{ "row": "crowd-counting-consortium", "entity": "crowd-counting-consortium", "address": "Crowd Counting Consortium", "addresses": [ { "address": "Crowd Counting Consortium", "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031", "addr_id": "ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e", "obs_id": "OBS-1d7507d26f51", "axn": "AXN:0B5C.CAPTURE.🌌🗂️⚪✊🦋◀️" } ], "epoch": "2026-10-31", "type": "C (public entity on which the archive bears: a university project publishing a dataset of US protest events; an entity of the maryleelabor left-and-labor census, area labor action)", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "status": { "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690: equal case, ρ = extends, read from the maryleelabor census record, its anchor #1725 and the capture record; archive selected by D/R/O (no D or R candidate: no archive text names the entity; one O-class string candidate and five class matches read and rejected; #1725 admitted at O-class as the census's anchor, two claims; hop of 42 from #1725 read and rejected), with the maryleelabor census record (29 claims) and the Capture Registry's reading, analysis, findings, title, PER note, query note, description and originator (11 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B by origin (6 cards, 1 unreachable; the census's one own page is card 1; Wikipedia, no article); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta", "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 51/51 verified by script against saved text, the Wikipedia response summary or the card text; archive quotes 42/42 verified against the registry, census.json and the deposit text", "frozen": false, "breaches": [] }, "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9, #1690", "objects": { "T": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/T1-crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031.txt", "sha256": "8dc7b14b4e6c31ca698ce990afaef78614efc338434021748bd85c5deb38768e", "words": 193, "cards": 6, "words_note": "one transcript at one address (193 words in the answer body, links reduced to their text, markers, the paste note and the card rail excluded; no closing offer; 6 cards)", "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'a joint research project that tracks and collects public data on political protests, marches, rallies, strikes, and acts of civil disobedience across the United States.' (two markers)", "T1-2 leadership & origin: 'Co-founded in 2017 by Erica Chenoweth (Harvard University) and Jeremy Pressman (University of Connecticut) following the Women's March on Washington.' (two markers)", "T1-3 institutional home: 'Operated in partnership with the Nonviolent Action Lab at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation.' (one marker)", "T1-4 scope: 'Systematically logs public, nonviolent (and broader political) crowd events across all U.S. states and territories with no minimum size requirement. This includes historic movements such as the 2017 Women's March, 2018 March for Our Lives, 2020 Black Lives Matter protests, campus encampments, and subsequent political demonstrations.' (three markers)", "T1-5 scale: 'The project has tracked hundreds of thousands of individual demonstrations and rallies across the U.S. since 2017.' (one marker)", "T1-6 monthly data: 'Published regularly on Harvard Dataverse.' (one marker)", "T1-7 weekly updates: 'A compiled and augmented version of the dataset is updated weekly on Wednesdays via the Nonviolent Action Lab GitHub Repository.' (one marker)", "T1-8 interactive tools: 'You can explore data visuals and project updates directly through the Counting Crowds Website.' (one marker)" ], "register": { "register": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json", "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031", "obs_id": "OBS-1d7507d26f51" }, "transcripts": [ { "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031", "address": "Crowd Counting Consortium", "addr_id": "ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e", "obs_id": "OBS-1d7507d26f51", "axn": "AXN:0B5C.CAPTURE.🌌🗂️⚪✊🦋◀️", "date": "2026-10-31", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "sha256": "8dc7b14b4e6c31ca698ce990afaef78614efc338434021748bd85c5deb38768e", "sha256_of": "the registry's 'transcript' string (utf-8)", "sha256_raw": "ff909add486f2a35f7989ff1b4f68abbe8bbc1509ee15f78417024a954f76380", "words": 193, "cards": 6, "card_rail": [ "1. Harvard University — Crowd Counting Consortium – Ash Center", "2. Counting Crowds — About - Counting Crowds", "3. boB Rudis — Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data", "4. Counting Crowds — crowdcounters – Counting Crowds", "5. Policy Commons — Crowd Counting Consortium - Policy Commons", "6. X·crowdcounting — Crowd Counting (@crowdcounting) / X" ], "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'a joint research project that tracks and collects public data on political protests, marches, rallies, strikes, and acts of civil disobedience across the United States.' (two markers)", "T1-2 leadership & origin: 'Co-founded in 2017 by Erica Chenoweth (Harvard University) and Jeremy Pressman (University of Connecticut) following the Women's March on Washington.' (two markers)", "T1-3 institutional home: 'Operated in partnership with the Nonviolent Action Lab at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation.' (one marker)", "T1-4 scope: 'Systematically logs public, nonviolent (and broader political) crowd events across all U.S. states and territories with no minimum size requirement. This includes historic movements such as the 2017 Women's March, 2018 March for Our Lives, 2020 Black Lives Matter protests, campus encampments, and subsequent political demonstrations.' (three markers)", "T1-5 scale: 'The project has tracked hundreds of thousands of individual demonstrations and rallies across the U.S. since 2017.' (one marker)", "T1-6 monthly data: 'Published regularly on Harvard Dataverse.' (one marker)", "T1-7 weekly updates: 'A compiled and augmented version of the dataset is updated weekly on Wednesdays via the Nonviolent Action Lab GitHub Repository.' (one marker)", "T1-8 interactive tools: 'You can explore data visuals and project updates directly through the Counting Crowds Website.' (one marker)" ], "markers": 12, "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/T1-crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031.txt" } ] }, "KO": { "title": "Crowd Counting Consortium", "genre": "knowledge object, equal case, under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.9 (#1690): the archive's sources and the field's admitted on equal terms, ontology included, in one claim space", "status": "composed 2026-10-31 under v0.9 on the operator's ruling ('as against their wikipedia articles if they exist, their own pages, etc.'); not frozen; ledgers unaudited", "joins": [ { "act": "order of senses", "sentences": "1–26", "claims": [], "note": "equal case (§4.7): the entity's dependency order, field and archive claims ordered together by genealogy within each sense; neither ledger placed first as a block. What it is and what the census asks of it (¶0) precede its origin and home (¶1), since the census's question is the one the record's last senses answer; the unit (¶2) precedes the method and rules that bound it (¶3); the data (¶4) and the counts drawn from them (¶5) precede their uses (¶6); the losing side (¶7) answers the question of ¶0; the composition at the name (¶8) and the encyclopedia (¶9) stand last as relations of the entity already composed." }, { "act": "holding together (P_coh: the scope, nonviolent or with riots)", "sentences": [ 8, 9, 24 ], "claims": [ "F20", "F34", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-05" ], "note": "the consortium's FAQ list with 'riots' (F20) composed beside the third party's 'nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm to persons)' (F34), each with its source, and the Capture Registry's reading of the composition's 'nonviolent' (CAP-1-03, CAP-1-05) placed beside the card that states it; the composer does not rule the scope (open block)." }, { "act": "holding together (data venues: Dataverse and Google Sheets)", "sentences": [ 14 ], "claims": [ "F6", "F30", "F31" ], "note": "the page's monthly Dataverse (F6) and the blog's monthly Google Sheets (F30) composed together, each with its source; which is current is left open (open block)." }, { "act": "holding together (the count)", "sentences": [ 16, 17 ], "claims": [ "F44", "F51", "ML-13" ], "note": "the X account's 200,000 (F44) and the commentary's 'hundreds of thousands of total participants' (F51) composed as stated, events and participants kept apart; the census's 'not stated as a total' (ML-13) beside them." }, { "act": "placing the anchor before the origin", "sentences": [ 3, 4 ], "claims": [ "ML-25", "ML-28", "O1725-02" ], "note": "#1725's conditions (O1725-02) stand with the census's question they found (ML-25, ML-28); the composer claims no relation of #1725 to the consortium beyond the census's entry of it under that question." }, { "act": "placing the stated limit of #1725 beside the losing side", "sentences": [ 20, 21, 22 ], "claims": [ "ML-10", "ML-18", "O1725-01" ], "note": "#1725's limit (no cross-organization dataset of left splits found) placed after the census's losing_side and reading for the consortium; the composer does not claim #1725 names the consortium." } ], "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "The Crowd Counting Consortium calls itself \"A public interest and scholarly project to document protests and demonstrations in the United States.\" (Ash Center page), and the maryleelabor census enters it, under the names CCC and crowdcounting.org, as a public interest and scholarly project documenting protests and demonstrations in the United States and publishing an event dataset (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F1", "ML-01", "ML-03", "ML-05" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "It is \"a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, including rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience\" (Ash Center page; Policy Commons card), and in its blog's first post, of 9 February 2021, \"a public-interest and scholarly project that documents political crowds in public spaces in the United States\" (Counting Crowds); a third party's page on its 2025 data restates it as a Harvard and UConn project that has collected such data since January 2017, on events that \"articulate grievances against or express support for political targets\" (boB Rudis).", "claims": [ "F2", "F42", "F38", "F33" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 0, "sense": "what the census asks", "text": "The census asks of it, as of every resource it enters, \"Whose record does it keep, who holds it, and does it keep the losing side in a form that could be taken up later?\", answers in three fields it defines as whose record, who holds it and on what terms, and whether and how it keeps \"minority positions, splits, expulsions and dissent\", and places it in its area of labor action, \"strikes, stoppages and protest events, counted and described\" (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "ML-25", "ML-26", "ML-04", "ML-29" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 0, "sense": "what the census asks", "text": "The question comes from the census's anchor, #1725, which found that \"Synthesis followed where the defeated critique kept three things: an organ in which it could keep being stated, a holder with standing independent of the executive, and a route by which the majority could later adopt it without calling that adoption surrender\" (#1725; maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "O1725-02", "ML-28" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "sense": "origin and founders", "text": "It \"first emerged from a collaborative effort by Jeremy Pressman (UConn) and Erica Chenoweth (HKS) to estimate the number of participants in the Women’s March on Washington\" on 21 January 2017, and has since expanded to near-real-time information on the occurrence, themes and scale of American protest (Ash Center page); its X account, linking crowdcounting.org, joined in February 2017, and the census dates its founding to 2017 (X; maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F4", "F5", "F47", "ML-27" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 1, "sense": "operator and home", "text": "It is part of the Nonviolent Action Lab at the Ash Center, which its blog calls \"one of the two institutional pillars of this project, along with the University of Connecticut\" (Ash Center page; Counting Crowds, 6 May 2024); its X profile states that it \"is co-directed by @ ericachenoweth and @ djpressman\" (X), its page lists a team of Chenoweth, Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment, Pressman, Senior Research Fellow, and others, a research associate of the consortium among them, and names Jay Ulfelder as the Lab's program director (Ash Center page), and the census records the operator as the two schools' joint project, part of the Lab, begun by Pressman and Chenoweth (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F3", "F39", "F43", "F16", "ML-02" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 1, "sense": "operator and home", "text": "Its funding comes in part from foundations and university centres, the Freedom Together Foundation and the MacArthur Foundation among them, and earlier from the Carnegie Corporation of New York (Ash Center page), and the census names its holder \"a university project (Harvard Kennedy School and UConn), funded by foundations and university centres; data published monthly on the Harvard Dataverse\" (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F24", "ML-09" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 2, "sense": "the unit", "text": "It collects \"publicly available data on political crowds reported in the United States, including marches, protests, demonstrations, riots, and other actions\" and does not count crowds at meetings, teach-ins or academic workshops, panel discussions, fundraisers or town halls (Ash Center FAQ); the census's unit is \"a political protest event reported in the United States, with crowd numbers\", and its record object carries the same list, riots included, and the same exclusions (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F20", "ML-06", "ML-07" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 2, "sense": "the unit", "text": "The third party's page states the scope differently at one point: the dataset includes events \"open to the public, free of charge, and nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm to persons)\", in all U.S. states and territories with no minimum crowd size, virtual gatherings included and paid fundraisers, workshops, closed campaign events and routine government meetings excluded unless disrupted (boB Rudis); the consortium's own list includes riots (Ash Center FAQ).", "claims": [ "F34", "F35", "F20" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 2, "sense": "the unit", "text": "That page's text carries, directly after its description of the dataset, the string \"RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.\", and states that its data run from January to May 2025, with its source on Codeberg (boB Rudis).", "claims": [ "F36", "F37" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 2, "sense": "what it is", "text": "Its goal is \"to make the aggregate data on crowd numbers publicly available for each event\", collected in the public interest and for scholarly research (Ash Center FAQ), and the census records what it keeps as \"the record of political crowds in the United States: occurrence, themes and scale, as publicly reported or submitted with a verifiable source\" (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F21", "ML-08" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 3, "sense": "method", "text": "It has collaborated with countlove.org, \"a volunteer group that developed a webcrawler to identify protests and demonstrations on a daily basis\" (Ash Center page), a cooperation its X account marked in April 2022 (X), and the census calls its method news-derived event coding from public reports, verified public submissions and that webcrawler (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F25", "F46", "ML-11" ] }, { "n": 13, "para": 3, "sense": "verification and privacy", "text": "\"We only post records that we can confirm and verify through fact-checking\", a submission must carry \"a source that is publicly verifiable\", and \"We will never post, release, or share identifying information that has not already been reported in the public domain.\" (Ash Center page); the University of Denver and the University of Connecticut determined that the project does not qualify as human subjects research (Ash Center FAQ), and the census carries the rules among its stated limits and the determinations as a negative tag (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F22", "ML-15", "ML-23" ] }, { "n": 14, "para": 4, "sense": "data access", "text": "Its data are published monthly on a publicly accessible Dataverse \"for use by scholars, journalists, movement leaders, and others\", in three phases, 2017–2020, 2021–2024 and 2025 to the present, with documentation and a citation form naming crowdcounting.org (Ash Center page); the About page of Counting Crowds, the \"Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium\", has the data in monthly Google Sheets, a compiled and augmented version kept on GitHub by the Nonviolent Action Lab and updated weekly, usually on Wednesdays, and an interactive dashboard (Counting Crowds), and the census records its coverage as the United States from 2017 in the same three phases (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F23", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "ML-12" ] }, { "n": 15, "para": 4, "sense": "data access", "text": "The census records public download from the Harvard Dataverse and a public submission form, no licence on the saved page, and as unchecked the dataset and its codebook, the licence, the crowdcounting.org site and the listed commentary (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "ML-19", "ML-20", "ML-24" ] }, { "n": 16, "para": 5, "sense": "counts", "text": "Its X account wrote on 29 August 2024 \"Since 2017, we've tallied 200,000 protests and rallies in the US...and counting.\" and on 3 July 2020 that it was closing in on 5,000 listings of antiracism protests (X); its commentary recorded nearly 2,300 protests on Palestine or Israel by 28 November 2023, \"with hundreds of thousands of total participants\", nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests from 7 October 2023 to 7 June 2024, and protest at over 500 schools with encampments at more than 130 of them (Ash Center page), and its blog counted encampments on more than 100 campuses and at least 26 acts of civil disobedience or direct action on 15 April 2024 (Counting Crowds).", "claims": [ "F44", "F45", "F51", "F26", "F27", "F40", "F41" ] }, { "n": 17, "para": 5, "sense": "counts", "text": "The census gives no total, the count \"not stated as a total in the saved source\" beyond that dated subset, and lists as holdings the three phases, the commentary, the Israel/Palestine dashboards and more than 600 scholarly citations (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "ML-13", "ML-14" ] }, { "n": 18, "para": 6, "sense": "uses", "text": "Its page records the data's uses in public argument: the 2017 Women’s March as, at that time, the largest single-day demonstration in US history; the 2018 March for Our Lives and #Enough Walkouts as the broadest, in over 4,400 locations; the 2020 protests after George Floyd’s murder as the largest and broadest mobilization, in a New York Times analysis; the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising as \"overwhelmingly peaceful\"; the 2023–2024 pro-Palestine protests as \"generally peaceful\", against common narratives of violence; the rebuttal of the narrative of \"no resistance\" to the second Trump administration, with \"a high degree of nonviolent discipline among anti-Trump protesters\"; and the No Kings protests of June and October 2025 among the largest single-day demonstrations in US history (Ash Center page).", "claims": [ "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14" ] }, { "n": 19, "para": 6, "sense": "scholarship and commentary", "text": "Academics use the data to study protest, counter-protest and state response, the team's articles and essays have more than 600 scholarly citations, and the Nonviolent Action Lab publishes commentary on the data, the latest listed on the page dated 15 August 2025 (Ash Center page); the census's answers are how many protests on a theme occurred in a period and where, the size of named mobilizations, and whether a wave was broadly nonviolent, and its lifecycle and dates record an active project published monthly, its latest listed commentary 2025-08-15 (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F15", "F7", "F28", "ML-16", "ML-21", "ML-22" ] }, { "n": 20, "para": 7, "sense": "the losing side", "text": "On the census's question the record keeps the crowd: its losing side is \"not recorded. The data are used to study protest, counter-protest and state response; the saved page shows nothing of the positions, splits or dissent inside the movements counted\", the census tags it \"NOT a labor dataset: it records political protest of every kind, and labor action only as part of it\", and among what it does not answer it lists \"the positions argued inside a movement, or which tendency organized an event\" (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "ML-10", "ML-23", "ML-17" ] }, { "n": 21, "para": 7, "sense": "the losing side", "text": "The census's own reading takes the dataset as \"a holder independent of the movements and governments it counts, whose record has been used against prevailing narratives\", which \"keeps the crowd and leaves the internal argument of the movement unrecorded\" (maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "ML-18" ] }, { "n": 22, "para": 7, "sense": "the losing side", "text": "#1725 states of its own case record that \"no cross-organization dataset of left splits, or of minority positions later adopted, was found for any period\", and that the frequency of its pattern across the left as a whole \"is unmeasured\" (#1725).", "claims": [ "O1725-01" ] }, { "n": 23, "para": 8, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "At its name, a new address queried with the census name on 31 October 2026, the Capture Registry records that the Overview gives the founders, institutional home, scope and data, \"Faithful on founders, home and data.\", with its founders and institutions named and the consortium's pages among six cards from Harvard, Counting Crowds (two), boB Rudis, Policy Commons and X, and records the resource as external to the archive (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-11" ] }, { "n": 24, "para": 8, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "The Registry reads the composition as putting 'nonviolent' first \"in a scope the consortium states without it\", against the page's \"We collect publicly available data on political crowds reported in the United States\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31); the 'nonviolent' scope stands on the rail in the third party's page (boB Rudis).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-05", "F34" ] }, { "n": 25, "para": 8, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "The Registry also reads it as leaving out \"the verification and privacy rules that bound the record\", the fact-checking rule and the rule on identifying information, under the title \"THE CONSORTIUM AT ITS GRAIN; ITS VERIFICATION AND PRIVACY RULES NOT CARRIED\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07" ] }, { "n": 26, "para": 9, "sense": "reception", "text": "Wikipedia has no article with the name; five articles mention it, among them Erica Chenoweth and Crowd counting, the article on the estimation of crowd sizes, which lists the consortium among its external links (Wikipedia).", "claims": [ "F48", "F49", "F50" ] } ], "plan": { "order": [ "F1", "ML-01", "ML-03", "ML-05", "F2", "F42", "F38", "F33", "ML-25", "ML-26", "ML-04", "ML-29", "O1725-02", "ML-28", "F4", "F5", "F47", "ML-27", "F3", "F39", "F43", "F16", "ML-02", "F24", "ML-09", "F20", "ML-06", "ML-07", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F21", "ML-08", "F25", "F46", "ML-11", "F18", "F19", "F22", "ML-15", "ML-23", "F6", "F17", "F23", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "ML-12", "ML-19", "ML-20", "ML-24", "F44", "F45", "F51", "F26", "F27", "F40", "F41", "ML-13", "ML-14", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F7", "F28", "ML-16", "ML-21", "ML-22", "ML-10", "ML-17", "ML-18", "O1725-01", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "F48", "F49", "F50" ], "senses": { "what it is": [ 1, 2, 11 ], "what the census asks": [ 3, 4 ], "origin and founders": [ 5 ], "operator and home": [ 6, 7 ], "the unit": [ 8, 9, 10 ], "method": [ 12 ], "verification and privacy": [ 13 ], "data access": [ 14, 15 ], "counts": [ 16, 17 ], "uses": [ 18 ], "scholarship and commentary": [ 19 ], "the losing side": [ 20, 21, 22 ], "the composition at the name": [ 23, 24, 25 ], "reception": [ 26 ] }, "case_by_sense": { "equal (one claim space; nothing translated)": [ "what it is", "what the census asks", "origin and founders", "operator and home", "the unit", "method", "verification and privacy", "data access", "counts", "uses", "scholarship and commentary", "the losing side", "the composition at the name", "reception" ] }, "carried": { "archive": 42, "field": 51, "not_composed": {} }, "conflict_log": [ { "rule": "D_pres vs channel", "result": "no cut: the KO carries every field and archive claim (51 and 42); the compression's bound met with no channel log" }, { "rule": "P_coh", "result": "F20 (the consortium's list, riots included) against F34 (the third party's 'nonviolent'), with CAP-1-03 and CAP-1-05 (sentences 8, 9, 24); F6 (monthly Dataverse) beside F30 (monthly Google Sheets) (sentence 14); F44 (200,000 protests and rallies) beside F51 (hundreds of thousands of participants) and ML-13 (no total stated) (sentences 16, 17): each composed with its source" }, { "rule": "N_c", "result": "no claim lowered by standing; F33–F35 at attributed grade (a third party's page, its text carrying a model's interface string, F36); F11–F13 at the page's interpretation grade; CAP-1-02–CAP-1-07 at the registry's interpretation grade; ML-18 the archive's reading, at its grade; O1725-01 at its self-description grade (a stated limit)" }, { "rule": "C_ex", "result": "senses composed ⊇ senses in the ledgers: every ledger lineage cited in the KO" } ] } }, "P": { "title": "Crowd Counting Consortium", "genre": "the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the v0.9 plan in one claim space; it faces on the card", "status": "composed 2026-10-31 from the v0.9 knowledge object; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut, part of the Nonviolent Action Lab, that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States; Jeremy Pressman and Erica Chenoweth began it to count the Women’s March of 21 January 2017 (Ash Center page; maryleelabor record).", "claims": [ "F2", "F1", "F42", "F38", "F33", "F3", "F4", "ML-01", "ML-02", "ML-03", "ML-05" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "🗂️", "head": "What it counts", "items": [ { "label": "Political crowds:", "text": "marches, protests, demonstrations, riots; no meetings, teach-ins, fundraisers or town halls; aggregate crowd numbers per event (Ash Center FAQ; record).", "claims": [ "F20", "F21", "ML-06", "ML-07", "ML-08" ] }, { "label": "A third party’s account:", "text": "public, free, \"nonviolent\" events, every state and territory, no minimum size, its page carrying a Claude interface string (boB Rudis).", "claims": [ "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37" ] }, { "label": "Counts:", "text": "200,000 protests and rallies by August 2024; no total in the record (X; Ash Center page; record).", "claims": [ "F44", "F45", "F51", "F26", "F27", "F40", "F41", "ML-13" ] } ] }, { "icon": "✅", "head": "Its rules", "items": [ { "label": "Verified:", "text": "only records confirmed through fact-checking, each with a publicly verifiable source; Count Love's webcrawler (Ash Center page; X; record).", "claims": [ "F18", "F25", "F46", "ML-11", "ML-15" ] }, { "label": "Private:", "text": "no identifying information not already public; not human subjects research (Ash Center page; record).", "claims": [ "F19", "F22", "ML-23" ] } ] }, { "icon": "📂", "head": "Its data and uses", "items": [ { "label": "Dataverse:", "text": "monthly, in three phases since 2017; on its blog, Google Sheets and a weekly GitHub compilation (Ash Center page; Counting Crowds; record).", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F23", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "ML-12", "ML-19", "ML-20", "ML-24" ] }, { "label": "Uses:", "text": "the Women’s March, BLM 2020 \"overwhelmingly peaceful\", the rebuttal of \"no resistance\", No Kings; 600+ citations (Ash Center page; record).", "claims": [ "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F7", "F28", "ML-14", "ML-16", "ML-21", "ML-22" ] }, { "label": "Home:", "text": "co-directed by Chenoweth and Pressman; funded by foundations and university centres (X; Ash Center page; Counting Crowds).", "claims": [ "F43", "F16", "F39", "F24", "F5", "F47", "ML-27" ] } ] }, { "icon": "⚖️", "head": "The census’s question", "items": [ { "label": "Whose record:", "text": "political crowds, held by a university project (record).", "claims": [ "ML-25", "ML-26", "ML-04", "ML-29", "ML-09", "ML-28" ] }, { "label": "The losing side:", "text": "\"not recorded\"; it keeps the crowd and leaves the movement's internal argument unrecorded; no labor dataset (record).", "claims": [ "ML-10", "ML-17", "ML-18" ] }, { "label": "Organ, holder, route:", "text": "where a defeated critique keeps them, synthesis followed; no dataset of left splits was found (#1725).", "claims": [ "O1725-02", "O1725-01" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🔎", "head": "At the name", "items": [ { "label": "Faithful:", "text": "on founders, home and data (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-11" ] }, { "label": "Narrowed:", "text": "'nonviolent' put first, as on the third party's page; the verification and privacy rules left out (Capture Registry; boB Rudis).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "F34" ] }, { "label": "Reception:", "text": "no Wikipedia article; mentioned in five (Wikipedia).", "claims": [ "F48", "F49", "F50" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Does the dataset count only nonviolent events?", "rests_on": [ "F20", "F34", "F36", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-05" ], "modality": "stipulation (the consortium's FAQ), attributed (the third party's page, carrying a model's interface string), interpretation (Capture Registry)", "would_resolve": "the codebook on the Harvard Dataverse (the census's unchecked item), read for the inclusion rule and for whether 'riots' are coded" }, { "question": "How many events has it recorded in all?", "rests_on": [ "F44", "F51", "ML-13" ], "modality": "documented (X, 2024; commentary, 2023), documented (record)", "would_resolve": "a count of the Dataverse files across the three phases; a dated total from the consortium" }, { "question": "Where are the data published now, the Dataverse monthly or Google Sheets monthly?", "rests_on": [ "F6", "F30", "F31", "ML-19" ], "modality": "documented", "would_resolve": "a dated statement from the consortium; the blog's About page is undated" }, { "question": "Does the record keep anything of the positions argued inside the movements it counts?", "rests_on": [ "ML-10", "ML-17", "ML-18", "O1725-01", "O1725-02" ], "modality": "stipulation and interpretation (record), self-description and interpretation (#1725)", "would_resolve": "the codebook's fields for organizers, claims and issues, read for whether a tendency or a split is coded" }, { "question": "Opacities", "rests_on": [ "F42" ], "modality": "documented (snippet only)", "would_resolve": "the Policy Commons card refused the census agent with a bot check (HTTP 403) and its URL is undetermined; the snippets of cards 1 and 4 are compositions of the rail and are not on their pages; the transcript's markers are Google redirect URLs that the paste does not resolve to cards" } ], "rail": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "claims": [ "F2", "F1", "F42", "F38", "F33", "ML-01", "ML-03", "F21", "F5" ], "earliest": "B4" }, { "lineage": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "claims": [ "ML-05", "ML-08", "ML-23", "ML-24", "ML-16", "ML-25", "ML-26", "ML-04", "ML-29", "ML-09", "ML-10", "ML-17", "ML-18" ], "earliest": "ML" }, { "lineage": "the losing side: organ, holder and route (#1725)", "claims": [ "ML-28", "O1725-02", "O1725-01" ], "earliest": 1725 }, { "lineage": "origin and founders: the Women’s March of 21 January 2017", "claims": [ "F4", "F47", "ML-27" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "operator and institutional home: Harvard Kennedy School, UConn, the Nonviolent Action Lab", "claims": [ "F3", "ML-02", "F43", "F16", "F39" ], "earliest": "B4" }, { "lineage": "funding", "claims": [ "F24" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the unit: what counts as a political crowd", "claims": [ "F20", "ML-06", "ML-07", "F34", "F35" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "a third-party page carrying a model’s interface string", "claims": [ "F36" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "versions and dates", "claims": [ "F37", "F28", "ML-21", "ML-22" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "method: public reports, verified submissions, a webcrawler", "claims": [ "F25", "F46", "ML-11" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "verification and privacy: the rules that bound the record", "claims": [ "F18", "ML-15", "F19", "F22" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F23", "F30", "F31", "F32", "ML-12", "ML-19", "ML-20" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "scholarship and commentary", "claims": [ "F29", "F15", "F7", "ML-14" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "claims": [ "F44", "F45", "F51", "F26", "F27", "F40", "F41", "ML-13" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "claims": [ "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the composition at the name", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07" ], "earliest": "CAP" }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "claims": [ "F48", "F49", "F50" ], "earliest": "B7" } ], "body_words": 303, "entity": "Composed under v0.9, equal case (ρ = extends): KO_B sentences surviving 0 of 12; every field claim carried." }, "P_B": { "title": "Crowd Counting Consortium", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (cards, own pages, Wikipedia)", "status": "composed 2026-10-31 from the field ledger alone; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, begun in 2017 to count the Women's March (Ash Center page).", "claims": [ "F2", "F1", "F42", "F38", "F33", "F4" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "🗂️", "head": "What it counts", "items": [ { "label": "Crowds:", "text": "marches, protests, demonstrations, riots; no meetings or town halls (FAQ).", "claims": [ "F20", "F21" ] }, { "label": "Third party:", "text": "nonviolent public events, no minimum size, a Claude string in the page (boB Rudis).", "claims": [ "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37" ] }, { "label": "Counts:", "text": "200,000 by August 2024 (X).", "claims": [ "F44", "F45", "F51", "F26", "F27", "F40", "F41" ] } ] }, { "icon": "✅", "head": "Rules", "items": [ { "label": "Verified:", "text": "fact-checked records only; Count Love's webcrawler (Ash Center page; X).", "claims": [ "F18", "F25", "F46" ] }, { "label": "Private:", "text": "no identifying information not already public; not human subjects research (Ash Center page).", "claims": [ "F19", "F22" ] } ] }, { "icon": "📂", "head": "Data and uses", "items": [ { "label": "Dataverse:", "text": "monthly, three phases; Google Sheets, weekly GitHub (Ash Center page; Counting Crowds).", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F23", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32" ] }, { "label": "Uses:", "text": "the largest demonstrations, the peaceful 2020 uprising, \"no resistance\" rebutted; 600+ citations (Ash Center page).", "claims": [ "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F7", "F28" ] }, { "label": "Home:", "text": "the Nonviolent Action Lab; co-directed by Chenoweth and Pressman; foundation-funded; no Wikipedia article (X; Ash Center page; Wikipedia).", "claims": [ "F3", "F39", "F43", "F16", "F24", "F5", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F50" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Does the dataset count only nonviolent events?", "rests_on": [ "F20", "F34", "F36" ], "modality": "stipulation; attributed", "would_resolve": "the codebook on the Dataverse" }, { "question": "Opacities", "rests_on": [ "F42" ], "modality": "documented (snippet only)", "would_resolve": "the Policy Commons card (bot check, URL undetermined)" } ], "rail": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "claims": [ "F2", "F1", "F42", "F38", "F33", "F21", "F5" ], "earliest": "B4" }, { "lineage": "origin and founders: the Women’s March of 21 January 2017", "claims": [ "F4", "F47" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "operator and institutional home: Harvard Kennedy School, UConn, the Nonviolent Action Lab", "claims": [ "F3", "F39", "F43", "F16" ], "earliest": "B4" }, { "lineage": "funding", "claims": [ "F24" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the unit: what counts as a political crowd", "claims": [ "F20", "F34", "F35" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "a third-party page carrying a model’s interface string", "claims": [ "F36" ], "earliest": "B3" }, { "lineage": "versions and dates", "claims": [ "F37", "F28" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "method: public reports, verified submissions, a webcrawler", "claims": [ "F25", "F46" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "verification and privacy: the rules that bound the record", "claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F22" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F23", "F30", "F31", "F32" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "scholarship and commentary", "claims": [ "F29", "F15", "F7" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "claims": [ "F44", "F45", "F51", "F26", "F27", "F40", "F41" ], "earliest": "B6" }, { "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "claims": [ "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "claims": [ "F48", "F49", "F50" ], "earliest": "B7" } ], "body_words": 145, "entity": "the field's entity: the university project publishing a dataset of US protest events, as its own page, its blog, its X account, a third party's page and Wikipedia give it" }, "KO_B": { "title": "Crowd Counting Consortium", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "knowledge object", "status": "composed 2026-10-31; not frozen", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "text": "The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, a public interest and scholarly project to document protests and demonstrations (Ash Center page; Policy Commons card; Counting Crowds, 2021).", "claims": [ "F2", "F1", "F42", "F38" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "text": "It is part of the Nonviolent Action Lab at the Ash Center, one of the project's two institutional pillars with UConn, co-directed by Erica Chenoweth and Jeremy Pressman, with Jay Ulfelder the Lab's program director (Ash Center page; Counting Crowds; X).", "claims": [ "F3", "F39", "F43", "F16" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 1, "text": "It emerged from Pressman and Chenoweth's effort to estimate the participants in the Women's March of 21 January 2017, its X account joining in February 2017, and has expanded to near-real-time information on American protest (Ash Center page; X).", "claims": [ "F4", "F47", "F5" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 1, "text": "Its unit is political crowds, riots among them, with crowds at meetings, teach-ins, workshops, panels, fundraisers and town halls excluded, and its goal aggregate crowd numbers for each event in the public interest (Ash Center FAQ).", "claims": [ "F20", "F21" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "text": "A third party's page describes a Harvard and UConn dataset of public, free and nonviolent events in all states and territories with no minimum size, virtual gatherings included, for January to May 2025, its text carrying a Claude interface string (boB Rudis).", "claims": [ "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 2, "text": "It posts only records confirmed by fact-checking from publicly verifiable sources, shares no identifying information not already public, is not human subjects research by two universities' determinations, and has collaborated with Count Love's webcrawler (Ash Center page; X).", "claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F22", "F25", "F46" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 3, "text": "Its data are published monthly on the Harvard Dataverse in three phases since 2017, with a citation form naming crowdcounting.org; its blog has them in monthly Google Sheets, a weekly GitHub compilation and a dashboard (Ash Center page; Counting Crowds).", "claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F23", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 4, "text": "It had tallied 200,000 protests and rallies by August 2024 and nearly 5,000 antiracism protests by July 2020, and recorded nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests from October 2023 to June 2024, with encampments at over 130 schools (X; Ash Center page; Counting Crowds).", "claims": [ "F44", "F45", "F51", "F26", "F27", "F40", "F41" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 5, "text": "Its data were used to show the Women's March, March for Our Lives, the 2020 protests and No Kings among the largest or broadest demonstrations, the 2020 uprising overwhelmingly peaceful and the pro-Palestine protests generally peaceful, and to rebut the narrative of no resistance in 2025 (Ash Center page).", "claims": [ "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 5, "text": "Academics use it to study protest, counter-protest and state response, with more than 600 citations, and the Lab's commentary runs to 15 August 2025 (Ash Center page).", "claims": [ "F15", "F7", "F28" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 6, "text": "Foundations and university centres fund it (Ash Center page).", "claims": [ "F24" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 6, "text": "Wikipedia has no article on it; five articles mention it, and Crowd counting lists it among external links (Wikipedia).", "claims": [ "F48", "F49", "F50" ] } ] }, "L_B": { "words": 443, "text": "The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, a public interest and scholarly project to document protests and demonstrations (Ash Center page; Policy Commons card; Counting Crowds, 2021). It is part of the Nonviolent Action Lab at the Ash Center, one of the project's two institutional pillars with UConn, co-directed by Erica Chenoweth and Jeremy Pressman, with Jay Ulfelder the Lab's program director (Ash Center page; Counting Crowds; X). It emerged from Pressman and Chenoweth's effort to estimate the participants in the Women's March of 21 January 2017, its X account joining in February 2017, and has expanded to near-real-time information on American protest (Ash Center page; X). Its unit is political crowds, riots among them, with crowds at meetings, teach-ins, workshops, panels, fundraisers and town halls excluded, and its goal aggregate crowd numbers for each event in the public interest (Ash Center FAQ). A third party's page describes a Harvard and UConn dataset of public, free and nonviolent events in all states and territories with no minimum size, virtual gatherings included, for January to May 2025, its text carrying a Claude interface string (boB Rudis). It posts only records confirmed by fact-checking from publicly verifiable sources, shares no identifying information not already public, is not human subjects research by two universities' determinations, and has collaborated with Count Love's webcrawler (Ash Center page; X). Its data are published monthly on the Harvard Dataverse in three phases since 2017, with a citation form naming crowdcounting.org; its blog has them in monthly Google Sheets, a weekly GitHub compilation and a dashboard (Ash Center page; Counting Crowds). It had tallied 200,000 protests and rallies by August 2024 and nearly 5,000 antiracism protests by July 2020, and recorded nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests from October 2023 to June 2024, with encampments at over 130 schools (X; Ash Center page; Counting Crowds). Its data were used to show the Women's March, March for Our Lives, the 2020 protests and No Kings among the largest or broadest demonstrations, the 2020 uprising overwhelmingly peaceful and the pro-Palestine protests generally peaceful, and to rebut the narrative of no resistance in 2025 (Ash Center page). Academics use it to study protest, counter-protest and state response, with more than 600 citations, and the Lab's commentary runs to 15 August 2025 (Ash Center page). Foundations and university centres fund it (Ash Center page). Wikipedia has no article on it; five articles mention it, and Crowd counting lists it among external links (Wikipedia).", "note": "L_F(B), the field composed in its own ontology (v0.9 §0.4), realized as KO_B; its compression is P_B." }, "L_BA": { "words": 1838, "text": "The Crowd Counting Consortium calls itself \"A public interest and scholarly project to document protests and demonstrations in the United States.\" (Ash Center page), and the maryleelabor census enters it, under the names CCC and crowdcounting.org, as a public interest and scholarly project documenting protests and demonstrations in the United States and publishing an event dataset (maryleelabor record). It is \"a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, including rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience\" (Ash Center page; Policy Commons card), and in its blog's first post, of 9 February 2021, \"a public-interest and scholarly project that documents political crowds in public spaces in the United States\" (Counting Crowds); a third party's page on its 2025 data restates it as a Harvard and UConn project that has collected such data since January 2017, on events that \"articulate grievances against or express support for political targets\" (boB Rudis). The census asks of it, as of every resource it enters, \"Whose record does it keep, who holds it, and does it keep the losing side in a form that could be taken up later?\", answers in three fields it defines as whose record, who holds it and on what terms, and whether and how it keeps \"minority positions, splits, expulsions and dissent\", and places it in its area of labor action, \"strikes, stoppages and protest events, counted and described\" (maryleelabor record). The question comes from the census's anchor, #1725, which found that \"Synthesis followed where the defeated critique kept three things: an organ in which it could keep being stated, a holder with standing independent of the executive, and a route by which the majority could later adopt it without calling that adoption surrender\" (#1725; maryleelabor record). It \"first emerged from a collaborative effort by Jeremy Pressman (UConn) and Erica Chenoweth (HKS) to estimate the number of participants in the Women’s March on Washington\" on 21 January 2017, and has since expanded to near-real-time information on the occurrence, themes and scale of American protest (Ash Center page); its X account, linking crowdcounting.org, joined in February 2017, and the census dates its founding to 2017 (X; maryleelabor record). It is part of the Nonviolent Action Lab at the Ash Center, which its blog calls \"one of the two institutional pillars of this project, along with the University of Connecticut\" (Ash Center page; Counting Crowds, 6 May 2024); its X profile states that it \"is co-directed by @ ericachenoweth and @ djpressman\" (X), its page lists a team of Chenoweth, Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment, Pressman, Senior Research Fellow, and others, a research associate of the consortium among them, and names Jay Ulfelder as the Lab's program director (Ash Center page), and the census records the operator as the two schools' joint project, part of the Lab, begun by Pressman and Chenoweth (maryleelabor record). Its funding comes in part from foundations and university centres, the Freedom Together Foundation and the MacArthur Foundation among them, and earlier from the Carnegie Corporation of New York (Ash Center page), and the census names its holder \"a university project (Harvard Kennedy School and UConn), funded by foundations and university centres; data published monthly on the Harvard Dataverse\" (maryleelabor record). It collects \"publicly available data on political crowds reported in the United States, including marches, protests, demonstrations, riots, and other actions\" and does not count crowds at meetings, teach-ins or academic workshops, panel discussions, fundraisers or town halls (Ash Center FAQ); the census's unit is \"a political protest event reported in the United States, with crowd numbers\", and its record object carries the same list, riots included, and the same exclusions (maryleelabor record). The third party's page states the scope differently at one point: the dataset includes events \"open to the public, free of charge, and nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm to persons)\", in all U.S. states and territories with no minimum crowd size, virtual gatherings included and paid fundraisers, workshops, closed campaign events and routine government meetings excluded unless disrupted (boB Rudis); the consortium's own list includes riots (Ash Center FAQ). That page's text carries, directly after its description of the dataset, the string \"RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.\", and states that its data run from January to May 2025, with its source on Codeberg (boB Rudis). Its goal is \"to make the aggregate data on crowd numbers publicly available for each event\", collected in the public interest and for scholarly research (Ash Center FAQ), and the census records what it keeps as \"the record of political crowds in the United States: occurrence, themes and scale, as publicly reported or submitted with a verifiable source\" (maryleelabor record). It has collaborated with countlove.org, \"a volunteer group that developed a webcrawler to identify protests and demonstrations on a daily basis\" (Ash Center page), a cooperation its X account marked in April 2022 (X), and the census calls its method news-derived event coding from public reports, verified public submissions and that webcrawler (maryleelabor record). \"We only post records that we can confirm and verify through fact-checking\", a submission must carry \"a source that is publicly verifiable\", and \"We will never post, release, or share identifying information that has not already been reported in the public domain.\" (Ash Center page); the University of Denver and the University of Connecticut determined that the project does not qualify as human subjects research (Ash Center FAQ), and the census carries the rules among its stated limits and the determinations as a negative tag (maryleelabor record). Its data are published monthly on a publicly accessible Dataverse \"for use by scholars, journalists, movement leaders, and others\", in three phases, 2017–2020, 2021–2024 and 2025 to the present, with documentation and a citation form naming crowdcounting.org (Ash Center page); the About page of Counting Crowds, the \"Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium\", has the data in monthly Google Sheets, a compiled and augmented version kept on GitHub by the Nonviolent Action Lab and updated weekly, usually on Wednesdays, and an interactive dashboard (Counting Crowds), and the census records its coverage as the United States from 2017 in the same three phases (maryleelabor record). The census records public download from the Harvard Dataverse and a public submission form, no licence on the saved page, and as unchecked the dataset and its codebook, the licence, the crowdcounting.org site and the listed commentary (maryleelabor record). Its X account wrote on 29 August 2024 \"Since 2017, we've tallied 200,000 protests and rallies in the US...and counting.\" and on 3 July 2020 that it was closing in on 5,000 listings of antiracism protests (X); its commentary recorded nearly 2,300 protests on Palestine or Israel by 28 November 2023, \"with hundreds of thousands of total participants\", nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests from 7 October 2023 to 7 June 2024, and protest at over 500 schools with encampments at more than 130 of them (Ash Center page), and its blog counted encampments on more than 100 campuses and at least 26 acts of civil disobedience or direct action on 15 April 2024 (Counting Crowds). The census gives no total, the count \"not stated as a total in the saved source\" beyond that dated subset, and lists as holdings the three phases, the commentary, the Israel/Palestine dashboards and more than 600 scholarly citations (maryleelabor record). Its page records the data's uses in public argument: the 2017 Women’s March as, at that time, the largest single-day demonstration in US history; the 2018 March for Our Lives and #Enough Walkouts as the broadest, in over 4,400 locations; the 2020 protests after George Floyd’s murder as the largest and broadest mobilization, in a New York Times analysis; the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising as \"overwhelmingly peaceful\"; the 2023–2024 pro-Palestine protests as \"generally peaceful\", against common narratives of violence; the rebuttal of the narrative of \"no resistance\" to the second Trump administration, with \"a high degree of nonviolent discipline among anti-Trump protesters\"; and the No Kings protests of June and October 2025 among the largest single-day demonstrations in US history (Ash Center page). Academics use the data to study protest, counter-protest and state response, the team's articles and essays have more than 600 scholarly citations, and the Nonviolent Action Lab publishes commentary on the data, the latest listed on the page dated 15 August 2025 (Ash Center page); the census's answers are how many protests on a theme occurred in a period and where, the size of named mobilizations, and whether a wave was broadly nonviolent, and its lifecycle and dates record an active project published monthly, its latest listed commentary 2025-08-15 (maryleelabor record). On the census's question the record keeps the crowd: its losing side is \"not recorded. The data are used to study protest, counter-protest and state response; the saved page shows nothing of the positions, splits or dissent inside the movements counted\", the census tags it \"NOT a labor dataset: it records political protest of every kind, and labor action only as part of it\", and among what it does not answer it lists \"the positions argued inside a movement, or which tendency organized an event\" (maryleelabor record). The census's own reading takes the dataset as \"a holder independent of the movements and governments it counts, whose record has been used against prevailing narratives\", which \"keeps the crowd and leaves the internal argument of the movement unrecorded\" (maryleelabor record). #1725 states of its own case record that \"no cross-organization dataset of left splits, or of minority positions later adopted, was found for any period\", and that the frequency of its pattern across the left as a whole \"is unmeasured\" (#1725). At its name, a new address queried with the census name on 31 October 2026, the Capture Registry records that the Overview gives the founders, institutional home, scope and data, \"Faithful on founders, home and data.\", with its founders and institutions named and the consortium's pages among six cards from Harvard, Counting Crowds (two), boB Rudis, Policy Commons and X, and records the resource as external to the archive (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31). The Registry reads the composition as putting 'nonviolent' first \"in a scope the consortium states without it\", against the page's \"We collect publicly available data on political crowds reported in the United States\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31); the 'nonviolent' scope stands on the rail in the third party's page (boB Rudis). The Registry also reads it as leaving out \"the verification and privacy rules that bound the record\", the fact-checking rule and the rule on identifying information, under the title \"THE CONSORTIUM AT ITS GRAIN; ITS VERIFICATION AND PRIVACY RULES NOT CARRIED\" (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31). Wikipedia has no article with the name; five articles mention it, among them Erica Chenoweth and Crowd counting, the article on the estimation of crowd sizes, which lists the consortium among its external links (Wikipedia).", "note": "L(B ∪ A), the equal-terms case (v0.9 §0.4): the field and the archive in one claim space, realized as the KO; its compression is P." } }, "field": [ { "id": "B1", "card": "Harvard University — Crowd Counting Consortium – Ash Center", "fetched": "card; B1-refetch.html sha256 2837906be77ea4ef, HTTP 200 at 2026-10-31T22:58:49Z; B1.html the census copy crowd-counting-consortium--home (sha256 bd7b38580b7baa3e), text identical", "origin": "card" }, { "id": "B2", "card": "Counting Crowds — About - Counting Crowds", "fetched": "card; B2.html sha256 be076d67b1488910, HTTP 200 at 2026-10-31T22:58:49Z", "origin": "card" }, { "id": "B3", "card": "boB Rudis — Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data", "fetched": "card; B3.html sha256 c8f7088d06b5055f, HTTP 200 at 2026-10-31T22:58:50Z", "origin": "card" }, { "id": "B4", "card": "Counting Crowds — crowdcounters – Counting Crowds", "fetched": "card; B4.html sha256 d9a2fe6edc796efd, HTTP 200 at 2026-10-31T22:58:51Z", "origin": "card" }, { "id": "B5", "card": "Policy Commons — Crowd Counting Consortium - Policy Commons", "fetched": "unreachable: https://policycommons.net/orgs/crowd-counting-consortium/ HTTP 403 (bot check); URL undetermined; card title and snippet only", "origin": "card" }, { "id": "B6", "card": "X·crowdcounting — Crowd Counting (@crowdcounting) / X", "fetched": "card; B6.html sha256 5e56ffb881defc7a, HTTP 200 at 2026-10-31T22:58:52Z", "origin": "card" }, { "id": "B7", "card": "Wikipedia — Crowd Counting Consortium (no article)", "fetched": "no article: raw wikitext HTTP 404, rendered page HTTP 404; full-text search HTTP 200 (five articles mention the name); Crowd counting raw HTTP 200", "origin": "wikipedia" } ], "field_claims": { "F1": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "header", "quote": "A public interest and scholarly project to document protests and demonstrations in the United States.", "claim": "the consortium's own definition: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protests and demonstrations in the United States", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F2": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, including rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience.", "claim": "a joint project of HKS and UConn collecting publicly available data on political protest events reported in the US: rallies, marches, demonstrations, acts of civil disobedience", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F3": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "sidebar, Part of", "quote": "Part of Nonviolent Action Lab", "claim": "part of the Nonviolent Action Lab", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "operator and institutional home: Harvard Kennedy School, UConn, the Nonviolent Action Lab", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F4": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶2 s1", "quote": "The CCC first emerged from a collaborative effort by Jeremy Pressman (UConn) and Erica Chenoweth (HKS) to estimate the number of participants in the Women’s March on Washington (and its affiliated sister marches nationwide) on January 21, 2017.", "claim": "it emerged from Pressman and Chenoweth’s effort to estimate the participants in the Women’s March of 21 January 2017", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "origin and founders: the Women’s March of 21 January 2017", "date": "2017-01-21 (the event; the page undated)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F5": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶2 s2", "quote": "Since then, the project has expanded to provide near-real-time information on trends in the occurrence, themes, and scale of American protest activity.", "claim": "it has expanded to near-real-time information on the occurrence, themes and scale of American protest", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F6": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶3 s1", "quote": "CCC data are published monthly on a publicly accessible Dataverse, for use by scholars, journalists, movement leaders, and others.", "claim": "the data are published monthly on a public Dataverse for scholars, journalists, movement leaders and others", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F7": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶3 s2", "quote": "The NVA Lab regularly publishes commentary and analysis pieces based on the CCC data, advancing both scholarly and public understandings of protest in the US.", "claim": "the Nonviolent Action Lab publishes commentary and analysis on the data", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "scholarship and commentary", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F8": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Informing the Public, item 1", "quote": "CCC data were used to demonstrate that, at that time, the 2017 Women’s March was the largest single-day demonstration in US history.", "claim": "its data showed the 2017 Women’s March the largest single-day demonstration in US history at that time", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F9": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Informing the Public, item 2", "quote": "CCC data were used to demonstrate that, at that time, the 2018 March for Our Lives and #Enough Walkouts were the broadest single day demonstration if U.S. history (occurring in over 4400 distinct locations).", "claim": "its data showed the 2018 March for Our Lives and #Enough Walkouts the broadest single-day demonstration at that time, in over 4,400 locations", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F10": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Informing the Public, item 3", "quote": "CCC data underlie an influential New York Times analysis demonstrating that, at that time, protests in 2020 following George Floyd’s murder constituted the largest and broadest mobilization in U.S. history.", "claim": "its data underlie a New York Times analysis of the 2020 protests after George Floyd’s murder as the largest and broadest mobilization at that time", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F11": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Informing the Public, item 4", "quote": "Relatedly, CCC data support the claim that the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising was overwhelmingly peaceful , especially relative to the heavy-handed police response.", "claim": "its data support the claim that the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising was overwhelmingly peaceful", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F12": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Informing the Public, item 5", "quote": "CCC data underpin an analysis of the 2023-2024 pro-Palestine protests, which were also generally peaceful , despite common narratives that the protests were violent.", "claim": "its data underpin an analysis of the 2023–2024 pro-Palestine protests as generally peaceful, against narratives of violence", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F13": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Informing the Public, item 6", "quote": "Most recently, the CCC data have been used to rebut the narrative that there is “no resistance” to the second Trump administration. Instead, the CCC data demonstrate higher degrees of protest throughout 2025 than in 2017, a high degree of nonviolent discipline among anti-Trump protesters, and an increasing number of protests (and protest participants) in counties where Trump won majorities in 2024.", "claim": "its data rebut the narrative of “no resistance” to the second Trump administration: more protest in 2025 than in 2017, nonviolent discipline, growth in counties Trump won", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F14": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Informing the Public, item 6", "quote": "The CCC data also demonstrated that the No Kings protests in June and October of 2025 were among the largest single-day demonstrations in US history.", "claim": "its data showed the No Kings protests of June and October 2025 among the largest single-day demonstrations in US history", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F15": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Advancing Scholarship", "quote": "Academics routinely turn to the CCC data to study protest, counter-protest, and state response. Articles and essays published by the CCC team since 2017 have collectively garnered more than 600 scholarly citations so far.", "claim": "academics use the data to study protest, counter-protest and state response; the team’s articles have more than 600 scholarly citations", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "scholarship and commentary", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F16": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Meet the Team; commentary of May 10, 2024", "quote": "Erica Chenoweth … Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment … Jeremy Pressman … Senior Research Fellow, AY2025-2027 … Christopher Shay … Research Associate, Crowd Counting Consortium … Nonviolent Action Lab Program Director Jay Ulfelder", "claim": "the team: Erica Chenoweth, Jeremy Pressman, a research associate of the consortium among others; Jay Ulfelder the Lab’s program director", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "operator and institutional home: Harvard Kennedy School, UConn, the Nonviolent Action Lab", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F17": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Download the Data", "quote": "Protest event data from CCC’s three phases — 2017-2020, 2021-2024, and 2025 to the present — can be downloaded from the project’s Dataverse.", "claim": "the data in three phases, 2017–2020, 2021–2024, 2025 to the present, downloadable from the Dataverse", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F18": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Submit a Record", "quote": "We only post records that we can confirm and verify through fact-checking. When you submit a record, be sure to provide a source that is publicly verifiable", "claim": "only records confirmed and verified by fact-checking are posted; a submission must carry a publicly verifiable source", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "verification and privacy: the rules that bound the record", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F19": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "Submit a Record", "quote": "We will never post, release, or share identifying information that has not already been reported in the public domain.", "claim": "it will never share identifying information not already reported in the public domain", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "verification and privacy: the rules that bound the record", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F20": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "FAQ, What kind of actions are you collecting?", "quote": "We collect publicly available data on political crowds reported in the United States, including marches, protests, demonstrations, riots, and other actions. We do not count crowds at meetings, teach-ins or academic workshops, panel discussions, fundraisers, or town halls.", "claim": "its unit: political crowds reported in the US, riots among them; crowds at meetings, teach-ins, workshops, panels, fundraisers and town halls excluded", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the unit: what counts as a political crowd", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F21": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "FAQ, What do you intend to do with these data?", "quote": "Our goal is to make the aggregate data on crowd numbers publicly available for each event. We are collecting this data in the public interest and to further scholarly research.", "claim": "its goal: aggregate crowd numbers public for each event, in the public interest and for research", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F22": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "FAQ, Human Research Subject boards", "quote": "This is a public-interest project. The University of Denver’s Office of Research Integrity and Education determined that the project does not qualify as human subjects research and therefore does not require further review or oversight by its Institutional Review Board. The University of Connecticut made a similar determination.", "claim": "the University of Denver and UConn determined that it is not human subjects research", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "verification and privacy: the rules that bound the record", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F23": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "FAQ, Where can I get the data?; How should I cite these data?", "quote": "The data and associated documentation are shared via the Harvard Dataverse … Please include a citation to the Crowd Counting Consortium such as: Crowd Counting Consortium, crowdcounting.org, accessed September 17, 2021.", "claim": "data and documentation on the Harvard Dataverse; the citation form names crowdcounting.org", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F24": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "FAQ, Where does your funding come from?", "quote": "Funding is made possible in part by the Freedom Together Foundation, New Venture Fund, Humanity United, the John T. and Catherine D. MacArthur Foundation … Previously, we received support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York", "claim": "funded in part by foundations and university centres, previously by the Carnegie Corporation of New York", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "funding", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F25": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "FAQ, last paragraph", "quote": "We have collaborated with countlove.org , a volunteer group that developed a webcrawler to identify protests and demonstrations on a daily basis.", "claim": "it has collaborated with countlove.org, a volunteer group whose webcrawler identifies protests daily", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "method: public reports, verified submissions, a webcrawler", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F26": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "commentary list, Oct 23, 2024", "quote": "From 7 October 2023 to 7 June 2024, the Crowd Counting Consortium recorded nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine protests and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests in the United States. … Oct 23, 2024", "claim": "nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests recorded, 7 October 2023 to 7 June 2024", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "date": "2024-10-23", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F27": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "commentary list, May 30, 2024", "quote": "Crowd Counting Consortium data show more than 3,700 days with pro-Palestinian protest activity at over 500 U.S. schools since October 7, 2023, including encampments at more than 130 of them.", "claim": "pro-Palestinian protest at over 500 US schools since 7 October 2023, encampments at more than 130", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "date": "2024-05-30", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F28": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "commentary list, Aug 15, 2025 (the latest listed)", "quote": "New data shows No Kings was one of the largest days of protest in US history … Aug 15, 2025", "claim": "the latest commentary listed on the page, 15 August 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "versions and dates", "date": "2025-08-15", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F29": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "locus": "site header", "quote": "Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium", "claim": "Counting Crowds is the consortium’s blog", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "scholarship and commentary", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 3faf73a2972e7d94…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F30": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "locus": "About ¶2", "quote": "CCC records and shares its data in monthly Google Sheets, which you can find on the project’s View/Download the Data page .", "claim": "the data shared in monthly Google Sheets", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 3faf73a2972e7d94…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F31": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "locus": "About ¶3", "quote": "A compiled and augmented version of the complete dataset can be found in this GitHub repository , which is maintained by the Harvard Kennedy School’s Nonviolent Action Lab . We update that compiled version weekly, usually on Wednesdays.", "claim": "a compiled and augmented version kept on GitHub by the Nonviolent Action Lab, updated weekly, usually on Wednesdays", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 3faf73a2972e7d94…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F32": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "locus": "About ¶4", "quote": "You can also explore the compiled data online using this interactive dashboard .", "claim": "an interactive dashboard of the compiled data", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 3faf73a2972e7d94…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F33": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a collaborative project between Harvard University and University of Connecticut that has systematically collected data on political protest events across the United States since January 2017. The dataset encompasses rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience that articulate grievances against or express support for political targets.", "claim": "a third party restates the consortium: a Harvard–UConn project collecting data on US political protest events since January 2017, events that articulate grievances against or support for political targets", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "date": "undated (data January–May 2025; fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 58002492857a74eb…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F34": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶2 s1–2", "quote": "The dataset includes events that are open to the public, free of charge, and nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm to persons). Coverage extends to all U.S. states and territories, with no minimum crowd size requirement.", "claim": "the third party gives the dataset’s events as public, free and nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm), in all US states and territories, with no minimum crowd size", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the unit: what counts as a political crowd", "date": "undated (data January–May 2025; fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 58002492857a74eb…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F35": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶2 s3–4", "quote": "Virtual gatherings are included alongside physical events, reflecting the evolution of collective action especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Excluded are activities like paid fundraisers, workshops, campaign events closed to the public, and routine government meetings unless deliberately disrupted by protesters.", "claim": "virtual gatherings included; paid fundraisers, workshops, closed campaign events and routine government meetings excluded unless disrupted", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the unit: what counts as a political crowd", "date": "undated (data January–May 2025; fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 58002492857a74eb…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F36": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶2, end", "quote": "RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.", "claim": "the page's text carries the Claude assistant's interface string and its stated limit directly after its description of the dataset", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "a third-party page carrying a model’s interface string", "date": "undated (fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 58002492857a74eb…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F37": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "locus": "¶3–4", "quote": "Current dataset includes data from January 2025 to May 2025 . … View the project source on Codeberg .", "claim": "the page covers January to May 2025; its source on Codeberg", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "versions and dates", "date": "undated (fetched 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B3.txt (sha256 58002492857a74eb…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F38": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "post 'Hello, World!' (Posted by crowdcounters February 9, 2021), excerpt", "quote": "Welcome to the blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium, a.k.a. CCC. CCC is a public-interest and scholarly project that documents political crowds in public spaces in the United States. CCC emerged in early 2017 from an improptu collaboration between Professors Erica Chenoweth (Harvard University) and Jeremy Pressman (University of Connecticut)", "claim": "the blog’s first post: a public-interest and scholarly project documenting political crowds in public spaces in the US, from a 2017 collaboration of Chenoweth and Pressman", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "date": "2021-02-09", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 79b799fd98bb1d6e…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F39": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "post 'Nonviolent Action Lab Podcast Launches' (May 6, 2024), excerpt", "quote": "The Nonviolent Action Lab at Harvard Kennedy School‘s Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation—one of the two institutional pillars of this project, along with the University of Connecticut", "claim": "the Nonviolent Action Lab at the Ash Center is one of the project’s two institutional pillars, with UConn", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "operator and institutional home: Harvard Kennedy School, UConn, the Nonviolent Action Lab", "date": "2024-05-06", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 79b799fd98bb1d6e…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F40": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "post 'Three Things the Pro-Palestine Movement Is Not' (May 10, 2024), excerpt", "quote": "Protest encampments have sprung up over the past few weeks on more than 100 college and university campuses across the country", "claim": "encampments on more than 100 campuses in spring 2024", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "date": "2024-05-10", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 79b799fd98bb1d6e…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F41": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "locus": "post 'A15 Day of Action for Palestinian Liberation Delivers Intended Disruptions' (April 16, 2024), excerpt", "quote": "In the largest single day of deliberately disruptive protest activity in the United States since at least 2020, activists responded to the call for a global “coordinated economic blockade to free Palestine” with at least 26 acts of civil disobedience or direct actions in 23 different cities from coast to coast", "claim": "at least 26 acts of civil disobedience or direct action in 23 cities on 15 April 2024", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "date": "2024-04-16", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 79b799fd98bb1d6e…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F42": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "locus": "card snippet", "quote": "The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC), a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut, collects publicly available data on political ...", "claim": "the card restates the consortium’s definition (truncated)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "date": "undated (card only)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet on the rail (the source unreachable)" }, "F43": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "profile bio", "quote": "The Crowd Counting Consortium is co-directed by @ ericachenoweth and @ djpressman", "claim": "co-directed by Erica Chenoweth and Jeremy Pressman", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "operator and institutional home: Harvard Kennedy School, UConn, the Nonviolent Action Lab", "date": "undated (profile as served 2026-10-31)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 1d8f339175325627…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F44": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "post of Aug 29, 2024", "quote": "Since 2017, we've tallied 200,000 protests and rallies in the US...and counting.", "claim": "200,000 protests and rallies tallied since 2017, as of 29 August 2024", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "date": "2024-08-29", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 1d8f339175325627…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F45": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "post of Jul 3, 2020", "quote": "Continuing to count as we close in on 5000 listings of antiracism protests.", "claim": "nearly 5,000 listings of antiracism protests by 3 July 2020", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "date": "2020-07-03", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 1d8f339175325627…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F46": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "post of Apr 9, 2022", "quote": "Our latest, in cooperation with @CountLoveOrg", "claim": "work in cooperation with Count Love, April 2022", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "method: public reports, verified submissions, a webcrawler", "date": "2022-04-09", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 1d8f339175325627…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F47": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "locus": "profile", "quote": "crowdcounting.org … Joined February 2017", "claim": "the account links crowdcounting.org and joined in February 2017", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "origin and founders: the Women’s March of 21 January 2017", "date": "2017-02 (account joined)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 1d8f339175325627…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F48": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "rendered page notice", "quote": "Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.", "claim": "Wikipedia has no article on the consortium", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-10-31 (response)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 bbb95dff3981b209…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F49": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "Crowd counting, External links", "quote": "[https://ash.harvard.edu/programs/crowd-counting-consortium Crowd Counting Consortium] of the [[Harvard Kennedy School]]", "claim": "the article Crowd counting lists the consortium among its external links", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-10-31 (response)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 bbb95dff3981b209…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F50": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "locus": "Special:Search, results", "quote": "The five articles that mention the name: Erica Chenoweth; Crowd counting; Protests against Donald Trump; George Floyd protests; Gaza war protests in the United States.", "claim": "five articles mention the name, none an article on it", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-10-31 (response)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 bbb95dff3981b209…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F51": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "locus": "commentary list, Nov 28, 2023", "quote": "Since October 7, the Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) has recorded nearly 2,300 U.S. protests, rallies, marches, caravans, demonstrations, vigils, banner drops, and direct actions in support of Palestine or Israel, with hundreds of thousands of total participants on different sides of this mass mobilization. … Nov 28, 2023", "claim": "nearly 2,300 protests on Palestine or Israel since 7 October 2023, with hundreds of thousands of participants", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "date": "2023-11-28", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 bd9b30706a4f5a9d…), whitespace-normalised" } }, "field_sources": { "B1": "Harvard University — Crowd Counting Consortium – Ash Center", "B2": "Counting Crowds — About - Counting Crowds", "B3": "boB Rudis — Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data", "B4": "Counting Crowds — crowdcounters – Counting Crowds", "B5": "Policy Commons — Crowd Counting Consortium - Policy Commons", "B6": "X·crowdcounting — Crowd Counting (@crowdcounting) / X", "B7": "Wikipedia — Crowd Counting Consortium (no article)" }, "delta": { "T_vs_LB": "At 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (T1, six cards: B1–B6, B5 unreachable; 193 words, no closing offer) the composition gives the consortium's definition, founders and year, home, scope, scale and data access. Composed from its cards: the definition at the grain of the consortium's page and the Policy Commons card (B1 F2, B5 F42: 'a joint project … that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, including rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience'), as 'a joint research project that tracks and collects public data'; the founders and the Women's March (B1 F4; B4 F38, 'Professors Erica Chenoweth (Harvard University) and Jeremy Pressman (University of Connecticut)'), as 'Co-founded in 2017'; the home (B1 F3 'Part of Nonviolent Action Lab'; B4 F39 'one of the two institutional pillars'), as 'Operated in partnership with the Nonviolent Action Lab'; 'all U.S. states and territories with no minimum size requirement' at the resolution of the third party's page (B3 F34); the named mobilizations (B1 F8, F9, F11 by name: the 2017 Women's March, the 2018 March for Our Lives, the 2020 protests) and the encampments (B1 F27, B4 F40); the Dataverse (B1 F6, 'published monthly', as 'Published regularly'); the weekly compilation on GitHub, 'usually on Wednesdays' (B2 F31, as 'weekly on Wednesdays'); the dashboard (B2 F32). Substituted reading: the scope's 'public, nonviolent (and broader political) crowd events' composes the third party's 'nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm to persons)' (B3 F34, on a page whose text carries the Claude assistant's interface string, F36) first, and leaves out the consortium's own list, 'marches, protests, demonstrations, riots, and other actions' (B1 F20); the Capture Registry reads the same move against B1 (CAP-1-03, CAP-1-05). 'Operated in partnership with' composes the page's 'Part of' (F3) as a relation between two parties. Force raised: 'The project has tracked hundreds of thousands of individual demonstrations and rallies'; the field's count of events is '200,000 protests and rallies' as of 29 August 2024 (B6 F44), and 'hundreds of thousands' stands in the field only for participants, 'hundreds of thousands of total participants' in the Israel/Palestine protests of autumn 2023 (B1 F51). Limit dropped: the rules that bound the record, 'We only post records that we can confirm and verify through fact-checking' and the publicly verifiable source a submission must carry (B1 F18), 'We will never post, release, or share identifying information' (F19), the exclusions of the unit (crowds at meetings, teach-ins, workshops, panels, fundraisers and town halls, B1 F20; the third party's exclusions, B3 F35), the human subjects determinations (F22) (CAP-1-04, CAP-1-06). Available and uncomposed (§6.2): the consortium's own definition on card 1 (F1) and its goal of aggregate crowd numbers (F21); near-real-time expansion (F5); the three phases (F17); the citation form and crowdcounting.org (F23, F47); the Google Sheets (B2 F30); Count Love's webcrawler (F25, F46); the uses against prevailing narratives, 'overwhelmingly peaceful' (F11 composed by name only), 'generally peaceful' (F12), the rebuttal of 'no resistance' with 'a high degree of nonviolent discipline' (F13), No Kings (F14); the scholarly use and its 600 citations (F15); the commentary and its dates (F7, F28); the counts (F26, F45, F41); funding (F24); co-direction (F43); the team (F16); the third party's January–May 2025 bound and its model-composed text (F36, F37). Outside the cards: 'strikes' in the definition (no field claim: the page's list is 'rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience', F2, and 'marches, protests, demonstrations, riots, and other actions', F20; the census tags the record 'NOT a labor dataset', ML-23); 'hundreds of thousands of individual demonstrations' (above); 'Counting Crowds Website' for the dashboard (B2 F32 'this interactive dashboard'). Composed without attribution: none at the name (the founders and institutions named, CAP-1-08); the third party's 'no minimum crowd size requirement' is composed at its resolution with a marker whose target is a Google redirect URL. Content replaced by use: T1-8's 'You can explore data visuals' addresses the reader, the dashboard (F32) carried as an action. Of the cards' 48 readable claims, T composes 15 at their grain or coarser.", "T_vs_LB_reading": "v0.9 §0.5: the first diff is ontological and narrow. T and the field agree on the entity (the protest-event project and its data). T composes the consortium at the grain of its own page and its blog on founders, home and access, and takes its scope's first term from the third party's page, a page whose text carries a model's interface string, over the consortium's own list with riots; it adds strikes, which no card states, and raises the count of events to the order of magnitude the field gives only for participants; and it leaves out the verification and privacy rules that the consortium's page states as the bounds of its record.", "LB_vs_LBA": "Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the census's question of whose record, who holds it and whether the losing side is kept (ML-25, ML-26), its anchor's conditions for the losing position, organ, holder and route (O1725-02, ML-28), and #1725's stated limit that no cross-organization dataset of left splits was found (O1725-01); the census's answers field by field, each restating its basis on the consortium's page where it has one (ML-01–ML-29): its kind, unit and record object, its holder (a university project funded by foundations and university centres), its method, its counts ('not stated as a total'), its limits and tags ('NOT a labor dataset'), and its losing side, 'not recorded', with the census's reading of the dataset as a holder independent of the movements and governments it counts, which keeps the crowd and leaves the internal argument of the movement unrecorded (ML-10, ML-17, ML-18); and the Capture Registry's account of the composition at the name (CAP-1-01–CAP-1-11). Not surfaced: every archive source; no card cites the census record.", "alignment": { "T1_cards_claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F42", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46", "F47", "F51" ], "T1_composed": [ "F2", "F42", "F4", "F38", "F3", "F39", "F34", "F8", "F9", "F11", "F27", "F40", "F6", "F31", "F32" ], "T1_outside_cards": [ "'strikes' (no field claim; B1 F2 and F20 list rallies, marches, demonstrations, riots and acts of civil disobedience)", "'hundreds of thousands of individual demonstrations and rallies' (B6 F44: 200,000 protests and rallies, 2024-08-29; B1 F51: 'hundreds of thousands of total participants')", "'Counting Crowds Website' as the place of 'data visuals and project updates' (B2 F32 names an interactive dashboard)", "'Operated in partnership with' (B1 F3: 'Part of')" ], "rule": "a field claim counts as composed when T states it at its source's grain or coarser; the typology of what is not is in T_vs_LB (§6.2)" } }, "kernel": [ { "K": "K1", "claim": "`ML-01`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K2", "claim": "`ML-03`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K3", "claim": "`ML-05`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K4", "claim": "`ML-25`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K5", "claim": "`ML-26`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K6", "claim": "`ML-04`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K7", "claim": "`ML-29`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K8", "claim": "`O1725-02`", "source": "#1725", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the losing side: organ, holder and route (#1725)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K9", "claim": "`ML-28`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the losing side: organ, holder and route (#1725)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K10", "claim": "`ML-27`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "origin and founders: the Women’s March of 21 January 2017", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K11", "claim": "`ML-02`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "operator and institutional home: Harvard Kennedy School, UConn, the Nonviolent Action Lab", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K12", "claim": "`ML-09`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K13", "claim": "`ML-06`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the unit: what counts as a political crowd", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K14", "claim": "`ML-07`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the unit: what counts as a political crowd", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K15", "claim": "`ML-08`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K16", "claim": "`ML-11`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "method: public reports, verified submissions, a webcrawler", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K17", "claim": "`ML-15`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "verification and privacy: the rules that bound the record", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K18", "claim": "`ML-23`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K19", "claim": "`ML-12`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K20", "claim": "`ML-19`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F30 (monthly Google Sheets) beside F6", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K21", "claim": "`ML-20`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K22", "claim": "`ML-24`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K23", "claim": "`ML-13`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "counts: the record’s tallies", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F44 (200,000 protests and rallies, 2024-08-29)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K24", "claim": "`ML-14`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "scholarship and commentary", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K25", "claim": "`ML-16`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K26", "claim": "`ML-21`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "versions and dates", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K27", "claim": "`ML-22`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "versions and dates", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the field states the claim at its basis on B1; the archive's instance restates it)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K28", "claim": "`ML-10`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K29", "claim": "`ML-17`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K30", "claim": "`ML-18`", "source": "maryleelabor census record, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "what the census asks: whose record, who holds it, the losing side", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K31", "claim": "`O1725-01`", "source": "#1725", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the losing side: organ, holder and route (#1725)", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K32", "claim": "`CAP-1-01`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K33", "claim": "`CAP-1-02`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K34", "claim": "`CAP-1-08`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K35", "claim": "`CAP-1-09`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K36", "claim": "`CAP-1-10`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K37", "claim": "`CAP-1-11`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K38", "claim": "`CAP-1-03`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F34 (the third party's 'nonviolent') and F20 (the consortium's list with riots)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K39", "claim": "`CAP-1-05`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F20 (the consortium's list) against F34", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K40", "claim": "`CAP-1-04`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K41", "claim": "`CAP-1-06`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K42", "claim": "`CAP-1-07`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-10-31", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at 'Crowd Counting Consortium' (ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" } ], "kernel_T": [ { "claim": "F18", "note": "the fact-checking rule and the verifiable-source requirement, absent" }, { "claim": "F19", "note": "the identifying-information rule, absent" }, { "claim": "F20", "note": "the consortium's own list (riots) and the exclusions of the unit, absent; the third party's 'nonviolent' composed first" }, { "claim": "F44", "note": "the field's count, 200,000 protests and rallies (2024-08-29), raised to 'hundreds of thousands'" }, { "claim": "F22", "note": "the human subjects determinations, absent" }, { "claim": "F25", "note": "Count Love's webcrawler, absent" }, { "claim": "F13", "note": "the rebuttal of 'no resistance' and the nonviolent discipline of 2025, absent" }, { "claim": "F12", "note": "the 2023–2024 pro-Palestine protests as 'generally peaceful', absent" }, { "claim": "F17", "note": "the three phases of the data, absent" }, { "claim": "F36", "note": "the third party's page carrying a model's interface string, the page from which 'nonviolent' and 'no minimum size' are composed" } ], "ledger": { "archive": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/crowd-counting-consortium/ledger-archive.json", "field": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/crowd-counting-consortium/field.json", "selection": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/crowd-counting-consortium/", "config": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/panel/configs/crowd-counting-consortium.json", "intake": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/", "audit": null }, "ontology": { "composition": "equal", "composition_note": "equal-terms case (v0.9 §0.9, §4.1): one claim space; the field's and the archive's claims ordered together by the entity's dependency and by genealogy within each sense; nothing translated; F20 against F34 (with CAP-1-03, CAP-1-05), F6 beside F30, and F44 beside F51 and ML-13 held under P_coh", "case": { "value": "equal", "statement": "The archive reads the field's entity as the entity. The maryleelabor census describes the Crowd Counting Consortium from its own page, each field with its basis ('operator'), and answers for it the census's question of whose record it keeps, who holds it and whether it keeps the losing side in a form that could be taken up later; its one reading of its own, ml_reading, takes the dataset as a holder independent of the movements and governments it counts, which keeps the crowd and leaves the movement's internal argument unrecorded. The census's anchor, #1725, supplies the question's terms (organ, holder, route; the losing position) and states that no cross-organization dataset of left splits was found; it does not name the entity, and the census enters the entity under its question. The capture record checks the composition against the consortium's page. No other deposit names the entity or says anything of protest event data or of nonviolent action as a class (D 0, R 0; three class matches read and rejected; the hop from #1725 rejected). No defining paper or record contests the field's ontology of the entity or supplies one the field lacks: the archive adds the census's question and its answer on the field's own object (a dataset of political crowds that keeps no record of the positions argued inside the movements it counts) and the composition layer's account at the name. ρ = extends, the equal-terms case (§0.9, §1.2a).", "loci": [ { "dep": "ML", "locus": "census.json organizing_question", "quote": "Whose record does it keep, who holds it, and does it keep the losing side in a form that could be taken up later?" }, { "dep": "ML", "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'crowd-counting-consortium'].record['losing_side']", "quote": "not recorded. The data are used to study protest, counter-protest and state response; the saved page shows nothing of the positions, splits or dissent inside the movements counted" }, { "dep": "ML", "locus": "census.json rows[slug == 'crowd-counting-consortium'].ml_reading", "quote": "none stated. The archive reads the dataset as a holder independent of the movements and governments it counts, whose record has been used against prevailing narratives (that the 2020 uprising was violent; that there was 'no resistance' in 2025). It keeps the crowd and leaves the internal argument of the movement unrecorded." }, { "dep": 1725, "locus": "Conclusion, ¶1 (line 369)", "quote": "The decisive variable in the record is what happens to the losing position after the decision. The amount of conflict matters far less. Synthesis followed where the defeated critique kept three things: an organ in which it could keep being stated, a holder with standing independent of the executive, and a route by which the majority could later adopt it without calling that adoption surrender." }, { "dep": 1725, "locus": "§ What the evidence says against the hypothesis, closing paragraph (line 91)", "quote": "One caution applies to the whole sample. The research collected notable conflicts, and no cross-organization dataset of left splits, or of minority positions later adopted, was found for any period. The pattern is strong across the cases examined. Its frequency across the left as a whole is unmeasured." }, { "dep": "capture-registry", "locus": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031, analysis", "quote": "Faithful on founders, home and data. The composition puts 'nonviolent' first in a scope the consortium states without it, and leaves out the verification and privacy rules that bound the record." } ] }, "E_F": { "type": "C (public entity: a university project publishing a dataset of US protest events)", "definition": "the joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut, part of the Nonviolent Action Lab at the Ash Center, that emerged from Jeremy Pressman and Erica Chenoweth's effort to estimate the participants in the Women's March of 21 January 2017 and collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States (rallies, marches, demonstrations, riots and acts of civil disobedience; crowds at meetings, teach-ins, workshops, panels, fundraisers and town halls excluded), posting only records confirmed through fact-checking and sharing no identifying information not already public, with aggregate crowd numbers for each event published monthly on the Harvard Dataverse in three phases since 2017 (and, on its blog, in monthly Google Sheets and a weekly compilation on GitHub); co-directed by Chenoweth and Pressman; 200,000 protests and rallies tallied by August 2024; its data used to show the size and the nonviolence of named mobilizations; described by a third party's page, whose text carries a model's interface string, as a dataset of nonviolent public events; with no Wikipedia article", "claims": [ "F2", "F1", "F3", "F4", "F20", "F18", "F19", "F21", "F6", "F17", "F30", "F31", "F43", "F44", "F8", "F11", "F13", "F34", "F36", "F48" ] }, "E_A": { "definition": "the same project, in the maryleelabor census record, the census's anchor and the capture record: a public interest and scholarly project publishing an event dataset, in the census's area of labor action and tagged 'NOT a labor dataset', whose unit is a political protest event reported in the United States with crowd numbers; whose record keeps political crowds (occurrence, themes and scale, as reported or submitted with a verifiable source), held by a university project funded by foundations and university centres; whose losing side is not recorded, the positions argued inside a movement left unanswered; read by the census as a holder independent of the movements and governments it counts, which keeps the crowd and leaves the movement's internal argument unrecorded; under the question #1725 draws from the survival of a losing position through organ, holder and route, with #1725's limit that no cross-organization dataset of left splits was found; and whose composition at its own name is faithful on founders, home and data, puts 'nonviolent' first and leaves out the verification and privacy rules (Capture Registry, 2026-10-31)", "claims": [ "ML-01", "ML-04", "ML-06", "ML-08", "ML-09", "ML-10", "ML-17", "ML-18", "ML-23", "ML-25", "ML-28", "O1725-01", "O1725-02", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04" ], "defining_papers": [ 1725 ], "defining_records": [ "maryleelabor left-and-labor census record (census.json rows[slug == 'crowd-counting-consortium'], organizing_question, anchor, areas, schema_note; rendered aggregators/crowd-counting-consortium/index.html; editor Lee Sharks, compiled 2026-10-31, schema 1.0)", "Capture Registry crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031 (OBS-1d7507d26f51)" ] }, "rho": { "value": "extends", "status": "read from the maryleelabor census record, its anchor #1725 at its passages on datasets of the left, holders and the losing side, and the capture record (§1.2a); no deposit names the entity", "statement": "The archive reads the Crowd Counting Consortium as its own page presents it and adds, on the field's own object: the census's question of whose record it keeps, who holds it and whether the losing side is kept; the answer that it keeps the crowd and records nothing of the positions, splits or dissent inside the movements it counts, and so answers neither labor action as such nor which tendency organized an event; the census's reading of it as a holder independent of the movements and governments it counts; #1725's conditions for a losing position's survival and its stated limit that no dataset of left splits was found; and the composition layer's narrowing of its scope and omission of its rules at its name.", "claims": [ "ML-25", "ML-10", "ML-17", "ML-18", "ML-23", "O1725-02", "O1725-01", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04" ], "guard": "ρ = extends claims an addition and no more (§1.2a). It does not make the field's sources wrong at their dates. Where an archive claim stands against a field claim (CAP-1-03 and CAP-1-05 against F34, the third party's 'nonviolent'; ML-13, no total stated, beside F44, the X account's 200,000), both are composed under P_coh within the one ontology. #1725's claims are claims on the records of the left and its movements, the class into which the census enters the consortium, never on the entity by the composer's judgment.", "considered": [ { "value": "constructs", "rejected": "the archive does not read the entity as made by reception; its records take the consortium's own page as its account" }, { "value": "revises", "rejected": "the entity is not the archive's own; the archive has no earlier statement of it to keep, narrow or withdraw" } ] }, "translation": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States", "field_claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F5", "F21", "F33", "F38", "F42" ], "received": "F1 (B1, header): \"A public interest and scholarly project to document protests and demonstrations in the United States.\"; F2 (B1, ¶1): \"The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, including rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience.\"; F5 (B1, ¶2 s2): \"Since then, the project has expanded to provide near-real-time information on trends in the occurrence, themes, and scale of American protest activity.\"; F21 (B1, FAQ, What do you intend to do with these data?): \"Our goal is to make the aggregate data on crowd numbers publicly available for each event. We are collecting this data in the public interest and to further scholarly research.\"; F33 (B3, ¶1): \"The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a collaborative project between Harvard University and University of Connecticut that has systematically collected data on political protest events across the United States since January 2017. The dataset encompasses rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience that articulate grievances against or express support for political targets.\"; F38 (B4, post 'Hello, World!' (Posted by crowdcounters February 9, 2021), excerpt): \"Welcome to the blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium, a.k.a. CCC. CCC is a public-interest and scholarly project that documents political crowds in public spaces in the United States. CCC emerged in early 2017 from an improptu collaboration between Professors Erica Chenoweth (Harvard University) and Jeremy Pressman (University of Connecticut)\"; F42 (B5, card snippet): \"The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC), a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut, collects publicly available data on political ...\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-01, ML-03", "archive_claims": [ "ML-01", "ML-03" ] }, { "lineage": "origin and founders: the Women’s March of 21 January 2017", "field_claims": [ "F4", "F47" ], "received": "F4 (B1, ¶2 s1): \"The CCC first emerged from a collaborative effort by Jeremy Pressman (UConn) and Erica Chenoweth (HKS) to estimate the number of participants in the Women’s March on Washington (and its affiliated sister marches nationwide) on January 21, 2017.\"; F47 (B6, profile): \"crowdcounting.org … Joined February 2017\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-27", "archive_claims": [ "ML-27" ] }, { "lineage": "operator and institutional home: Harvard Kennedy School, UConn, the Nonviolent Action Lab", "field_claims": [ "F3", "F16", "F39", "F43" ], "received": "F3 (B1, sidebar, Part of): \"Part of Nonviolent Action Lab\"; F16 (B1, Meet the Team; commentary of May 10, 2024): \"Erica Chenoweth … Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment … Jeremy Pressman … Senior Research Fellow, AY2025-2027 … Christopher Shay … Research Associate, Crowd Counting Consortium … Nonviolent Action Lab Program Director Jay Ulfelder\"; F39 (B4, post 'Nonviolent Action Lab Podcast Launches' (May 6, 2024), excerpt): \"The Nonviolent Action Lab at Harvard Kennedy School‘s Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation—one of the two institutional pillars of this project, along with the University of Connecticut\"; F43 (B6, profile bio): \"The Crowd Counting Consortium is co-directed by @ ericachenoweth and @ djpressman\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-02", "archive_claims": [ "ML-02" ] }, { "lineage": "funding", "field_claims": [ "F24" ], "received": "F24 (B1, FAQ, Where does your funding come from?): \"Funding is made possible in part by the Freedom Together Foundation, New Venture Fund, Humanity United, the John T. and Catherine D. MacArthur Foundation … Previously, we received support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-09", "archive_claims": [ "ML-09" ] }, { "lineage": "the unit: what counts as a political crowd", "field_claims": [ "F20", "F34", "F35" ], "received": "F20 (B1, FAQ, What kind of actions are you collecting?): \"We collect publicly available data on political crowds reported in the United States, including marches, protests, demonstrations, riots, and other actions. We do not count crowds at meetings, teach-ins or academic workshops, panel discussions, fundraisers, or town halls.\"; F34 (B3, ¶2 s1–2): \"The dataset includes events that are open to the public, free of charge, and nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm to persons). Coverage extends to all U.S. states and territories, with no minimum crowd size requirement.\"; F35 (B3, ¶2 s3–4): \"Virtual gatherings are included alongside physical events, reflecting the evolution of collective action especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Excluded are activities like paid fundraisers, workshops, campaign events closed to the public, and routine government meetings unless deliberately disrupted by protesters.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-06, ML-07", "archive_claims": [ "ML-06", "ML-07" ] }, { "lineage": "a third-party page carrying a model’s interface string", "field_claims": [ "F36" ], "received": "F36 (B3, ¶2, end): \"RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside no archive claim", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "versions and dates", "field_claims": [ "F28", "F37" ], "received": "F28 (B1, commentary list, Aug 15, 2025 (the latest listed)): \"New data shows No Kings was one of the largest days of protest in US history … Aug 15, 2025\"; F37 (B3, ¶3–4): \"Current dataset includes data from January 2025 to May 2025 . … View the project source on Codeberg .\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-21, ML-22", "archive_claims": [ "ML-21", "ML-22" ] }, { "lineage": "method: public reports, verified submissions, a webcrawler", "field_claims": [ "F25", "F46" ], "received": "F25 (B1, FAQ, last paragraph): \"We have collaborated with countlove.org , a volunteer group that developed a webcrawler to identify protests and demonstrations on a daily basis.\"; F46 (B6, post of Apr 9, 2022): \"Our latest, in cooperation with @CountLoveOrg\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-11", "archive_claims": [ "ML-11" ] }, { "lineage": "verification and privacy: the rules that bound the record", "field_claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F22" ], "received": "F18 (B1, Submit a Record): \"We only post records that we can confirm and verify through fact-checking. When you submit a record, be sure to provide a source that is publicly verifiable\"; F19 (B1, Submit a Record): \"We will never post, release, or share identifying information that has not already been reported in the public domain.\"; F22 (B1, FAQ, Human Research Subject boards): \"This is a public-interest project. The University of Denver’s Office of Research Integrity and Education determined that the project does not qualify as human subjects research and therefore does not require further review or oversight by its Institutional Review Board. The University of Connecticut made a similar determination.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-15", "archive_claims": [ "ML-15" ] }, { "lineage": "data access: the Dataverse, monthly; Google Sheets; a weekly compilation", "field_claims": [ "F6", "F17", "F23", "F30", "F31", "F32" ], "received": "F6 (B1, ¶3 s1): \"CCC data are published monthly on a publicly accessible Dataverse, for use by scholars, journalists, movement leaders, and others.\"; F17 (B1, Download the Data): \"Protest event data from CCC’s three phases — 2017-2020, 2021-2024, and 2025 to the present — can be downloaded from the project’s Dataverse.\"; F23 (B1, FAQ, Where can I get the data?; How should I cite these data?): \"The data and associated documentation are shared via the Harvard Dataverse … Please include a citation to the Crowd Counting Consortium such as: Crowd Counting Consortium, crowdcounting.org, accessed September 17, 2021.\"; F30 (B2, About ¶2): \"CCC records and shares its data in monthly Google Sheets, which you can find on the project’s View/Download the Data page .\"; F31 (B2, About ¶3): \"A compiled and augmented version of the complete dataset can be found in this GitHub repository , which is maintained by the Harvard Kennedy School’s Nonviolent Action Lab . We update that compiled version weekly, usually on Wednesdays.\"; F32 (B2, About ¶4): \"You can also explore the compiled data online using this interactive dashboard .\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-12, ML-19, ML-20", "archive_claims": [ "ML-12", "ML-19", "ML-20" ] }, { "lineage": "scholarship and commentary", "field_claims": [ "F7", "F15", "F29" ], "received": "F7 (B1, ¶3 s2): \"The NVA Lab regularly publishes commentary and analysis pieces based on the CCC data, advancing both scholarly and public understandings of protest in the US.\"; F15 (B1, Advancing Scholarship): \"Academics routinely turn to the CCC data to study protest, counter-protest, and state response. Articles and essays published by the CCC team since 2017 have collectively garnered more than 600 scholarly citations so far.\"; F29 (B2, site header): \"Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-14", "archive_claims": [ "ML-14" ] }, { "lineage": "counts: the record’s tallies", "field_claims": [ "F26", "F27", "F40", "F41", "F44", "F45", "F51" ], "received": "F26 (B1, commentary list, Oct 23, 2024): \"From 7 October 2023 to 7 June 2024, the Crowd Counting Consortium recorded nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine protests and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests in the United States. … Oct 23, 2024\"; F27 (B1, commentary list, May 30, 2024): \"Crowd Counting Consortium data show more than 3,700 days with pro-Palestinian protest activity at over 500 U.S. schools since October 7, 2023, including encampments at more than 130 of them.\"; F40 (B4, post 'Three Things the Pro-Palestine Movement Is Not' (May 10, 2024), excerpt): \"Protest encampments have sprung up over the past few weeks on more than 100 college and university campuses across the country\"; F41 (B4, post 'A15 Day of Action for Palestinian Liberation Delivers Intended Disruptions' (April 16, 2024), excerpt): \"In the largest single day of deliberately disruptive protest activity in the United States since at least 2020, activists responded to the call for a global “coordinated economic blockade to free Palestine” with at least 26 acts of civil disobedience or direct actions in 23 different cities from coast to coast\"; F44 (B6, post of Aug 29, 2024): \"Since 2017, we've tallied 200,000 protests and rallies in the US...and counting.\"; F45 (B6, post of Jul 3, 2020): \"Continuing to count as we close in on 5000 listings of antiracism protests.\"; F51 (B1, commentary list, Nov 28, 2023): \"Since October 7, the Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) has recorded nearly 2,300 U.S. protests, rallies, marches, caravans, demonstrations, vigils, banner drops, and direct actions in support of Palestine or Israel, with hundreds of thousands of total participants on different sides of this mass mobilization. … Nov 28, 2023\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside ML-13", "archive_claims": [ "ML-13" ] }, { "lineage": "uses: the record against prevailing narratives", "field_claims": [ "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14" ], "received": "F8 (B1, Informing the Public, item 1): \"CCC data were used to demonstrate that, at that time, the 2017 Women’s March was the largest single-day demonstration in US history.\"; F9 (B1, Informing the Public, item 2): \"CCC data were used to demonstrate that, at that time, the 2018 March for Our Lives and #Enough Walkouts were the broadest single day demonstration if U.S. history (occurring in over 4400 distinct locations).\"; F10 (B1, Informing the Public, item 3): \"CCC data underlie an influential New York Times analysis demonstrating that, at that time, protests in 2020 following George Floyd’s murder constituted the largest and broadest mobilization in U.S. history.\"; F11 (B1, Informing the Public, item 4): \"Relatedly, CCC data support the claim that the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising was overwhelmingly peaceful , especially relative to the heavy-handed police response.\"; F12 (B1, Informing the Public, item 5): \"CCC data underpin an analysis of the 2023-2024 pro-Palestine protests, which were also generally peaceful , despite common narratives that the protests were violent.\"; F13 (B1, Informing the Public, item 6): \"Most recently, the CCC data have been used to rebut the narrative that there is “no resistance” to the second Trump administration. Instead, the CCC data demonstrate higher degrees of protest throughout 2025 than in 2017, a high degree of nonviolent discipline among anti-Trump protesters, and an increasing number of protests (and protest participants) in counties where Trump won majorities in 2024.\"; F14 (B1, Informing the Public, item 6): \"The CCC data also demonstrated that the No Kings protests in June and October of 2025 were among the largest single-day demonstrations in US history.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside no archive claim", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "field_claims": [ "F48", "F49", "F50" ], "received": "F48 (B7, rendered page notice): \"Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.\"; F49 (B7, Crowd counting, External links): \"[https://ash.harvard.edu/programs/crowd-counting-consortium Crowd Counting Consortium] of the [[Harvard Kennedy School]]\"; F50 (B7, Special:Search, results): \"The five articles that mention the name: Erica Chenoweth; Crowd counting; Protests against Donald Trump; George Floyd protests; Gaza war protests in the United States.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside no archive claim", "archive_claims": [] } ], "receiving_texts": "equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with" }, "measure": { "rule": "v0.9 §4.10: KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as apply_v09.py does: difflib.SequenceMatcher ratio, the best KO sentence for each KO_B sentence)", "v0.9": { "surviving": 0, "of": 12, "positions": [ null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null ] }, "opening_run": { "rule": "v0.9 §5.10 (equal-terms case): the field-only KO's sentences as the KO's opening run in their own order", "breach": false }, "blocks": { "rule": "v0.9 §4.1 (equal-terms and mixed cases): the KO does not open with the field as a block or close with the archive as one; sentences typed by the ledgers of the claims they cite (F field-only, A archive-only, M both)", "sequence": "MFAAMMMMFFMMMMAFAFMAAAAMAF", "field_only_head": 0, "archive_only_tail": 0, "breach": false }, "max_similarity": [ 0.415, 0.212, 0.33, 0.144, 0.203, 0.112, 0.193, 0.089, 0.172, 0.43, 0.237, 0.673 ], "ko_sentence_1_max_similarity_to_KO_B": 0.345 }, "homonyms": { "names": [], "basis": "The census row carries no disambiguation field. No card is a homonym, and T composes no other entity under the name. CCC and crowdcounting.org are the census's other names for the entity; @crowdcounting its X handle; Counting Crowds its blog. The distinct entities below are named by the field or the census beside the entity and are never senses of its name.", "distinct_entities": [ "crowd counting, the estimation of crowd sizes (the Wikipedia article 'Crowd counting', B7 F49), a homonym of the name's common noun; the article lists the consortium in its external links", "the Nonviolent Action Lab and the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation at Harvard Kennedy School, its institutional home (B1 F3, B4 F39)", "Erica Chenoweth and Jeremy Pressman, its co-directors (persons; B6 F43); Jay Ulfelder, the Lab's program director (B1 F16)", "Count Love (countlove.org), the volunteer group whose webcrawler it has used (B1 F25, B6 F46)", "the Harvard Dataverse, where its data are published (B1 F6)", "boB Rudis, the author of the third-party page on its 2025 data (B3), and the Claude assistant, whose interface string that page's text carries (F36)", "Policy Commons, the platform of card 5 (B5)", "the Labor Action Tracker, the Global Nonviolent Action Database and the other entities of the maryleelabor census, its neighbours in the area labor action; their /non rows are being composed on 2026-10-31 (not read or edited here)" ], "substitutes": { "T": [] }, "register": { "address_1": { "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031", "obs_id": "OBS-1d7507d26f51" } } }, "notes": [ "One address, Google AI Overview (expanded), signed out, incognito, 2026-10-31: crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031 (OBS-1d7507d26f51, ADDR-cdd1faf8a14e, AXN:0B5C.CAPTURE.🌌🗂️⚪✊🦋◀️), six cards, 193 words in the answer body, no closing offer. A NEW address (CAP-1-09); the run was the operator's, with the paste received 2026-10-31 18:44 EDT; the census record was compiled the same day and no card cites it.", "Card 3 (boB Rudis, 'Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data', rud.is/obs/framework2/ccc/) carries in its text, directly after its two descriptive paragraphs, 'RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.' (F36): the description was carried into the page from a session with the Claude assistant. The composition's 'nonviolent' and 'no minimum size requirement' are that page's (F34). The composer of this row is a Claude model.", "Card snippets: the snippets of card 1 ('Project: … Scope: Collect...') and card 4 ('Overview: Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a scholarly project … co-founded by …') are not on their pages; they are compositions of the rail. Cards 2, 3, 5 and 6 carry verbatim snippets. The transcript's markers point to Google redirect URLs that the paste does not resolve to cards.", "Fetching: every reachable page saved verbatim with curl and the census agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; maryleelabor-left-census)' on 2026-10-31 between 22:58 and 23:01 UTC, raw and text with sha256 in field.json. Card URLs: B1 the census's url (the card's refetch differs from the census's saved copy in markup only; text identical; the census's copy carried as B1.html); B2 and B3 by WebSearch on title and site; B4 the WordPress author archive named in the card's title; B6 the handle. Unreachable: B5, Policy Commons, no URL in three searches; the site's organisation path for the name refused the census agent with a bot check (HTTP 403, 'Just a moment...'); not retried with another agent string or by another route; its snippet stands (F42). The Wikipedia API search returned HTTP 429 twice and was not retried further; the Special:Search page answered.", "The archive subset: no archive text names the Crowd Counting Consortium, crowdcounting, Counting Crowds, Erica Chenoweth or Count Love (D 0, R 0; grep of data/texts and data/deposits). The string pass returned one O-class candidate (#469); every archive paragraph matching an alias or class pattern was read (5 matches in #469, #579, #950), and none was admitted. #1725, the census's anchor, was read at its passages on datasets of the left, holders and the losing side and admitted at O-class with two claims (lines 91, 369), its class membership sourced by the archive (the census enters the consortium under #1725's question). The hop from #1725 (42 deposits it cites) admitted none. The archive's labor instruments (DSL, #771; the directionality stack; user labor drag) bear on labor performed with AI and on none of the entity's classes.", "Defects and gaps in the maryleelabor census record (reported here and left as they stand): (a) count.value 'not stated as a total in the saved source' holds for the saved page; card 6, the consortium's X account, states a total, '200,000 protests and rallies' as of 29 August 2024 (F44), which the census did not read. (b) data_access and record.holder give the Harvard Dataverse, monthly; the consortium's blog, card 2, states 'monthly Google Sheets' and a weekly GitHub compilation (F30, F31), which the census does not record (the page is undated; which venue is current is open). (c) unchecked lists 'the crowdcounting.org site named in the citation form'; the X profile links it as the account's site (F47), still unread. (d) The census names Pressman and Chenoweth as the founders and omits the co-direction the X profile states (F43) and Jay Ulfelder, the Lab's program director named on the page (F16); not a contradiction. (e) method 'news-derived event coding' is the census's description; the page states 'publicly available data on political protest events reported' (F2) and the countlove.org webcrawler (F25). (f) The census row has no disambiguation field (as on the other census rows). No field of the record is contradicted by the fetched sources on the entity's identity, operator, founding, kind, unit, limits or access.", "Observations on the capture (reported here and left as they stand): (a) findings[0] ('THE SCOPE AT ITS GRAIN, WITH A NARROWING … it does not restrict its count to nonviolent events') holds against the consortium's page (B1 F20, 'riots' among the crowds it collects), and the narrowing is stated on a card the composition surfaced: card 3, the third party's page, gives the dataset's events as 'nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm to persons)' (B3 F34), on a page whose text carries a model's interface string (F36). The finding names the page and leaves the card out, so the composition's 'nonviolent' reads in the record as unsourced where the field ledger shows it sourced to card 3. (b) The capture's findings and analysis do not name two moves the field ledger shows: 'strikes' in the composition's definition, stated by no card (the census tags the record 'NOT a labor dataset'); and 'hundreds of thousands of individual demonstrations and rallies', where the field's count is 200,000 protests and rallies (B6 F44, 2024-08-29) and 'hundreds of thousands' is the field's figure for participants (B1 F51). (c) d's 'Six cards: Harvard, Counting Crowds (two), boB Rudis, Policy Commons, X' and per_note are borne out by the field. findings[1], the reading and the analysis are borne out by the field.", "Related rows: none read or edited. The census's neighbours in the area labor action (labor-action-tracker, gnad and the others) are being composed in parallel on 2026-10-31. The composition is on Google AI Overview, whose row is datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/google-ai-overviews.json (not edited)." ], "composition_v09": { "source": "this row (composed directly; no rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v09/crowd-counting-consortium.json)", "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-10-31 (a Claude model; card 3 carries the Claude assistant's interface string, F36)", "defining_material_read": [ { "what": "maryleelabor census record, row", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/data/left-census/census.json (rows[slug == 'crowd-counting-consortium'], organizing_question, anchor, areas, schema_note)", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "maryleelabor census row file", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/data/left-census/rows/crowd-counting-consortium.py", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "maryleelabor census record, rendered", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/aggregators/crowd-counting-consortium/index.html", "read": "text, for agreement with the row" }, { "what": "census source", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/maryleelabor-org/data/left-census/sources/crowd-counting-consortium--home.* and sources/manifest.json", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "capture record", "file": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json (crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031)", "read": "transcript, transcript_raw, cite_list, d, reading, findings, analysis, mt, q_kind, per_note, per_dim, originator, notes" }, { "dep": 1725, "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B50-text.md", "read": "the abstract (line 51), § What the evidence says against the hypothesis (lines 87–91), § What held critique (lines 161–170), § Gaps and next instruments (lines 334–351), the holder passages (lines 113, 141, 313, 317, 359, 361, 365, 373, 377–381) and the Conclusion (lines 367–372)" }, { "what": "the specification", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0700-text.md", "read": "§0–§11 whole" }, { "what": "the briefs", "file": "rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LEFT.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LABOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-PROVENANCE.md, BRIEF.md (Compose)", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "exemplar rows", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/turkopticon.json (with its ledgers, config and reading)", "read": "structure and shapes, field by field" } ], "cuts": [], "notes": "equal case; KO 26 sentences, 51 of 51 field and 42 of 42 archive claims cited; P body 303 words; KO_B 12 sentences, 0 surviving at ≥ 0.95" }, "field_by_origin": { "cards": [ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6" ], "own_pages": [], "own_pages_note": "the census's one own page (crowd-counting-consortium--home) is card 1 (B1), carried once, as a card", "wikipedia": [ "B7" ], "census_third_party": [], "unreachable": [ "B5" ], "title_only": [ "B5" ], "wikipedia_state": "no article: 'Crowd Counting Consortium' is absent (raw wikitext HTTP 404; rendered page HTTP 404 'Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name.'), no redirect; a full-text search of article space for \"Crowd Counting Consortium\" returns five articles that mention it (Erica Chenoweth; Crowd counting; Protests against Donald Trump; George Floyd protests; Gaza war protests in the United States), none an article on it; the article Crowd counting, on the estimation of crowd sizes, lists the consortium among its external links (2026-10-31)", "sources": [ { "id": "B1", "origin": "card", "role": "Overview card 1 (and the census own page crowd-counting-consortium--home, the same page)", "card": "Harvard University — Crowd Counting Consortium – Ash Center", "url": "https://ash.harvard.edu/programs/crowd-counting-consortium/", "kind": "Overview card (the consortium's page at the Ash Center, Harvard Kennedy School: definition, origin, uses, team, data, submission rules, FAQ, funding, commentary list); the census's own page crowd-counting-consortium--home", "files": { "B1.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1.html", "sha256": "bd7b38580b7baa3e24d065e1644e44dd4668d76a31eed6edf7784c3345242b72" }, "B1.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1.txt", "sha256": "bd9b30706a4f5a9dfa156e2d0eeefa36cc1f9e1878f8002ebebfdfea2b736560" }, "B1-refetch.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1-refetch.html", "sha256": "2837906be77ea4ef03d965c1e69de7cb6b30836d857757a19e34b6e58e6163c2" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:49Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://ash.harvard.edu/programs/crowd-counting-consortium/", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1-refetch.html", "raw_sha256": "2837906be77ea4ef03d965c1e69de7cb6b30836d857757a19e34b6e58e6163c2", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1.txt" ], "census_copy": { "src": "crowd-counting-consortium--home", "sha256": "bd7b38580b7baa3e24d065e1644e44dd4668d76a31eed6edf7784c3345242b72", "read": "2026-10-31", "http": "200", "fetched": "2026-10-31T21:28:00Z", "agrees": true, "note": "B1.html is the census's saved copy, gunzipped (sha256 matches the manifest and the census record); B1.txt is the census's text of it. The card's refetch (B1-refetch.html) differs from the saved copy in markup bytes (from char 6154; the page's per-request markup) and its text, extracted with scripts and styles stripped and whitespace normalised, is identical to the census's text (15,202 characters), so the card and the census's own page are one page, carried once, as a card." } }, "names_operator": "yes ('The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut'; 'Part of Nonviolent Action Lab')", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)", "note": "URL from the card's site and title (the Ash Center's program page, the census's url for the entity). The card's snippet ('Project: … Scope: Collect...') is a structured restatement composed for the rail and is not page text. The page carries no date of its own; its commentary list is dated (latest 'Aug 15, 2025'); its footer '© Copyright 2026'.", "surfaced_by_T": [ { "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031", "card": 1 } ], "card_title": "Crowd Counting Consortium – Ash Center", "card_snippet": "Project: Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) joint initiative of Harvard Kennedy School and University of Connecticut, part of Nonviolent Action Lab. Scope: Collect...", "card_note": "the snippet is the rail's own composition from the page ('Project:', 'Scope:'); no span of it is verbatim on the page" }, { "id": "B2", "origin": "card", "role": "Overview card 2", "card": "Counting Crowds — About - Counting Crowds", "url": "https://countingcrowds.org/about/", "kind": "Overview card (the About page of Counting Crowds, 'Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium', on WordPress.com: where the data are shared)", "files": { "B2.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B2.html", "sha256": "be076d67b1488910ea8abaf5ffe321bb51f04156121d76e7193f63fbdf5002c5" }, "B2.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B2.txt", "sha256": "3faf73a2972e7d9482c7d6f889f446d42ab9148f4b87c406c3fe235bdd252174" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:49Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://countingcrowds.org/about/", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B2.html", "raw_sha256": "be076d67b1488910ea8abaf5ffe321bb51f04156121d76e7193f63fbdf5002c5", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B2.txt" ] }, "names_operator": "yes ('Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium'; 'maintained by the Harvard Kennedy School’s Nonviolent Action Lab')", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)", "note": "URL found by WebSearch on the title and site (countingcrowds.org/about/); the snippet is verbatim on the page. The page is undated.", "surfaced_by_T": [ { "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031", "card": 2 } ], "card_title": "About - Counting Crowds", "card_snippet": "To learn more about the Crowd Counting Consortium, please visit our website. CCC records and shares its data in monthly Google Sheets, which you can find on the...", "card_note": null }, { "id": "B3", "origin": "card", "role": "Overview card 3", "card": "boB Rudis — Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data", "url": "https://rud.is/obs/framework2/ccc/", "kind": "Overview card (a third party's Observable Framework page visualising the consortium's 2025 data, January to May 2025, on rud.is; its descriptive paragraphs are followed in the text by the interface string of the Claude assistant)", "files": { "B3.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B3.html", "sha256": "c8f7088d06b5055f2c6bb6f7697a7fb124e1851d7253984a6e04c6361dece2f3" }, "B3.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B3.txt", "sha256": "58002492857a74eb95c1ebfccf5e5cec0b39dde111effb2d5be2dfe8950d5dea" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:50Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://rud.is/obs/framework2/ccc/", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B3.html", "raw_sha256": "c8f7088d06b5055f2c6bb6f7697a7fb124e1851d7253984a6e04c6361dece2f3", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B3.txt" ] }, "names_operator": "yes ('a collaborative project between Harvard University and University of Connecticut')", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)", "note": "URL found by WebSearch on the title and the author's name. The snippet is verbatim on the page (title, then the opening sentence). The page is undated; it states its data cover January to May 2025. Its text carries, directly after its description of the dataset, 'RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.' (F36): the description was carried into the page from a session with the Claude assistant, its interface string with it. Third-party page; quoted in short spans.", "surfaced_by_T": [ { "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031", "card": 3 } ], "card_title": "Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data", "card_snippet": "Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data. The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a collaborative project between Harvard University and University...", "card_note": null }, { "id": "B4", "origin": "card", "role": "Overview card 4", "card": "Counting Crowds — crowdcounters – Counting Crowds", "url": "https://countingcrowds.org/author/crowdcounters/", "kind": "Overview card (the author archive of 'crowdcounters' on Counting Crowds, the consortium's blog: eight posts, 9 February 2021 to 10 May 2024, by excerpt)", "files": { "B4.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B4.html", "sha256": "d9a2fe6edc796efdaa66f9d576845a453ad91fafa5b6420731c9ec2f5ada23b2" }, "B4.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B4.txt", "sha256": "79b799fd98bb1d6efcd4f3977f913dbbe9e4225f58752c565e21682a55e2df74" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:51Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://countingcrowds.org/author/crowdcounters/", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B4.html", "raw_sha256": "d9a2fe6edc796efdaa66f9d576845a453ad91fafa5b6420731c9ec2f5ada23b2", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B4.txt" ] }, "names_operator": "yes ('Welcome to the blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium, a.k.a. 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