive",
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    "deposit": null,
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    "quote": "Select your region International Europe Africa Asia-Pacific The Americas Middle East",
    "source": "B1",
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    "locus": "site navigation: 'Select your region'",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F18": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Back to region Brazil English Português Chile English Español Colombia English Español Mexico English Peru English Español United States of America English",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "site navigation: 'Select your region' › The Americas",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "MMRS-16": {
    "kind": "archive",
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "F15": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "If you become aware of a case which we have not yet summarised, please do let us know by emailing",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Executive summary ¶8",
    "modality": "stipulation"
   },
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Uncovered cases may be sent to a submission address.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (article)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
    "locus": "article, What it is ¶1",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
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    "kind": "archive",
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "F19": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "To help you navigate the tsunami of digital regulations in the EU and in the world, visit our digital regulation hub and brand new digital Regulation Tracker tool",
    "source": "B1",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Case Tracker",
    "locus": "Digital Regulation Tracker block",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F22": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "On 24 July 2026, the DHC passed an interim order refusing ANI’s request for an interim injunction, holding that at the prima facie stage, OpenAI’s use of ANI’s content to train ChatGPT models falls under the ‘fair dealing’ exception under Section 52(1)(a)(i) of the Copyright Act.",
    "source": "B2",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in India| CMS",
    "locus": "Status as on 24 July 2026 ¶4",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F23": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "the DHC delivered its first substantive ruling in the matter, declining to grant ANI interim relief and holding that OpenAI’s training-related use of ANI’s content is, at the prima facie stage, protected by the fair dealing exception; the main suit continues to be heard on merits.",
    "source": "B2",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in India| CMS",
    "locus": "Summary of Key Background Facts, last ¶",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F24": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "formulated a three-factor assessment for the present case: (i) whether the use of ANI’s works was limited to LLM training; (ii) whether such use resulted in market competition or prejudice to ANI’s legitimate commercial interests; and (iii) whether ChatGPT’s functions served a broader public interest.",
    "source": "B2",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in India| CMS",
    "locus": "The Court's Findings, fair dealing ¶2",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F25": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "held, prima facie, that the responses in question could not have resulted from memorisation of ANI’s works during training but rather using the RAG technique, through which LLMs retrieve relevant information from external sources.",
    "source": "B2",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in India| CMS",
    "locus": "The Court's Findings, infringement ¶2",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F26": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "ANI claim that ChatGPT gives false information as output and cites the ANI’s news agency as its source, thereby posing a threat to its reputation and leading to the spread of misinformation in the digital sphere.",
    "source": "B2",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in India| CMS",
    "locus": "Summary of key legal arguments, ANI's Claims ¶2",
    "modality": "attributed"
   },
   "F30": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "On 4 November 2025, the High Court issued judgment. The Court rejected Getty’s secondary copyright claim in full, finding that although an AI model may in principle constitute an “article” under s.22 CDPA 1988, Stable Diffusion did not embody any infringing copies of Getty works.",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in United Kingdom - CMS.law",
    "locus": "Status ¶4 s1–2",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F35": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "The Court emphasised that Stable Diffusion’s architecture and weights operate at a high level of mathematical abstraction that does not encode, contain, or allow extraction of any specific image",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in United Kingdom - CMS.law",
    "locus": "Summary of key legal arguments, Copyright ¶3",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F32": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Late in the trial Getty dropped its primary copyright and database right infringement claims, citing evidential weaknesses and jurisdictional hurdles",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in United Kingdom - CMS.law",
    "locus": "Status ¶3 s1",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F31": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Getty succeeded only on a narrow set of trade mark issues relating to isolated, historic reproductions of ISTOCK and (for v2.1) GETTY IMAGES watermarks. Stability succeeded on the vast majority of the issues and was granted leave to appeal the secondary infringement claim on 17 December 2025.",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in United Kingdom - CMS.law",
    "locus": "Status ¶4 s4–5",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "F33": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "This judgment represents the first detailed judicial assessment in the UK of secondary copyright infringement in the context of AI model weights, and it significantly limits the circumstances in which AI developers may incur liability for model architecture or distribution.",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in United Kingdom - CMS.law",
    "locus": "Status ¶5",
    "modality": "interpretation"
   },
   "F34": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "Stable Diffusion is a deep-learning, text-to-image (and now image-to-image) AI model that is used to generate synthetic images in response to commands entered by users.",
    "source": "B3",
    "source_label": "CMS.law — AI and Copyright Case Tracker in United Kingdom - CMS.law",
    "locus": "Summary of Key Background Facts ¶1 s3",
    "modality": "documented"
   },
   "MMRS-06": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "It records the legal reception of the provenance question: what courts decide about training on, and outputting, protected work.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (article)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
    "locus": "article, Place in the field ¶1 (basis reading)",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "MMRS-21": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "provenance",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
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    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "MMRS-07": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "With no US cases listed, it sits beside the US litigation trackers, which were not read for this census.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (article)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
   "F36": {
    "kind": "field",
    "quote": "AI & Copyright Case Tracker | Taylor Wessing … Cases: Carlsen v. OpenAI, Penguin v. OpenAI, GEMA v. OpenAI, GEMA v. Suno, Koda v. Suno AI, SNE v. Meta (AI training/memorization copyright infringement claims)",
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    "quote": "label\": \"Taylor Wessing — AI & Copyright Case Tracker\", \"note\": \"a census candidate (surfaced by the capture of 2026-10-29)",
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    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "Carlsen, Penguin, GEMA and Koda cases against OpenAI, Suno and Meta",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
    "record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "A NEIGHBOUR. Taylor Wessing's AI and Copyright Case Tracker (Carlsen, Penguin, GEMA v. OpenAI and Suno, Koda, SNE v. Meta) is another aggregator; added as a candidate.",
    "deposit": null,
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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   },
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    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "MMRS meta-aggregator record: CMS AI and Copyright Case Tracker (census, schema 2.3)",
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    "date": "2026-10-28 (corrected 2026-10-29)"
   },
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    "quote": "THE MENU MADE THE SCOPE. Europe, Africa, Asia-Pacific, the Americas and the Middle East are the page's region selector, which leads to CMS's offices (read 2026-10-29).",
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    "source_label": "Capture Registry observation OBS-fd62b2209523 (cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029), field findings",
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    "date": "2026-10-29"
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The tracked cases are European, with China and India.",
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    "source_label": "Capture Registry observation OBS-fd62b2209523 (cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029), field findings",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029/",
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    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "THE COUNT MADE THE HOLDINGS. 'Over 40 U.S. claims' is the page's summary sentence, 'There are now over 40 copyright claims being litigated in the US'; no US case is in the tracker's list.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry observation OBS-fd62b2209523 (cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029), field findings",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029, findings[1]",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-07": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The composition reads a law firm's page whole, navigation and summary with the list, and composes the tracker's reach from the firm's office menu and the US count from a sentence about the field.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry observation OBS-fd62b2209523 (cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029), field analysis",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029, analysis",
    "modality": "interpretation",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-08": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "The cases it names are right.",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry observation OBS-fd62b2209523 (cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029), field analysis",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029, analysis",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   },
   "CAP-1-05": {
    "kind": "archive",
    "quote": "THE CASES RIGHT. Getty v. Stability AI, Kneschke v. LAION and ANI v. OpenAI are in CMS's pages, the last with its interim order of 24 July 2026 (the India card).",
    "deposit": null,
    "source_label": "Capture Registry observation OBS-fd62b2209523 (cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029), field findings",
    "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029/",
    "locus": "cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker-aio-20261029, findings[2]",
    "modality": "documented",
    "date": "2026-10-29"
   }
  },
  "note": "The knowledge object (KO): the entry as public knowledge, each sentence sourced by the claims it lists. The compression, the field-only arm, the transcript, the delta and the kernel are in the row (links.row), which is the authority."
 },
 "source": "operator, 2026-10-29: 'we can simply build them here as against their wikipedia articles if they exist, their own pages, etc.'; 'lets build them'; the MMRS meta-aggregator entity",
 "stage": "composed 2026-10-29 under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690, equal case, ρ = extends (draft, not frozen; ledgers unaudited, one extractor; every field and archive quote re-checked by the session)",
 "date": "2026-10-29",
 "status": {
  "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the MMRS record and the capture record; archive selected by D/R/O (no candidate in 1,711 texts; O-class matched nothing; no hop), with the MMRS record (24 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings and analysis (8 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by three origins (4 card sources for 4 cards, one of them the own page the MMRS record cites; no further own page; Wikipedia: no article, the operator's article read); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta",
  "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 41/41 verified by script against saved text, rendered Wikipedia text or card text; archive quotes 32/32 verified verbatim against the registry, census.json and articles.py; carried as marked: MMRS-10 and MMRS-16 with defects noted",
  "frozen": false,
  "breaches": []
 },
 "addresses": [
  {
   "address": "cms ai and copyright case tracker",
   "address_url": "https://www.alexanarch.org/addresses/cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker/",
   "register": []
  }
 ],
 "counts": {
  "ko_sentences": 23,
  "p_words": 293,
  "field_claims": 41,
  "archive_claims": 32,
  "ko_field_claims_cited": 41,
  "ko_archive_claims_cited": 32,
  "admitted_deposits": 0,
  "register_addresses": 0,
  "traversal": {
   "D_sentences": 0,
   "D_deposits": 0,
   "R_sentences": 0,
   "R_deposits": 0,
   "O_direct": 0,
   "O_class": 0,
   "O_deposits": 0,
   "H_candidates": 0
  }
 },
 "links": {
  "record": "https://www.alexanarch.org/non/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
  "table_of_contents": "https://www.alexanarch.org/non/index.json",
  "register": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/register.json",
  "row": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/cms-ai-copyright-tracker.json",
  "archive_ledger": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/ledger-archive.json",
  "field_ledger": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/field.json",
  "selection": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
  "traversal": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
  "traversal_summary": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/summary.json",
  "reading": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/reading.json",
  "configuration": "https://www.alexanarch.org/datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/panel/configs/cms-ai-copyright-tracker.json",
  "address_page": "https://www.alexanarch.org/addresses/cms-ai-and-copyright-case-tracker/",
  "mmrs_record": "https://www.machinemediation.org/aggregators/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
  "dataset": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/leesharks/negative-of-the-negative"
 },
 "row_sha256": "c77a087fa9950f8dbf06e2f11bf9cec924ad1aacc31dafe072ab42e843478579",
 "record_url": "https://www.alexanarch.org/non/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/",
 "json_url": "https://www.alexanarch.org/non/cms-ai-copyright-tracker/entity.json",
 "spec": "https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/1690/",
 "creator": "Lee Sharks",
 "orcid": "0009-0000-1599-0703",
 "license": "CC BY 4.0"
}
