{ "row": "gnad", "entity": "gnad", "address": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "addresses": [ { "address": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "slug": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031", "addr_id": "ADDR-19350d754391", "obs_id": "OBS-40ab38014d36", "axn": "AXN:0B5E.CAPTURE.🕑🌃🟢🌊♻️🔜" } ], "epoch": "2026-10-31", "type": "C (public entity on which the archive bears: a database of case studies of nonviolent action campaigns; an entity of the maryleelabor left-and-labor census, area labor action)", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "status": { "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the maryleelabor census record, the capture record and the deposits that bear on the entity's classes (#1725, #1438, #1668); archive selected by D/R/O (no D or R candidate: no archive text names the entity; 3 deposits admitted by reading at O-class, with 1 instance grouped; hop of 60 read and rejected), with the maryleelabor census record (28 claims) and the Capture Registry's findings, reading, analysis, headline, PER note and basis and query note (10 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by two origins (6 cards, 1 of them unreachable, card 1 the census's own page; Wikipedia, a redirect to George Lakey); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta", "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 48/48 verified by script against saved text or the card's snippet; archive quotes 45/45 verified against the registry, census.json and the deposit texts", "frozen": false, "breaches": [] }, "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690", "objects": { "T": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/T1-global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031.txt", "sha256": "fd6a60e8357ce8c0e1b25ddd09ccc6489c8896d284a1b3ff4518c2b4876635df", "words": 165, "cards": 6, "words_note": "one transcript at one address (165 words in the answer body with its heading 'Key Features', links reduced to their text, markers, the paste note and the card rail excluded; the closing offer, 18 words, excluded and recorded as T1-7; 6 cards)", "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'is a free online project hosted by Swarthmore College that catalogues more than 1,200 nonviolent campaign case studies from over 100 countries.' (two markers)", "T1-2 scope and timeline: 'Features historical and modern campaigns spanning over 400 years, with some records dating as far back as ancient Egypt and the 12th century BCE.' (three markers)", "T1-3 core issues: 'Organizes cases into major clusters including human rights, democracy, environmental sustainability, economic justice, national and ethnic identity, and peace.' (one marker)", "T1-4 campaign waves: 'Tracks specific historical movements like the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, the South Africa Apartheid divestment, the Soviet Bloc independence struggles, color revolutions, and fossil fuel divestment.' (one marker)", "T1-5 search and mapping: 'Allows users to filter narratives and database files by country, issue, tactic, year, and an interactive global map.' (two markers)", "T1-6 partnership and origin: 'Founded in 2011, the project is a collaboration involving Swarthmore’s Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility, with substantial research contributions from student seminars.' (three markers)", "T1-7 closing offer: 'Would you like help searching the database for a specific region, time period, or type of nonviolent tactic?' (no marker)" ], "register": { "register": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json", "slug": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031", "obs_id": "OBS-40ab38014d36" }, "transcripts": [ { "slug": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031", "address": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "addr_id": "ADDR-19350d754391", "obs_id": "OBS-40ab38014d36", "axn": "AXN:0B5E.CAPTURE.🕑🌃🟢🌊♻️🔜", "date": "2026-10-31", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "sha256": "fd6a60e8357ce8c0e1b25ddd09ccc6489c8896d284a1b3ff4518c2b4876635df", "sha256_of": "the registry's 'transcript' string (utf-8)", "sha256_raw": "9abbbb54edb5c7d384c9de942121cd6e2ddae0f94da9add629e004e6b36ddd3d", "words": 165, "cards": 6, "card_rail": [ "1. Global Nonviolent Action Database — Global Nonviolent Action Database: Home", "2. Global Nonviolent Action Database — Nonviolent Action Case Map | Global Nonviolent Action Database", "3. www.nonviolent-conflict.org — Swarthmore College's Global Nonviolent Action Database | CNCR", "4. Discuss Data — Global Nonviolent Action Database - Discuss Data", "5. Policy Commons — GNAD: Global Nonviolent Action Database - Policy Commons", "6. Swarthmore College — Global Nonviolent Action Database - Peace & Conflict Studies Blog" ], "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'is a free online project hosted by Swarthmore College that catalogues more than 1,200 nonviolent campaign case studies from over 100 countries.' (two markers)", "T1-2 scope and timeline: 'Features historical and modern campaigns spanning over 400 years, with some records dating as far back as ancient Egypt and the 12th century BCE.' (three markers)", "T1-3 core issues: 'Organizes cases into major clusters including human rights, democracy, environmental sustainability, economic justice, national and ethnic identity, and peace.' (one marker)", "T1-4 campaign waves: 'Tracks specific historical movements like the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, the South Africa Apartheid divestment, the Soviet Bloc independence struggles, color revolutions, and fossil fuel divestment.' (one marker)", "T1-5 search and mapping: 'Allows users to filter narratives and database files by country, issue, tactic, year, and an interactive global map.' (two markers)", "T1-6 partnership and origin: 'Founded in 2011, the project is a collaboration involving Swarthmore’s Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility, with substantial research contributions from student seminars.' (three markers)", "T1-7 closing offer: 'Would you like help searching the database for a specific region, time period, or type of nonviolent tactic?' (no marker)" ], "markers": 12, "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/T1-global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031.txt", "surface_note": "the registry's surface is 'Google AI Overview', on the operator's default of 2026-10-01; the paste headed 'AI Mode Conversation' is the Overview expanded (operator, 2026-10-18)" } ] }, "KO": { "title": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "genre": "knowledge object, equal case, under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9 (#1690): the archive's sources and the field's admitted on equal terms, ontology included, in one claim space", "status": "composed 2026-10-31 under v0.9 on the operator's ruling ('as against their wikipedia articles if they exist, their own pages, etc.'); not frozen; ledgers unaudited", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "The Global Nonviolent Action Database, known as GNAD, is a \"database of case studies of nonviolent action campaigns, browsable by case, tag, method and map\" (maryleelabor record), which its home page calls \"a project of Swarthmore College, including the Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility\", under the line \"Powering Learning about Nonviolent Action\" (home page).", "claims": [ "ML-01", "ML-03", "F2", "ML-02", "F1" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "CNCR describes it as \"A database of over 1000 summaries of nonviolent campaigns worldwide\", the Swarthmore Peace & Conflict Studies blog as one that \"presents cases of nonviolent civil resistance from around the world, spanning decades and even hundreds of years\", the Discuss Data review as reporting \"on cases of nonviolent protest actions taken across the globe\", and the Policy Commons card as providing \"access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action\" (CNCR; the blog; Discuss Data review, 2025; Policy Commons card).", "claims": [ "F16", "F39", "F28", "F37" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 0, "sense": "what the record asks", "text": "The maryleelabor census, anchored on #1725, asks of it \"Whose record does it keep, who holds it, and does it keep the losing side in a form that could be taken up later?\", and enters it under labor action with \"case record\" as its kind of evidence (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "ML-26", "ML-27", "ML-04", "ML-05" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 1, "sense": "the unit", "text": "Its unit is the campaign: the home page's menu carries a page titled \"Campaigns, Not Movements\", and CNCR states the rule, \"the case studies included are indeed, campaigns, and not movements. For example, “the civil rights movement” is not included, but the Montgomery Bus Boycott is a case\", which CNCR's card gives as \"excluding broad moveme...\" and the census records as \"a case: a nonviolent action campaign (a menu page is titled 'Campaigns, Not Movements'), linked to the methods it used\" (home page; CNCR; maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F48", "ML-06" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "sense": "the case", "text": "Each case \"is presented in two formats: the database file (with searchable fields) and the narrative describing the struggle as an unfolding story\" (CNCR), beside \"a more visual representation in the form of an interactive map\" (Discuss Data review), and the encyclopedia's account says it \"includes a narrative for each case\" (Wikipedia, George Lakey).", "claims": [ "F23", "F29", "F44" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 1, "sense": "waves of campaigns", "text": "Its case map has a \"Filter by Wave of Campaign\" running from \"Latin American Democracy Campaigns (1944)\" to \"Arab Awakening (2011)\", each case on the map carrying its \"Campaign Wave\" (case map), and \"by pressing each “wave” button one can find cases\" (CNCR).", "claims": [ "F12", "F13", "F15", "F25" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 1, "sense": "the case record", "text": "The archive reads \"the case as the unit that carries a campaign's course in prose, which an event count does not\", and the census keeps the database apart as \"NOT a database of movements: its unit is the campaign\" and \"NOT an event count\" (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "ML-18", "ML-23", "ML-24" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 1, "sense": "the case record", "text": "#1725 states what a case record shows that a measure of conflict does not: the charge that the left infights \"measures how much conflict there is\", and \"At the level of mechanics the case record tells a different story. Disagreement is constant. What varies is the ending, and the endings fall into a small number of forms\" (#1725).", "claims": [ "O1725-01", "O1725-02" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 1, "sense": "the case record", "text": "It states the case record's limit with it: \"no cross-organization dataset of left splits, or of minority positions later adopted, was found for any period\", and the pattern's \"frequency across the left as a whole is unmeasured\" (#1725); of this database the census writes that it does not answer \"the frequency of nonviolent action in any country or period (the cases are written up one by one)\" (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "O1725-03", "ML-17" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 2, "sense": "scale and coverage", "text": "Its home page counts \"1,200+ cases\", \"100+ countries\" and \"400+ years covered\", which the census, reading the home page on 31 October 2026, takes as its count, its coverage and its holdings (home page; maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F3", "ML-13", "ML-12", "ML-14" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 2, "sense": "scale and coverage", "text": "Other counts differ: the Discuss Data review gives \"1.300+ total entries\", \"40 events\" of them for Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus and Central Asia, the encyclopedia \"over 1,000 researched cases from nearly 200 countries\", and CNCR cases \"drawn from all continents and most countries\" (Discuss Data review, 2025; Wikipedia, George Lakey; CNCR).", "claims": [ "F32", "F43", "F20" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 2, "sense": "scale and coverage", "text": "Its range runs from \"a case from ancient Egypt, 12th century BCE\" (CNCR) to cases \"all the way up to 2019\" (Discuss Data review, citing Lakey 2011a).", "claims": [ "F24", "F28" ] }, { "n": 13, "para": 2, "sense": "completed campaigns", "text": "It researches \"campaigns that have reached a point of completion\" (CNCR, in the database's own first person), and the CNCR card calls its cases \"completed nonviolent campaign case studies\" (card snippet).", "claims": [ "F19", "F48" ] }, { "n": 14, "para": 2, "sense": "issue clusters", "text": "\"Each campaign is sorted in one (or several) issue “clusters”\", and the cases show people \"struggling for human rights, economic justice, democracy, national and ethnic identity, environmental sustainability, and peace\" (CNCR).", "claims": [ "F26", "F21" ] }, { "n": 15, "para": 3, "sense": "nonviolent action defined", "text": "Its definition of nonviolent action, as the Discuss Data review quotes Lakey (2011c), is \"[A] technique of struggle that goes beyond institutionalized conflict procedures like law courts and voting\", the study of \"the methods of protest, noncooperation, and intervention that typically heighten a conflict\", which \"is not located in the discourse of morality and ethics\" and focuses \"descriptively on what people do when they use this specific ‘technique of struggle.’\"", "claims": [ "F30", "F31" ] }, { "n": 16, "para": 3, "sense": "purposes", "text": "Its summaries are researched to \"provide free access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action for learning and for citizen action\" and to \"make available comparative information that will support researchers and writers to develop strategic knowledge and theory\" (CNCR).", "claims": [ "F18", "F22" ] }, { "n": 17, "para": 4, "sense": "origin and makers", "text": "It has been \"A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present\" (CNCR); Wikipedia has no article under its name, which redirects to George Lakey, an activist and sociologist \"who added academic underpinning to the concept of nonviolent revolution\", whose article lists it among his works as \"Developed by Lakey with Swarthmore College and other university students\" (Wikipedia, George Lakey).", "claims": [ "F27", "F42", "F46", "F45" ] }, { "n": 18, "para": 4, "sense": "origin and makers", "text": "Students write its cases: \"Seventy-six new cases have been added to the Global Nonviolent Action Database by students in the spring semester Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle course at Swarthmore College\" (the blog, 2015), a course that \"is a research seminar and writing course that contributes to the widely recognized Global Nonviolent Action Database\" (the blog, 2017).", "claims": [ "F38", "F40" ] }, { "n": 19, "para": 4, "sense": "origin and makers", "text": "Lakey's article cites the database's cases for campaigns he took part in, \"Puerto Ricans expel United States Navy from Culebra Island, 1970–1974\" and \"Earth Quaker Action Team Campaigns Against PNC Bank for Financing Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining 2010–2015\" among them (Wikipedia, George Lakey).", "claims": [ "F47" ] }, { "n": 20, "para": 5, "sense": "labor action", "text": "The census enters it under labor action, \"strikes, stoppages and protest events, counted and described\", tags it \"NOT a labor dataset: labor cases are one part of a database of nonviolent action of every kind\", and names among its featured cases \"a labor strike (Guatemalan workers at Lunafil)\" (maryleelabor record); the home page features \"Guatemalan workers at Lunafil strike\" and \"Macalester students stage sit-in to oppose sweatshop apparel, 2000\", and the case map's waves include the \"Student Anti-Sweatshop Labor Movement (1990s - 2010s)\" and the \"Student Living Wage Movement (late 1990s - mid 2000s)\" (home page; case map).", "claims": [ "ML-28", "ML-22", "ML-07", "F9", "F14" ] }, { "n": 21, "para": 5, "sense": "labor action", "text": "The archive defines its semantic strike against the class these labor cases belong to: in the \"Conventional work stoppage\" what stops is \"Production\", who acts is \"Workers against an employer\", the success condition is \"Concession from management\", and it ends when \"Demands met\" (#1438).", "claims": [ "O1438-01" ] }, { "n": 22, "para": 5, "sense": "labor action", "text": "It reads the general strike of the enslaved, through Du Bois, in its own terms of noun and verb: \"The general strike is the verb withdrawn from the noun's owner. The workers reorganized the topology themselves, by moving\", and \"The freedpeople's own general strike forced the opening; the settlement closed it toward contract and debt\" (#1668).", "claims": [ "O1668-01", "O1668-02" ] }, { "n": 23, "para": 6, "sense": "holder and terms", "text": "The home page licenses it \"under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license unless otherwise noted\", and the census records its holder as \"Swarthmore College; licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 unless otherwise noted; the public can suggest a case\", its license as stated, and what it keeps as \"the record of nonviolent campaigns, written up as cases\" (home page; maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F4", "ML-09", "ML-20", "ML-08" ] }, { "n": 24, "para": 6, "sense": "holder and terms", "text": "Its menu offers \"Browse Cases\", \"Browse Cases by Tags\", \"View Cases on Map\", \"Browse Methods\" and \"Suggest a Case\", and \"Registered users can login to the website\" (home page), which the census records as \"public browse and search of cases, tags, methods and map\" (maryleelabor record); the Discuss Data review adds that \"while the data is freely viewable on the website, it seems that the data is not available for download\".", "claims": [ "F8", "F10", "F5", "ML-19", "F34" ] }, { "n": 25, "para": 7, "sense": "what the record keeps", "text": "#1725 names the decisive variable in a record of disputes as \"what happens to the losing position after the decision\", whether the defeated critique kept \"an organ in which it could keep being stated, a holder with standing independent of the executive, and a route by which the majority could later adopt it\" (#1725).", "claims": [ "O1725-04" ] }, { "n": 26, "para": 7, "sense": "what the record keeps", "text": "For this database the census records the losing side as \"not recorded. A 'Limitations of the Database' page and coding definitions are listed and were not read; the saved pages do not show whether failed campaigns or splits inside campaigns are recorded\", its stated limits as that page, and its method as \"written case studies coded against definitions\" (maryleelabor record), the home page listing \"Limitations of the Database\", \"Coding Definitions\" and \"Who Made the Database?\" (home page).", "claims": [ "ML-10", "ML-15", "ML-11", "F7", "F11" ] }, { "n": 27, "para": 7, "sense": "what the record keeps", "text": "The Discuss Data review of Nathalie Rathkamp (version 1.0, \"published: May 8, 2025\") lists its methods of data collection as \"Desk Research\", \"Event Data\" and \"Text Coding\"; the census writes that its record settles \"how a named nonviolent campaign was conducted, as the case writes it up\" and leaves \"strikes or campaigns that have no case\" and \"the positions argued inside a campaign (not shown in the saved pages)\" unsettled (Discuss Data review; maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F36", "F35", "ML-16", "ML-17" ] }, { "n": 28, "para": 8, "sense": "lifecycle", "text": "The census records it \"active\": \"the site answered on 2026-10-31 and takes case suggestions; update dates are not recorded in the saved text\", and lists as unchecked \"the cases themselves\" and \"how many cases concern labor\" (maryleelabor record); the Discuss Data review wrote that \"As of summer 2024, it is not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing\", and the blog tags it on events such as \"Animating Resistance: Live Cinema Explorations of the Global Nonviolent Action Database\" (Discuss Data review; the blog).", "claims": [ "ML-21", "ML-25", "F33", "F41" ] }, { "n": 29, "para": 9, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "At its name, a new address (\"the census name; NEW address.\"), the Overview of 31 October 2026, signed out, gives \"its host, its scale, its clusters and how to search it\", and the Capture Registry reads it \"Faithful on host and scale\", with \"Swarthmore named; the database's pages among the cards\" and \"The database reached by name with its host, scope, clusters and tools\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-10" ] }, { "n": 30, "para": 9, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "The Capture Registry finds \"'400 YEARS' AND 'ANCIENT EGYPT' IN ONE SENTENCE\", the rule \"'Campaigns, Not Movements' reaches the composition only through a card snippet\", and that \"The database links a page of its own 'Limitations of the Database' and a Creative Commons license (BY-NC-ND 4.0); the composition carries neither\": the composition \"leaves out the database's own statement of its unit, limits and license\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-03" ] } ], "joins": [ { "act": "order of senses", "sentences": "1–30", "claims": [], "note": "equal case (§4.7): the entity's dependency order, field and archive claims ordered together by genealogy within each sense; neither ledger placed first as a block. What it is and what the record asks of it (¶0) precede the unit and the case (¶1), since the census's question is put to its kind of record; the archive's case-record claims (#1725) follow the field's account of the case they bear on; scale, completion and clusters (¶2) qualify the cases; the definition and purposes (¶3) precede the origin and makers (¶4); labor action (¶5) gives the census's area and the field's labor cases before the archive's class claims on the strike; holder and terms (¶6), the losing side and the record's limits (¶7), lifecycle (¶8) and the composition at the name (¶9) stand last as relations of the entity already composed." }, { "act": "holding together (P_coh: continuation)", "sentences": [ 28 ], "claims": [ "ML-21", "F33" ], "note": "the census's 'active' and the review's 'not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing' composed side by side, each with its source and date; the composer does not rule (open block)." }, { "act": "holding together (P_coh: counts)", "sentences": [ 10, 11 ], "claims": [ "F3", "ML-13", "F32", "F43", "F16" ], "note": "the home page's counts, the census's count from them, and the review's and the encyclopedia's differing counts, each with its source (open block)." }, { "act": "holding together (the losing side)", "sentences": [ 13, 25, 26 ], "claims": [ "F19", "O1725-04", "ML-10" ], "note": "CNCR's restriction to completed campaigns, #1725's decisive variable and the census's 'not recorded' composed in sequence; the composer does not infer from completion whether failed campaigns are kept (open block)." }, { "act": "placing the class after the field's labor cases", "sentences": [ 20, 21, 22 ], "claims": [ "F9", "F14", "ML-22", "O1438-01", "O1668-01", "O1668-02" ], "note": "the archive's claims on the strike stand after the field's labor cases and the census's area and are sourced to the class (F9, F14, ML-28), never to the entity by the composer's judgment (§3.4 O guard)." }, { "act": "placing the case-record claims after the field's account of the case", "sentences": [ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], "claims": [ "F23", "F29", "ML-18", "O1725-01", "O1725-02", "O1725-03", "ML-17" ], "note": "#1725's claims on the case record follow the field's case (a file and a narrative) and the census's reading of it; they are claims on the class (census evidence_kind 'case record'), never on the database by the composer's judgment." } ], "plan": { "order": [ "ML-01", "ML-03", "F2", "ML-02", "F1", "F16", "F39", "F28", "F37", "ML-26", "ML-27", "ML-04", "ML-05", "F6", "F17", "F48", "ML-06", "F23", "F29", "F44", "F12", "F13", "F15", "F25", "ML-18", "ML-23", "ML-24", "O1725-01", "O1725-02", "O1725-03", "ML-17", "F3", "ML-13", "ML-12", "ML-14", "F32", "F43", "F20", "F24", "F19", "F26", "F21", "F30", "F31", "F18", "F22", "F27", "F42", "F46", "F45", "F38", "F40", "F47", "ML-28", "ML-22", "ML-07", "F9", "F14", "O1438-01", "O1668-01", "O1668-02", "F4", "ML-09", "ML-20", "ML-08", "F8", "F10", "F5", "ML-19", "F34", "O1725-04", "ML-10", "ML-15", "ML-11", "F7", "F11", "F36", "F35", "ML-16", "ML-21", "ML-25", "F33", "F41", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-03" ], "senses": { "what it is": [ 1, 2 ], "what the record asks": [ 3 ], "the unit": [ 4 ], "the case": [ 5 ], "waves of campaigns": [ 6 ], "the case record": [ 7, 8, 9 ], "scale and coverage": [ 10, 11, 12 ], "completed campaigns": [ 13 ], "issue clusters": [ 14 ], "nonviolent action defined": [ 15 ], "purposes": [ 16 ], "origin and makers": [ 17, 18, 19 ], "labor action": [ 20, 21, 22 ], "holder and terms": [ 23, 24 ], "what the record keeps": [ 25, 26, 27 ], "lifecycle": [ 28 ], "the composition at the name": [ 29, 30 ] }, "case_by_sense": { "equal (one claim space; nothing translated)": [ "what it is", "what the record asks", "the unit", "the case", "waves of campaigns", "the case record", "scale and coverage", "completed campaigns", "issue clusters", "nonviolent action defined", "purposes", "origin and makers", "labor action", "holder and terms", "what the record keeps", "lifecycle", "the composition at the name" ] }, "carried": { "archive": 45, "field": 48, "not_composed": {} }, "conflict_log": [ { "rule": "D_pres vs channel", "result": "no cut: the KO carries every field and archive claim (48 and 45); the compression's bound met with no channel log" }, { "rule": "P_coh", "result": "ML-21 ('active') beside F33 (continuation 'not clear', summer 2024) (sentence 28); F3 (1,200+, 100+ countries) beside F32 (1.300+) and F43 (over 1,000, nearly 200 countries) (sentences 10–11); ML-10 ('not recorded') beside F19 (completion) (sentences 13, 26): each composed with its source" }, { "rule": "N_c", "result": "no claim lowered by standing; B3's first-person description carried at attributed grade (CNCR reproducing the database); F30–F31 at attributed grade (Lakey as the review quotes him); O1725-03 the archive's own limit, carried; ML-18 the archive's reading, at its grade; CAP-1-02, CAP-1-03, CAP-1-09 at the registry's interpretation grade" }, { "rule": "C_ex", "result": "senses composed ⊇ senses in the ledgers: every ledger lineage cited in the KO" } ] } }, "P": { "title": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "genre": "the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the v0.9 plan in one claim space; it faces on the card", "status": "composed 2026-10-31 from the v0.9 knowledge object; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "is a database of case studies of nonviolent action campaigns, a project of Swarthmore College since 2011, developed by George Lakey with students: 1,200+ cases, each a campaign written up as a database file and a narrative (home page; CNCR; Wikipedia; maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "ML-01", "F2", "F27", "F45", "F3", "F6", "F17", "F23", "ML-06" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "🗂️", "head": "The record", "items": [ { "label": "Unit:", "text": "\"campaigns, and not movements\"; the map's waves group campaigns (CNCR; case map; record).", "claims": [ "F17", "F6", "F48", "ML-06", "ML-23", "F12", "F13", "F15", "F25" ] }, { "label": "Each case:", "text": "a database file with searchable fields and a narrative, beside a map (CNCR; Discuss Data; Wikipedia).", "claims": [ "F23", "F29", "F44" ] }, { "label": "Scope:", "text": "1,200+ cases, 100+ countries, 400+ years; elsewhere 1.300+ entries, nearly 200 countries; ancient Egypt to 2019 (home page; Discuss Data; Wikipedia; CNCR).", "claims": [ "F3", "ML-12", "ML-13", "ML-14", "F32", "F43", "F20", "F24", "F28", "F16", "F39", "F37" ] }, { "label": "Completed campaigns:", "text": "only those \"that have reached a point of completion\" (CNCR).", "claims": [ "F19" ] }, { "label": "Clusters:", "text": "human rights, economic justice, democracy, identity, environment, peace (CNCR).", "claims": [ "F26", "F21" ] }, { "label": "Defined:", "text": "a \"technique of struggle\" beyond courts and voting, described apart from ethics, for learning and comparison (Lakey, via Discuss Data; CNCR).", "claims": [ "F30", "F31", "F1", "F18", "F22" ] } ] }, { "icon": "👥", "head": "Makers and holder", "items": [ { "label": "Makers:", "text": "Swarthmore's Peace and Conflict Studies, Peace Collection and Lang Center; George Lakey, to whose article the encyclopedia redirects; a student seminar (home page; Wikipedia; blog).", "claims": [ "F2", "ML-02", "ML-03", "F27", "F42", "F46", "F45", "F38", "F40", "F47" ] }, { "label": "Terms:", "text": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0; browse, search, suggest a case; download \"not available\", \"it seems\" (home page; Discuss Data; record).", "claims": [ "F4", "F5", "F8", "F10", "F34", "ML-08", "ML-09", "ML-19", "ML-20" ] }, { "label": "Lifecycle:", "text": "\"active\" for the census; continuation \"not clear\" as of summer 2024 (record; Discuss Data).", "claims": [ "ML-21", "ML-25", "F33", "F41" ] } ] }, { "icon": "✊", "head": "Labor action", "items": [ { "label": "In the census:", "text": "\"NOT a labor dataset\": labor cases are one part (record).", "claims": [ "ML-04", "ML-05", "ML-07", "ML-22", "ML-28" ] }, { "label": "Labor cases:", "text": "the Lunafil strike; the anti-sweatshop and living-wage waves (home page; case map).", "claims": [ "F9", "F14" ] }, { "label": "The archive:", "text": "the work stoppage set beside the semantic strike (#1438); the general strike as \"the verb withdrawn from the noun's owner\" (#1668).", "claims": [ "O1438-01", "O1668-01", "O1668-02" ] } ] }, { "icon": "⚖️", "head": "What the record keeps", "items": [ { "label": "The question:", "text": "whose record, who holds it, and the losing side (record; #1725).", "claims": [ "ML-26", "ML-27", "O1725-04" ] }, { "label": "The case record:", "text": "shows how conflict ends; its frequency \"unmeasured\" (#1725); \"NOT an event count\" (record).", "claims": [ "O1725-01", "O1725-02", "O1725-03", "ML-18", "ML-24", "ML-16", "ML-17" ] }, { "label": "Losing side:", "text": "\"not recorded\"; the limitations page unread; desk research, event data, text coding (record; home page; Discuss Data).", "claims": [ "ML-10", "ML-11", "ML-15", "F7", "F11", "F35", "F36" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🔎", "head": "At its name", "items": [ { "label": "The Overview:", "text": "faithful on host and scale; its range joined to ancient Egypt in one sentence; the unit on a card only; limits and license not carried (Capture Registry).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Does the database keep failed campaigns, defeated tactics and splits inside a campaign?", "rests_on": [ "ML-10", "ML-18", "F7", "F11", "F19", "O1725-04" ], "modality": "self-description (record; the home page's menu), attributed (CNCR), interpretation (#1725)", "would_resolve": "a reading of its 'Limitations of the Database' and 'Coding Definitions' pages and of a sample of its cases" }, { "question": "How many cases, from how many countries?", "rests_on": [ "F3", "F16", "F32", "F43", "ML-13" ], "modality": "self-description (home page), attributed (CNCR, Wikipedia), documented (Discuss Data)", "would_resolve": "a dated count from the database's own browse" }, { "question": "Is case collection continuing?", "rests_on": [ "F33", "ML-21", "F38", "F40", "F41" ], "modality": "documented (Discuss Data, the blog), stipulation (record)", "would_resolve": "dated case additions on the site after 2024" }, { "question": "How many of its cases concern labor?", "rests_on": [ "ML-25", "ML-22", "F9", "F14" ], "modality": "self-description (record), documented (home page, case map)", "would_resolve": "a count of the cases under its economic-justice cluster and labor waves" }, { "question": "Opacities", "rests_on": [ "F37", "ML-25" ], "modality": "attributed (snippet only); self-description (record)", "would_resolve": "the Policy Commons page (bot check) and the database's About page (connection reset in the census's fetch)" } ], "rail": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a database of cases of nonviolent action campaigns", "claims": [ "F1", "F16", "F28", "F39", "ML-01", "ML-03" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "operator: Swarthmore College", "claims": [ "F2", "ML-02" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the unit: campaigns, not movements", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F48", "ML-06", "ML-23" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the case: a database file and a narrative", "claims": [ "F23", "F29", "F44" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "waves of campaigns and the case map", "claims": [ "F12", "F13", "F15", "F25" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "the case record: how conflict ends", "claims": [ "O1725-01", "O1725-02", "O1725-03", "ML-05", "ML-18", "ML-24" ], "earliest": 1725 }, { "lineage": "scale and coverage", "claims": [ "F3", "F20", "F24", "F32", "F43", "ML-12", "ML-13", "ML-14" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "completed campaigns", "claims": [ "F19" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "issue clusters", "claims": [ "F21", "F26" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "nonviolent action defined", "claims": [ "F30", "F31" ], "earliest": "B4" }, { "lineage": "purposes: free access and comparative knowledge", "claims": [ "F18", "F22", "F37" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "origin and makers: 2011, George Lakey and students", "claims": [ "F27", "F38", "F40", "F45" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "labor action: the census area", "claims": [ "ML-04", "ML-22", "ML-28" ], "earliest": "ML" }, { "lineage": "labor cases", "claims": [ "F9", "F14", "ML-07" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "labor action: the strike", "claims": [ "O1438-01", "O1668-01", "O1668-02" ], "earliest": 1438 }, { "lineage": "terms and access", "claims": [ "F4", "F5", "F8", "F10", "F34", "ML-09", "ML-19", "ML-20" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "what the record keeps: the losing side", "claims": [ "O1725-04", "ML-10", "ML-26", "ML-27" ], "earliest": 1725 }, { "lineage": "what the record asks and answers", "claims": [ "ML-08", "ML-16", "ML-17", "ML-25" ], "earliest": "ML" }, { "lineage": "limits, coding and method", "claims": [ "F7", "F11", "F35", "ML-11", "ML-15" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "lifecycle and use", "claims": [ "F33", "F41", "ML-21" ], "earliest": "B4" }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia and the review", "claims": [ "F36", "F42", "F46", "F47" ], "earliest": "B7" }, { "lineage": "the composition at the name", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10" ], "earliest": "capture-registry" } ], "body_words": 333, "entity": "Composed under v0.9, equal case (ρ = extends): KO_B sentences surviving 0 of 14; every field claim carried." }, "P_B": { "title": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (cards, Wikipedia)", "status": "composed 2026-10-31 from the field ledger alone; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "is a Swarthmore College database of case studies of nonviolent campaigns, begun in 2011 and developed by George Lakey with students (home page; CNCR; Wikipedia).", "claims": [ "F2", "F16", "F27", "F45" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "🗂️", "head": "The cases", "items": [ { "label": "Unit:", "text": "campaigns, excluding movements (CNCR).", "claims": [ "F17", "F6", "F48" ] }, { "label": "Form:", "text": "a database file and a narrative; a map with waves (CNCR; case map).", "claims": [ "F23", "F29", "F44", "F12", "F13", "F15", "F25" ] }, { "label": "Scope:", "text": "1,200+ cases, 100+ countries; ancient Egypt to 2019; completed campaigns (home page; Discuss Data; CNCR).", "claims": [ "F3", "F32", "F43", "F20", "F24", "F28", "F19", "F39", "F37" ] }, { "label": "Clusters and definition:", "text": "six issue clusters; a \"technique of struggle\" (CNCR; Discuss Data).", "claims": [ "F26", "F21", "F30", "F31", "F1", "F18", "F22" ] } ] }, { "icon": "👥", "head": "Makers and terms", "items": [ { "label": "Makers:", "text": "Swarthmore's programs, Lakey, a student seminar (home page; Wikipedia; blog).", "claims": [ "F42", "F46", "F38", "F40", "F47" ] }, { "label": "Labor:", "text": "the Lunafil strike; two labor waves (home page; case map).", "claims": [ "F9", "F14" ] }, { "label": "Terms:", "text": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0; viewable; download \"not available\", \"it seems\"; continuation unclear (home page; Discuss Data).", "claims": [ "F4", "F5", "F8", "F10", "F34", "F33", "F41", "F7", "F11", "F35", "F36" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Is case collection continuing?", "rests_on": [ "F33", "F38", "F40" ], "modality": "documented", "would_resolve": "dated case additions on the site after 2024" }, { "question": "Opacities", "rests_on": [ "F37", "F7", "F11" ], "modality": "attributed (snippet only); documented (page titles only)", "would_resolve": "the Policy Commons page (bot check); the limitations and coding pages (not in the field)" } ], "rail": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a database of cases of nonviolent action campaigns", "claims": [ "F1", "F16", "F28", "F39" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "operator: Swarthmore College", "claims": [ "F2" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the unit: campaigns, not movements", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F48" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the case: a database file and a narrative", "claims": [ "F23", "F29", "F44" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "waves of campaigns and the case map", "claims": [ "F12", "F13", "F15", "F25" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "scale and coverage", "claims": [ "F3", "F20", "F24", "F32", "F43" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "completed campaigns", "claims": [ "F19" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "issue clusters", "claims": [ "F21", "F26" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "nonviolent action defined", "claims": [ "F30", "F31" ], "earliest": "B4" }, { "lineage": "purposes: free access and comparative knowledge", "claims": [ "F18", "F22", "F37" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "origin and makers: 2011, George Lakey and students", "claims": [ "F27", "F38", "F40", "F45" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "labor cases", "claims": [ "F9", "F14" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "terms and access", "claims": [ "F4", "F5", "F8", "F10", "F34" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "limits, coding and method", "claims": [ "F7", "F11", "F35" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "lifecycle and use", "claims": [ "F33", "F41" ], "earliest": "B4" }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia and the review", "claims": [ "F36", "F42", "F46", "F47" ], "earliest": "B7" } ], "body_words": 113, "entity": "the field's entity: Swarthmore's database of case studies of nonviolent campaigns, as its home page, its case map, CNCR, the Discuss Data review, the Peace & Conflict Studies blog and the encyclopedia's redirect give it" }, "KO_B": { "title": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "knowledge object", "status": "composed 2026-10-31; not frozen", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "text": "The Global Nonviolent Action Database is a project of Swarthmore College with its Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection and the Lang Center, under the line \"Powering Learning about Nonviolent Action\" (home page).", "claims": [ "F2", "F1" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "text": "It is a database of summaries of nonviolent campaigns worldwide (CNCR), of cases of nonviolent civil resistance in narrative form (the Swarthmore blog) and of nonviolent protest actions across the globe (Discuss Data), with information on hundreds of cases (Policy Commons card).", "claims": [ "F16", "F39", "F28", "F37" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 0, "text": "Its cases are campaigns and exclude movements: the civil rights movement is no case, the Montgomery Bus Boycott is one (CNCR; the home page's menu; the CNCR card).", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F48" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 1, "text": "Each case is a database file with searchable fields and a narrative of the struggle, beside an interactive map (CNCR; Discuss Data; Wikipedia).", "claims": [ "F23", "F29", "F44" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "text": "The case map groups cases into twelve waves of campaigns, from the Latin American democracy campaigns of 1944 to the Arab Awakening of 2011 (case map; CNCR).", "claims": [ "F12", "F13", "F15", "F25" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 1, "text": "It counts 1,200+ cases, 100+ countries and 400+ years (home page), the review 1.300+ entries and the encyclopedia over 1,000 cases from nearly 200 countries, drawn from all continents (Discuss Data; Wikipedia; CNCR).", "claims": [ "F3", "F32", "F43", "F20" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 1, "text": "Its cases run from ancient Egypt in the 12th century BCE to 2019, and it researches campaigns that have reached completion (CNCR; Discuss Data).", "claims": [ "F24", "F28", "F19" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 1, "text": "Campaigns are sorted into six issue clusters: democracy, economic justice, environment, human rights, national and ethnic identity, and peace (CNCR).", "claims": [ "F26", "F21" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 2, "text": "Lakey's definition, which the review quotes, takes nonviolent action as a technique of struggle beyond courts and voting, described apart from morality and ethics (Discuss Data).", "claims": [ "F30", "F31" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 2, "text": "It aims at free access for learning and citizen action and at comparative knowledge for researchers and writers (CNCR).", "claims": [ "F18", "F22" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 2, "text": "Begun in 2011 and developed by George Lakey with students, to whose article its Wikipedia title redirects, it gains cases from the Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle course, and Lakey's article cites its cases for his own campaigns (CNCR; Wikipedia; the blog).", "claims": [ "F27", "F42", "F46", "F45", "F38", "F40", "F47" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 3, "text": "Its labor cases include the Lunafil strike and the waves of the student anti-sweatshop and living-wage movements (home page; case map).", "claims": [ "F9", "F14" ] }, { "n": 13, "para": 3, "text": "It is licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 and browsable by case, tag, map and method, with case suggestions and logins; its data can be viewed and, it seems to the review, cannot be downloaded (home page; Discuss Data).", "claims": [ "F4", "F8", "F10", "F5", "F34" ] }, { "n": 14, "para": 3, "text": "It lists limitations and coding pages; the 2025 review records desk research, event data and text coding, and found it unclear in 2024 whether collection continues, while the blog shows the database in use (home page; Discuss Data; the blog).", "claims": [ "F7", "F11", "F35", "F36", "F33", "F41" ] } ] }, "L_B": { "words": 420, "text": "The Global Nonviolent Action Database is a project of Swarthmore College with its Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection and the Lang Center, under the line \"Powering Learning about Nonviolent Action\" (home page). It is a database of summaries of nonviolent campaigns worldwide (CNCR), of cases of nonviolent civil resistance in narrative form (the Swarthmore blog) and of nonviolent protest actions across the globe (Discuss Data), with information on hundreds of cases (Policy Commons card). Its cases are campaigns and exclude movements: the civil rights movement is no case, the Montgomery Bus Boycott is one (CNCR; the home page's menu; the CNCR card). Each case is a database file with searchable fields and a narrative of the struggle, beside an interactive map (CNCR; Discuss Data; Wikipedia). The case map groups cases into twelve waves of campaigns, from the Latin American democracy campaigns of 1944 to the Arab Awakening of 2011 (case map; CNCR). It counts 1,200+ cases, 100+ countries and 400+ years (home page), the review 1.300+ entries and the encyclopedia over 1,000 cases from nearly 200 countries, drawn from all continents (Discuss Data; Wikipedia; CNCR). Its cases run from ancient Egypt in the 12th century BCE to 2019, and it researches campaigns that have reached completion (CNCR; Discuss Data). Campaigns are sorted into six issue clusters: democracy, economic justice, environment, human rights, national and ethnic identity, and peace (CNCR). Lakey's definition, which the review quotes, takes nonviolent action as a technique of struggle beyond courts and voting, described apart from morality and ethics (Discuss Data). It aims at free access for learning and citizen action and at comparative knowledge for researchers and writers (CNCR). Begun in 2011 and developed by George Lakey with students, to whose article its Wikipedia title redirects, it gains cases from the Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle course, and Lakey's article cites its cases for his own campaigns (CNCR; Wikipedia; the blog). Its labor cases include the Lunafil strike and the waves of the student anti-sweatshop and living-wage movements (home page; case map). It is licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 and browsable by case, tag, map and method, with case suggestions and logins; its data can be viewed and, it seems to the review, cannot be downloaded (home page; Discuss Data). It lists limitations and coding pages; the 2025 review records desk research, event data and text coding, and found it unclear in 2024 whether collection continues, while the blog shows the database in use (home page; Discuss Data; the blog).", "note": "L_F(B), the field-only composition, realized as KO_B (v0.9 §0.4); its compression is P_B." }, "L_BA": { "words": 1763, "text": "The Global Nonviolent Action Database, known as GNAD, is a \"database of case studies of nonviolent action campaigns, browsable by case, tag, method and map\" (maryleelabor record), which its home page calls \"a project of Swarthmore College, including the Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility\", under the line \"Powering Learning about Nonviolent Action\" (home page). CNCR describes it as \"A database of over 1000 summaries of nonviolent campaigns worldwide\", the Swarthmore Peace & Conflict Studies blog as one that \"presents cases of nonviolent civil resistance from around the world, spanning decades and even hundreds of years\", the Discuss Data review as reporting \"on cases of nonviolent protest actions taken across the globe\", and the Policy Commons card as providing \"access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action\" (CNCR; the blog; Discuss Data review, 2025; Policy Commons card). The maryleelabor census, anchored on #1725, asks of it \"Whose record does it keep, who holds it, and does it keep the losing side in a form that could be taken up later?\", and enters it under labor action with \"case record\" as its kind of evidence (maryleelabor record). Its unit is the campaign: the home page's menu carries a page titled \"Campaigns, Not Movements\", and CNCR states the rule, \"the case studies included are indeed, campaigns, and not movements. For example, “the civil rights movement” is not included, but the Montgomery Bus Boycott is a case\", which CNCR's card gives as \"excluding broad moveme...\" and the census records as \"a case: a nonviolent action campaign (a menu page is titled 'Campaigns, Not Movements'), linked to the methods it used\" (home page; CNCR; maryleelabor record). Each case \"is presented in two formats: the database file (with searchable fields) and the narrative describing the struggle as an unfolding story\" (CNCR), beside \"a more visual representation in the form of an interactive map\" (Discuss Data review), and the encyclopedia's account says it \"includes a narrative for each case\" (Wikipedia, George Lakey). Its case map has a \"Filter by Wave of Campaign\" running from \"Latin American Democracy Campaigns (1944)\" to \"Arab Awakening (2011)\", each case on the map carrying its \"Campaign Wave\" (case map), and \"by pressing each “wave” button one can find cases\" (CNCR). The archive reads \"the case as the unit that carries a campaign's course in prose, which an event count does not\", and the census keeps the database apart as \"NOT a database of movements: its unit is the campaign\" and \"NOT an event count\" (maryleelabor record). #1725 states what a case record shows that a measure of conflict does not: the charge that the left infights \"measures how much conflict there is\", and \"At the level of mechanics the case record tells a different story. Disagreement is constant. What varies is the ending, and the endings fall into a small number of forms\" (#1725). It states the case record's limit with it: \"no cross-organization dataset of left splits, or of minority positions later adopted, was found for any period\", and the pattern's \"frequency across the left as a whole is unmeasured\" (#1725); of this database the census writes that it does not answer \"the frequency of nonviolent action in any country or period (the cases are written up one by one)\" (maryleelabor record). Its home page counts \"1,200+ cases\", \"100+ countries\" and \"400+ years covered\", which the census, reading the home page on 31 October 2026, takes as its count, its coverage and its holdings (home page; maryleelabor record). Other counts differ: the Discuss Data review gives \"1.300+ total entries\", \"40 events\" of them for Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus and Central Asia, the encyclopedia \"over 1,000 researched cases from nearly 200 countries\", and CNCR cases \"drawn from all continents and most countries\" (Discuss Data review, 2025; Wikipedia, George Lakey; CNCR). Its range runs from \"a case from ancient Egypt, 12th century BCE\" (CNCR) to cases \"all the way up to 2019\" (Discuss Data review, citing Lakey 2011a). It researches \"campaigns that have reached a point of completion\" (CNCR, in the database's own first person), and the CNCR card calls its cases \"completed nonviolent campaign case studies\" (card snippet). \"Each campaign is sorted in one (or several) issue “clusters”\", and the cases show people \"struggling for human rights, economic justice, democracy, national and ethnic identity, environmental sustainability, and peace\" (CNCR). Its definition of nonviolent action, as the Discuss Data review quotes Lakey (2011c), is \"[A] technique of struggle that goes beyond institutionalized conflict procedures like law courts and voting\", the study of \"the methods of protest, noncooperation, and intervention that typically heighten a conflict\", which \"is not located in the discourse of morality and ethics\" and focuses \"descriptively on what people do when they use this specific ‘technique of struggle.’\" Its summaries are researched to \"provide free access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action for learning and for citizen action\" and to \"make available comparative information that will support researchers and writers to develop strategic knowledge and theory\" (CNCR). It has been \"A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present\" (CNCR); Wikipedia has no article under its name, which redirects to George Lakey, an activist and sociologist \"who added academic underpinning to the concept of nonviolent revolution\", whose article lists it among his works as \"Developed by Lakey with Swarthmore College and other university students\" (Wikipedia, George Lakey). Students write its cases: \"Seventy-six new cases have been added to the Global Nonviolent Action Database by students in the spring semester Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle course at Swarthmore College\" (the blog, 2015), a course that \"is a research seminar and writing course that contributes to the widely recognized Global Nonviolent Action Database\" (the blog, 2017). Lakey's article cites the database's cases for campaigns he took part in, \"Puerto Ricans expel United States Navy from Culebra Island, 1970–1974\" and \"Earth Quaker Action Team Campaigns Against PNC Bank for Financing Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining 2010–2015\" among them (Wikipedia, George Lakey). The census enters it under labor action, \"strikes, stoppages and protest events, counted and described\", tags it \"NOT a labor dataset: labor cases are one part of a database of nonviolent action of every kind\", and names among its featured cases \"a labor strike (Guatemalan workers at Lunafil)\" (maryleelabor record); the home page features \"Guatemalan workers at Lunafil strike\" and \"Macalester students stage sit-in to oppose sweatshop apparel, 2000\", and the case map's waves include the \"Student Anti-Sweatshop Labor Movement (1990s - 2010s)\" and the \"Student Living Wage Movement (late 1990s - mid 2000s)\" (home page; case map). The archive defines its semantic strike against the class these labor cases belong to: in the \"Conventional work stoppage\" what stops is \"Production\", who acts is \"Workers against an employer\", the success condition is \"Concession from management\", and it ends when \"Demands met\" (#1438). It reads the general strike of the enslaved, through Du Bois, in its own terms of noun and verb: \"The general strike is the verb withdrawn from the noun's owner. The workers reorganized the topology themselves, by moving\", and \"The freedpeople's own general strike forced the opening; the settlement closed it toward contract and debt\" (#1668). The home page licenses it \"under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license unless otherwise noted\", and the census records its holder as \"Swarthmore College; licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 unless otherwise noted; the public can suggest a case\", its license as stated, and what it keeps as \"the record of nonviolent campaigns, written up as cases\" (home page; maryleelabor record). Its menu offers \"Browse Cases\", \"Browse Cases by Tags\", \"View Cases on Map\", \"Browse Methods\" and \"Suggest a Case\", and \"Registered users can login to the website\" (home page), which the census records as \"public browse and search of cases, tags, methods and map\" (maryleelabor record); the Discuss Data review adds that \"while the data is freely viewable on the website, it seems that the data is not available for download\". #1725 names the decisive variable in a record of disputes as \"what happens to the losing position after the decision\", whether the defeated critique kept \"an organ in which it could keep being stated, a holder with standing independent of the executive, and a route by which the majority could later adopt it\" (#1725). For this database the census records the losing side as \"not recorded. A 'Limitations of the Database' page and coding definitions are listed and were not read; the saved pages do not show whether failed campaigns or splits inside campaigns are recorded\", its stated limits as that page, and its method as \"written case studies coded against definitions\" (maryleelabor record), the home page listing \"Limitations of the Database\", \"Coding Definitions\" and \"Who Made the Database?\" (home page). The Discuss Data review of Nathalie Rathkamp (version 1.0, \"published: May 8, 2025\") lists its methods of data collection as \"Desk Research\", \"Event Data\" and \"Text Coding\"; the census writes that its record settles \"how a named nonviolent campaign was conducted, as the case writes it up\" and leaves \"strikes or campaigns that have no case\" and \"the positions argued inside a campaign (not shown in the saved pages)\" unsettled (Discuss Data review; maryleelabor record). The census records it \"active\": \"the site answered on 2026-10-31 and takes case suggestions; update dates are not recorded in the saved text\", and lists as unchecked \"the cases themselves\" and \"how many cases concern labor\" (maryleelabor record); the Discuss Data review wrote that \"As of summer 2024, it is not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing\", and the blog tags it on events such as \"Animating Resistance: Live Cinema Explorations of the Global Nonviolent Action Database\" (Discuss Data review; the blog). At its name, a new address (\"the census name; NEW address.\"), the Overview of 31 October 2026, signed out, gives \"its host, its scale, its clusters and how to search it\", and the Capture Registry reads it \"Faithful on host and scale\", with \"Swarthmore named; the database's pages among the cards\" and \"The database reached by name with its host, scope, clusters and tools\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31). The Capture Registry finds \"'400 YEARS' AND 'ANCIENT EGYPT' IN ONE SENTENCE\", the rule \"'Campaigns, Not Movements' reaches the composition only through a card snippet\", and that \"The database links a page of its own 'Limitations of the Database' and a Creative Commons license (BY-NC-ND 4.0); the composition carries neither\": the composition \"leaves out the database's own statement of its unit, limits and license\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31).", "rail": [], "note": "L(B ∪ A) in the equal-terms case (v0.9 §0.4), realized as the knowledge object (objects.KO); its rail is the compression's, by lineage." } }, "field": [ { "id": "B1", "card": "Global Nonviolent Action Database — Global Nonviolent Action Database: Home", "fetched": "card; B1.html sha256 c4ecffa2e4ca662a, HTTP 200 at 2026-10-31T22:58:58Z; byte-identical to the census copy gnad--home", "origin": "card" }, { "id": "B2", "card": "Global Nonviolent Action Database — Nonviolent Action Case Map | Global Nonviolent Action 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the student anti-sweatshop labor movement and the student living wage movement", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "labor cases", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 52d997890ea312d6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F15": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "locus": "case list", "quote": "University of Arizona students campaign against sweatshop-produced apparel, 1997-1999 … Campaign Wave … Student Anti-Sweatshop Labor Movement (1990s - 2010s)", "claim": "each case on the map carries its campaign wave (e.g. a 1997–1999 student campaign under the anti-sweatshop wave)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "waves of campaigns and the case map", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 52d997890ea312d6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F16": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "A database of over 1000 summaries of nonviolent campaigns worldwide.", "claim": "CNCR: a database of over 1,000 summaries of nonviolent campaigns worldwide", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "what it is: a database of cases of nonviolent action campaigns", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F17": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "It is important to note that the case studies included are indeed, campaigns, and not movements. For example, “the civil rights movement” is not included, but the Montgomery Bus Boycott is a case, as is the Nashville Sit-in of 1960.", "claim": "the cases are campaigns and exclude movements: the civil rights movement is not a case; the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Nashville sit-in of 1960 are", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the unit: campaigns, not movements", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F18": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "purpose 1", "quote": "provide free access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action for learning and for citizen action.", "claim": "its first purpose: free access to information about cases, for learning and citizen action", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purposes: free access and comparative knowledge", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F19": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "purpose 1", "quote": "We research campaigns that have reached a point of completion.", "claim": "it researches campaigns that have reached a point of completion", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "completed campaigns", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F20": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "purpose 1", "quote": "The cases are drawn from all continents and most countries.", "claim": "its cases are drawn from all continents and most countries", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "scale and coverage", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F21": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "purpose 1", "quote": "People are shown struggling for human rights, economic justice, democracy, national and ethnic identity, environmental sustainability, and peace.", "claim": "its cases show people struggling for human rights, economic justice, democracy, national and ethnic identity, environmental sustainability and peace", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "issue clusters", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F22": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "purpose 2", "quote": "make available comparative information that will support researchers and writers to develop strategic knowledge and theory.", "claim": "its second purpose: comparative information for researchers and writers developing strategic knowledge and theory", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purposes: free access and comparative knowledge", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F23": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "purpose 2", "quote": "Each case is presented in two formats: the database file (with searchable fields) and the narrative describing the struggle as an unfolding story.", "claim": "each case is presented twice: a database file with searchable fields and a narrative of the struggle", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the case: a database file and a narrative", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F24": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "purpose 2", "quote": "The database supports searches by country, by issue, by action method used, and even by year — there is a case from ancient Egypt, 12th century BCE!", "claim": "searches by country, issue, method and year; one case is from ancient Egypt, 12th century BCE", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "scale and coverage", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F25": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "purpose 2", "quote": "Some cases are part of a “wave” of campaigns, such as the “Arab Awakening” of 2011; by pressing each “wave” button one can find cases.", "claim": "some cases belong to a wave of campaigns, found by its button", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "waves of campaigns and the case map", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F26": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "clusters", "quote": "Each campaign is sorted in one (or several) issue “clusters”. Those clusters are: … Democracy … Economic justice … Environment … Human rights (including free practice of religion, women’s rights) … National / ethnic identity (including anti-colonial struggles) … Peace", "claim": "each campaign is sorted into one or several of six issue clusters", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "issue clusters", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F27": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "byline", "quote": "A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present", "claim": "a project of Swarthmore College since 2011", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "origin and makers: 2011, George Lakey and students", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31; 'A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 37d872aed695f98d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F28": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "Description, s1–2", "quote": "The Global Nonviolent Action Database is a project of the Swarthmore College. It reports on cases of nonviolent protest actions taken across the globe (100+ countries) (1), including cases dating back as far as the 12th century BCE all the way up to 2019 (Lakey 2011a).", "claim": "the review: a Swarthmore project reporting cases of nonviolent protest actions in 100+ countries, from the 12th century BCE to 2019 (citing Lakey 2011a)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what it is: a database of cases of nonviolent action campaigns", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F29": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "Description, s3", "quote": "The dataset takes the form of both case studies as well as a more visual representation in the form of an interactive map (1).", "claim": "the dataset is case studies and an interactive map", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the case: a database file and a narrative", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F30": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "Description, s4 (quoting Lakey 2011c)", "quote": "“[A] technique of struggle that goes beyond institutionalized conflict procedures like law courts and voting, procedures common in many countries. We study the methods of protest, noncooperation, and intervention that typically heighten a conflict – and the use of these methods without the threat or use of injurious force to others.", "claim": "the database's definition of nonviolent action, as the review quotes it: a technique of struggle beyond institutional procedures; protest, noncooperation and intervention without injurious force", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "nonviolent action defined", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F31": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "Description, s4 (quoting Lakey 2011c)", "quote": "Our definition is not located in the discourse of morality and ethics, although some people may choose to use nonviolent action for ethical reasons. Instead, we focus descriptively on what people do when they use this specific ‘technique of struggle.’” (Lakey 2011c).", "claim": "the definition is descriptive and set outside the discourse of morality and ethics", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "nonviolent action defined", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F32": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "Description, ¶2 s1", "quote": "Of the 1.300+ total entries in this dataset, there are 40 events listed for the countries of Eastern Europe, South Caucasus and Central Asia covered by Discuss Data.", "claim": "the review counts 1,300+ entries, 40 of them for Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus and Central Asia", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "scale and coverage", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F33": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "Description, ¶2 s2", "quote": "As of summer 2024, it is not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing.", "claim": "as of summer 2024, the review finds it unclear whether data collection continues", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "lifecycle and use", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F34": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "Description, ¶3 s2", "quote": "However, while the data is freely viewable on the website, it seems that the data is not available for download.", "claim": "the data is freely viewable and, it seems, not downloadable", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "terms and access", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F35": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "Methods of data collection", "quote": "Methods of data collection … Desk Research … Event Data … Text Coding", "claim": "the review's methods of data collection: desk research, event data, text coding", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "limits, coding and method", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F36": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "header", "quote": "Review of Swarthmore College (2011): Global Nonviolent Action Database … Version 1.0, published: May 8, 2025. … Nathalie Rathkamp", "claim": "the card is a data review by Nathalie Rathkamp, version 1.0 of 8 May 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia and the review", "date": "2025-05-08 (the review, version 1.0)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 95544727e0ef18ed…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F37": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "locus": "card snippet", "quote": "This database provides access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action fo...", "claim": "Policy Commons: the database provides access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "purposes: free access and comparative knowledge", "date": "undated (card snippet, 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "card snippet (card 5, the transcript's rail as rendered)" }, "F38": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "excerpt of 'New cases added to the Global Nonviolent Action Database'", "quote": "Seventy-six new cases have been added to the Global Nonviolent Action Database by students in the spring semester Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle course at Swarthmore College.", "claim": "seventy-six cases added by students of the spring Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle course", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "origin and makers: 2011, George Lakey and students", "date": "2015-06-04 (the post, by the archived URL's path; the tag page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 fc2ea94ceeca0136…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F39": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "excerpt of 'New cases added to the Global Nonviolent Action Database'", "quote": "The Global Nonviolent Action Database presents cases of nonviolent civil resistance from around the world, spanning decades and even hundreds of years. Data is provided in a narrative format", "claim": "the blog: cases of nonviolent civil resistance from around the world, over decades and centuries, in narrative form", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what it is: a database of cases of nonviolent action campaigns", "date": "2015-06-04 (the post, by the archived URL's path; the tag page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 fc2ea94ceeca0136…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F40": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "excerpt of 'Spring 2017 course: Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle'", "quote": "Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle is a research seminar and writing course that contributes to the widely recognized Global Nonviolent Action Database, which is housed at Swarthmore College.", "claim": "the course is a research seminar and writing course that contributes to the database, housed at Swarthmore", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "origin and makers: 2011, George Lakey and students", "date": "2017 (the course post, by its slug 's2017-strategy-nv-struggle'; the tag page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 fc2ea94ceeca0136…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F41": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "excerpt of 'Animating Resistance'", "quote": "Animating Resistance: Live Cinema Explorations of the Global Nonviolent Action Database Prof. Ali Momeni, Carnegie Mellon University", "claim": "the database used as material for live-cinema work (Ali Momeni)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "lifecycle and use", "date": "undated (the tag page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 fc2ea94ceeca0136…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F42": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "redirect", "quote": "(Redirected from Global Nonviolent Action Database)", "claim": "Wikipedia has no article on the database; its title redirects to George Lakey", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia and the review", "date": "2026-08-31 (George Lakey, revision 1372450450); the redirect of 2018-05-19 (revision 841987564)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 536e3b9b42b049ce…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F43": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "Works, Internet Development and Writing", "quote": "over 1,000 researched cases from nearly 200 countries with focus on campaigns back to ancient Egypt that used nonviolent direct action.", "claim": "Wikipedia: over 1,000 researched cases from nearly 200 countries, campaigns back to ancient Egypt that used nonviolent direct action", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "scale and coverage", "date": "2026-08-31 (George Lakey, revision 1372450450); the redirect of 2018-05-19 (revision 841987564)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 536e3b9b42b049ce…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F44": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "Works, Internet Development and Writing", "quote": "Searchable, and includes a narrative for each case.", "claim": "searchable, with a narrative for each case", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the case: a database file and a narrative", "date": "2026-08-31 (George Lakey, revision 1372450450); the redirect of 2018-05-19 (revision 841987564)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 536e3b9b42b049ce…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F45": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "Works, Internet Development and Writing", "quote": "Developed by Lakey with Swarthmore College and other university students, with Swarthmore's Peace and Conflict Studies, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility.", "claim": "developed by George Lakey with Swarthmore and other university students, with the Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection and the Lang Center", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "origin and makers: 2011, George Lakey and students", "date": "2026-08-31 (George Lakey, revision 1372450450); the redirect of 2018-05-19 (revision 841987564)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 536e3b9b42b049ce…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F46": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "lead", "quote": "George Russell Lakey (born November 2, 1937) is an activist, sociologist, and writer who added academic underpinning to the concept of nonviolent revolution.", "claim": "the redirect's target is a person: George Lakey, activist, sociologist and writer of nonviolent revolution", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia and the review", "date": "2026-08-31 (George Lakey, revision 1372450450); the redirect of 2018-05-19 (revision 841987564)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 536e3b9b42b049ce…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F47": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "References", "quote": "\"Puerto Ricans expel United States Navy from Culebra Island, 1970–1974 – Global Nonviolent Action Database\" … \"Earth Quaker Action Team Campaigns Against PNC Bank for Financing Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining 2010–2015 – Global Nonviolent Action Database\"", "claim": "the target cites the database's cases for campaigns its developer took part in (Culebra, 1970–1974; EQAT against PNC Bank, 2010–2015)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia and the review", "date": "2026-08-31 (George Lakey, revision 1372450450); the redirect of 2018-05-19 (revision 841987564)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 536e3b9b42b049ce…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F48": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "card snippet", "quote": "contains over 1,000 completed nonviolent campaign case studies globally, excluding broad moveme...", "claim": "the CNCR card: over 1,000 completed campaign case studies, excluding broad movements", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the unit: campaigns, not movements", "date": "undated (card snippet, 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "card snippet (card 3, the transcript's rail as rendered)" } }, "field_sources": { "B1": "Global Nonviolent Action Database — Global Nonviolent Action Database: Home", "B2": "Global Nonviolent Action Database — Nonviolent Action Case Map | Global Nonviolent Action Database", "B3": "www.nonviolent-conflict.org — Swarthmore College's Global Nonviolent Action Database | CNCR", "B4": "Discuss Data — Global Nonviolent Action Database - Discuss Data", "B5": "Policy Commons — GNAD: Global Nonviolent Action Database - Policy Commons", "B6": "Swarthmore College — Global Nonviolent Action Database - Peace & Conflict Studies Blog", "B7": "Wikipedia — Global Nonviolent Action Database (redirect to George Lakey)" }, "delta": { "T_vs_LB": "At 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (T1, six cards: B1–B6, B5 unreachable; 165 words in the answer body and a closing offer) the composition gives the database's host, scale, clusters, waves, search and origin. Composed from its cards: the counts at the home page's grain (B1 F3 '1,200+ cases … 100+ countries … 400+ years covered', as 'more than 1,200 …, from over 100 countries' and 'spanning over 400 years'); the operator's three bodies (B1 F2), with 'hosted by' for the home page's 'a project of'; 'free' from CNCR's 'provide free access' (B3 F18); 'nonviolent campaign case studies' (B3 F16); the clusters at CNCR's own resolution, with a marker (B3 F21, F26); the case from 'ancient Egypt, 12th century BCE' (B3 F24; B4 F28); search 'by country, issue, tactic, year' (B3 F24, its 'action method used' given as 'tactic'), 'narratives and database files' (B3 F23) and 'an interactive global map' (B2 F12; B4 F29); 'Founded in 2011' (B3 F27, '2011-present'); five of the twelve waves (B2 F13: civil rights, apartheid divestment, Soviet bloc, colour revolutions, fossil fuel divestment); 'student seminars' at the grain of the blog card (B6 F38). Available, not composed: the tagline (B1 F1); the license (B1 F4) and the limitations page (B1 F7), as the Capture Registry finds (CAP-1-06); the menu page 'Campaigns, Not Movements' (B1 F6) and CNCR's statement of the rule with its examples (B3 F17), which reach T only as the CNCR card's 'excluding broad moveme...' (F48; CAP-1-05); the coding, citation and makers pages (B1 F11); the case suggestion and the login (B1 F5, F10); the browse by tags and methods (B1 F8); the featured cases, the Lunafil strike among them (B1 F9); the two labor waves, the student anti-sweatshop and living-wage movements (B2 F14), with five further waves; the wave a case carries on the map (B2 F15) and the wave button (B3 F25); the second purpose, comparative knowledge (B3 F22); the cases' reach, 'all continents and most countries' (B3 F20); the definition of nonviolent action and its author (B4 F30, F31, 'Lakey 2011c'); the review's 1.300+ entries and 40 events for its region (B4 F32), its methods of data collection (B4 F35) and its own date and author (B4 F36); the Policy Commons snippet (B5 F37); the blog's own description of the cases (B6 F39), the 2017 course (B6 F40) and the live-cinema use (B6 F41). Limit dropped: T1-1 composes the case studies without CNCR's restriction to 'campaigns that have reached a point of completion' (B3 F19) and the CNCR card's own 'completed' (F48); T1-5 composes the search and the map without the review's 'it seems that the data is not available for download' (B4 F34); T1-6 composes the founding and the collaboration without the review's 'As of summer 2024, it is not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing' (B4 F33). Substituted reading: T1-4's 'Tracks specific historical movements like the U.S. Civil Rights Movement' composes the waves as movements the database tracks; on card 3 'the case studies included are indeed, campaigns, and not movements', with 'the civil rights movement' named as 'not included' (B3 F17), and a wave is a grouping of campaigns whose button finds cases (B3 F25; B2 F15). Two claims joined in one sentence: T1-2 joins the home page's '400+ years covered' (B1 F3) to CNCR's single case from 'ancient Egypt, 12th century BCE' (B3 F24), as the Capture Registry finds (CAP-1-04); each figure is a card's, and the home page's '400+' is open at its upper end. Composed without attribution: none at a source's resolution without markers; the definition's author, George Lakey, cited on card 4 ('Lakey 2011a', 'Lakey 2011c'), is named nowhere in T. Content replaced by use: T1-7, the closing offer. Outside the cards: 'hosted by' (B1: 'a project of'); 'substantial' research contributions (no field claim measures them); 'tactic' (the cards give 'action method used', B3 F24, and 'Browse Methods', B1 F8). Not surfaced, admitted to B by the operator's ruling: Wikipedia, whose title for the name redirects to George Lakey (B7 F42, F46), with 'over 1,000 researched cases from nearly 200 countries' (F43), 'includes a narrative for each case' (F44), 'Developed by Lakey with Swarthmore College and other university students' (F45) and the database's cases cited for its developer's own campaigns (F47). Of the cards' 42 readable claims, T composes 14 at their grain or coarser.", "T_vs_LB_reading": "v0.9 §0.5: the first diff is ontological and narrow. T and the field agree on the entity (Swarthmore's database of nonviolent action campaigns). T composes the database's scale, clusters, waves, search and origin, and leaves out what the field says of its unit and its bounds: the campaign as the unit, with movements excluded, in whose place it composes the waves as movements the database tracks; the restriction to completed campaigns; the license, the limitations page, the download limit and the doubt about continuation; and the person, cited on its own card as the definition's author, to whom the encyclopedia's title for the name leads.", "LB_vs_LBA": "Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the census's question and its anchor (ML-26, ML-27) and the record's answer for the database, field by field with its basis (ML-01–ML-25): its kind, its unit and its kind of evidence (ML-01, ML-05, ML-06), the archive's reading of the case as the unit that carries a campaign's course in prose (ML-18), the tags that keep it apart from a labor dataset, a database of movements and an event count (ML-22–ML-24), whose record it keeps and who holds it (ML-08, ML-09), its losing side 'not recorded' (ML-10), held beside CNCR's completion rule (F19); #1725's account of what a case record shows, how conflict ends (O1725-01, O1725-02), its limit, frequency unmeasured (O1725-03), set beside the census's 'does not answer' (ML-17), and the decisive variable, the losing position with its organ, holder and route (O1725-04); labor action as the census's area (ML-04, ML-28), the work stoppage against which the archive defines its semantic strike (O1438-01), and the general strike read as the verb withdrawn from the noun's owner (O1668-01, O1668-02), placed after the field's labor cases (F9, F14); the lifecycle 'active' (ML-21) held beside the review's doubt (F33); and the Capture Registry's account of the composition at the name (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-10). Not surfaced: every archive source; no card cites the census record (the cards are the database's own pages and four third parties, CAP-1-07).", "alignment": { "T1_cards_claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F48" ], "T1_composed": [ "F2", "F3", "F12", "F13", "F16", "F18", "F21", "F23", "F24", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F38" ], "T1_outside_cards": [ "'hosted by' (B1 F2 gives 'a project of')", "'substantial research contributions' (no field claim measures the students' share; B6 F38, F40 and B7 F45 state that students write and develop it)", "'tactic' (B3 F24 'action method used'; B1 F8 'Browse Methods')", "'Tracks specific historical movements' (B3 F17 excludes movements; B2 F13 names waves 'Movement' and 'Campaigns', B3 F25 a wave of campaigns)" ], "rule": "a field claim counts as composed when T states it at its source's grain or coarser; the typology of what is not is in T_vs_LB" } }, "kernel": [ { "K": "K1", "claim": "`O1725-01`", "source": "#1725", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the case record: how conflict ends", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K2", "claim": "`O1725-02`", "source": "#1725", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the case record: how conflict ends", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K3", "claim": "`O1725-03`", "source": "#1725", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the case record: how conflict ends", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K4", "claim": "`O1725-04`", "source": "#1725", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "what the record keeps: the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K5", "claim": "`O1438-01`", "source": "#1438", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "labor action: the strike", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K6", "claim": "`O1668-01`", "source": "#1668", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "labor action: the strike", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K7", "claim": "`O1668-02`", "source": "#1668", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "labor action: the strike", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K8", "claim": "`CAP-1-01`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K9", "claim": "`CAP-1-02`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K10", "claim": "`CAP-1-03`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K11", "claim": "`CAP-1-04`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "the composition's own sentence (T1-2) against the cards' two figures (F3, F24)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K12", "claim": "`CAP-1-05`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "the composition's waves (T1-4) against the unit rule (F17)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K13", "claim": "`CAP-1-06`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "the composition (T1) against the license and limitations page (F4, F7)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K14", "claim": "`CAP-1-07`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K15", "claim": "`CAP-1-08`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K16", "claim": "`CAP-1-09`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K17", "claim": "`CAP-1-10`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K18", "claim": "`ML-01`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what it is: a database of cases of nonviolent action campaigns", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K19", "claim": "`ML-02`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "operator: Swarthmore College", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K20", "claim": "`ML-03`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what it is: a database of cases of nonviolent action campaigns", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K21", "claim": "`ML-04`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "labor action: the census area", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K22", "claim": "`ML-05`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the case record: how conflict ends", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K23", "claim": "`ML-06`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the unit: campaigns, not movements", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K24", "claim": "`ML-07`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "labor cases", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K25", "claim": "`ML-08`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the record asks and answers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K26", "claim": "`ML-09`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "terms and access", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K27", "claim": "`ML-10`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "what the record keeps: the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "the census's 'not recorded' beside CNCR's 'campaigns that have reached a point of completion' (F19); the field has no claim on failed campaigns or splits", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K28", "claim": "`ML-11`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "limits, coding and method", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K29", "claim": "`ML-12`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "scale and coverage", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "coverage held (P_coh): 100+ countries (F3) beside 'nearly 200 countries' (F43)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K30", "claim": "`ML-13`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "scale and coverage", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "count held (P_coh): 1,200+ (B1 F3) beside 1.300+ (F32) and over 1,000 (F16, F43)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K31", "claim": "`ML-14`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "scale and coverage", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K32", "claim": "`ML-15`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "limits, coding and method", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K33", "claim": "`ML-16`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the record asks and answers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K34", "claim": "`ML-17`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the record asks and answers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K35", "claim": "`ML-18`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the case record: how conflict ends", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K36", "claim": "`ML-19`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "terms and access", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K37", "claim": "`ML-20`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "terms and access", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K38", "claim": "`ML-21`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "lifecycle and use", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "contradiction held (P_coh): the census's 'active' beside the review's 'not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing' (F33)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K39", "claim": "`ML-22`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "labor action: the census area", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K40", "claim": "`ML-23`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the unit: campaigns, not movements", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K41", "claim": "`ML-24`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the case record: how conflict ends", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K42", "claim": "`ML-25`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "what the record asks and answers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K43", "claim": "`ML-26`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the record keeps: the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K44", "claim": "`ML-27`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the record keeps: the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K45", "claim": "`ML-28`", "source": "maryleelabor record", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "labor action: the census area", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' (ADDR-19350d754391) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" } ], "kernel_T": [ { "claim": "F17", "note": "the unit rule, campaigns and not movements, with its examples, absent; T composes the waves as movements tracked" }, { "claim": "F19", "note": "the restriction to campaigns that have reached a point of completion, absent" }, { "claim": "F4", "note": "the license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 on card 1, absent (CAP-1-06)" }, { "claim": "F7", "note": "the limitations page on card 1's menu, absent (CAP-1-06)" }, { "claim": "F14", "note": "the two labor waves, absent from T's list of five" }, { "claim": "F9", "note": "the featured labor case, the Lunafil strike, absent" }, { "claim": "F30", "note": "the definition of nonviolent action (Lakey 2011c), absent, its author unnamed" }, { "claim": "F33", "note": "the review's doubt that collection continues, absent" }, { "claim": "F34", "note": "the review's 'not available for download', absent" }, { "claim": "F6", "note": "the menu page 'Campaigns, Not Movements', on a card only (CAP-1-05)" } ], "ledger": { "archive": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/gnad/ledger-archive.json", "field": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/gnad/field.json", "selection": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/gnad/", "config": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/panel/configs/gnad.json", "intake": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/", "audit": null }, "ontology": { "composition": "equal", "composition_note": "equal-terms case (v0.9 §0.9, §4.1): one claim space; the field's and the archive's claims ordered together by the entity's dependency and by genealogy within each sense; nothing translated; ML-21 beside F33, ML-13 beside F32/F43, ML-10 beside F19 held under P_coh", "case": { "value": "equal", "statement": "The archive reads the field's entity as the entity. The maryleelabor census record describes the database from its home page, each field with its basis ('operator'), and answers for it the census's question, whose record it keeps, who holds it and whether it keeps the losing side in a form that could be taken up later; its reading of its own, ml_reading, takes the case as the unit that carries a campaign's course in prose, which an event count does not, which is the field's own account of the case (B3 F23: a database file and 'the narrative describing the struggle as an unfolding story') carried to the census's question. The capture record checks the composition against the database's pages. No deposit names the entity. The deposits bear on the classes the field sources for it and add senses and limits on the field's own object: the case record shows how conflict ends where a count measures how much there is, and leaves its pattern's frequency unmeasured (#1725); the decisive variable of a record of disputes is the losing position, kept with an organ, a holder and a route (#1725, the census's anchor); labor action, the census's area for it, is the work stoppage the archive defines its semantic strike against (#1438) and the general strike it reads as the verb withdrawn from the noun's owner (#1668). #1438's table sets the archive's sense beside the work stoppage and does not contest it. No defining paper contests the field's ontology of the entity or supplies one the field lacks: ρ = extends, the equal-terms case (§0.9, §1.2a).", "loci": [ { "dep": 1725, "locus": "§ The infighting charge counts conflict; the record shows how conflict ends (p8)", "quote": "At the level of mechanics the case record tells a different story. Disagreement is constant. What varies is the ending, and the endings fall into a small number of forms." }, { "dep": 1725, "locus": "§ What the evidence says against the hypothesis (p15)", "quote": "The pattern is strong across the cases examined. Its frequency across the left as a whole is unmeasured." }, { "dep": 1725, "locus": "Conclusion (p138)", "quote": "The decisive variable in the record is what happens to the losing position after the decision." }, { "dep": 1438, "locus": "§2.2 What it is not (p46)", "quote": "| **Who acts** | Workers against an employer | Cross-substrate; the notice addresses machine readers first |" }, { "dep": 1668, "locus": "§4.6 (p61)", "quote": "The general strike is the verb withdrawn from the noun's owner." }, { "dep": "ML", "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'gnad'].ml_reading", "quote": "none stated. The archive reads the case as the unit that carries a campaign's course in prose, which an event count does not; whether a case keeps a defeated tactic or a split inside the campaign is not shown in the saved pages." }, { "dep": "ML", "locus": "census.json organizing_question", "quote": "Whose record does it keep, who holds it, and does it keep the losing side in a form that could be taken up later?" }, { "dep": "capture-registry", "locus": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031, analysis s2", "quote": "The composition joins the database's stated range to an older case in one sentence, and leaves out the database's own statement of its unit, limits and license." } ] }, "E_F": { "type": "C (public entity: a database of case studies of nonviolent action campaigns)", "definition": "the database of Swarthmore College, 'a project of Swarthmore College, including the Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility' (home page), since 2011 (CNCR), developed by George Lakey with Swarthmore and other university students (Wikipedia, George Lakey, the title's redirect) and added to by students of the Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle seminar (the blog); whose unit is the campaign, the civil rights movement excluded and the Montgomery Bus Boycott a case (CNCR; the menu's 'Campaigns, Not Movements'), each case a database file with searchable fields and a narrative (CNCR), grouped into waves on a case map, two of them labor waves (case map); researching campaigns that have reached a point of completion (CNCR), 1,200+ cases in 100+ countries over 400+ years (home page; 1.300+ entries in the 2025 review, nearly 200 countries in the encyclopedia), from a case of ancient Egypt to 2019, sorted into six issue clusters; defining nonviolent action as a technique of struggle beyond institutionalized procedures, descriptively (Lakey 2011c, as the review quotes it); licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, viewable and, as the review has it, 'it seems' not downloadable, its continuation unclear as of summer 2024 (Discuss Data); with no Wikipedia article of its own", "claims": [ "F2", "F27", "F45", "F42", "F38", "F40", "F6", "F17", "F23", "F13", "F14", "F19", "F3", "F32", "F43", "F24", "F28", "F26", "F30", "F31", "F4", "F34", "F33" ] }, "E_A": { "definition": "the same database, in the maryleelabor census record and the archive's deposits: a 'database of case studies of nonviolent action campaigns, browsable by case, tag, method and map', entered under labor action with the case record as its kind of evidence and the campaign as its unit, kept apart from a labor dataset, a database of movements and an event count; whose record is 'the record of nonviolent campaigns, written up as cases', held by Swarthmore College under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, its losing side 'not recorded'; read by the archive as the unit that carries a campaign's course in prose, which an event count does not; its kind, the case record, holding what a count of conflict cannot, how conflict ends, and leaving the frequency of its pattern unmeasured, with the losing position the decisive variable of any record of disputes (#1725); its area, labor action, the work stoppage the archive sets beside its semantic strike (#1438) and the general strike it reads in its terms of noun and verb (#1668); whose composition at its own name leaves out its unit, its limits and its license (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31)", "claims": [ "ML-01", "ML-04", "ML-05", "ML-06", "ML-22", "ML-23", "ML-24", "ML-08", "ML-09", "ML-10", "ML-18", "O1725-01", "O1725-02", "O1725-03", "O1725-04", "O1438-01", "O1668-01", "CAP-1-03" ], "defining_papers": [ 1725, 1438, 1668 ], "defining_records": [ "maryleelabor left-and-labor census record (census.json rows[slug == 'gnad'], organizing_question, anchor, areas; rendered aggregators/gnad/index.html; editor Lee Sharks, compiled 2026-10-31, schema 1.0)", "Capture Registry global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031 (OBS-40ab38014d36)" ] }, "rho": { "value": "extends", "status": "read from the maryleelabor census record, the capture record and the deposits that bear on the entity's classes (§1.2a); no deposit names the entity; #1438 sets the archive's own semantic strike beside the conventional work stoppage ('What it is not'), without contesting it", "statement": "The archive reads the Global Nonviolent Action Database as its own pages and the field present it and adds, on the field's own object: what its kind of record, the case, shows that a count of conflict does not, how conflict ends, and the limit that leaves the frequency of a case record's pattern unmeasured; the census's question of the losing side, with the anchor's account of the losing position as the decisive variable of a record of disputes; the reading of labor action, the census's area for it, as the work stoppage set beside the semantic strike and the general strike as labor withdrawn from its owner; the census's answer, field by field, to whose record it keeps and who holds it; and the composition layer's omission, at its name, of its unit, limits and license.", "claims": [ "O1725-01", "O1725-02", "O1725-03", "O1725-04", "ML-26", "ML-10", "ML-18", "O1438-01", "O1668-01", "ML-08", "ML-09", "CAP-1-03" ], "guard": "ρ = extends claims an addition and no more (§1.2a). It does not make the field's sources wrong at their dates. Where an archive claim stands beside a field claim on the same point (ML-21, 'active', beside F33, the review's 'not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing'; ML-13's 1,200+ beside F32's 1.300+ and F43's 'nearly 200 countries'; ML-10's 'not recorded' beside F19's completion rule), both are composed under P_coh within the one ontology. The archive's class claims are claims on the class the field sources (F9, F14 for labor action; F23, F29 for the case record), never on the entity by the composer's judgment.", "considered": [ { "value": "constructs", "rejected": "the archive does not read the entity as made by reception; its records take the entity's own pages as its account" }, { "value": "revises", "rejected": "the entity is not the archive's own; the archive has no earlier statement of it to keep, narrow or withdraw" } ] }, "translation": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a database of cases of nonviolent action campaigns", "field_claims": [ "F1", "F16", "F28", "F39" ], "received": "F1 (B1, tagline): \"Powering Learning about Nonviolent Action\"; F16 (B3, ¶1): \"A database of over 1000 summaries of nonviolent campaigns worldwide.\"; F28 (B4, Description, s1–2): \"The Global Nonviolent Action Database is a project of the Swarthmore College. It reports on cases of nonviolent protest actions taken across the globe (100+ countries) (1), including cases dating back as far as the 12th century BCE all the way up to 2019 (Lakey 2011a).\"; F39 (B6, excerpt of 'New cases added to the Global Nonviolent Action Database'): \"The Global Nonviolent Action Database presents cases of nonviolent civil resistance from around the world, spanning decades and even hundreds of years. Data is provided in a narrative format\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-01, ML-03", "archive_claims": [ "ML-01", "ML-03" ] }, { "lineage": "operator: Swarthmore College", "field_claims": [ "F2" ], "received": "F2 (B1, footer): \"The Global Nonviolent Action Database is a project of Swarthmore College, including the Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-02", "archive_claims": [ "ML-02" ] }, { "lineage": "the unit: campaigns, not movements", "field_claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F48" ], "received": "F6 (B1, Main Menu, About): \"Campaigns, Not Movements\"; F17 (B3, ¶1): \"It is important to note that the case studies included are indeed, campaigns, and not movements. For example, “the civil rights movement” is not included, but the Montgomery Bus Boycott is a case, as is the Nashville Sit-in of 1960.\"; F48 (B3, card snippet): \"contains over 1,000 completed nonviolent campaign case studies globally, excluding broad moveme...\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-06, ML-23, CAP-1-05", "archive_claims": [ "ML-06", "ML-23", "CAP-1-05" ] }, { "lineage": "the case: a database file and a narrative", "field_claims": [ "F23", "F29", "F44" ], "received": "F23 (B3, purpose 2): \"Each case is presented in two formats: the database file (with searchable fields) and the narrative describing the struggle as an unfolding story.\"; F29 (B4, Description, s3): \"The dataset takes the form of both case studies as well as a more visual representation in the form of an interactive map (1).\"; F44 (B7, Works, Internet Development and Writing): \"Searchable, and includes a narrative for each case.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-05, ML-18, ML-24", "archive_claims": [ "ML-05", "ML-18", "ML-24" ] }, { "lineage": "waves of campaigns and the case map", "field_claims": [ "F12", "F13", "F15", "F25" ], "received": "F12 (B2, title and filter): \"Nonviolent Action Case Map … Filter by Wave of Campaign\"; F13 (B2, Filter by Wave of Campaign): \"Latin American Democracy Campaigns (1944) … Anti-Nuclear Power Movement (1960s-1980s) … Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement (2010 - ) … South Africa Apartheid Divestment Movement (1970s-1980s) … U.S. Civil Rights Movement (1950s-1960s) … Asian Democracy Campaigns (1980s) … Soviet Bloc Independence Campaigns (1989-1991) … African Democracy Campaigns (early 1990s) … Colour Revolutions (2000s) … Arab Awakening (2011)\"; F15 (B2, case list): \"University of Arizona students campaign against sweatshop-produced apparel, 1997-1999 … Campaign Wave … Student Anti-Sweatshop Labor Movement (1990s - 2010s)\"; F25 (B3, purpose 2): \"Some cases are part of a “wave” of campaigns, such as the “Arab Awakening” of 2011; by pressing each “wave” button one can find cases.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-23", "archive_claims": [ "ML-23" ] }, { "lineage": "scale and coverage", "field_claims": [ "F3", "F20", "F24", "F32", "F43" ], "received": "F3 (B1, Geographical Mapping of Campaigns): \"1,200+ cases … 100+ countries … 400+ years covered\"; F20 (B3, purpose 1): \"The cases are drawn from all continents and most countries.\"; F24 (B3, purpose 2): \"The database supports searches by country, by issue, by action method used, and even by year — there is a case from ancient Egypt, 12th century BCE!\"; F32 (B4, Description, ¶2 s1): \"Of the 1.300+ total entries in this dataset, there are 40 events listed for the countries of Eastern Europe, South Caucasus and Central Asia covered by Discuss Data.\"; F43 (B7, Works, Internet Development and Writing): \"over 1,000 researched cases from nearly 200 countries with focus on campaigns back to ancient Egypt that used nonviolent direct action.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-12, ML-13, ML-14, CAP-1-04", "archive_claims": [ "ML-12", "ML-13", "ML-14", "CAP-1-04" ] }, { "lineage": "completed campaigns", "field_claims": [ "F19" ], "received": "F19 (B3, purpose 1): \"We research campaigns that have reached a point of completion.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-10, O1725-04", "archive_claims": [ "ML-10", "O1725-04" ] }, { "lineage": "issue clusters", "field_claims": [ "F21", "F26" ], "received": "F21 (B3, purpose 1): \"People are shown struggling for human rights, economic justice, democracy, national and ethnic identity, environmental sustainability, and peace.\"; F26 (B3, clusters): \"Each campaign is sorted in one (or several) issue “clusters”. Those clusters are: … Democracy … Economic justice … Environment … Human rights (including free practice of religion, women’s rights) … National / ethnic identity (including anti-colonial struggles) … Peace\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-01", "archive_claims": [ "CAP-1-01" ] }, { "lineage": "nonviolent action defined", "field_claims": [ "F30", "F31" ], "received": "F30 (B4, Description, s4 (quoting Lakey 2011c)): \"“[A] technique of struggle that goes beyond institutionalized conflict procedures like law courts and voting, procedures common in many countries. We study the methods of protest, noncooperation, and intervention that typically heighten a conflict – and the use of these methods without the threat or use of injurious force to others.\"; F31 (B4, Description, s4 (quoting Lakey 2011c)): \"Our definition is not located in the discourse of morality and ethics, although some people may choose to use nonviolent action for ethical reasons. Instead, we focus descriptively on what people do when they use this specific ‘technique of struggle.’” (Lakey 2011c).\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim on the lineage)", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "purposes: free access and comparative knowledge", "field_claims": [ "F18", "F22", "F37" ], "received": "F18 (B3, purpose 1): \"provide free access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action for learning and for citizen action.\"; F22 (B3, purpose 2): \"make available comparative information that will support researchers and writers to develop strategic knowledge and theory.\"; F37 (B5, card snippet): \"This database provides access to information about hundreds of cases of nonviolent action fo...\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim on the lineage)", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "origin and makers: 2011, George Lakey and students", "field_claims": [ "F27", "F38", "F40", "F45" ], "received": "F27 (B3, byline): \"A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present\"; F38 (B6, excerpt of 'New cases added to the Global Nonviolent Action Database'): \"Seventy-six new cases have been added to the Global Nonviolent Action Database by students in the spring semester Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle course at Swarthmore College.\"; F40 (B6, excerpt of 'Spring 2017 course: Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle'): \"Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle is a research seminar and writing course that contributes to the widely recognized Global Nonviolent Action Database, which is housed at Swarthmore College.\"; F45 (B7, Works, Internet Development and Writing): \"Developed by Lakey with Swarthmore College and other university students, with Swarthmore's Peace and Conflict Studies, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim on the lineage)", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "labor cases", "field_claims": [ "F9", "F14" ], "received": "F9 (B1, Featured Case Studies): \"Macalester students stage sit-in to oppose sweatshop apparel, 2000 … Guatemalan workers at Lunafil strike … Transgender activists end policy of gender markers on Philadelphia public transit\"; F14 (B2, Filter by Wave of Campaign): \"Student Anti-Sweatshop Labor Movement (1990s - 2010s) … Student Living Wage Movement (late 1990s - mid 2000s)\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-07, ML-22, ML-28, O1438-01, O1668-01", "archive_claims": [ "ML-07", "ML-22", "ML-28", "O1438-01", "O1668-01" ] }, { "lineage": "terms and access", "field_claims": [ "F4", "F5", "F8", "F10", "F34" ], "received": "F4 (B1, footer, license): \"The Global Nonviolent Action Database is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license unless otherwise noted.\"; F5 (B1, footer, login): \"Registered users can login to the website.\"; F8 (B1, Main Menu, Cases and Methods): \"Browse Cases … Browse Cases by Tags … View Cases on Map … Browse Methods\"; F10 (B1, Main Menu, Contact): \"Suggest a Case\"; F34 (B4, Description, ¶3 s2): \"However, while the data is freely viewable on the website, it seems that the data is not available for download.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-08, ML-09, ML-19, ML-20, CAP-1-06", "archive_claims": [ "ML-08", "ML-09", "ML-19", "ML-20", "CAP-1-06" ] }, { "lineage": "limits, coding and method", "field_claims": [ "F7", "F11", "F35" ], "received": "F7 (B1, Main Menu, About): \"Limitations of the Database\"; F11 (B1, Main Menu, About): \"Coding Definitions … How to Cite Cases … Who Made the Database?\"; F35 (B4, Methods of data collection): \"Methods of data collection … Desk Research … Event Data … Text Coding\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-10, ML-11, ML-15, CAP-1-06", "archive_claims": [ "ML-10", "ML-11", "ML-15", "CAP-1-06" ] }, { "lineage": "lifecycle and use", "field_claims": [ "F33", "F41" ], "received": "F33 (B4, Description, ¶2 s2): \"As of summer 2024, it is not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing.\"; F41 (B6, excerpt of 'Animating Resistance'): \"Animating Resistance: Live Cinema Explorations of the Global Nonviolent Action Database Prof. Ali Momeni, Carnegie Mellon University\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-21", "archive_claims": [ "ML-21" ] }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia and the review", "field_claims": [ "F36", "F42", "F46", "F47" ], "received": "F36 (B4, header): \"Review of Swarthmore College (2011): Global Nonviolent Action Database … Version 1.0, published: May 8, 2025. … Nathalie Rathkamp\"; F42 (B7, redirect): \"(Redirected from Global Nonviolent Action Database)\"; F46 (B7, lead): \"George Russell Lakey (born November 2, 1937) is an activist, sociologist, and writer who added academic underpinning to the concept of nonviolent revolution.\"; F47 (B7, References): \"\"Puerto Ricans expel United States Navy from Culebra Island, 1970–1974 – Global Nonviolent Action Database\" … \"Earth Quaker Action Team Campaigns Against PNC Bank for Financing Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining 2010–2015 – Global Nonviolent Action Database\"\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim on the lineage)", "archive_claims": [] } ], "receiving_texts": "equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with" }, "measure": { "rule": "v0.9 §4.10: KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as apply_v09.py does: difflib.SequenceMatcher ratio, the best KO sentence for each KO_B sentence)", "v0.9": { "surviving": 0, "of": 14, "positions": [ null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null ] }, "opening_run": { "rule": "v0.9 §5.10 (equal-terms case): the field-only KO's sentences as the KO's opening run in their own order", "breach": false }, "blocks": { "rule": "v0.9 §4.1 (equal-terms and mixed cases): the KO does not open with the field as a block or close with the archive as one; sentences typed by the ledgers of the claims they cite (F field-only, A archive-only, M both)", "sequence": "MFAMFFAAAMFFFFFFFFFMAAMMAMMMAA", "field_only_head": 0, "archive_only_tail": 2, "breach": false }, "max_similarity": [ 0.649, 0.133, 0.39, 0.536, 0.549, 0.224, 0.464, 0.59, 0.389, 0.525, 0.088, 0.354, 0.134, 0.108 ], "ko_sentence_1_max_similarity_to_KO_B": 0.649 }, "homonyms": { "names": [], "basis": "The census row carries no disambiguation field. No card is a homonym, and T composes no other entity under the name. 'GNAD' and 'nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu' are the census's other names for the entity (ML-03). The encyclopedia's title for the name redirects to George Lakey (B7 F42): the redirect makes a person's article the encyclopedia's entry for the name, and the person, whom the field names as the database's developer (F45), stays a distinct entity, never a sense of the name. The distinct entities below are named by the field or the census beside the entity.", "distinct_entities": [ "George Lakey (person), activist, sociologist and writer, who developed the database with students (B7 F45, F46) and whose definition the review quotes (B4 F30, 'Lakey 2011c'); the Wikipedia title 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' redirects to his article (B7 F42)", "Swarthmore College and its Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility, its operator (B1 F2)", "the Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle course, the research seminar whose students add cases (B6 F38, F40)", "the Center for Nonviolent Conflict Research (CNCR, ICNC), whose resource library describes it (B3)", "Discuss Data (Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen and Göttingen State and University Library), whose review of 8 May 2025 by Nathalie Rathkamp is card 4 (B4 F36)", "Policy Commons, the card-5 host (B5)", "the movements whose campaigns its waves group (the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, the student anti-sweatshop and living-wage movements and others, B2 F13, F14), which the database's unit rule keeps apart from its cases (B3 F17)" ], "substitutes": { "T": [] }, "register": { "address_1": { "slug": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031", "obs_id": "OBS-40ab38014d36" } } }, "notes": [ "One address, Google AI Overview (expanded), signed out, incognito, 2026-10-31: global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031 (OBS-40ab38014d36, ADDR-19350d754391, AXN:0B5E.CAPTURE.🕑🌃🟢🌊♻️🔜), six cards, 165 words in the answer body and a closing offer. A NEW address (CAP-1-08); the census record was compiled the same day and no card cites it.", "Fetching: every reachable page saved verbatim with curl and the census agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; maryleelabor-left-census)' on 2026-10-31 between 22:58 and 23:01 UTC, raw and text with sha256 in field.json. Card URLs: B1 from the card's site and title (byte-identical to the census's saved copy gnad--home, so carried once, as a card); B2 from the site's own menu ('/map'); B3 by WebSearch on title and site; B4 by an extended WebSearch on the snippet after a first search found nothing; B5 confirmed by an extended WebSearch; B6 the tag page whose title is the card's, verbatim, found through the snippet's post (the post's old host failed TLS and its new address reset the connection; the tag page carries the snippet as its last excerpt). The census's own page gnad--home is B1; its About page (connection reset) and /about (HTTP 404) are unread and were not refetched.", "Unreachable: B5, Policy Commons, refused the census agent with a bot check (HTTP 403, 'Just a moment...'); not retried with another agent string or by another route. Its snippet stands (F37).", "Card snippets: the registry's cite_list carries snip null and url null for all six cards; the transcript's rail as pasted carries each card's snippet, and the field ledger takes the snippets from the transcript's rail. The CNCR card's snippet ('Overview: … contains over 1,000 completed nonviolent campaign case studies globally, excluding broad moveme...') is not in CNCR's page text; it is ledgered as the card's own text (F48).", "The archive subset: no archive text names the database, GNAD, its host or George Lakey (D 0, R 0). The string pass returned 262 O-class candidates in 162 deposits, nearly all 'case study' in the archive's own sense; a class scan over every text (46 sentences in 20 texts for the nonviolent-action, labor-action and narrowed case-record patterns) was read at its passages, and #1725 was read at the passages substitution 8 names. Admitted: #1725 (O-class, case records; the census's anchor), #1438 and #1668 (O-class, labor action), with #1438's disambiguation line grouped as an instance (S4); #1668's admitted sentences were found only by the class scan. The hop (60 candidates) admitted none. The first class, nonviolent action campaigns, has one archive sentence (#469), read and rejected.", "Defects and gaps in the maryleelabor census record (reported, not fixed): (a) lifecycle 'active' rests on the site answering on 2026-10-31; the Discuss Data review of 8 May 2025 (card 4) writes 'As of summer 2024, it is not clear whether work on the data collection is continuing' (F33); the record does not carry the doubt, and its 'update dates are not recorded in the saved text' stands. (b) method: 'how cases are researched and written is not recorded in the saved text'; the field records it: cases are written by students of the Strategy and Nonviolent Struggle research seminar (B6 F38, F40), developed by George Lakey with students (B7 F45), researched for 'campaigns that have reached a point of completion' (B3 F19), with desk research, event data and text coding as the review's methods (B4 F35). (c) losing_side: B3's completion rule (F19) bears on the census's question (cases are of completed campaigns; whether failed campaigns are kept is still not stated); the record's 'not recorded' stands. (d) No founded or maker field: the field gives 2011 (B3 F27; the review's title 'Swarthmore College (2011)') and George Lakey (B4, B7). (e) count and coverage: the record's 1,200+ cases and 100+ countries are the home page's; the review gives 1.300+ entries (F32), the encyclopedia over 1,000 cases from nearly 200 countries (F43), CNCR over 1000 (F16). (f) data_access does not record the review's 'it seems that the data is not available for download' (F34). (g) The census row has no disambiguation field. No field of the record is contradicted by the fetched sources on the entity's identity, operator, unit, license or access as its own home page states them.", "Observations on the capture (reported, not fixed): (a) findings[0] ('THE RANGE IN ONE SENTENCE') is borne out as a description of T1-2; the field carries both figures, the home page's open-ended '400+ years covered' (B1 F3) and the ancient-Egyptian case of the 12th century BCE (B3 F24; B4 F28), so the sentence joins two sourced claims and contradicts neither. (b) findings[1] ('THE UNIT KEPT ON A CARD') holds: the menu page's title (B1 F6) and CNCR's statement of the rule (B3 F17) are absent from the body; the capture does not name T1-4's 'Tracks specific historical movements like the U.S. Civil Rights Movement', which composes the reading the rule excludes ('“the civil rights movement” is not included'). (c) findings[2] holds (B1 F4, F7). (d) The findings do not name what the field ledger shows T leaving out of its own cards: the restriction to completed campaigns (B3 F19, and 'completed' on the CNCR card, F48), the two labor waves and the featured labor case (B2 F14; B1 F9), the definition's author cited on card 4 (B4 F30, 'Lakey 2011c'), and the review's limits on download and continuation (B4 F33, F34). (e) The registry's cite_list has snip and url null for every card while its transcript carries the snippets (a defect of the entry's card records). The reading and the analysis are borne out by the field.", "The home page's license logo has the alt text 'Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0 License logo' beside its text's 4.0 (B1.html); a defect of the source page, recorded, not ledgered.", "Related rows: none. The census row has no relations. The composition is on Google AI Overview, whose row is datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/google-ai-overviews.json (not edited)." ], "composition_v09": { "source": "this row (composed directly; no rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v09/gnad.json)", "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-10-31", "defining_material_read": [ { "what": "maryleelabor census record, row", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/data/left-census/census.json (rows[slug == 'gnad'], organizing_question, anchor, areas, schema_note, unread_sources)", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "maryleelabor census row file", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/data/left-census/rows/gnad.py", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "maryleelabor census record, rendered", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/aggregators/gnad/index.html", "read": "text, for agreement with the row" }, { "what": "census sources", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/data/left-census/sources/gnad--home.*, gnad--about.txt (empty), gnad--about2.* (not-found page); sources/manifest.json", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "capture record", "file": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json (global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031)", "read": "transcript, transcript_raw, cite_list, d, mt, reading, findings, analysis, q_kind, per_note, per_dim, originator, notes" }, { "dep": 1725, "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B50-text.md", "read": "the summary (p2–5), § The infighting charge counts conflict (p6–14), § What the evidence says against the hypothesis (p15–16), § What held critique (whole), § Gaps and next instruments, Conclusion (whole)" }, { "dep": 1438, "file": "data/texts/AXN-05C2-text.md", "read": "§2.2 What it is not (p44–48) and §5 AI Indexing Metadata (p88)" }, { "dep": 1668, "file": "data/texts/AXN-06EA-text.md", "read": "§4.5–4.8 (p60–63) and §4.20–4.21 (p75–76)" }, { "what": "the specification", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0700-text.md", "read": "§0–§6 whole; the rest by its headings" }, { "what": "the briefs", "file": "rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LEFT.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LABOR.md, BRIEF.md (Compose), BRIEF-NEW-ROW-PROVENANCE.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "exemplar rows", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/turkopticon.json (with its ledgers, config and reading.json)", "read": "structure and key objects" } ], "cuts": [], "notes": "equal case; KO 30 sentences, 48 of 48 field and 45 of 45 archive claims cited; P body 333 words; KO_B 14 sentences, 0 surviving at ≥ 0.95" }, "field_by_origin": { "cards": [ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ], "own_pages": [], "wikipedia": [ "B7" ], "census_third_party": [], "unreachable": [ "B5" ], "title_only": [ "B5" ], "own_pages_note": "the census's one saved own page, gnad--home, is card B1 (byte-identical), carried once as a card; its About page (gnad--about: connection reset, nothing saved) and /about (gnad--about2: HTTP 404, the site's not-found page) are unread (substitution 3), not refetched", "wikipedia_state": "redirect: 'Global Nonviolent Action Database' is a redirect to George Lakey (raw wikitext '#REDIRECT [[George Lakey]]', revision 841987564 of 2018-05-19; the rendered page '(Redirected from Global Nonviolent Action Database)'); the target (revision 1372450450, 2026-08-31) treats the database in its Works section, 'Internet Development and Writing', and cites its cases for Lakey's own campaigns; a full-text search of article space for the phrase returns 349 articles, most citing case pages of the database (2026-10-31)", "sources": [ { "id": "B1", "origin": "card", "n": 1, "site": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "title": "Global Nonviolent Action Database: Home", "url": "https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/", "kind": "Overview card (the database's home page); the census's own page gnad--home, byte-identical", "files": { "B1.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B1.html", "sha256": "c4ecffa2e4ca662a6b1cd3a7674507e09f99e24c0ab5a0636b2cf131736325a9" }, "B1.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B1.txt", "sha256": "edd471bc1f9eb48f81927ff98d85f948e54b71a0d66e6c05902f8ae0d271f6e2" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:58Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B1.html", "census_copy": { "src": "gnad--home", "sha256": "c4ecffa2e4ca662a6b1cd3a7674507e09f99e24c0ab5a0636b2cf131736325a9", "read": "2026-10-31", "http": "200", "fetched": "2026-10-31T21:28:02Z", "agrees": true, "copied_from": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/data/left-census/sources/gnad--home.txt (the census's text of the same bytes, as B1.txt)" }, "raw_sha256": "c4ecffa2e4ca662a6b1cd3a7674507e09f99e24c0ab5a0636b2cf131736325a9", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B1.txt" ] }, "names_operator": "yes ('a project of Swarthmore College, including the Peace and Conflict Studies Program, the Peace Collection, and the Lang Center for Civic and Social Responsibility')", "note": "URL from the card's site and title. The fetch is byte-identical to the census's saved copy gnad--home (sha256 c4ecffa2…, read the same day), so the card and the census's own page are one page, carried once, as a card; B1.txt is the census's text of the same bytes. The page carries no date. Its license logo's alt text reads 'Creative Commons BY-NC-ND 3.0 License logo' beside the text's 4.0 (B1.html; not ledgered).", "card": "Global Nonviolent Action Database — Global Nonviolent Action Database: Home", "card_snippet": "Geographical Mapping of Campaigns. 1,200+ cases. 100+ countries. 400+ years covered. View Campaigns on the Map. Screenshot of the GNAD map. Home. The Global Non...", "surfaced_by_T": [ { "slug": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031", "card": 1 } ], "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)", "role": "Overview card 1 (and the census own page gnad--home, byte-identical)", "card_title": "Global Nonviolent Action Database: Home", "card_note": null }, { "id": "B2", "origin": "card", "n": 2, "site": "Global Nonviolent Action Database", "title": "Nonviolent Action Case Map | Global Nonviolent Action Database", "url": "https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/map", "kind": "Overview card (the database's case map, with its filter by wave of campaign)", "files": { "B2.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B2.html", "sha256": "8a405e49065a24eddd810a70a029287d21c9e34fb013125ac0d8b465860b3bb2" }, "B2.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B2.txt", "sha256": "52d997890ea312d649fbd71f1822c44f2628c3035953beeaed5e73231fd010d0" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-10-31T22:59:30Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/map", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B2.html", "raw_sha256": "8a405e49065a24eddd810a70a029287d21c9e34fb013125ac0d8b465860b3bb2", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B2.txt" ] }, "names_operator": "no (the page names the database; the operator is in the site's footer only on other pages)", "note": "URL from the site's own menu ('/map', linked from the home page as 'View Cases on Map'); the page's title is the card's title. The card's snippet ('Campaign Waves: …') is Google's rendering of the page's 'Filter by Wave of Campaign' list. The page lists the map's cases (about 1,668 list rows in the HTML); the cases themselves are not read.", "card": "Global Nonviolent Action Database — Nonviolent Action Case Map | Global Nonviolent Action Database", "card_snippet": "Campaign Waves: Latin American Democracy (1944), Anti-Nuclear Power (1960s-1980s), Fossil Fuel Divestment (2010-), South Africa Apartheid Divestment (1970s-1980...", "surfaced_by_T": [ { "slug": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031", "card": 2 } ], "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)", "role": "Overview card 2", "card_title": "Nonviolent Action Case Map | Global Nonviolent Action Database", "card_note": null }, { "id": "B3", "origin": "card", "n": 3, "site": "www.nonviolent-conflict.org", "title": "Swarthmore College's Global Nonviolent Action Database | CNCR", "url": "https://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/resource/swarthmore-colleges-global-nonviolent-action-database/", "kind": "Overview card (the resource-library entry of the Center for Nonviolent Conflict Research, CNCR/ICNC; third party, reproducing the database's own description in its first person)", "files": { "B3.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B3.html", "sha256": "7c775be039cc58e7eaa9f38ef6ce4ff52bcb7402cc4be82a56d073146918a24d" }, "B3.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B3.txt", "sha256": "37d872aed695f98dd30037c49b057b5e0bfb4f0be2188469ea8aeeaf744e0d5a" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-10-31T22:59:31Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/resource/swarthmore-colleges-global-nonviolent-action-database/", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B3.html", "searches": [ "WebSearch '\"Swarthmore College's Global Nonviolent Action Database\" CNCR nonviolent-conflict.org' (the URL among the results)" ], "raw_sha256": "7c775be039cc58e7eaa9f38ef6ce4ff52bcb7402cc4be82a56d073146918a24d", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B3.txt" ] }, "names_operator": "yes ('A project of Swarthmore College, 2011-present')", "note": "The card's snippet ('Overview: … contains over 1,000 completed nonviolent campaign case studies globally, excluding broad moveme...') is not in the page's text; it is Google's description of the page and stands as the card's own text (ledgered from the snippet). The page's body speaks in the database's first person ('We research campaigns …'): CNCR reproduces the database's own description, which this row cannot check against the database's About page (unread: connection reset in the census's fetch).", "card": "www.nonviolent-conflict.org — Swarthmore College's Global Nonviolent Action Database | CNCR", "card_snippet": "Overview: Swarthmore College's Global Nonviolent Action Database contains over 1,000 completed nonviolent campaign case studies globally, excluding broad moveme...", "surfaced_by_T": [ { "slug": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031", "card": 3 } ], "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)", "role": "Overview card 3", "card_title": "Swarthmore College's Global Nonviolent Action Database | CNCR", "card_note": null }, { "id": "B4", "origin": "card", "n": 4, "site": "Discuss Data", "title": "Global Nonviolent Action Database - Discuss Data", "url": "https://discuss-data.net/dataset/65010eac-7372-4bdc-918a-c447333e2018/", "kind": "Overview card (a data review on Discuss Data, the Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen and Göttingen State and University Library: 'Review of Swarthmore College (2011): Global Nonviolent Action Database', Nathalie Rathkamp, version 1.0, 8 May 2025; third party)", "files": { "B4.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B4.html", "sha256": "f73d35327eecc8a3648e4443dd542d8f1cd9ba3c97a56c9f97bc014e5df46c2f" }, "B4.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B4.txt", "sha256": "95544727e0ef18edf3ddb61449565312538b59f6ad11a8ee006c6898dfb9d9f3" }, "B4-try1.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B4-try1.html", "sha256": "6dc0d3d553c4292c04e26a7d785981226b946f8697f685a36ab6c35945221705" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-10-31T23:00:41Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://discuss-data.net/dataset/65010eac-7372-4bdc-918a-c447333e2018/", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B4.html", "tries": [ { "at": "2026-10-31T22:59:33Z", "url": "https://discuss-data.net/search/?q=Global+Nonviolent+Action+Database", "http": 404, "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B4-try1.html", "result": "the site's 'Page not found' (no search at that path)" } ], "searches": [ "WebSearch 'discuss-data.net \"Global Nonviolent Action Database\" \"project of the Swarthmore College\"' (no result)", "WebSearch (extended) '\"Discuss Data\" \"Global Nonviolent Action Database\" reports on cases of nonviolent protest actions taken across the globe' (the URL among the results)" ], "raw_sha256": "f73d35327eecc8a3648e4443dd542d8f1cd9ba3c97a56c9f97bc014e5df46c2f", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B4.txt" ] }, "names_operator": "yes ('a project of the Swarthmore College')", "note": "The card's snippet is the review's Description, verbatim on the page. The page's title is the review's ('Review of Swarthmore College (2011): …'); the card gives the dataset's name.", "card": "Discuss Data — Global Nonviolent Action Database - Discuss Data", "card_snippet": "The Global Nonviolent Action Database is a project of the Swarthmore College. It reports on cases of nonviolent protest actions taken across the globe (100+ cou...", "surfaced_by_T": [ { "slug": "global-nonviolent-action-database-aio-20261031", "card": 4 } ], "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)", "role": "Overview card 4", "card_title": "Global Nonviolent Action Database - Discuss Data", "card_note": null }, { "id": "B5", "origin": "card", "n": 5, "site": "Policy Commons", "title": "GNAD: Global Nonviolent Action Database - Policy Commons", "url": "https://policycommons.net/orgs/global-nonviolent-action-database/", "kind": "Overview card (the Policy Commons organisation page for the database; unreachable)", "files": { "B5-403.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B5-403.html", "sha256": "d8019c86ff8b199e4d3303f059dfde2bd6c0ead8468e800d5ab9c560dbfa00d3" } }, "fetched": { "unreachable": true, "tries": [ { "at": "2026-10-31T22:59:32Z", "url": "https://policycommons.net/orgs/global-nonviolent-action-database/", "http": 403, "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/gnad-20261031/B5-403.html", "result": "a bot check ('Just a moment...', a Cloudflare challenge page) refusing the census agent; not retried with another agent string or by another route" }, { "at": "2026-10-31T22:59:33Z", "url": "https://policycommons.net/search/?q=Global%20Nonviolent%20Action%20Database", "http": 403, "result": "the same bot check (response not kept)" } ], "searches": [ "WebSearch 'policycommons.net GNAD Global Nonviolent Action Database \"hundreds of cases of nonviolent action\"' (no result)", "WebSearch (extended) 'policycommons.net \"Global Nonviolent Action Database\"' (the URL confirmed: 'GNAD: Global Nonviolent Action Database')" ], "note": "The organisation page refused the honest agent with a bot check (HTTP 403). 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