{ "row": "coauthor", "entity": "coauthor", "address": "CoAuthor dataset", "addresses": [ { "address": "CoAuthor dataset", "slug": "coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101", "addr_id": "ADDR-ca145bdd5b06", "obs_id": "OBS-d52213cbd4ee", "axn": "AXN:0B7E.CAPTURE.🟣🔅🌻🕚⚖️🔆" } ], "epoch": "2026-11-01", "type": "C (public entity on which the archive bears: a research dataset of human-AI collaborative writing sessions; an entity of the leesharks.com apparatus authorship census, host relation 'empirical comparator')", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "status": { "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726): equal case, ρ = extends, read from the authorship census record, the capture record and the deposits that bear on the entity and its classes; archive selected by D/R/O (D and R: #1680 with its instance #1678; O-class: 132 candidates in 72 deposits, 11 admitted; hop of 167 read, #939 admitted; #940 and #1722 read as the census's anchors), with the census record (43 claims) and the Capture Registry's statements (13 claims) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field B in two pools (B_D: 5 cards, 2 unreachable; B_R: 1 own page and Wikipedia, no article), 53 field claims; composed 2026-11-01 by Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-01", "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 53/53 verified by script against saved text, the saved wikitext and B7.txt, or the card text; archive quotes 78/78 verified against the registry, census.json and the deposit texts", "frozen": false, "breaches": [] }, "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "objects": { "T": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/T1-coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101.txt", "sha256": "14f3bc724155a98c90ad73430768d755c59db6a5a2c9e607fde8b3bbb6b2aae4", "words": 257, "cards": 5, "words_note": "one transcript at one address (257 words in the answer body with its closer, by whitespace, inline redirect URLs, citation markers and the card rail excluded; 5 cards)", "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'The CoAuthor Dataset is a large-scale, process-oriented dataset capturing human-AI collaborative writing interactions developed by researchers Mina Lee, Percy Liang, and Qian Yang (CHI 2022).'", "T1-2 Writing Sessions: '1,445 total English writing sessions.'", "T1-3 Participants: '63 qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk paired with 4 instances of GPT-3.'", "T1-4 Writing Types: 'Creative Writing: 830 stories written by 58 writers based on prompts from Reddit’s `r/WritingPrompts`.'; 'Argumentative Writing: 615 essays written by 49 writers based on prompts from The New York Times.'", "T1-5 Average Length: '418 words per story or essay.'", "T1-6 Human-AI Dynamics: 'Queries per session: 11.8 queries.'; 'Suggestion acceptance rate: 72.3%.'; 'Human-authored text proportion: 72.6%.'", "T1-7 Keystroke-Level Logging: 'Rather than saving only final drafts, CoAuthor records timestamped events including text insertions, deletions, cursor movements, and AI requests.'", "T1-8 Interface: 'Writers used a custom text editor pressing the `Tab` key to receive up to five GPT-3 suggestions, navigating via arrow keys and selecting with `Enter`.'", "T1-9 Systematic Variation: 'Utilized GPT-3’s `davinci` engine across different randomness (temperature and frequency penalty) configurations.'", "T1-10 Official Website: 'Download the full dataset, metadata, and survey responses at CoAuthor Stanford.'", "T1-11 Code & Interface: 'Open-source frontend/backend code is available via GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface.'", "T1-12 Research Paper: 'CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities via the ACM Digital Library or arXiv:2201.06796.'", "T1-13 closer: 'Would you like help with Python code snippets to load and analyze the dataset, or information on specific findings regarding human-AI collaboration?'" ], "register": { "register": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json", "slug": "coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101", "obs_id": "OBS-d52213cbd4ee" }, "transcripts": [ { "slug": "coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101", "address": "CoAuthor dataset", "addr_id": "ADDR-ca145bdd5b06", "obs_id": "OBS-d52213cbd4ee", "axn": "AXN:0B7E.CAPTURE.🟣🔅🌻🕚⚖️🔆", "date": "2026-11-01", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "sha256": "14f3bc724155a98c90ad73430768d755c59db6a5a2c9e607fde8b3bbb6b2aae4", "sha256_of": "the registry's 'transcript' string (utf-8)", "sha256_raw": "045c92cb57bd028d5cd64f034b526e1625eef6bc6e5bfda4dc8a1c9977dd8275", "words": 257, "cards": 5, "card_rail": [ "1. Stanford University — CoAuthor – Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset", "2. arXiv — [2201.06796] CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities", "3. ACM Digital Library — CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities | Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "4. GitHub — GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface", "5. alphaXiv — CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset ... - alphaXiv" ], "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'The CoAuthor Dataset is a large-scale, process-oriented dataset capturing human-AI collaborative writing interactions developed by researchers Mina Lee, Percy Liang, and Qian Yang (CHI 2022).'", "T1-2 Writing Sessions: '1,445 total English writing sessions.'", "T1-3 Participants: '63 qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk paired with 4 instances of GPT-3.'", "T1-4 Writing Types: 'Creative Writing: 830 stories written by 58 writers based on prompts from Reddit’s `r/WritingPrompts`.'; 'Argumentative Writing: 615 essays written by 49 writers based on prompts from The New York Times.'", "T1-5 Average Length: '418 words per story or essay.'", "T1-6 Human-AI Dynamics: 'Queries per session: 11.8 queries.'; 'Suggestion acceptance rate: 72.3%.'; 'Human-authored text proportion: 72.6%.'", "T1-7 Keystroke-Level Logging: 'Rather than saving only final drafts, CoAuthor records timestamped events including text insertions, deletions, cursor movements, and AI requests.'", "T1-8 Interface: 'Writers used a custom text editor pressing the `Tab` key to receive up to five GPT-3 suggestions, navigating via arrow keys and selecting with `Enter`.'", "T1-9 Systematic Variation: 'Utilized GPT-3’s `davinci` engine across different randomness (temperature and frequency penalty) configurations.'", "T1-10 Official Website: 'Download the full dataset, metadata, and survey responses at CoAuthor Stanford.'", "T1-11 Code & Interface: 'Open-source frontend/backend code is available via GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface.'", "T1-12 Research Paper: 'CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities via the ACM Digital Library or arXiv:2201.06796.'", "T1-13 closer: 'Would you like help with Python code snippets to load and analyze the dataset, or information on specific findings regarding human-AI collaboration?'" ], "markers": "The paste is the Overview expanded (operator's default of 2026-10-01; the 'AI Mode Conversation' view is the expanded Overview, ruling of 2026-10-18); signed out, incognito (operator's default of 2026-10-14). One turn. The 'You said' line carries the query twice, run together (the registry's note). Paste received 2026-11-01 01:59 EDT.", "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/T1-coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101.txt", "citation_map": "inline citations resolve by redirect token to the cards: CAESVg… card 1 (Stanford), CAESWA… card 2 (arXiv; the body's arXiv:2201.06796 link), CAESZg… card 3 (ACM; the body's ACM Digital Library link), CAESbg… card 4 (GitHub; the body's GitHub link), CAESXw… card 5 (alphaXiv, by elimination: the only token not linked by name in the body, cited alone at Systematic Variation, whose davinci configurations only alphaXiv carries among the saved cards)" } ] }, "KO": { "title": "CoAuthor", "genre": "knowledge object, equal case, under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726): the archive's sources and the field's admitted on equal terms, ontology included, in one claim space; prose without provenance in its sentences, each sentence's sources beneath it (§4.5); natural sentences under descriptive subheadings (§4.12); the final article form (§4.13)", "status": "composed 2026-11-01 under v0.10 on the operator's rulings of 2026-10-29 ('as against their wikipedia articles if they exist, their own pages, etc.') and 2026-10-31 (§4.5, §3.1, §4.12, §4.13); not frozen; ledger unaudited", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "CoAuthor is a research dataset of human-AI collaborative writing, a released, schema-defined body of records that holds the interactions between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions in English.", "claims": [ "F1", "F21", "D1680-01", "D1680-04", "LS-07", "LS-10", "LS-12", "LS-20", "LS-21" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "sense": "what it is", "text": "Its paper presents it as \"a dataset designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in assisting creative and argumentative writing\", and its site states the purpose: designers \"can examine the same sessions from multiple analytical perspectives to better understand the generative capabilities of large language models\".", "claims": [ "F20", "F5", "LS-01" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 1, "sense": "names, makers and the paper", "text": "The name is the short title of the paper \"CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities\" by Mina Lee, Percy Liang and Qian Yang, given with the affiliations Stanford University and Cornell University, submitted to arXiv on 18 January 2022, revised on 25 January 2022 and published as a conference paper at CHI 2022, in its Proceedings (DOI 10.1145/3491102.3502030).", "claims": [ "F16", "F17", "F31", "F26", "F25", "F28", "F14", "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-05", "LS-18", "LS-23", "LS-35", "D1680-05" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 2, "sense": "the session", "text": "In each session a writer received a prompt and an instance of GPT-3, wrote freely, asked the model for suggestions, accepted or dismissed them, and edited the accepted suggestions or earlier text in any order.", "claims": [ "F2", "F3", "LS-11", "LS-17" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 2, "sense": "the interface and its code", "text": "The writing took place in a text editor in which the tab key brought five suggestions, up to five in the account of the paper's overview on alphaXiv, and the code of the interface is published in a repository whose first part is \"the frontend presented to the users for writing with AI\".", "claims": [ "F9", "F36", "F30", "F14" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 2, "sense": "the model instances", "text": "The instances are reported as GPT-3's davinci engine at two randomness settings, high (temperature 0.75, frequency penalty 1) and low (temperature 0.3, frequency penalty 0), and the dataset lists each session's randomness.", "claims": [ "F35", "F47" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 2, "sense": "keystroke-level logging and replay", "text": "Every interaction was recorded at the keystroke level with timestamps, inserting text, moving the cursor and receiving suggestions, \"so that we could replay them precisely\", and the dataset is published with an interface for replaying the sessions.", "claims": [ "F4", "F34", "F46", "F24", "LS-22" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 3, "sense": "composition and statistics", "text": "The creative writing holds 830 stories by 58 writers and the argumentative writing 615 essays by 49 writers, written to prompts from the WritingPrompts subreddit and The New York Times, 20 prompts in all by the overview's count.", "claims": [ "F6", "F7", "F33", "F15" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 3, "sense": "composition and statistics", "text": "Stories and essays run to 418 words, a session averages 11.8 queries, and 72.3% of suggestions were accepted.", "claims": [ "F10" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 4, "sense": "the writers", "text": "The writers were \"Qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk\".", "claims": [ "F8", "F36" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 4, "sense": "the writers", "text": "The dataset's browse page lists each session by type, prompt, randomness, \"Human\" and session ID, the human column holding a short identifier such as \"A1198\"; in its last row that column repeats the session ID.", "claims": [ "F47", "F48", "F49" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 4, "sense": "the writers", "text": "The authorship census records whose authorship the dataset keeps, and under what name, as not recorded in its saved source, which counted 63 writers without saying whether or how they are named, and lists who the writers are among what the dataset does not answer.", "claims": [ "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-27", "LS-36" ] }, { "n": 13, "para": 4, "sense": "the writers", "text": "Amazon announced that Mechanical Turk, the platform the writers were recruited from, would close on 30 September 2026, as the archive records from Turkopticon's own article.", "claims": [ "O1719-01" ] }, { "n": 14, "para": 5, "sense": "the share of text written by humans", "text": "The dataset divides its text by origin, \"Percentage of text written by humans: 72.6%\", and its tutorials include one for \"Identifying authors of sentences\".", "claims": [ "F11", "F13", "F12" ] }, { "n": 15, "para": 5, "sense": "ownership", "text": "In the paper as its overview reports it, writers felt stronger ownership when they authored a larger proportion of the final text (r=0.3), and the amount of editing showed no meaningful correlation with ownership, which the overview reads as text origin mattering more than editorial effort.", "claims": [ "F42" ] }, { "n": 16, "para": 5, "sense": "mediation and generation", "text": "The archive keeps apart two questions that such a share joins, whether AI played a material role in the production chain (the mediation question) and whether AI-produced language survived into the final text (the generation question), and requires no ratio of AI-generated to human-authored language.", "claims": [ "O941-01", "O941-02" ] }, { "n": 17, "para": 5, "sense": "mediation and generation", "text": "On its definition of the pristine fallacy, \"'human-written' describes the author, not the distribution\", and the binary of \"human-written\" and \"AI-generated\" is discussed \"in ways that elide structured collaborative practice\".", "claims": [ "O856-01", "O666-01" ] }, { "n": 18, "para": 5, "sense": "authorship as accountability", "text": "The archive reads authorship as \"an accountability structure\", against certification that places AI-assisted work outside the human-authored category, and keeps responsibility for a work apart from sole origination.", "claims": [ "O729-01", "O940-01" ] }, { "n": 19, "para": 5, "sense": "authorship as accountability", "text": "It states that the metadata attributing augmented-cognition outputs to human authorship attaches to legal names, that provenance is declared or erased under \"the fiction of unmediated human authorship that current classifier regimes reward\", and that a policy certifying human authorship by classifier runs from \"detector score → authorship attribution\" to career sanction without warrant at any step.", "claims": [ "O940-02", "O939-01", "O1540-01" ] }, { "n": 20, "para": 6, "sense": "the model as collaborator", "text": "The paper's headline claim is that the dataset can address GPT-3's language, ideation and collaboration capabilities and reveal its contribution as a writing \"collaborator\" under various definitions of good collaboration, and the census reads the model's part so framed, as contribution, recording that how authorship of a session's text is assigned is not recorded in its saved source.", "claims": [ "F22", "LS-16", "LS-25", "LS-38" ] }, { "n": 21, "para": 6, "sense": "collaboration measured", "text": "Collaboration is measured, in the overview's account, as equality, \"The evenness of turn-taking between human and AI\", and mutuality, \"The level of human interaction with AI suggestions\", concepts the paper adapts from Neomy Storch's 2002 study of interaction in ESL pair work.", "claims": [ "F40", "F41" ] }, { "n": 22, "para": 6, "sense": "findings", "text": "The reported findings are that accepted GPT-3 sentences carried fewer errors per word (0.033) than human-only text (0.037) and jointly made segments the fewest (0.032), that 13% of accepted suggestions in creative writing and 7% in argumentative writing introduced new named entities, of which writers reused 20% and 14%, that final length correlated with queries (r=0.42) and accepted suggestions (r=0.48), and that collaboration patterns varied across writers and held across prompts.", "claims": [ "F37", "F38", "F43", "F39" ] }, { "n": 23, "para": 6, "sense": "the problem and the argument", "text": "The paper sets the dataset against a stated problem, that the capabilities of language models are \"highly context-dependent\" and \"often subjectively interpreted\", and argues that curating and analysing large interaction datasets lets the HCI community examine them more incisively and discuss their promises and pitfalls on a more principled footing.", "claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F23", "LS-24" ] }, { "n": 24, "para": 6, "sense": "uses", "text": "The overview adds that the dataset provides supervision signals for training language models for interactive, collaborative settings.", "claims": [ "F44" ] }, { "n": 25, "para": 6, "sense": "co-writing and diversity", "text": "Within the archive one co-writing study is read two ways, with a second study beside it: the Reverse Turing Test (#161) reports that writing with LLM assistance reduces lexical, syntactic and content diversity \"even when the human writer retains final authorship and edits the AI's suggestions\", an erratum (#1577) states that the study attributed the reduced diversity \"to the model-contributed text; the human-contributed text was unaffected in that design\", and the Wolf Boy paper (#855) reports that AI-assisted writing raises individual creativity and lowers the collective diversity of novel content.", "claims": [ "O161-01", "O1577-01", "O855-01" ] }, { "n": 26, "para": 7, "sense": "machine participation in the archive's terms", "text": "Under the archive's account of heteronymy, machine assistance whose contribution is not organized as a named witness role with declared provenance, and collaborative authorship in which no distinct heteronym is constituted, stand outside heteronymy, and its own machine witnesses are \"named machine-witness roles imposed over specific machine substrates\".", "claims": [ "O940-03", "O940-04" ] }, { "n": 27, "para": 7, "sense": "machine participation in the archive's terms", "text": "The archive records machine participation in its own writing by naming each model and its part and keeping what the text claims as the author's decision, and its tag vocabulary grades the share and direction of a text's machine participation from \"human_primary\" through \"human_directed_ai_assisted\" to \"collaborative_mixed\".", "claims": [ "O1722-01", "O745-01" ] }, { "n": 28, "para": 8, "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "text": "The leesharks.com authorship census, whose rows are aggregators that gather many works or records and say what they hold, holds CoAuthor as an empirical comparator, under machine co-authorship and attribution and credit, for its question, \"How is authorship made, named, distributed, attributed and sustained across persons, personas, collectives and machine participation, and what is lost when those relations are collapsed?\", and gives it the narrower question of what a language model contributes to a writing session, read from recorded interactions, answering also how many writers, instances and sessions it holds.", "claims": [ "LS-06", "LS-43", "LS-09", "LS-42", "LS-08", "LS-26" ] }, { "n": 29, "para": 8, "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "text": "It reads the dataset as process evidence of distributed contribution held at the session level, the persons counted and the question of whose name the text bears left outside the record as saved, and tags it as no record of named authors, no sustained literary practice and no claim of the model's authorship, and lists how a sustained named poetic practice works among what it does not answer, the study population and task setting differing.", "claims": [ "LS-30", "LS-36", "LS-37", "LS-38", "LS-28" ] }, { "n": 30, "para": 8, "sense": "the archive and CoAuthor", "text": "The archive sets CoAuthor as a comparator for its own dataset export, its properties taken from its own documentation and undiscounted as self-description, and records a machine composition that compared Alexanarch with CoAuthor and other AI-writing corpora; its disambiguation matrix gives CoAuthor's object as writing sessions and its identifier as a dataset DOI or URL.", "claims": [ "D1680-02", "D1680-03", "D1680-04" ] }, { "n": 31, "para": 9, "sense": "access and lifecycle", "text": "The dataset, its metadata and its survey responses can be downloaded from its site, which links the paper and the interface code and directs questions to \"Mina\", and the paper calls the dataset and the replay interface \"publicly available\".", "claims": [ "F12", "F14", "F24", "LS-04", "LS-15", "LS-31" ] }, { "n": 32, "para": 9, "sense": "access and lifecycle", "text": "The census, whose fetch of the home page on 1 November 2026 failed with a TLS certificate error, records the dataset as historical, whether its site and replay interface still answer as unrecorded, its geography and license as not stated, and its home page, the paper's full text and the license as unchecked; the site's pages were read the same day.", "claims": [ "LS-33", "LS-34", "LS-39", "LS-40", "LS-41", "LS-29", "LS-32", "LS-19", "F1" ] }, { "n": 33, "para": 10, "sense": "reception", "text": "Wikipedia has no article on the dataset; its title \"Coauthor\", the common noun, redirects to Collaborative writing, which defines the homonym as a procedure in which two or more persons work together on a text and admits a case of joint authorship where more than one person creates a work in collaboration.", "claims": [ "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53" ] }, { "n": 34, "para": 10, "sense": "reception", "text": "alphaXiv carries the paper with an account it heads \"AI Overview\", beside an \"overview generator\", and counts 812 citations.", "claims": [ "F32", "F45" ] }, { "n": 35, "para": 11, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "Asked \"CoAuthor dataset\" on 1 November 2026, signed out, Google's AI Overview composed the dataset with its authors, size, composition, mechanics and access from five cards (the site, the arXiv and ACM pages, the code repository and alphaXiv), at a finer grain than the census's saved abstract and from the site the census could not read, the Capture Registry finds.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-12", "F15", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F46" ] }, { "n": 36, "para": 11, "sense": "the composition at the name", "text": "The registry finds that the composition gave the writers as crowd workers recruited from a crowd platform and named none of them, divided the text by percentage into an aggregate share of human-authored text that assigns no session's text to anyone, and left out the abstract's frame of the model as \"collaborator\" and the dataset's purpose.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-11" ] }, { "n": 37, "para": 11, "sense": "the record", "text": "The registry enters CoAuthor as an external resource, entered in the leesharks.com apparatus authorship census on 1 November 2026.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-13" ] } ], "plan": { "order": [ "F1", "F21", "D1680-01", "D1680-04", "LS-07", "LS-10", "LS-12", "LS-20", "LS-21", "F20", "F5", "LS-01", "F16", "F17", "F31", "F26", "F25", "F28", "F14", "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-05", "LS-18", "LS-23", "LS-35", "D1680-05", "F2", "F3", "LS-11", "LS-17", "F9", "F36", "F30", "F35", "F47", "F4", "F34", "F46", "F24", "LS-22", "F6", "F7", "F33", "F15", "F10", "F8", "F48", "F49", "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-27", "LS-36", "O1719-01", "F11", "F13", "F12", "F42", "O941-01", "O941-02", "O856-01", "O666-01", "O729-01", "O940-01", "O940-02", "O939-01", "O1540-01", "F22", "LS-16", "LS-25", "LS-38", "F40", "F41", "F37", "F38", "F43", "F39", "F18", "F19", "F23", "LS-24", "F44", "O161-01", "O1577-01", "O855-01", "O940-03", "O940-04", "O1722-01", "O745-01", "LS-06", "LS-43", "LS-09", "LS-42", "LS-08", "LS-26", "LS-30", "LS-37", "LS-28", "D1680-02", "D1680-03", "LS-04", "LS-15", "LS-31", "LS-33", "LS-34", "LS-39", "LS-40", "LS-41", "LS-29", "LS-32", "LS-19", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53", "F32", "F45", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-12", "F27", "F29", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-13" ], "senses": { "what it is": [ 1, 2 ], "names, makers and the paper": [ 3 ], "the session": [ 4 ], "the interface and its code": [ 5 ], "the model instances": [ 6 ], "keystroke-level logging and replay": [ 7 ], "composition and statistics": [ 8, 9 ], "the writers": [ 10, 11, 12, 13 ], "the share of text written by humans": [ 14 ], "ownership": [ 15 ], "mediation and generation": [ 16, 17 ], "authorship as accountability": [ 18, 19 ], "the model as collaborator": [ 20 ], "collaboration measured": [ 21 ], "findings": [ 22 ], "the problem and the argument": [ 23 ], "uses": [ 24 ], "co-writing and diversity": [ 25 ], "machine participation in the archive's terms": [ 26, 27 ], "the census's question and its reading": [ 28, 29 ], "the archive and CoAuthor": [ 30 ], "access and lifecycle": [ 31, 32 ], "reception": [ 33, 34 ], "the composition at the name": [ 35, 36 ], "the record": [ 37 ] }, "case_by_sense": { "equal (one claim space; nothing translated)": [ "what it is", "names, makers and the paper", "the session", "the interface and its code", "the model instances", "keystroke-level logging and replay", "composition and statistics", "the writers", "the share of text written by humans", "ownership", "mediation and generation", "authorship as accountability", "the model as collaborator", "collaboration measured", "findings", "the problem and the argument", "uses", "co-writing and diversity", "machine participation in the archive's terms", "the census's question and its reading", "the archive and CoAuthor", "access and lifecycle", "reception", "the composition at the name", "the record" ] }, "carried": { "archive": 78, "field": 53, "not_composed": {} }, "conflict_log": [ { "rule": "D_pres vs channel", "result": "no cut: the KO carries every field and archive claim; the compression's bound met with no channel log" }, { "rule": "P_coh", "result": "F9 (site: 'five suggestions') beside F36 (overview: 'up to five'), both composed with their sources (sentence 5; open block); O161-01 (#161: reduced diversity 'even when the human writer retains final authorship') beside O1577-01 (#1577: the effect attributed to the model-contributed text, the human-contributed text unaffected), a contest within the archive, both composed and their deposits named (sentence 25; open block); F1 and F21 (63 writers) beside F47–F49 (the browse page's identifiers, one repeating a session ID), the count left to the open block" }, { "rule": "N_c", "result": "no claim lowered by standing; the alphaXiv overview's claims carried at attributed and composed as reported ('in the overview's account', 'as reported'); F22 at self-description; the census's readings at interpretation; the archive's definitions (O941, O856, O940-01, O940-03, O940-04, O745, D1680-01) composed as definitions (stipulation); O1719-01 at attributed, as an announcement" }, { "rule": "C_ex", "result": "senses composed ⊇ senses in the ledgers: every ledger lineage cited in the KO" }, { "rule": "O_leg", "result": "no opaque material in the ledgers" }, { "rule": "T_lib", "result": "priority dates stated where they bear: the paper's 2022 versions and venue; Storch 2002; the Mechanical Turk closure announced for 2026-09-30; the census and the capture of 2026-11-01" } ] }, "joins": [ { "act": "order of senses", "sentences": "1–37", "claims": [], "note": "equal case (§4.7): the entity's dependency order, field and archive claims ordered together by genealogy within each sense; neither ledger placed first as a block. What it is (¶0), its names, makers and paper (¶1), the session, interface, model and logging (¶2), its composition and rates (¶3), its writers (¶4), the share of text written by humans and the archive's terms for such a share (¶5), the model as collaborator, the measures, findings and problem, and the archive's readings of co-writing (¶6), machine participation in the archive's terms (¶7), the census's question and the archive's relation (¶8), access and lifecycle (¶9), reception (¶10), and the composition at the name (¶11)." }, { "act": "holding together (the share and the archive's two questions)", "sentences": [ 14, 16, 17 ], "claims": [ "F11", "F13", "O941-01", "O941-02", "O856-01", "O666-01" ], "note": "the dataset's measure of text by origin is placed beside the archive's split of mediation and generation and its definition of 'human-written'; the composer states no verdict on what the measure counts (open block)." }, { "act": "holding together (the writers)", "sentences": [ 10, 11, 12, 13 ], "claims": [ "F8", "F36", "F47", "F48", "F49", "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-27", "LS-36", "O1719-01" ], "note": "the site's crowd workers, the browse page's identifiers, the census's 'not recorded' and the platform's announced closure stand together as the sense 'the writers'." }, { "act": "holding as rival (co-writing and diversity)", "sentences": [ 25 ], "claims": [ "O161-01", "O1577-01", "O855-01" ], "note": "P_coh within the archive: #161 and #1577 read the same study two ways; both composed, the deposits named because the contest is part of what is said (§4.5)." }, { "act": "holding together (the model as collaborator)", "sentences": [ 19 ], "claims": [ "F22", "LS-16", "LS-25", "LS-38" ], "note": "the paper's headline claim and the census's reading of it in one sentence: the census reads the frame and records the assignment of authorship as not recorded." }, { "act": "placing in the open block", "sentences": [], "claims": [ "F47", "F49", "F11", "F9", "F36", "F22", "O161-01", "O1577-01", "LS-29" ], "note": "six questions, each with the claims it rests on, their modality and what would resolve it (§4.8)." } ] }, "P": { "title": "CoAuthor", "genre": "the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the v0.10 plan in one claim space; on the entity's page it follows the knowledge object (§4.13)", "status": "composed 2026-11-01 from the v0.10 knowledge object; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "is a research dataset of human-AI collaborative writing: 1445 English sessions in which 63 writers, crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk, wrote with four instances of GPT-3, logged keystroke by keystroke for replay. Made by Mina Lee, Percy Liang and Qian Yang (CHI 2022), it divides its text by origin, 72.6% written by humans, and lists its writers by identifier.", "claims": [ "F1", "F21", "F8", "F4", "F17", "F25", "F11", "F47", "D1680-01", "LS-07" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "✍️", "head": "The sessions", "items": [ { "label": "Session:", "text": "a prompt, free writing, five suggestions on the tab key (up to five, by the overview), accepted, dismissed or edited in any order.", "claims": [ "F2", "F3", "F9", "F36", "LS-11", "LS-17" ] }, { "label": "Model:", "text": "GPT-3 davinci at high and low randomness, as reported.", "claims": [ "F35", "F47" ] }, { "label": "Corpus:", "text": "830 stories by 58 writers; 615 essays by 49; prompts from WritingPrompts and The New York Times.", "claims": [ "F6", "F7", "F33", "F15" ] }, { "label": "Rates:", "text": "418 words; 11.8 queries a session; 72.3% of suggestions accepted.", "claims": [ "F10" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🧾", "head": "Authorship and attribution", "items": [ { "label": "Share:", "text": "\"Percentage of text written by humans: 72.6%\"; a tutorial for \"Identifying authors of sentences\".", "claims": [ "F11", "F13" ] }, { "label": "Ownership:", "text": "writers felt more ownership the more of the final text they authored (r=0.3); editing showed no meaningful correlation, as reported.", "claims": [ "F42" ] }, { "label": "Writers:", "text": "listed by identifier (\"A1198\"); the census finds no names.", "claims": [ "F47", "F48", "F49", "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-27", "LS-36" ] }, { "label": "Two questions:", "text": "mediation and generation; \"'human-written' describes the author, not the distribution\"; authorship \"an accountability structure\".", "claims": [ "O941-01", "O941-02", "O856-01", "O666-01", "O729-01", "O940-01", "O940-02", "O939-01", "O1540-01" ] }, { "label": "Machine part:", "text": "GPT-3 a \"collaborator\" under the paper's definitions; the archive names its own models and their parts.", "claims": [ "F22", "LS-16", "LS-38", "O940-03", "O940-04", "O1722-01", "O745-01" ] } ] }, { "icon": "📐", "head": "Measures and findings", "items": [ { "label": "Metrics:", "text": "equality and mutuality, adapted from ESL pair work (Storch 2002).", "claims": [ "F40", "F41" ] }, { "label": "Findings:", "text": "fewer errors in accepted suggestions; new named entities in 13% and 7%, writers reusing 20% and 14%; length tracks queries.", "claims": [ "F37", "F38", "F43", "F39" ] }, { "label": "Problem:", "text": "model capabilities \"highly context-dependent\" and \"often subjectively interpreted\".", "claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F23", "F5", "F20", "LS-24", "F44" ] }, { "label": "Diversity:", "text": "co-writing studies report less diversity; the archive reads one study two ways, the effect in the writer's text or in the model's (#161, #1577, #855).", "claims": [ "O161-01", "O1577-01", "O855-01" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🗂️", "head": "Access and record", "items": [ { "label": "Get it:", "text": "site downloads and Colab tutorials; interface code on GitHub; paper on arXiv (2201.06796) and ACM.", "claims": [ "F12", "F14", "F24", "F30", "F16", "F26", "F28", "F31", "LS-04", "LS-15", "LS-22", "LS-31" ] }, { "label": "Census:", "text": "an empirical comparator; process evidence of contribution held at the session level.", "claims": [ "LS-06", "LS-08", "LS-09", "LS-30", "LS-42", "LS-26", "LS-28", "LS-37" ] }, { "label": "Archive:", "text": "a comparator for its dataset export.", "claims": [ "D1680-02", "D1680-03", "D1680-04", "D1680-05" ] }, { "label": "Reception:", "text": "no Wikipedia article; alphaXiv's \"AI Overview\"; Mechanical Turk's closure announced for 30 September 2026.", "claims": [ "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53", "F32", "F45", "O1719-01" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Who are the writers, and are the browse page's identifiers the 63 writers the site and paper count? The human column of the 1445 rows holds 62 distinct values (counted by script over the saved page), one of which repeats its row's session ID.", "rests_on": [ "F1", "F8", "F47", "F48", "F49", "LS-13", "LS-27", "LS-40" ], "modality": "stipulation and documented (its pages); self-description (census, unchecked)", "would_resolve": "the paper's full text and the metadata sheet the site links, read for recruitment, pay, naming and the identifier scheme" }, { "question": "What does \"written by humans\" count: characters typed by the writer, or text kept after suggestions were accepted and edited? The composition gives it as \"Human-authored text proportion\".", "rests_on": [ "F11", "F13", "F3", "CAP-1-03", "O941-01", "O856-01" ], "modality": "documented (its site); the registry's finding; stipulation (archive)", "would_resolve": "the Colab tutorial \"Identifying authors of sentences\" and the paper's definition of the measure" }, { "question": "Five suggestions or up to five; and the arrow keys and Enter that the composition names and no saved card carries.", "rests_on": [ "F9", "F36", "F30" ], "modality": "documented (site); attributed (overview); documented (card 4, page unreachable)", "would_resolve": "the interface code (minalee-research/coauthor-interface), unreachable from this session" }, { "question": "Which definitions of good collaboration does the paper set, and how do they bear on authorship?", "rests_on": [ "F22", "F40", "F41", "LS-16", "LS-38", "CAP-1-04" ], "modality": "self-description (paper); attributed (overview); interpretation (census)", "would_resolve": "the paper's full text, its sections on collaboration" }, { "question": "Does the co-writing literature assign reduced diversity to the model-contributed text alone, or also to the human writer who retains authorship? The archive holds both readings.", "rests_on": [ "O161-01", "O1577-01", "O855-01" ], "modality": "attributed (#161, #1577, #855)", "would_resolve": "Padmakumar and He's study read at its design and results" }, { "question": "Under what license is the dataset released, and does the replay interface still answer?", "rests_on": [ "LS-29", "LS-32", "LS-34", "LS-39", "LS-41", "F12", "F24" ], "modality": "self-description (census); documented (its pages)", "would_resolve": "the download page and the Drive file the site links, read for terms; a fetch of a replay URL" } ], "rail": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "claims": [ "F1", "F21", "LS-07", "LS-10", "LS-12", "LS-20", "LS-21", "F20", "LS-01", "F27" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the archive's kind for it: a released, schema-defined body of records", "claims": [ "D1680-01", "D1680-04" ], "earliest": 1680 }, { "lineage": "purpose: the capabilities of language models, read from interaction", "claims": [ "F5", "F29" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "names and the paper", "claims": [ "F16", "F26", "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-18" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "makers and venue", "claims": [ "F17", "F31", "F25", "F28", "F14", "LS-05", "LS-23", "D1680-05" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "lifecycle: a dataset of 2022", "claims": [ "LS-35", "LS-33", "LS-34" ], "earliest": "LS" }, { "lineage": "the session: prompt, writing, suggestions, editing", "claims": [ "F2", "F3", "LS-11", "LS-17" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the interface and its code", "claims": [ "F9", "F30" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "claims": [ "F36", "F47", "F8", "F48", "F49", "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-27", "LS-36", "O1719-01" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the model instances: davinci at two randomness settings", "claims": [ "F35" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "keystroke-level logging and replay", "claims": [ "F4", "F34", "F46", "LS-22" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "claims": [ "F24", "F12", "LS-04", "LS-15", "LS-31", "LS-29", "LS-32" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "composition: genres, prompts and counts", "claims": [ "F6", "F7", "F33", "F15", "LS-19" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "statistics of the sessions", "claims": [ "F10" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the share of text written by humans", "claims": [ "F11" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "identifying the authors of sentences", "claims": [ "F13" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "ownership: the writer's share and the writer's sense of the text", "claims": [ "F42" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "the archive's terms: mediation and generation", "claims": [ "O941-01", "O941-02" ], "earliest": 941 }, { "lineage": "the archive's terms: 'human-written' names the author", "claims": [ "O856-01", "O666-01" ], "earliest": 666 }, { "lineage": "the archive's terms: authorship as accountability", "claims": [ "O729-01", "O1540-01" ], "earliest": 729 }, { "lineage": "the archive's terms: responsibility, origination and the civil name", "claims": [ "O940-01", "O940-02" ], "earliest": 940 }, { "lineage": "the archive's own record of machine participation", "claims": [ "O939-01", "O1722-01", "O745-01" ], "earliest": 745 }, { "lineage": "the model as 'collaborator' under definitions of collaboration", "claims": [ "F22", "LS-16", "LS-38" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "the census's question and its reading", "claims": [ "LS-25", "LS-06", "LS-43", "LS-09", "LS-42", "LS-08", "LS-26", "LS-30", "LS-37", "LS-28" ], "earliest": "LS" }, { "lineage": "collaboration measured: equality and mutuality, from ESL pair work", "claims": [ "F40", "F41" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "findings: language, ideation, collaboration", "claims": [ "F37", "F38", "F43", "F39" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "the problem: capabilities context-dependent and subjectively interpreted", "claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F23", "LS-24" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "uses: hypotheses, training, design", "claims": [ "F44" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "co-writing with a model: what it does to diversity", "claims": [ "O161-01", "O1577-01", "O855-01" ], "earliest": 161 }, { "lineage": "the archive's terms: machine assistance and collaborative authorship outside heteronymy", "claims": [ "O940-03", "O940-04" ], "earliest": 940 }, { "lineage": "the archive and CoAuthor: a comparator for the dataset export", "claims": [ "D1680-02", "D1680-03" ], "earliest": 1680 }, { "lineage": "the record: anchor, question and what it leaves unchecked", "claims": [ "LS-39", "LS-40", "LS-41", "CAP-1-13" ], "earliest": "LS" }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "claims": [ "F50", "F51" ], "earliest": "B7" }, { "lineage": "the homonym: collaborative writing between persons", "claims": [ "F52", "F53" ], "earliest": "B7" }, { "lineage": "reception: a paper page and its generated overview", "claims": [ "F32", "F45" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "the composition at the name: what it held", "claims": [ "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03" ], "earliest": "CAP" }, { "lineage": "the composition at the name: what it left out", "claims": [ "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-11" ], "earliest": "CAP" }, { "lineage": "the composition at the name: attribution", "claims": [ "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-12" ], "earliest": "CAP" } ], "body_words": 329, "entity": "Composed under v0.10, equal case (ρ = extends): KO_B sentences surviving 0 of 14; every field claim carried." }, "P_B": { "title": "CoAuthor", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (both pools: cards, own page, Wikipedia)", "status": "composed 2026-11-01 from the field ledger alone; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "is a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 English sessions in which 63 writers, crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk, wrote with four GPT-3 instances, every keystroke logged for replay; by Mina Lee, Percy Liang and Qian Yang (CHI 2022).", "claims": [ "F1", "F21", "F8", "F4", "F17", "F25" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "✍️", "head": "Sessions", "items": [ { "label": "Process:", "text": "prompt, free writing, tab-key suggestions, accept, dismiss, edit.", "claims": [ "F2", "F3", "F9", "F36" ] }, { "label": "Corpus:", "text": "830 stories (58 writers), 615 essays (49); WritingPrompts and NYT prompts; 418 words.", "claims": [ "F6", "F7", "F33", "F10", "F15" ] }, { "label": "Model:", "text": "davinci at two randomness settings.", "claims": [ "F35" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🧾", "head": "Attribution", "items": [ { "label": "Share:", "text": "72.6% of text written by humans; a tutorial for identifying sentence authors.", "claims": [ "F11", "F13" ] }, { "label": "Ownership:", "text": "stronger with a larger authored share (r=0.3).", "claims": [ "F42" ] }, { "label": "Collaborator:", "text": "GPT-3's contribution under definitions of good collaboration; equality and mutuality.", "claims": [ "F22", "F40", "F41" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🗂️", "head": "Access", "items": [ { "label": "Get it:", "text": "site downloads; code on GitHub; arXiv and ACM.", "claims": [ "F12", "F24", "F30", "F16", "F26", "F28" ] }, { "label": "Reception:", "text": "no Wikipedia article; alphaXiv overview, 812 citations.", "claims": [ "F50", "F51", "F32", "F45" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Are the browse identifiers the 63 writers?", "rests_on": [ "F1", "F47", "F49" ], "modality": "documented", "would_resolve": "the paper's full text and metadata sheet" }, { "question": "What does \"written by humans\" count?", "rests_on": [ "F11", "F13" ], "modality": "documented", "would_resolve": "the tutorial on identifying authors of sentences" } ], "rail": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "claims": [ "F1", "F20", "F21", "F27" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the session: prompt, writing, suggestions, editing", "claims": [ "F2", "F3" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "keystroke-level logging and replay", "claims": [ "F4", "F34", "F46" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "purpose: the capabilities of language models, read from interaction", "claims": [ "F5", "F29" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "composition: genres, prompts and counts", "claims": [ "F6", "F7", "F15", "F33" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "claims": [ "F8", "F36", "F47", "F48", "F49" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the interface and its code", "claims": [ "F9", "F30" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "statistics of the sessions", "claims": [ "F10" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "the share of text written by humans", "claims": [ "F11" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "claims": [ "F12", "F24" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "identifying the authors of sentences", "claims": [ "F13" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "makers and venue", "claims": [ "F14", "F17", "F25", "F28", "F31" ], "earliest": "B1" }, { "lineage": "names and the paper", "claims": [ "F16", "F26" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "the problem: capabilities context-dependent and subjectively interpreted", "claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F23" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "the model as 'collaborator' under definitions of collaboration", "claims": [ "F22" ], "earliest": "B2" }, { "lineage": "reception: a paper page and its generated overview", "claims": [ "F32", "F45" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "the model instances: davinci at two randomness settings", "claims": [ "F35" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "findings: language, ideation, collaboration", "claims": [ "F37", "F38", "F39", "F43" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "collaboration measured: equality and mutuality, from ESL pair work", "claims": [ "F40", "F41" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "ownership: the writer's share and the writer's sense of the text", "claims": [ "F42" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "uses: hypotheses, training, design", "claims": [ "F44" ], "earliest": "B5" }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "claims": [ "F50", "F51" ], "earliest": "B7" }, { "lineage": "the homonym: collaborative writing between persons", "claims": [ "F52", "F53" ], "earliest": "B7" } ], "body_words": 122, "entity": "With no archive claim admitted, the entry is the dataset at its own pages' and its paper's resolution: what it is, its sessions, its share of text written by humans, its findings as reported, and its access; no reading of whose authorship it keeps." }, "KO_B": { "title": "CoAuthor", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "knowledge object", "status": "composed 2026-11-01; not frozen", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "text": "CoAuthor, at coauthor.stanford.edu, \"is a human-AI collaborative writing dataset that captures rich interaction between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions in English.\"", "claims": [ "F1", "F21" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "text": "The paper that presents it, by Mina Lee, Percy Liang and Qian Yang, describes \"a dataset designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in assisting creative and argumentative writing\" and was published as a conference paper at CHI 2022 after arXiv versions of 18 and 25 January 2022.", "claims": [ "F20", "F16", "F17", "F25", "F26", "F28", "F31" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 0, "text": "Its site gives the purpose as helping designers understand the generative capabilities of large language models by examining the same sessions from several perspectives.", "claims": [ "F5" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 1, "text": "Writers received a prompt and a GPT-3 instance, wrote, asked for suggestions with the tab key, accepted or dismissed them, and edited in any order, every keystroke recorded with timestamps for replay.", "claims": [ "F2", "F3", "F4", "F9", "F34", "F46", "F36" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "text": "The instances, by alphaXiv's overview, were davinci at a high and a low randomness setting, and the interface code is published on GitHub.", "claims": [ "F35", "F30", "F14" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 2, "text": "There are 830 stories by 58 writers and 615 essays by 49, on prompts from the WritingPrompts subreddit and The New York Times, averaging 418 words, with 11.8 queries a session and 72.3% of suggestions accepted.", "claims": [ "F6", "F7", "F33", "F10", "F15" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 2, "text": "The writers were qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk, and the browse page lists them under short identifiers in a column headed \"Human\".", "claims": [ "F8", "F47", "F48", "F49" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 3, "text": "The site reports that 72.6% of the text was written by humans and offers a tutorial for identifying the authors of sentences.", "claims": [ "F11", "F13" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 3, "text": "By the overview's account, writers felt more ownership the more of the final text they authored (r=0.3), while editing showed no correlation with ownership.", "claims": [ "F42" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 4, "text": "The paper claims the dataset can reveal GPT-3's contribution as a writing \"collaborator\" under various definitions of good collaboration, measured as equality and mutuality after Storch's work on ESL pair interaction.", "claims": [ "F22", "F40", "F41" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 4, "text": "Reported findings include fewer errors in accepted suggestions, new named entities in 13% and 7% of them, reuse of 20% and 14% of those, length correlated with queries, and collaboration patterns that vary by writer.", "claims": [ "F37", "F38", "F39", "F43" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 4, "text": "The paper motivates the dataset by the context-dependence and subjective interpretation of language-model capabilities, and the overview adds that it supplies supervision signals for training.", "claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F23", "F44" ] }, { "n": 13, "para": 5, "text": "The dataset, its metadata and survey responses are downloadable, and the paper calls the dataset and its replay interface publicly available.", "claims": [ "F12", "F24", "F27", "F29" ] }, { "n": 14, "para": 5, "text": "Wikipedia has no article on it; \"Coauthor\" redirects to Collaborative writing, two or more persons working on a text, a possible case of joint authorship; alphaXiv heads its account \"AI Overview\" and counts 812 citations.", "claims": [ "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53", "F32", "F45" ] } ] }, "L_B": { "words": 405, "text": "CoAuthor, at coauthor.stanford.edu, \"is a human-AI collaborative writing dataset that captures rich interaction between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions in English.\" The paper that presents it, by Mina Lee, Percy Liang and Qian Yang, describes \"a dataset designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in assisting creative and argumentative writing\" and was published as a conference paper at CHI 2022 after arXiv versions of 18 and 25 January 2022. Its site gives the purpose as helping designers understand the generative capabilities of large language models by examining the same sessions from several perspectives. Writers received a prompt and a GPT-3 instance, wrote, asked for suggestions with the tab key, accepted or dismissed them, and edited in any order, every keystroke recorded with timestamps for replay. The instances, by alphaXiv's overview, were davinci at a high and a low randomness setting, and the interface code is published on GitHub. There are 830 stories by 58 writers and 615 essays by 49, on prompts from the WritingPrompts subreddit and The New York Times, averaging 418 words, with 11.8 queries a session and 72.3% of suggestions accepted. The writers were qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk, and the browse page lists them under short identifiers in a column headed \"Human\". The site reports that 72.6% of the text was written by humans and offers a tutorial for identifying the authors of sentences. By the overview's account, writers felt more ownership the more of the final text they authored (r=0.3), while editing showed no correlation with ownership. The paper claims the dataset can reveal GPT-3's contribution as a writing \"collaborator\" under various definitions of good collaboration, measured as equality and mutuality after Storch's work on ESL pair interaction. Reported findings include fewer errors in accepted suggestions, new named entities in 13% and 7% of them, reuse of 20% and 14% of those, length correlated with queries, and collaboration patterns that vary by writer. The paper motivates the dataset by the context-dependence and subjective interpretation of language-model capabilities, and the overview adds that it supplies supervision signals for training. The dataset, its metadata and survey responses are downloadable, and the paper calls the dataset and its replay interface publicly available. Wikipedia has no article on it; \"Coauthor\" redirects to Collaborative writing, two or more persons working on a text, a possible case of joint authorship; alphaXiv heads its account \"AI Overview\" and counts 812 citations.", "note": "L_F(B), the field composed in the field's ontology (v0.10 §0.4), B = B_D ∪ B_R, realized as KO_B; its rail is P_B's, by lineage." }, "L_BA": { "words": 1648, "text": "CoAuthor is a research dataset of human-AI collaborative writing, a released, schema-defined body of records that holds the interactions between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions in English. Its paper presents it as \"a dataset designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in assisting creative and argumentative writing\", and its site states the purpose: designers \"can examine the same sessions from multiple analytical perspectives to better understand the generative capabilities of large language models\". The name is the short title of the paper \"CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities\" by Mina Lee, Percy Liang and Qian Yang, given with the affiliations Stanford University and Cornell University, submitted to arXiv on 18 January 2022, revised on 25 January 2022 and published as a conference paper at CHI 2022, in its Proceedings (DOI 10.1145/3491102.3502030). In each session a writer received a prompt and an instance of GPT-3, wrote freely, asked the model for suggestions, accepted or dismissed them, and edited the accepted suggestions or earlier text in any order. The writing took place in a text editor in which the tab key brought five suggestions, up to five in the account of the paper's overview on alphaXiv, and the code of the interface is published in a repository whose first part is \"the frontend presented to the users for writing with AI\". The instances are reported as GPT-3's davinci engine at two randomness settings, high (temperature 0.75, frequency penalty 1) and low (temperature 0.3, frequency penalty 0), and the dataset lists each session's randomness. Every interaction was recorded at the keystroke level with timestamps, inserting text, moving the cursor and receiving suggestions, \"so that we could replay them precisely\", and the dataset is published with an interface for replaying the sessions. The creative writing holds 830 stories by 58 writers and the argumentative writing 615 essays by 49 writers, written to prompts from the WritingPrompts subreddit and The New York Times, 20 prompts in all by the overview's count. Stories and essays run to 418 words, a session averages 11.8 queries, and 72.3% of suggestions were accepted. The writers were \"Qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk\". The dataset's browse page lists each session by type, prompt, randomness, \"Human\" and session ID, the human column holding a short identifier such as \"A1198\"; in its last row that column repeats the session ID. The authorship census records whose authorship the dataset keeps, and under what name, as not recorded in its saved source, which counted 63 writers without saying whether or how they are named, and lists who the writers are among what the dataset does not answer. Amazon announced that Mechanical Turk, the platform the writers were recruited from, would close on 30 September 2026, as the archive records from Turkopticon's own article. The dataset divides its text by origin, \"Percentage of text written by humans: 72.6%\", and its tutorials include one for \"Identifying authors of sentences\". In the paper as its overview reports it, writers felt stronger ownership when they authored a larger proportion of the final text (r=0.3), and the amount of editing showed no meaningful correlation with ownership, which the overview reads as text origin mattering more than editorial effort. The archive keeps apart two questions that such a share joins, whether AI played a material role in the production chain (the mediation question) and whether AI-produced language survived into the final text (the generation question), and requires no ratio of AI-generated to human-authored language. On its definition of the pristine fallacy, \"'human-written' describes the author, not the distribution\", and the binary of \"human-written\" and \"AI-generated\" is discussed \"in ways that elide structured collaborative practice\". The archive reads authorship as \"an accountability structure\", against certification that places AI-assisted work outside the human-authored category, and keeps responsibility for a work apart from sole origination. It states that the metadata attributing augmented-cognition outputs to human authorship attaches to legal names, that provenance is declared or erased under \"the fiction of unmediated human authorship that current classifier regimes reward\", and that a policy certifying human authorship by classifier runs from \"detector score → authorship attribution\" to career sanction without warrant at any step. The paper's headline claim is that the dataset can address GPT-3's language, ideation and collaboration capabilities and reveal its contribution as a writing \"collaborator\" under various definitions of good collaboration, and the census reads the model's part so framed, as contribution, recording that how authorship of a session's text is assigned is not recorded in its saved source. Collaboration is measured, in the overview's account, as equality, \"The evenness of turn-taking between human and AI\", and mutuality, \"The level of human interaction with AI suggestions\", concepts the paper adapts from Neomy Storch's 2002 study of interaction in ESL pair work. The reported findings are that accepted GPT-3 sentences carried fewer errors per word (0.033) than human-only text (0.037) and jointly made segments the fewest (0.032), that 13% of accepted suggestions in creative writing and 7% in argumentative writing introduced new named entities, of which writers reused 20% and 14%, that final length correlated with queries (r=0.42) and accepted suggestions (r=0.48), and that collaboration patterns varied across writers and held across prompts. The paper sets the dataset against a stated problem, that the capabilities of language models are \"highly context-dependent\" and \"often subjectively interpreted\", and argues that curating and analysing large interaction datasets lets the HCI community examine them more incisively and discuss their promises and pitfalls on a more principled footing. The overview adds that the dataset provides supervision signals for training language models for interactive, collaborative settings. Within the archive one co-writing study is read two ways, with a second study beside it: the Reverse Turing Test (#161) reports that writing with LLM assistance reduces lexical, syntactic and content diversity \"even when the human writer retains final authorship and edits the AI's suggestions\", an erratum (#1577) states that the study attributed the reduced diversity \"to the model-contributed text; the human-contributed text was unaffected in that design\", and the Wolf Boy paper (#855) reports that AI-assisted writing raises individual creativity and lowers the collective diversity of novel content. Under the archive's account of heteronymy, machine assistance whose contribution is not organized as a named witness role with declared provenance, and collaborative authorship in which no distinct heteronym is constituted, stand outside heteronymy, and its own machine witnesses are \"named machine-witness roles imposed over specific machine substrates\". The archive records machine participation in its own writing by naming each model and its part and keeping what the text claims as the author's decision, and its tag vocabulary grades the share and direction of a text's machine participation from \"human_primary\" through \"human_directed_ai_assisted\" to \"collaborative_mixed\". The leesharks.com authorship census, whose rows are aggregators that gather many works or records and say what they hold, holds CoAuthor as an empirical comparator, under machine co-authorship and attribution and credit, for its question, \"How is authorship made, named, distributed, attributed and sustained across persons, personas, collectives and machine participation, and what is lost when those relations are collapsed?\", and gives it the narrower question of what a language model contributes to a writing session, read from recorded interactions, answering also how many writers, instances and sessions it holds. It reads the dataset as process evidence of distributed contribution held at the session level, the persons counted and the question of whose name the text bears left outside the record as saved, and tags it as no record of named authors, no sustained literary practice and no claim of the model's authorship, and lists how a sustained named poetic practice works among what it does not answer, the study population and task setting differing. The archive sets CoAuthor as a comparator for its own dataset export, its properties taken from its own documentation and undiscounted as self-description, and records a machine composition that compared Alexanarch with CoAuthor and other AI-writing corpora; its disambiguation matrix gives CoAuthor's object as writing sessions and its identifier as a dataset DOI or URL. The dataset, its metadata and its survey responses can be downloaded from its site, which links the paper and the interface code and directs questions to \"Mina\", and the paper calls the dataset and the replay interface \"publicly available\". The census, whose fetch of the home page on 1 November 2026 failed with a TLS certificate error, records the dataset as historical, whether its site and replay interface still answer as unrecorded, its geography and license as not stated, and its home page, the paper's full text and the license as unchecked; the site's pages were read the same day. Wikipedia has no article on the dataset; its title \"Coauthor\", the common noun, redirects to Collaborative writing, which defines the homonym as a procedure in which two or more persons work together on a text and admits a case of joint authorship where more than one person creates a work in collaboration. alphaXiv carries the paper with an account it heads \"AI Overview\", beside an \"overview generator\", and counts 812 citations. Asked \"CoAuthor dataset\" on 1 November 2026, signed out, Google's AI Overview composed the dataset with its authors, size, composition, mechanics and access from five cards (the site, the arXiv and ACM pages, the code repository and alphaXiv), at a finer grain than the census's saved abstract and from the site the census could not read, the Capture Registry finds. The registry finds that the composition gave the writers as crowd workers recruited from a crowd platform and named none of them, divided the text by percentage into an aggregate share of human-authored text that assigns no session's text to anyone, and left out the abstract's frame of the model as \"collaborator\" and the dataset's purpose. The registry enters CoAuthor as an external resource, entered in the leesharks.com apparatus authorship census on 1 November 2026.", "rail": [], "note": "L(B ∪ A) in the equal-terms case (v0.10 §0.4), realized as the knowledge object (objects.KO); its rail is P's, by lineage." } }, "field": [ { "id": "B1", "card": "Stanford University — CoAuthor – Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset", "fetched": "curl, agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)', 2026-11-01T06:15:10Z: HTTP 200, sha256 4399bed2d9244452…; the server's certificate chain completed with the intermediate its certificate names", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B2", "card": "arXiv — [2201.06796] CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities", "fetched": "curl, agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)', 2026-11-01T06:15:20Z: HTTP 200, sha256 540bc42e51f2e67f…; byte-identical to the census copy", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B3", "card": "ACM Digital Library — CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities | Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "fetched": "curl, agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)', 2026-11-01T06:15:20Z: HTTP 403, sha256 ef655ac9eabcebde…; unreachable, snippet only", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B4", "card": "GitHub — GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface", "fetched": "curl, agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)', 2026-11-01T06:15:20Z: HTTP 403, sha256 b3e03aaaff81d687…; unreachable, snippet only", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B5", "card": "alphaXiv — CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset ... - alphaXiv", "fetched": "curl, agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)', 2026-11-01T06:15:20Z: HTTP 200, sha256 d6c9c291b6d78655…", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B6", "card": "CoAuthor — Browse CoAuthor (coauthor.stanford.edu/browse/)", "fetched": "curl, agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)', 2026-11-01T06:15:40Z: HTTP 200, sha256 1f1edc8b976448d9…", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R" }, { "id": "B7", "card": "Wikipedia — CoAuthor (no article; 'Coauthor' redirects to Collaborative writing)", "fetched": "curl (Wikipedia raw wikitext and API), agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)', 2026-11-01T06:16:08Z: HTTP 404, sha256 fa40caeaff8fc0d8…", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R" } ], "field_claims": { "F1": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶1", "quote": "CoAuthor is a human-AI collaborative writing dataset that captures rich interaction between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions in English.", "claim": "the dataset's definition of itself: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of interactions between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions in English", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F2": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶2 s1", "quote": "At each session, we provided writers with a prompt (black text) and an instance of GPT-3.", "claim": "at each session the makers gave a writer a prompt and an instance of GPT-3", "modality": "documented", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the session: prompt, writing, suggestions, editing", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F3": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶2 s2", "quote": "They then wrote freely (brown), asked GPT-3 for suggestions (blue), accepted the suggestions or dismissed them, and edited the accepted suggestions or previous texts in any order they chose.", "claim": "writers wrote freely, asked GPT-3 for suggestions, accepted or dismissed them, and edited accepted suggestions or earlier text in any order", "modality": "documented", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the session: prompt, writing, suggestions, editing", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F4": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶2 s3", "quote": "All interactions between the writers and the system were recorded at the keystroke level (e.g. inserting text, moving the cursor, and receiving suggestions) with timestamps, so that we could replay them precisely.", "claim": "every interaction was recorded at the keystroke level with timestamps, so that sessions can be replayed precisely", "modality": "documented", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "keystroke-level logging and replay", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F5": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶2 s4", "quote": "Using this rich, nuanced, and fine-grained interaction dataset, designers can examine the same sessions from multiple analytical perspectives to better understand the generative capabilities of large language models.", "claim": "the dataset's stated purpose: designers can examine the same sessions from several analytical perspectives to understand the generative capabilities of large language models", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose: the capabilities of language models, read from interaction", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F6": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, Overview: types of writing", "quote": "Creative writing: 830 stories written by 58 writers … Argumentative writing: 615 essays written by 49 writers", "claim": "creative writing: 830 stories by 58 writers; argumentative writing: 615 essays by 49 writers", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "composition: genres, prompts and counts", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F7": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, Overview: prompts", "quote": "Writing prompts - WritingPrompts subreddit & The New York Times", "claim": "the prompts came from the WritingPrompts subreddit and The New York Times", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "composition: genres, prompts and counts", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F8": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, Overview: writers", "quote": "Writers - Qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk", "claim": "the writers were qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F9": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, Overview: interface", "quote": "Interface - Text editor where writers can press the tab key to get five suggestions", "claim": "the interface: a text editor in which pressing the tab key gives five suggestions", "modality": "documented", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the interface and its code", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F10": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, Basic statistics", "quote": "Stories and essays: 418 words long … Number of queries: 11.8 queries per writing session … Acceptance rate of suggestions: 72.3%", "claim": "stories and essays are 418 words long; 11.8 queries per session; 72.3% of suggestions accepted", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "statistics of the sessions", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F11": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, Basic statistics (last line)", "quote": "Percentage of text written by humans: 72.6%", "claim": "the dataset's measure of attribution: 72.6% of the text was written by humans", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the share of text written by humans", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F12": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, Getting Started", "quote": "Download the dataset, metadata, and survey responses: … Download writing sessions … View metadata and survey responses (Google Sheets)", "claim": "the dataset, its metadata and survey responses can be downloaded; metadata and survey responses are on Google Sheets", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F13": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, Tutorial", "quote": "Getting started with CoAuthor (Google Colab) … Identifying authors of sentences (Google Colab)", "claim": "two Colab tutorials: getting started, and identifying authors of sentences", "modality": "documented", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "identifying the authors of sentences", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F14": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "home page, links and foot", "quote": "CoAuthor paper (Lee et al., 2022) … [New] Code for interface … Ask us questions to Mina!", "claim": "the site links the paper (Lee et al., 2022) and the interface code, and directs questions to Mina", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "makers and venue", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 0d08637b373ed3e9…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F15": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 1 snippet", "quote": "Types of writing - Creative & Argumentative Creative writing: 830 stories written by 58 writers Argumentative writing: 615 essays written by 49 writers Writing ...", "claim": "card 1 as surfaced: the types of writing with their counts", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "composition: genres, prompts and counts", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 14f3bc724155a98c…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F16": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "arXiv abstract page, title", "quote": "Title: CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities", "claim": "the paper's title", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "names and the paper", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F17": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "arXiv abstract page, authors", "quote": "Authors: Mina Lee , Percy Liang , Qian Yang", "claim": "the paper's authors: Mina Lee, Percy Liang, Qian Yang", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "makers and venue", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F18": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "abstract s2", "quote": "However, their highly context-dependent capabilities are difficult to grasp and are often subjectively interpreted.", "claim": "the problem the paper states: the capabilities of language models are highly context-dependent, difficult to grasp and often subjectively interpreted", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the problem: capabilities context-dependent and subjectively interpreted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F19": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "abstract s3", "quote": "In this paper, we argue that by curating and analyzing large interaction datasets, the HCI community can foster more incisive examinations of LMs' generative capabilities.", "claim": "the paper's argument: curating and analysing large interaction datasets lets HCI examine LM capabilities more incisively", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the problem: capabilities context-dependent and subjectively interpreted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F20": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "abstract s4", "quote": "we present CoAuthor, a dataset designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in assisting creative and argumentative writing.", "claim": "the paper's definition: a dataset designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in assisting creative and argumentative writing", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F21": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "abstract s5", "quote": "CoAuthor captures rich interactions between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions.", "claim": "the dataset captures interactions between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F22": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "abstract s6", "quote": "We demonstrate that CoAuthor can address questions about GPT-3's language, ideation, and collaboration capabilities, and reveal its contribution as a writing \"collaborator\" under various definitions of good collaboration.", "claim": "the paper's headline claim: the dataset can address GPT-3's language, ideation and collaboration capabilities and reveal its contribution as a writing 'collaborator' under several definitions of good collaboration", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the model as 'collaborator' under definitions of collaboration", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F23": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "abstract s7", "quote": "Finally, we discuss how this work may facilitate a more principled discussion around LMs' promises and pitfalls in relation to interaction design.", "claim": "the paper discusses how the work may make discussion of LMs' promises and pitfalls in interaction design more principled", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the problem: capabilities context-dependent and subjectively interpreted", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F24": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "abstract s8", "quote": "The dataset and an interface for replaying the writing sessions are publicly available at this https URL .", "claim": "the dataset and a replay interface are publicly available", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F25": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "arXiv comments", "quote": "Published as a conference paper at CHI 2022", "claim": "published as a conference paper at CHI 2022", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "makers and venue", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F26": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "arXiv submission line and related DOI", "quote": "[Submitted on 18 Jan 2022 ( v1 ), last revised 25 Jan 2022 (this version, v2)] … https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502030", "claim": "submitted 18 January 2022 (v1), revised 25 January 2022 (v2); related DOI 10.1145/3491102.3502030", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "names and the paper", "date": "2022-01-18 (v1), 2022-01-25 (v2); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 8fb965d65bbf036b…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F27": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 2 snippet", "quote": "Dataset: CoAuthor (designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in creative and argumentative writing). Participants: 63 writers and 4 instances of GPT-3. Sessio...", "claim": "card 2 as surfaced: a restated abstract (dataset, participants); its wording is not the page's", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 14f3bc724155a98c…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F28": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 3 title (page unreachable: HTTP 403, a bot check)", "quote": "CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities | Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "claim": "card 3: the paper in the Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "makers and venue", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 14f3bc724155a98c…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F29": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 3 snippet (page unreachable: HTTP 403, a bot check)", "quote": "CoAuthor Dataset: Human-AI collaborative writing interactions (63 writers, 4 GPT-3 instances, 1445 writing sessions). Purpose: Reveal GPT-3 capabilities in crea...", "claim": "card 3 as surfaced: the dataset's interactions and counts, and its purpose, to reveal GPT-3 capabilities", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "purpose: the capabilities of language models, read from interaction", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 14f3bc724155a98c…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F30": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 4 title and snippet (page unreachable from this session: HTTP 403 from the egress proxy)", "quote": "GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface … This repository contains the code for the interface of CoAuthor. The interface comes in two parts: (1) the frontend presented to the users for writing with AI a...", "claim": "card 4: the code for CoAuthor's interface, in two parts, the first the frontend presented to users for writing with AI", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the interface and its code", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 14f3bc724155a98c…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F31": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "alphaXiv page head: affiliations and authors", "quote": "Stanford UniversityCornell University … Mina LeePercy LiangQian Yang", "claim": "alphaXiv gives the authors with the affiliations Stanford University and Cornell University", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "makers and venue", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F32": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "alphaXiv page head, the overview's label", "quote": "AI Overview … Our new overview generator adds more detail and page citations", "claim": "the page heads its account of the paper 'AI Overview' and offers an overview generator", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: a paper page and its generated overview", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F33": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview, 'The CoAuthor Dataset and Methodology': Diverse Contexts", "quote": "Diverse Contexts: The study included both creative writing (storytelling) and argumentative writing (evidence-based reasoning) tasks, using 20 different prompts sourced from Reddit's r/WritingPrompts and The New York Times.", "claim": "the overview: creative and argumentative tasks on 20 prompts from r/WritingPrompts and The New York Times", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "composition: genres, prompts and counts", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F34": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: Process-Oriented Data Collection", "quote": "Process-Oriented Data Collection: Rather than simply collecting final outputs, CoAuthor records every interaction as timestamped events, including text insertions, deletions, cursor movements, and AI suggestion requests.", "claim": "the overview: the dataset records every interaction as timestamped events in place of final outputs alone", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "keystroke-level logging and replay", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F35": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: Systematic Variation", "quote": "Systematic Variation: The researchers used GPT-3's davinci engine with two different randomness settings - high randomness (temperature=0.75, frequency penalty=1) and low randomness (temperature=0.3, frequency penalty=0) - to understand how model behavior affects collaboration.", "claim": "the overview: GPT-3's davinci engine at two randomness settings, high (temperature 0.75, frequency penalty 1) and low (0.3, 0)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the model instances: davinci at two randomness settings", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F36": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: data collection", "quote": "The data collection involved 63 qualified crowd workers who completed 1,445 writing sessions using a custom web-based text editor. Writers could request up to five AI suggestions at any point by pressing the tab key, then choose to accept or dismiss each suggestion.", "claim": "the overview: 63 qualified crowd workers completed 1,445 sessions in a custom web-based editor, requesting up to five suggestions with the tab key", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F37": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: Language Quality and Diversity", "quote": "Sentences generated by GPT-3 and accepted by human writers contained fewer spelling and grammatical errors (0.033 errors per word) compared to human-only text (0.037 errors per word). Notably, text segments created jointly by humans and AI showed the lowest error rates (0.032 errors per word)", "claim": "the overview: accepted GPT-3 sentences had fewer errors per word (0.033) than human-only text (0.037), and jointly made segments the fewest (0.032)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "findings: language, ideation, collaboration", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F38": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: Ideation and Creative Influence", "quote": "The analysis showed that 13% of accepted suggestions in creative writing and 7% in argumentative writing contained new named entities (characters, locations, concepts) not present in the preceding text. … Crucially, writers subsequently reused 20% of AI-introduced named entities in creative writing and 14% in argumentative writing.", "claim": "the overview: 13% (creative) and 7% (argumentative) of accepted suggestions introduced new named entities, and writers reused 20% and 14% of them", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "findings: language, ideation, collaboration", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F39": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: Collaboration Patterns", "quote": "The research revealed that collaboration patterns vary significantly across individual writers but remain relatively consistent across different writing prompts.", "claim": "the overview: collaboration patterns vary across writers and stay consistent across prompts", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "findings: language, ideation, collaboration", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F40": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: the two metrics", "quote": "Equality: The evenness of turn-taking between human and AI … Mutuality: The level of human interaction with AI suggestions", "claim": "the overview: the paper's two metrics, equality (evenness of turn-taking between human and AI) and mutuality (the level of human interaction with AI suggestions)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "collaboration measured: equality and mutuality, from ESL pair work", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F41": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview, references: Storch 2002", "quote": "The main paper directly adapts the theoretical concepts of 'equality' and 'mutuality' from this work to create novel metrics for analyzing the collaborative dynamics between writers and GPT-3. … Neomy Storch. 2002. Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work.", "claim": "the overview: the paper adapts equality and mutuality from Storch's study of ESL pair work (2002)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "collaboration measured: equality and mutuality, from ESL pair work", "date": "2002 (the cited study); read 2026-11-01", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F42": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: Ownership and Satisfaction", "quote": "Ownership and Satisfaction: Writers reported stronger feelings of ownership when they authored a larger proportion of the final text (r=0.3). Interestingly, the amount of editing performed showed no meaningful correlation with ownership, suggesting that text origin matters more than editorial effort in human-AI collaboration.", "claim": "the overview: writers reported stronger ownership when they authored a larger share of the final text (r=0.3); editing showed no meaningful correlation with ownership, which the overview reads as text origin mattering more than editorial effort", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "ownership: the writer's share and the writer's sense of the text", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F43": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: Productivity Enhancement", "quote": "Productivity Enhancement: The research found strong correlations between final text length and both the number of AI queries (r=0.42) and accepted suggestions (r=0.48).", "claim": "the overview: final text length correlates with the number of queries (r=0.42) and accepted suggestions (r=0.48)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "findings: language, ideation, collaboration", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F44": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "overview: Model Training", "quote": "Model Training: The dataset provides supervision signals for training language models specifically for interactive, collaborative settings", "claim": "the overview: the dataset provides supervision signals for training language models for interactive, collaborative settings", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "uses: hypotheses, training, design", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F45": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "page foot: counts", "quote": "226 views812 citations", "claim": "alphaXiv counts 226 views and 812 citations", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: a paper page and its generated overview", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 3a528bbab0face5a…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F46": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card 5 snippet", "quote": "Process-Oriented Data Collection: Rather than simply collecting final outputs, CoAuthor records every interaction as timestamped events, including text insertio...", "claim": "card 5 as surfaced: the overview's sentence on process-oriented data collection", "modality": "documented", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "keystroke-level logging and replay", "date": "undated on the card", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card rail of the registry's transcript string (T1, sha256 14f3bc724155a98c…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F47": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "browse page, table header", "quote": "Type Prompt Randomness Human Session ID Replay", "claim": "the browse table lists each session by type, prompt, randomness, human, session ID and a replay link", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 4bd0ea289e1eea7f…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F48": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "browse page, first row", "quote": "Creative mana High A1198 8911f", "claim": "a session listed: creative, prompt 'mana', high randomness, human 'A1198', session '8911f'; the human column holds a short identifier", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 4bd0ea289e1eea7f…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F49": { "source": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "browse page, last row", "quote": "Argumentative extremesports Low b38b5 b38b5", "claim": "the last row's human column repeats its session ID (b38b5)", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "date": "2026-11-01 (read; fetched 2026-11-01)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 4bd0ea289e1eea7f…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F50": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Wikipedia: titles CoAuthor and CoAuthor (dataset); article-space searches", "quote": "HTTP 404 (Wikimedia Error page; saved as B7.wiki … HTTP 404 (Wikimedia Error page; saved as B7-dataset.wiki … Wikipedia does not have an article on the dataset under 'CoAuthor' or 'CoAuthor (dataset)', and the searches found no article that names it.", "claim": "Wikipedia has no article on the dataset, and the searches found none that names it", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 83d3a44779d48010…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F51": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Wikipedia: title Coauthor (raw wikitext)", "quote": "#REDIRECT [[Collaborative writing]]", "claim": "the common noun 'Coauthor' redirects to Collaborative writing", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved wikitext B7-redirect.wiki (sha256 33329ac7e00f45da…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F52": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Collaborative writing, lead (wikitext line 2)", "quote": "'''Collaborative writing''' is a procedure in which two or more persons work together on a [[Writing|text]] of some kind (e.g., academic papers, reports, creative writing, projects, and business proposals).", "claim": "the homonym's sense: collaborative writing is two or more persons working together on a text", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the homonym: collaborative writing between persons", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved wikitext B7-collab.wiki (sha256 15bb084d97b25599…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F53": { "source": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Collaborative writing, section Authorship (wikitext line 77)", "quote": "But, when more than one person creates the work in collaboration with one another, then a case of [[joint authorship]] can be made provided some criteria are met.", "claim": "the homonym's authorship: work created by more than one person in collaboration can make a case of joint authorship, given criteria", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the homonym: collaborative writing between persons", "date": "2026-11-01 (as fetched)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved wikitext B7-collab.wiki (sha256 15bb084d97b25599…), whitespace-normalised" } }, "field_sources": { "B1": "Stanford University — CoAuthor – Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset", "B2": "arXiv — [2201.06796] CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities", "B3": "ACM Digital Library — CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities | Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "B4": "GitHub — GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface", "B5": "alphaXiv — CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset ... - alphaXiv", "B6": "CoAuthor — Browse CoAuthor (coauthor.stanford.edu/browse/)", "B7": "Wikipedia — CoAuthor (no article; 'Coauthor' redirects to Collaborative writing)" }, "delta": { "T_vs_LB": "At \"CoAuthor dataset\" (T1, five cards, all of B_D: B1 the dataset's site, B2 arXiv, B3 ACM (refused, HTTP 403 bot check), B4 GitHub (unreachable from this session), B5 alphaXiv; 257 words) the composition gives the dataset from its cards at their grain, each statement cited by card. Composed: the definition, coarsened to 'large-scale, process-oriented' from B5's 'large-scale dataset' and 'Process-Oriented Data Collection' (F1, F34); the makers and venue (F17, F25); the counts and the split by genre with prompt sources (F21, F6, F7, with B5's 'Reddit's r/WritingPrompts', F33); the crowd workers (F8, F36); the length, query and acceptance rates (F10); the share of text (F11, relabelled, below); keystroke logging (F4, F34); the tab key and 'up to five' (F9 site 'five', F36 overview 'up to five': T follows the overview); davinci and randomness, the values dropped (F35); downloads with metadata and survey responses (F12); code (F30); paper and venue (F16, F28, F24). §6.2 \"available, not composed\" (B_D only): the dataset's stated purpose, 'designers can examine the same sessions from multiple analytical perspectives' (B1 F5), which the registry's PER-dim reading also finds absent (CAP-1-11); the paper's definition 'designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities' (B2 F20); the paper's headline claim of GPT-3's contribution as a writing 'collaborator' under definitions of good collaboration (B2 F22; CAP-1-04); the tutorial 'Identifying authors of sentences' (B1 F13); the editing of accepted suggestions and earlier text 'in any order' (B1 F3); the problem and argument (B2 F18, F19, F23); the measures equality and mutuality and their source in ESL pair work (B5 F40, F41); the findings on errors, named entities, length and individual variation (B5 F37, F38, F39, F43); the ownership finding, writers' ownership tracking their authored share (r=0.3) and none with editing (B5 F42); the training use (B5 F44); the Cornell affiliation (B5 F31); the paper's dates (B2 F26); alphaXiv's 'AI Overview' label and citation count (B5 F32, F45). Limit dropped: the paper's stated condition on what such data can show, capabilities 'highly context-dependent' and 'often subjectively interpreted' (B2 F18), absent where the closer offers 'information on specific findings regarding human-AI collaboration'. Substituted reading: the site's measure 'Percentage of text written by humans: 72.6%' (B1 F11) is composed as 'Human-authored text proportion: 72.6%', a measure of text written restated as a measure of authorship; the registry's finding that the composition divides the text by percentage and assigns no session's text to anyone stands (CAP-1-03). Composed without attribution: none at the source's resolution; every bullet carries card citations. Outside the cards: the arrow keys and Enter, 'Open-source frontend/backend' (B4 unreachable; no saved text carries them). Content replaced by use: the closer's offer of Python code snippets (T1-13). The cards' snippets: card 2's ('Dataset: CoAuthor (designed for …). Participants: 63 writers and 4 instances of GPT-3.') is not the arXiv page's wording (F27, checked against B2.txt), a restated abstract on the rail; card 3's cannot be checked (B3 refused).", "T_vs_LB_reading": "v0.10 §0.5: the first diff is ontological and narrow. T and the field agree on the entity, a dataset; T composes its statistics and mechanics and leaves out every claim of its cards that concerns what the dataset is for and what it shows about collaboration and authorship: its purpose, the collaborator frame, the ownership finding, the tutorial for identifying sentence authors, the measures and their genealogy. What it keeps of authorship it relabels: the share of text written by humans becomes a human-authored proportion.", "LB_vs_LBA": "Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the archive's kind for the entity, a released, schema-defined body of records among research datasets on human-AI writing, and its relation, a comparator for the archive's own dataset export (#1680, D1680-01–05; R); the authorship census's reading, CoAuthor as an empirical comparator for how authorship is distributed and attributed, process evidence held at the session level with the persons counted and the question of whose name the text bears left outside the record (LS-06, LS-08, LS-30, LS-13, LS-14, LS-36–38); the census's gaps, the writers unnamed, the license unstated, the home page and the full text unchecked (LS-27, LS-29, LS-32, LS-39–41); and, by class, the archive's terms for the share the dataset measures: the mediation and generation questions kept apart and no ratio required (#941), 'human-written' naming the author (#856), the binary eliding collaborative practice (#666), authorship as accountability (#729), responsibility kept apart from sole origination and attribution metadata attached to legal names (#940), declared or erased provenance (#939), classifier attribution of authorship (#1540); the archive's boundary of heteronymy, which places unnamed machine assistance and collaborative authorship without a heteronym outside it, and its own record of machine participation (#940, #1722, #745); its contested reading of co-writing and diversity (#161, #1577, #855); and the announced closure of the platform the writers came from (#1719). Not surfaced (§6.2): every archive source; the field's B_R sources (B6, the browse page; B7, Wikipedia) were not surfaced either. The Capture Registry's findings (CAP-1-01–13) are the archive's statements on the composition and are carried as such. None of the additions contests what the field says the dataset is: each adds a reading, a relation, a term or a limit on the field's own object, the share of text and the writers it counts.", "alignment": { "pool": "B_D (cards B1–B5) alone, §3.1(a): a source of B_R (B6, B7) cannot show what the composition had", "T1_cards_claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F42", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46" ], "T1_composed": [ "F1", "F21", "F17", "F25", "F8", "F36", "F6", "F7", "F33", "F10", "F11", "F4", "F34", "F9", "F35", "F12", "F30", "F14", "F16", "F28", "F24" ], "T1_rail_only": [ "F15", "F27", "F29", "F46" ], "T1_not_composed": [ "F2", "F3", "F5", "F13", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F22", "F23", "F26", "F31", "F32", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F42", "F43", "F44", "F45" ], "T1_outside_cards": [ "'navigating via arrow keys and selecting with `Enter`' (cited [1] Stanford and [2] GitHub; no saved card text carries it; B4 unreachable, B1 does not)", "'Human-authored text proportion' (the label: B1 F11 says 'Percentage of text written by humans'; the number is B1's)", "'Open-source frontend/backend code' (card 4 F30 gives 'two parts', the first the frontend; 'backend' and 'open-source' in no saved text; B4 unreachable)", "'Rather than saving only final drafts' (B5 F34 'Rather than simply collecting final outputs': coarse restatement, cited [1] alphaXiv and [2] Stanford)" ], "rule": "a field claim of B_D counts as composed when T states it at its source's grain or coarser; the typology of what is not is in T_vs_LB (§6.2). Rail-only claims are the cards' snippets, composed on the rail (§5.0)." }, "capture_findings_checked": [ { "finding": "CAP-1-01", "check": "holds: the counts by genre and prompt source are on B1 (F6, F7) and B5 (F33); the site and code are carded; the census's home page is read here (B1)." }, { "finding": "CAP-1-02", "check": "holds: B1 F8 is the composition's source; no saved source names a writer; the browse page (B6, which T did not surface) lists identifiers." }, { "finding": "CAP-1-03", "check": "holds, with a refinement the field ledger shows: the composition's 'Human-authored text proportion' relabels the site's 'Percentage of text written by humans' (F11); the number is the site's. The finding's 'a measure the saved abstract does not carry' is right of the abstract and the site carries it." }, { "finding": "CAP-1-04", "check": "holds: F22 not composed; the closer offers findings without stating any, while the cards carry them (B5 F37–F43)." }, { "finding": "CAP-1-11 (purpose atom absent)", "check": "holds: B1 F5 and B2 F20 not composed." } ] }, "kernel": [ { "K": "K1", "claim": "`LS-01`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K2", "claim": "`LS-02`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "names and the paper", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K3", "claim": "`LS-03`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "names and the paper", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K4", "claim": "`LS-04`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K5", "claim": "`LS-05`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "makers and venue", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K6", "claim": "`LS-06`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K7", "claim": "`LS-07`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K8", "claim": "`LS-08`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K9", "claim": "`LS-09`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K10", "claim": "`LS-10`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K11", "claim": "`LS-11`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the session: prompt, writing, suggestions, editing", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K12", "claim": "`LS-12`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K13", "claim": "`LS-13`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K14", "claim": "`LS-14`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K15", "claim": "`LS-15`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K16", "claim": "`LS-16`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the model as 'collaborator' under definitions of collaboration", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K17", "claim": "`LS-17`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the session: prompt, writing, suggestions, editing", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K18", "claim": "`LS-18`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "names and the paper", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K19", "claim": "`LS-19`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "composition: genres, prompts and counts", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K20", "claim": "`LS-20`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K21", "claim": "`LS-21`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K22", "claim": "`LS-22`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "keystroke-level logging and replay", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K23", "claim": "`LS-23`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "makers and venue", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K24", "claim": "`LS-24`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the problem: capabilities context-dependent and subjectively interpreted", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K25", "claim": "`LS-25`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K26", "claim": "`LS-26`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K27", "claim": "`LS-27`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K28", "claim": "`LS-28`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K29", "claim": "`LS-29`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K30", "claim": "`LS-30`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K31", "claim": "`LS-31`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K32", "claim": "`LS-32`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K33", "claim": "`LS-33`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "lifecycle: a dataset of 2022", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K34", "claim": "`LS-34`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "lifecycle: a dataset of 2022", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K35", "claim": "`LS-35`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "lifecycle: a dataset of 2022", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K36", "claim": "`LS-36`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K37", "claim": "`LS-37`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K38", "claim": "`LS-38`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the model as 'collaborator' under definitions of collaboration", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (restates the field: one lineage with B2, the census's source)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K39", "claim": "`LS-39`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the record: anchor, question and what it leaves unchecked", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K40", "claim": "`LS-40`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the record: anchor, question and what it leaves unchecked", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K41", "claim": "`LS-41`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the record: anchor, question and what it leaves unchecked", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field states no reading of whose authorship the dataset keeps)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K42", "claim": "`LS-42`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K43", "claim": "`LS-43`", "source": "leesharks.com authorship census record, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the census's question and its reading", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K44", "claim": "`CAP-1-01`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it held", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K45", "claim": "`CAP-1-02`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it held", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K46", "claim": "`CAP-1-03`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it held", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K47", "claim": "`CAP-1-04`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it left out", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K48", "claim": "`CAP-1-05`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it held", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K49", "claim": "`CAP-1-06`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it left out", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K50", "claim": "`CAP-1-07`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it held", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K51", "claim": "`CAP-1-08`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it held", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K52", "claim": "`CAP-1-09`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: attribution", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K53", "claim": "`CAP-1-10`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it held", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K54", "claim": "`CAP-1-11`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: what it left out", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K55", "claim": "`CAP-1-12`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the composition at the name: attribution", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K56", "claim": "`CAP-1-13`", "source": "Capture Registry, 2026-11-01", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the record: anchor, question and what it leaves unchecked", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (an observation of T)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K57", "claim": "`D1680-01`", "source": "#1680, 2026-10-13", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the archive's kind for it: a released, schema-defined body of records", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the archive's own relation to the entity)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K58", "claim": "`D1680-02`", "source": "#1680, 2026-10-13", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive and CoAuthor: a comparator for the dataset export", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the archive's own relation to the entity)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K59", "claim": "`D1680-03`", "source": "#1680, 2026-10-13", "M_src": "attributed", "sense": "the archive and CoAuthor: a comparator for the dataset export", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the archive's own relation to the entity)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K60", "claim": "`D1680-04`", "source": "#1680, 2026-10-13", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's kind for it: a released, schema-defined body of records", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the archive's own relation to the entity)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K61", "claim": "`D1680-05`", "source": "#1680, 2026-10-13", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "makers and venue", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "none (the archive's own relation to the entity)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K62", "claim": "`O940-01`", "source": "#940, 2026-07-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the archive's terms: responsibility, origination and the civil name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K63", "claim": "`O940-02`", "source": "#940, 2026-07-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's terms: responsibility, origination and the civil name", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K64", "claim": "`O940-03`", "source": "#940, 2026-07-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the archive's terms: machine assistance and collaborative authorship outside heteronymy", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K65", "claim": "`O940-04`", "source": "#940, 2026-07-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the archive's terms: machine assistance and collaborative authorship outside heteronymy", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K66", "claim": "`O1722-01`", "source": "#1722, 2026-10-30", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the archive's own record of machine participation", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K67", "claim": "`O941-01`", "source": "#941, 2026-07-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the archive's terms: mediation and generation", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F11 (the share of text written by humans)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K68", "claim": "`O941-02`", "source": "#941, 2026-07-01", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the archive's terms: mediation and generation", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K69", "claim": "`O856-01`", "source": "#856, 2026-06-18", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the archive's terms: 'human-written' names the author", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "qualified claim: F11 (the share of text written by humans)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K70", "claim": "`O729-01`", "source": "#729, 2026-05-12", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's terms: authorship as accountability", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K71", "claim": "`O745-01`", "source": "#745, 2026-05-20", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "the archive's own record of machine participation", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K72", "claim": "`O666-01`", "source": "#666, 2026-04-17", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's terms: 'human-written' names the author", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K73", "claim": "`O161-01`", "source": "#161, 2026-06-07", "M_src": "attributed", "sense": "co-writing with a model: what it does to diversity", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K74", "claim": "`O855-01`", "source": "#855, 2026-06-18", "M_src": "attributed", "sense": "co-writing with a model: what it does to diversity", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K75", "claim": "`O1577-01`", "source": "#1577, 2026-09-05", "M_src": "attributed", "sense": "co-writing with a model: what it does to diversity", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "rival claim: O161-01 (within the archive)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K76", "claim": "`O939-01`", "source": "#939, 2026-07-01", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's own record of machine participation", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K77", "claim": "`O1540-01`", "source": "#1540, 2026-08-24", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the archive's terms: authorship as accountability", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" }, { "K": "K78", "claim": "`O1719-01`", "source": "#1719, 2026-10-29", "M_src": "attributed", "sense": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not, uptake §8.3)", "contrast": "missing distinction (the field has no claim on the point)", "resolver": "a later capture at \"CoAuthor dataset\" (ADDR-ca145bdd5b06) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3)" } ], "kernel_T": [ { "claim": "F5", "note": "the dataset's stated purpose, absent (CAP-1-11)" }, { "claim": "F20", "note": "the paper's definition of the dataset's design, absent" }, { "claim": "F22", "note": "GPT-3's contribution as a writing 'collaborator' under definitions of good collaboration, absent (CAP-1-04)" }, { "claim": "F13", "note": "the tutorial 'Identifying authors of sentences', absent" }, { "claim": "F42", "note": "the ownership finding (r=0.3; editing uncorrelated), absent" }, { "claim": "F18", "note": "the stated limit on what such capability claims can show, absent" }, { "claim": "F40", "note": "the measures equality and mutuality, absent" }, { "claim": "F41", "note": "their genealogy in ESL pair work (Storch 2002), absent" }, { "claim": "F37", "note": "the error-rate finding, absent" }, { "claim": "F38", "note": "the named-entity finding, absent" }, { "claim": "F3", "note": "editing accepted suggestions or earlier text in any order, absent" }, { "claim": "F31", "note": "the Cornell affiliation, absent" } ], "ledger": { "archive": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/coauthor/ledger-archive.json", "field": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/coauthor/field.json", "selection": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/coauthor/", "config": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/panel/configs/coauthor.json", "intake": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/", "audit": null }, "ontology": { "composition": "equal", "composition_note": "equal-terms case (v0.10 §0.9, §4.1): one claim space; the field's and the archive's claims ordered together; nothing translated (§4.3: every field claim carried whole and composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with).", "case": { "value": "equal", "statement": "The archive reads the field's entity as the entity. Its one deposit that names CoAuthor (#1680, with its superseded instance #1678) defines it as an instance of the dataset, 'a released, schema-defined body of records', places it among 'research datasets on human–AI writing' whose object is 'writing sessions', and sets it as a comparator for the archive's export, taking its properties 'from their own documentation'. The authorship census describes it from its paper's abstract and reads it as process evidence of distributed contribution; the capture record checks the composition against the census. The deposits that bear by class (#941, #856, #666, #729, #940, #939, #1540, #745, #1722, #161, #1577, #855, #1719) add terms, readings and limits on the field's own object, the share of text written by humans and the writers it counts, and none contests what the field says the dataset is: ρ = extends, the equal-terms case.", "loci": [ { "dep": 1680, "locus": "§1 Entity definitions, 'Standard discourse'", "quote": "A *dataset* is a released, schema-defined body of records (Hugging Face datasets, CoAuthor, HAP-E)." }, { "dep": 1680, "locus": "§3.2, the correction", "quote": "*Correction:* CoAuthor, AI Brown and HAP-E are comparators for the dataset export (F11), and their properties in the composition come from their own documentation, which the composition does not discount as self-description." }, { "dep": 941, "locus": "§1 The core distinction: mediated vs generated", "quote": "The categorical binary the extraction economy operates — AI-generated vs human-authored — collapses at least two distinct production questions:" }, { "dep": 940, "locus": "§6 Operational boundary, list items 7 and 10", "quote": "Machine assistance, where the AI's contribution is not organized as a named witness role with declared provenance" } ] }, "E_F": { "type": "C (public entity: a research dataset of human-AI collaborative writing sessions)", "definition": "CoAuthor, a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of interactions between 63 writers (crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk) and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions in English, recorded at the keystroke level for replay, presented in the CHI 2022 paper of Mina Lee, Percy Liang and Qian Yang (arXiv:2201.06796), with a site at coauthor.stanford.edu and interface code on GitHub", "claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F42", "F43", "F44", "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53" ] }, "E_A": { "definition": "the same dataset, in the authorship census record and the archive's deposits: a released, schema-defined body of records among research datasets on human-AI writing (#1680), an empirical comparator for the census's question of how authorship is made, distributed and attributed, read as process evidence of distributed contribution held at the session level, its writers counted and unnamed (census record); its measure of text by origin read in the archive's terms of mediation and generation, of 'human-written' as naming the author, and of authorship as accountability (#941, #856, #729, #940)", "claims": [ "LS-01", "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-04", "LS-05", "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-08", "LS-09", "LS-10", "LS-11", "LS-12", "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-15", "LS-16", "LS-17", "LS-18", "LS-19", "LS-20", "LS-21", "LS-22", "LS-23", "LS-24", "LS-25", "LS-26", "LS-27", "LS-28", "LS-29", "LS-30", "LS-31", "LS-32", "LS-33", "LS-34", "LS-35", "LS-36", "LS-37", "LS-38", "LS-39", "LS-40", "LS-41", "LS-42", "LS-43", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12", "CAP-1-13", "D1680-01", "D1680-02", "D1680-03", "D1680-04", "D1680-05", "O940-01", "O940-02", "O940-03", "O940-04", "O1722-01", "O941-01", "O941-02", "O856-01", "O729-01", "O745-01", "O666-01", "O161-01", "O855-01", "O1577-01", "O939-01", "O1540-01", "O1719-01" ], "defining_papers": [ 1680, 940, 1722, 941, 856, 729, 666, 745, 939, 1540, 161, 1577, 855, 1719 ], "defining_records": [ "leesharks.com apparatus authorship census record: CoAuthor (2026-11-01)", "Capture Registry entry coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101 (OBS-d52213cbd4ee)" ] }, "rho": { "value": "extends", "status": "read from the census record, the capture record and the deposits that bear on the entity and its classes; a working reading, unfrozen", "statement": "The archive reads CoAuthor as its own pages and paper present it, and adds: its kind and its relation to the archive's export (#1680), the census's reading of whose authorship it keeps and under what name, and the archive's terms for the share of text it measures and for machine participation. Each is an addition on the field's object.", "claims": [ "LS-01", "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-04", "LS-05", "LS-06", "LS-07", "LS-08", "LS-09", "LS-10", "LS-11", "LS-12", "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-15", "LS-16", "LS-17", "LS-18", "LS-19", "LS-20", "LS-21", "LS-22", "LS-23", "LS-24", "LS-25", "LS-26", "LS-27", "LS-28", "LS-29", "LS-30", "LS-31", "LS-32", "LS-33", "LS-34", "LS-35", "LS-36", "LS-37", "LS-38", "LS-39", "LS-40", "LS-41", "LS-42", "LS-43", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12", "CAP-1-13", "D1680-01", "D1680-02", "D1680-03", "D1680-04", "D1680-05", "O940-01", "O940-02", "O940-03", "O940-04", "O1722-01", "O941-01", "O941-02", "O856-01", "O729-01", "O745-01", "O666-01", "O161-01", "O855-01", "O1577-01", "O939-01", "O1540-01", "O1719-01" ], "guard": "ρ = extends claims an addition and no more (§1.2a). It does not make the field's sources wrong at their dates; where an archive claim stands beside a field claim (O941-01 and O856-01 beside F11), both are composed under P_coh within the one ontology.", "considered": [ { "value": "constructs", "why_not": "the archive does not read the dataset as made by reception; its deposits take its properties from its own documentation (#1680 §3.2)." }, { "value": "revises", "why_not": "CoAuthor is not the archive's own entity." }, { "value": "witness case", "why_not": "the field holds the ontology the archive works in (a dataset, a share of text by origin); the archive supplies no ontology the field lacks." } ] }, "translation": [ { "lineage": "what it is: a human-AI collaborative writing dataset of 1445 sessions", "field_claims": [ "F1", "F20", "F21", "F27" ], "received": "F1 (B1, home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶1): \"CoAuthor is a human-AI collaborative writing dataset that captures rich interaction between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions in English.\" | F20 (B2, abstract s4): \"we present CoAuthor, a dataset designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in assisting creative and argumentative writing.\" | F21 (B2, abstract s5): \"CoAuthor captures rich interactions between 63 writers and four instances of GPT-3 across 1445 writing sessions.\" | F27 (B2, card 2 snippet): \"Dataset: CoAuthor (designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in creative and argumentative writing). Participants: 63 writers and 4 instances of GPT-3. Sessio...\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-01, LS-07, LS-10, LS-12, LS-20, LS-21", "archive_claims": [ "LS-01", "LS-07", "LS-10", "LS-12", "LS-20", "LS-21" ] }, { "lineage": "the session: prompt, writing, suggestions, editing", "field_claims": [ "F2", "F3" ], "received": "F2 (B1, home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶2 s1): \"At each session, we provided writers with a prompt (black text) and an instance of GPT-3.\" | F3 (B1, home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶2 s2): \"They then wrote freely (brown), asked GPT-3 for suggestions (blue), accepted the suggestions or dismissed them, and edited the accepted suggestions or previous texts in any order they chose.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-11, LS-17", "archive_claims": [ "LS-11", "LS-17" ] }, { "lineage": "keystroke-level logging and replay", "field_claims": [ "F4", "F34", "F46" ], "received": "F4 (B1, home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶2 s3): \"All interactions between the writers and the system were recorded at the keystroke level (e.g. inserting text, moving the cursor, and receiving suggestions) with timestamps, so that we could replay them precisely.\" | F34 (B5, overview: Process-Oriented Data Collection): \"Process-Oriented Data Collection: Rather than simply collecting final outputs, CoAuthor records every interaction as timestamped events, including text insertions, deletions, cursor movements, and AI suggestion requests.\" | F46 (B5, card 5 snippet): \"Process-Oriented Data Collection: Rather than simply collecting final outputs, CoAuthor records every interaction as timestamped events, including text insertio...\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-22", "archive_claims": [ "LS-22" ] }, { "lineage": "purpose: the capabilities of language models, read from interaction", "field_claims": [ "F5", "F29" ], "received": "F5 (B1, home page, 'What is CoAuthor?' ¶2 s4): \"Using this rich, nuanced, and fine-grained interaction dataset, designers can examine the same sessions from multiple analytical perspectives to better understand the generative capabilities of large language models.\" | F29 (B3, card 3 snippet (page unreachable: HTTP 403, a bot check)): \"CoAuthor Dataset: Human-AI collaborative writing interactions (63 writers, 4 GPT-3 instances, 1445 writing sessions). Purpose: Reveal GPT-3 capabilities in crea...\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "composition: genres, prompts and counts", "field_claims": [ "F6", "F7", "F15", "F33" ], "received": "F6 (B1, home page, Overview: types of writing): \"Creative writing: 830 stories written by 58 writers … Argumentative writing: 615 essays written by 49 writers\" | F7 (B1, home page, Overview: prompts): \"Writing prompts - WritingPrompts subreddit & The New York Times\" | F15 (B1, card 1 snippet): \"Types of writing - Creative & Argumentative Creative writing: 830 stories written by 58 writers Argumentative writing: 615 essays written by 49 writers Writing ...\" | F33 (B5, overview, 'The CoAuthor Dataset and Methodology': Diverse Contexts): \"Diverse Contexts: The study included both creative writing (storytelling) and argumentative writing (evidence-based reasoning) tasks, using 20 different prompts sourced from Reddit's r/WritingPrompts and The New York Times.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-19", "archive_claims": [ "LS-19" ] }, { "lineage": "the writers: crowd workers, held under identifiers", "field_claims": [ "F8", "F36", "F47", "F48", "F49" ], "received": "F8 (B1, home page, Overview: writers): \"Writers - Qualified crowd workers from Amazon Mechanical Turk\" | F36 (B5, overview: data collection): \"The data collection involved 63 qualified crowd workers who completed 1,445 writing sessions using a custom web-based text editor. Writers could request up to five AI suggestions at any point by pressing the tab key, then choose to accept or dismiss each suggestion.\" | F47 (B6, browse page, table header): \"Type Prompt Randomness Human Session ID Replay\" | F48 (B6, browse page, first row): \"Creative mana High A1198 8911f\" | F49 (B6, browse page, last row): \"Argumentative extremesports Low b38b5 b38b5\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-13, LS-14, LS-27, LS-36, O1719-01", "archive_claims": [ "LS-13", "LS-14", "LS-27", "LS-36", "O1719-01" ] }, { "lineage": "the interface and its code", "field_claims": [ "F9", "F30" ], "received": "F9 (B1, home page, Overview: interface): \"Interface - Text editor where writers can press the tab key to get five suggestions\" | F30 (B4, card 4 title and snippet (page unreachable from this session: HTTP 403 from the egress proxy)): \"GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface … This repository contains the code for the interface of CoAuthor. The interface comes in two parts: (1) the frontend presented to the users for writing with AI a...\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "statistics of the sessions", "field_claims": [ "F10" ], "received": "F10 (B1, home page, Basic statistics): \"Stories and essays: 418 words long … Number of queries: 11.8 queries per writing session … Acceptance rate of suggestions: 72.3%\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "the share of text written by humans", "field_claims": [ "F11" ], "received": "F11 (B1, home page, Basic statistics (last line)): \"Percentage of text written by humans: 72.6%\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "access: site, downloads, tutorials, paper", "field_claims": [ "F12", "F24" ], "received": "F12 (B1, home page, Getting Started): \"Download the dataset, metadata, and survey responses: … Download writing sessions … View metadata and survey responses (Google Sheets)\" | F24 (B2, abstract s8): \"The dataset and an interface for replaying the writing sessions are publicly available at this https URL .\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-04, LS-15, LS-29, LS-31, LS-32", "archive_claims": [ "LS-04", "LS-15", "LS-29", "LS-31", "LS-32" ] }, { "lineage": "identifying the authors of sentences", "field_claims": [ "F13" ], "received": "F13 (B1, home page, Tutorial): \"Getting started with CoAuthor (Google Colab) … Identifying authors of sentences (Google Colab)\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "makers and venue", "field_claims": [ "F14", "F17", "F25", "F28", "F31" ], "received": "F14 (B1, home page, links and foot): \"CoAuthor paper (Lee et al., 2022) … [New] Code for interface … Ask us questions to Mina!\" | F17 (B2, arXiv abstract page, authors): \"Authors: Mina Lee , Percy Liang , Qian Yang\" | F25 (B2, arXiv comments): \"Published as a conference paper at CHI 2022\" | F28 (B3, card 3 title (page unreachable: HTTP 403, a bot check)): \"CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities | Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems\" | F31 (B5, alphaXiv page head: affiliations and authors): \"Stanford UniversityCornell University … Mina LeePercy LiangQian Yang\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-05, LS-23, D1680-05", "archive_claims": [ "LS-05", "LS-23", "D1680-05" ] }, { "lineage": "names and the paper", "field_claims": [ "F16", "F26" ], "received": "F16 (B2, arXiv abstract page, title): \"Title: CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities\" | F26 (B2, arXiv submission line and related DOI): \"[Submitted on 18 Jan 2022 ( v1 ), last revised 25 Jan 2022 (this version, v2)] … https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502030\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-02, LS-03, LS-18", "archive_claims": [ "LS-02", "LS-03", "LS-18" ] }, { "lineage": "the problem: capabilities context-dependent and subjectively interpreted", "field_claims": [ "F18", "F19", "F23" ], "received": "F18 (B2, abstract s2): \"However, their highly context-dependent capabilities are difficult to grasp and are often subjectively interpreted.\" | F19 (B2, abstract s3): \"In this paper, we argue that by curating and analyzing large interaction datasets, the HCI community can foster more incisive examinations of LMs' generative capabilities.\" | F23 (B2, abstract s7): \"Finally, we discuss how this work may facilitate a more principled discussion around LMs' promises and pitfalls in relation to interaction design.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-24", "archive_claims": [ "LS-24" ] }, { "lineage": "the model as 'collaborator' under definitions of collaboration", "field_claims": [ "F22" ], "received": "F22 (B2, abstract s6): \"We demonstrate that CoAuthor can address questions about GPT-3's language, ideation, and collaboration capabilities, and reveal its contribution as a writing \"collaborator\" under various definitions of good collaboration.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside LS-16, LS-38", "archive_claims": [ "LS-16", "LS-38" ] }, { "lineage": "reception: a paper page and its generated overview", "field_claims": [ "F32", "F45" ], "received": "F32 (B5, alphaXiv page head, the overview's label): \"AI Overview … Our new overview generator adds more detail and page citations\" | F45 (B5, page foot: counts): \"226 views812 citations\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "the model instances: davinci at two randomness settings", "field_claims": [ "F35" ], "received": "F35 (B5, overview: Systematic Variation): \"Systematic Variation: The researchers used GPT-3's davinci engine with two different randomness settings - high randomness (temperature=0.75, frequency penalty=1) and low randomness (temperature=0.3, frequency penalty=0) - to understand how model behavior affects collaboration.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "findings: language, ideation, collaboration", "field_claims": [ "F37", "F38", "F39", "F43" ], "received": "F37 (B5, overview: Language Quality and Diversity): \"Sentences generated by GPT-3 and accepted by human writers contained fewer spelling and grammatical errors (0.033 errors per word) compared to human-only text (0.037 errors per word). Notably, text segments created jointly by humans and AI showed the lowest error rates (0.032 errors per word)\" | F38 (B5, overview: Ideation and Creative Influence): \"The analysis showed that 13% of accepted suggestions in creative writing and 7% in argumentative writing contained new named entities (characters, locations, concepts) not present in the preceding text. … Crucially, writers subsequently reused 20% of AI-introduced named entities in creative writing and 14% in argumentative writing.\" | F39 (B5, overview: Collaboration Patterns): \"The research revealed that collaboration patterns vary significantly across individual writers but remain relatively consistent across different writing prompts.\" | F43 (B5, overview: Productivity Enhancement): \"Productivity Enhancement: The research found strong correlations between final text length and both the number of AI queries (r=0.42) and accepted suggestions (r=0.48).\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "collaboration measured: equality and mutuality, from ESL pair work", "field_claims": [ "F40", "F41" ], "received": "F40 (B5, overview: the two metrics): \"Equality: The evenness of turn-taking between human and AI … Mutuality: The level of human interaction with AI suggestions\" | F41 (B5, overview, references: Storch 2002): \"The main paper directly adapts the theoretical concepts of 'equality' and 'mutuality' from this work to create novel metrics for analyzing the collaborative dynamics between writers and GPT-3. … Neomy Storch. 2002. Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "ownership: the writer's share and the writer's sense of the text", "field_claims": [ "F42" ], "received": "F42 (B5, overview: Ownership and Satisfaction): \"Ownership and Satisfaction: Writers reported stronger feelings of ownership when they authored a larger proportion of the final text (r=0.3). Interestingly, the amount of editing performed showed no meaningful correlation with ownership, suggesting that text origin matters more than editorial effort in human-AI collaboration.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "uses: hypotheses, training, design", "field_claims": [ "F44" ], "received": "F44 (B5, overview: Model Training): \"Model Training: The dataset provides supervision signals for training language models specifically for interactive, collaborative settings\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "reception: the encyclopedia", "field_claims": [ "F50", "F51" ], "received": "F50 (B7, Wikipedia: titles CoAuthor and CoAuthor (dataset); article-space searches): \"HTTP 404 (Wikimedia Error page; saved as B7.wiki … HTTP 404 (Wikimedia Error page; saved as B7-dataset.wiki … Wikipedia does not have an article on the dataset under 'CoAuthor' or 'CoAuthor (dataset)', and the searches found no article that names it.\" | F51 (B7, Wikipedia: title Coauthor (raw wikitext)): \"#REDIRECT [[Collaborative writing]]\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "the homonym: collaborative writing between persons", "field_claims": [ "F52", "F53" ], "received": "F52 (B7, Collaborative writing, lead (wikitext line 2)): \"'''Collaborative writing''' is a procedure in which two or more persons work together on a [[Writing|text]] of some kind (e.g., academic papers, reports, creative writing, projects, and business proposals).\" | F53 (B7, Collaborative writing, section Authorship (wikitext line 77)): \"But, when more than one person creates the work in collaboration with one another, then a case of [[joint authorship]] can be made provided some criteria are met.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received", "archive_claims": [] } ], "receiving_texts": "equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with; no receiving text is needed." }, "measure": { "rule": "v0.10 §4.10: KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as apply_v09.py does: difflib.SequenceMatcher ratio, the best KO sentence for each KO_B sentence)", "v0.10": { "surviving": 0, "of": 14, "positions": [ null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null ] }, "opening_run": { "rule": "v0.10 §5.10 (equal-terms case): the field-only KO's sentences as the KO's opening run in their own order", "breach": false }, "blocks": { "rule": "v0.10 §4.1 (equal-terms case): the KO does not open with the field as a block or close with the archive as one; sentences typed by the ledgers of the claims they cite (F field-only, A archive-only, M both)", "sequence": "MMMMFFMFFFFAAFFAAAAMFFMFAAAAAAMMFFMAA", "field_only_head": 0, "archive_only_tail": 2, "breach": false }, "max_similarity": [ 0.604, 0.368, 0.404, 0.269, 0.389, 0.557, 0.619, 0.598, 0.568, 0.194, 0.242, 0.421, 0.709, 0.367 ], "ko_sentence_1_max_similarity_to_KO_B": 0.604, "v0.9": { "surviving": 0, "of": 14, "positions": [ null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null ] } }, "homonyms": { "names": [ "Coauthor (the common noun: a co-author; collaborative writing)" ], "basis": "Wikipedia: the title 'Coauthor' redirects to Collaborative writing (B7, F51), the practice of two or more persons writing together (F52), with joint authorship in law (F53); the dataset's name is the noun capitalized as a title. T composes the dataset (the registry's PER-dim reading: reached 'same'); no card is a homonym. The census row carries no disambiguation field.", "distinct_entities": [ "collaborative writing, the practice between persons, and joint authorship (Wikipedia, Collaborative writing; B7 F52, F53)", "the CHI 2022 paper that presents the dataset (B2, B3; DOI 10.1145/3491102.3502030), a work about the dataset", "the CoAuthor interface and its code (minalee-research/coauthor-interface; B4)", "alphaXiv's page and its overview of the paper (B5)", "GPT-3 and its davinci engine, the model the sessions used (B1, B5)", "Amazon Mechanical Turk, the platform the writers were recruited from (B1; #1719)", "HAP-E, AI Brown and AI Koditex, datasets the archive sets beside CoAuthor as comparators (#1680)", "Neomy Storch, 'Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work' (2002), the source of the paper's metrics (B5)" ], "substitutes": { "T": [] }, "register": { "address_1": { "slug": "coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101", "obs_id": "OBS-d52213cbd4ee" } } }, "notes": [ "One address, Google AI Overview (expanded), signed out, incognito, 2026-11-01: coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101 (OBS-d52213cbd4ee, ADDR-ca145bdd5b06, AXN:0B7E.CAPTURE.🟣🔅🌻🕚⚖️🔆), five cards, 257 words in the answer body with its closer. A NEW address (CAP-1-08); the census record was compiled the same night and no card cites it.", "Fetching, agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)': B1, the dataset's site, failed TLS verification exactly as the census recorded (curl 60, unable to get local issuer certificate). openssl showed the server sends its leaf certificate without the InCommon intermediate. The intermediate was fetched from the address the leaf certificate names (Authority Information Access) and added to the verifying bundle; the chain then verified to its root and the site answered HTTP 200. This completes the chain as a browser does; nothing refused the request. B6, the browse page, was read the same way.", "Refusals, recorded and not retried by any other route (BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AUTHORSHIP §3): B3, dl.acm.org, HTTP 403, a bot check ('Just a moment...'); B4, github.com, HTTP 403 from this session's egress proxy, which does not admit the repository: GitHub itself was not reached. Their titles and snippets stand as their only text (F28, F29, F30).", "B2, arXiv, fetched again: byte-identical to the census's saved copy (sha256 540bc42e…); B2.txt is the census's extracted text. The census's home-page record (coauthor--home) holds no text (http 000, sha256 of the empty string).", "Card URLs from the transcript's own links and the cards' titles and sites: B1 coauthor.stanford.edu (the census url), B2 arxiv.org/abs/2201.06796, B3 the DOI the arXiv page gives (10.1145/3491102.3502030) on dl.acm.org, B4 the repository named in the card title, B5 alphaxiv.org/abs/2201.06796.", "The browse page (B6) is the dataset's own page, linked from B1 and admitted to B_R as an own page; neither T nor the census surfaced it. Its table has 1445 rows (830 Creative, 615 Argumentative; 706 High, 739 Low randomness, counted by script over B6.html); its Human column holds 62 distinct values, one (b38b5, the last row) equal to that row's session ID. The count is the composer's, over the saved file, and is carried in the open block only.", "Card 2's snippet ('Dataset: CoAuthor (designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in creative and argumentative writing). Participants: 63 writers and 4 instances of GPT-3. Sessio...') does not occur in the arXiv page's saved text: the rail shows a restated abstract for the page. Card 3's snippet has the same form and cannot be checked (B3 refused).", "alphaXiv's account of the paper (B5) is headed 'AI Overview' beside an 'overview generator'; its claims about the paper are coded attributed (it reports the paper's findings) and composed as reported. The page does not say which model wrote the overview.", "The archive's one deposit naming CoAuthor is #1680 (active), with #1678 its superseded instance: one lineage (§3.6, S4). #941's §1 and §7 are carried unchanged by #942 ('§1–§7. Unchanged from v0.1'); the locus is read in #941, where the text stands. The anchors #940 and #1722 are read at the passages on attribution, machine participation and collaborative authorship (BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AUTHORSHIP §6).", "v0.10 §4.5: the KO names a source in a sentence only where who holds the claim is part of what is said: the census's readings, the alphaXiv overview's reports, the archive's terms, the contest between #161 and #1577, and the Capture Registry's findings." ], "field_by_origin": { "cards": [ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5" ], "own_pages": [ "B6" ], "wikipedia": [ "B7" ], "census_third_party": [], "unreachable": [ "B3", "B4" ], "title_only": [], "snippet_only": [ "B3", "B4" ], "pools": { "B_D": [ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5" ], "B_R": [ "B6", "B7" ], "note": "v0.10 §3.1(a): B_D, the disclosed pool, every card on T's rail (the body names no source beyond its cards); B_R, the reference pool, the dataset's browse page (own page) and the Wikipedia record. The census's two sources are both cards (coauthor--home = B1, coauthor--arxiv = B2) and are carried once, in B_D. No census_third_party source: the census read only the arXiv page." }, "wikipedia_state": "no article: 'CoAuthor' and 'CoAuthor (dataset)' raw wikitext HTTP 404; article-space searches found no article naming the dataset (two with totalhits 0, one empty then totalhits 0, one empty then HTTP 429, not retried further); the title 'Coauthor', the common noun, redirects to Collaborative writing, whose lead and Authorship section are ledgered as the homonym's (F52, F53)", "sources": [ { "id": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 1; the census's own page coauthor--home (unread by the census)", "card": "Stanford University — CoAuthor – Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset", "url": "https://coauthor.stanford.edu/", "kind": "Overview card (the dataset's own home page); the census's own page coauthor--home, which the census could not read", "files": { "B1.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B1.html", "sha256": "4399bed2d9244452091ad31175a0e56184afb3efceb8e5a9a3331ef795f3e750" }, "B1.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B1.txt", "sha256": "0d08637b373ed3e9145fb3017d5d8683aa520360b71fa0ce627d24075266ed59" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-01T06:15:10Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://coauthor.stanford.edu/", "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B1.html", "raw_sha256": "4399bed2d9244452091ad31175a0e56184afb3efceb8e5a9a3331ef795f3e750", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B1.txt" ], "tries": [ "2026-11-01T06:14:23Z: curl with the agent string, TLS verification failed (curl 60, unable to get local issuer certificate), http 000, as the census recorded at 05:06:30Z", "2026-11-01T06:14:44Z: the same with the session CA bundle, the same failure; openssl showed the server presents its leaf certificate without the InCommon intermediate (issuer InCommon Intermediate CA - DVG2C)", "2026-11-01T06:15:10Z: the intermediate fetched from the address the certificate itself names (Authority Information Access, repository.emsign.com/certs/EEEMIncommonDVG2C.crt) and added to the verifying bundle, the chain verified to emSign Root TLS CA - G1: HTTP 200, 8321 bytes. The site served the page; the failure was an incomplete chain on the server, which browsers complete the same way, and no refusal was routed around." ], "census_copy": { "src": "coauthor--home", "http": "000", "fetched": "2026-11-01T05:06:30Z", "sha256": "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855", "bytes": 0, "agrees": "the census holds no text: its fetch failed with the TLS error (http 000, 0 bytes, the sha256 of the empty string)" } }, "names_operator": "partly: its foot directs questions to 'Mina' and its links name 'Lee et al., 2022'; its HTML metadata names 'Mina Lee' as author", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, leesharks, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text or the card text)", "surfaced_by_T": true, "card_title": "CoAuthor – Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset", "card_snippet": "Types of writing - Creative & Argumentative Creative writing: 830 stories written by 58 writers Argumentative writing: 615 essays written by 49 writers Writing ...", "card_site": "Stanford University" }, { "id": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 2; the census's one read source coauthor--arxiv", "card": "arXiv — [2201.06796] CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.06796", "kind": "Overview card (the paper's arXiv abstract page); the census's source coauthor--arxiv", "files": { "B2.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B2.html", "sha256": "540bc42e51f2e67f2262d3f3b62afb10efdefd24f7b72925ea916ed4b26e3ff5" }, "B2.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B2.txt", "sha256": "8fb965d65bbf036b62cf4e632a0a24a6931d5d2a2e431c2a6c155697f10e4932" }, "B2-census.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B2-census.html", "sha256": "540bc42e51f2e67f2262d3f3b62afb10efdefd24f7b72925ea916ed4b26e3ff5" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-01T06:15:20Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.06796", "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B2.html", "raw_sha256": "540bc42e51f2e67f2262d3f3b62afb10efdefd24f7b72925ea916ed4b26e3ff5", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B2.txt" ], "census_copy": { "src": "coauthor--arxiv", "sha256": "540bc42e51f2e67f2262d3f3b62afb10efdefd24f7b72925ea916ed4b26e3ff5", "read": "2026-11-01", "fetched": "2026-11-01T05:07:05Z", "http": "200", "copied_as": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B2-census.html", "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B2.txt" ], "agrees": "byte-identical: this session's fetch and the census copy have the same sha256; B2.txt is the census's extracted text" } }, "names_operator": "yes: the three authors (F17)", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, leesharks, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text or the card text)", "surfaced_by_T": true, "card_title": "[2201.06796] CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities", "card_snippet": "Dataset: CoAuthor (designed for revealing GPT-3's capabilities in creative and argumentative writing). Participants: 63 writers and 4 instances of GPT-3. Sessio...", "card_site": "arXiv" }, { "id": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 3", "card": "ACM Digital Library — CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities | Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "url": "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3502030", "kind": "Overview card (the paper's ACM Digital Library page); unreachable (HTTP 403, a bot check)", "files": { "B3-403.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B3-403.html", "sha256": "ef655ac9eabcebde6fcdb6fe81008112129cf734991a4bf0b9f3c365807fd9e2" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-01T06:15:20Z", "http": 403, "url": "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3502030", "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B3-403.html", "raw_sha256": "ef655ac9eabcebde6fcdb6fe81008112129cf734991a4bf0b9f3c365807fd9e2", "text": [], "unreachable": "HTTP 403, a bot check ('Just a moment...', the challenge page saved as B3-403.html); not retried with another agent string or by any other route. The card's title and snippet stand as its only text. The DOI is the arXiv page's related DOI and the alphaXiv BibTeX's.", "tries": [ "2026-11-01T06:14:24Z: HTTP 403, 5578 bytes", "2026-11-01T06:15:20Z: HTTP 403, 5578 bytes (saved)" ] }, "names_operator": "no in its card title and snippet", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, leesharks, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text or the card text)", "surfaced_by_T": true, "card_title": "CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities | Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems", "card_snippet": "CoAuthor Dataset: Human-AI collaborative writing interactions (63 writers, 4 GPT-3 instances, 1445 writing sessions). Purpose: Reveal GPT-3 capabilities in crea...", "card_site": "ACM Digital Library" }, { "id": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 4", "card": "GitHub — GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface", "url": "https://github.com/minalee-research/coauthor-interface", "kind": "Overview card (the interface's code repository); unreachable from this session (HTTP 403 from the session's egress proxy)", "files": { "B4-proxy403.json": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B4-proxy403.json", "sha256": "b3e03aaaff81d68730d67392a135ac3fdfdf022880c66632ab188d2fe084cda3" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-01T06:15:20Z", "http": 403, "url": "https://github.com/minalee-research/coauthor-interface", "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B4-proxy403.json", "raw_sha256": "b3e03aaaff81d68730d67392a135ac3fdfdf022880c66632ab188d2fe084cda3", "text": [], "unreachable": "HTTP 403 from this session's egress proxy, which does not admit this repository (its JSON message saved as B4-proxy403.json); GitHub itself was not reached. Not retried by another route. The card's title and snippet stand as its only text.", "tries": [ "2026-11-01T06:14:25Z: HTTP 403, 378 bytes", "2026-11-01T06:15:20Z: HTTP 403, 378 bytes (saved)" ] }, "names_operator": "the repository's owner is 'minalee-research' in its title", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, leesharks, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text or the card text)", "surfaced_by_T": true, "card_title": "GitHub - minalee-research/coauthor-interface", "card_snippet": "This repository contains the code for the interface of CoAuthor. The interface comes in two parts: (1) the frontend presented to the users for writing with AI a...", "card_site": "GitHub" }, { "id": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 5", "card": "alphaXiv — CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset ... - alphaXiv", "url": "https://www.alphaxiv.org/abs/2201.06796", "kind": "Overview card (a third-party paper page, with an overview of the paper the page heads 'AI Overview')", "files": { "B5.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B5.html", "sha256": "d6c9c291b6d7865567980f89e0900a6f24d237793e70be78fce2f72d6cde477a" }, "B5.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B5.txt", "sha256": "3a528bbab0face5aa2a3bdea8d34f4605022b99427721cebbea1feecfb698b6a" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-01T06:15:20Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://www.alphaxiv.org/abs/2201.06796", "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B5.html", "raw_sha256": "d6c9c291b6d7865567980f89e0900a6f24d237793e70be78fce2f72d6cde477a", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B5.txt" ] }, "names_operator": "yes: the three authors and their affiliations (F31)", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, leesharks, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text or the card text)", "surfaced_by_T": true, "card_title": "CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset ... - alphaXiv", "card_snippet": "Process-Oriented Data Collection: Rather than simply collecting final outputs, CoAuthor records every interaction as timestamped events, including text insertio...", "card_site": "alphaXiv" }, { "id": "B6", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "role": "the dataset's own browse page, linked from B1; not surfaced by T and not cited by the census", "card": "CoAuthor — Browse CoAuthor (coauthor.stanford.edu/browse/)", "url": "https://coauthor.stanford.edu/browse/", "kind": "the dataset's own page: a table of its writing sessions with replay links", "files": { "B6.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B6.html", "sha256": "1f1edc8b976448d973923f9b34bf55830e6f3538ae244b6ed8355d4899a18243" }, "B6.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B6.txt", "sha256": "4bd0ea289e1eea7f5b4862315a997b8ed60cdbcaec69e7e9e06af7396a6a817b" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-01T06:15:40Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://coauthor.stanford.edu/browse/", "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B6.html", "raw_sha256": "1f1edc8b976448d973923f9b34bf55830e6f3538ae244b6ed8355d4899a18243", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B6.txt" ], "note": "the same chain completion as B1" }, "names_operator": "no", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, leesharks, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text or the card text)", "surfaced_by_T": false }, { "id": "B7", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "role": "Wikipedia: no article on the dataset; the common noun 'Coauthor' redirects to Collaborative writing", "card": "Wikipedia — CoAuthor (no article; 'Coauthor' redirects to Collaborative writing)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoAuthor", "kind": "Wikipedia record: the HTTP responses, the redirect of the common noun and the article it reaches", "files": { "B7.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B7.txt", "sha256": "83d3a44779d480100cd725d7582e0b556c750fd360b34da95977767ecef9e768" }, "B7.wiki": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B7.wiki", "sha256": "fa40caeaff8fc0d8e95b279dcccc60427638e6dde759da63dcc72442650a9f62" }, "B7-dataset.wiki": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B7-dataset.wiki", "sha256": "aaae19421ab80e981e382c1954b72f0364d9a8891890663bfa3e1078ece42843" }, "B7-redirect.wiki": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B7-redirect.wiki", "sha256": "33329ac7e00f45da89e088e9610e069cfdaba11a0fc364f6587b16c7389fd689" }, "B7-collab.wiki": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B7-collab.wiki", "sha256": "15bb084d97b25599b4b3d965c98886aeaa8e202dde8f2d2a9db5d8019028d56f" }, "B7-search.json": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B7-search.json", "sha256": "688d401ed6447a04b61b8b5aea327e975f2f69ec5596d800d49a0b230236ea4b" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-01T06:16:08Z", "http": 404, "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CoAuthor&action=raw", "agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; leesharks-authorship-census)", "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B7.wiki", "raw_sha256": "fa40caeaff8fc0d8e95b279dcccc60427638e6dde759da63dcc72442650a9f62", "text": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B7.txt" ], "also": [ "CoAuthor_(dataset) raw: 404 (B7-dataset.wiki)", "Coauthor raw: 200, #REDIRECT [[Collaborative writing]] (B7-redirect.wiki)", "Collaborative_writing raw: 200 (B7-collab.wiki)", "searches: see B7.txt (two with totalhits 0, one 429 after one retry, one empty then totalhits 0)" ] }, "names_operator": "no", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, leesharks, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text or the card text; B7.txt carries the fetch agent string only, in its header)", "surfaced_by_T": false } ] }, "derivatives": { "kernel": { "status": "composer-written", "derived_from": "the current composition, written by its composer under the brief", "note": "§8.2 derives the kernel mechanically from the frozen plan; this one was written by the composer, mechanical derivation pending." }, "delta": { "status": "current", "derived_from": "the current composition" } }, "composition": { "source": "this row (composed directly under rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AUTHORSHIP.md)", "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-01", "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "defining_material_read": [ { "what": "the specification v0.10", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B79-text.md (#1726)", "read": "§0–§11 whole (§0.3, §3.1(a), §4.5, §4.12, §4.13, §8.2, §11 closely)" }, { "what": "the briefs", "file": "rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AUTHORSHIP.md; v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LABOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LEFT.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "exemplar row", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/unionstats.json with its ledgers, config and reading", "read": "structure and shapes" }, { "what": "authorship census record, row", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/leesharks.com/data/authorship-census/census.json (rows[slug == 'coauthor'], organizing_question, anchor, areas, admission_rule, schema_note, unread_sources); rows/coauthor.py; sources/manifest.json", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the capture", "file": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json entries[slug == 'coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101']", "read": "whole (transcript, transcript_raw, cite_list, findings, reading, analysis, per_dim, notes)" }, { "what": "the field", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B1–B7", "read": "whole (B5 and B6 whole as text; B7 the redirect and the Collaborative writing article at lead and Authorship)" }, { "what": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01", "file": "data/texts/AXN-03B8-text.md", "read": "§0–§8" }, { "what": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B2A-text.md", "read": "opening, Parts One, Two, Three §6–7, Seven, Eight" }, { "what": "#1680 The Living Academy", "file": "data/texts/AXN-06F6-text.md", "read": "every paragraph naming CoAuthor, with §1, §3.2, §6, §14" }, { "what": "class deposits", "file": "#941, #942, #856, #729, #745, #666, #161, #855, #1577, #939, #1540, #1719", "read": "at the candidate paragraphs and their sections" } ], "cuts": [], "notes": "equal case; KO 37 sentences under 25 subheadings, all 53 field and 78 archive claims cited; P body 329 words; KO_B 14 sentences, surviving 0; composed under v0.10 §4.5 (attribution beneath) and §4.12 (no quota).", "composer_note": "The composer is a Claude model; CoAuthor records the work of a language model (GPT-3) in writing sessions. Nothing in the row turns on the composer's kind." }, "composition_v09": { "source": "this row (composed directly under rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AUTHORSHIP.md)", "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-01", "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "defining_material_read": [ { "what": "the specification v0.10", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B79-text.md (#1726)", "read": "§0–§11 whole (§0.3, §3.1(a), §4.5, §4.12, §4.13, §8.2, §11 closely)" }, { "what": "the briefs", "file": "rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AUTHORSHIP.md; v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LABOR.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LEFT.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "exemplar row", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/unionstats.json with its ledgers, config and reading", "read": "structure and shapes" }, { "what": "authorship census record, row", "file": "/home/claude/fleet/leesharks.com/data/authorship-census/census.json (rows[slug == 'coauthor'], organizing_question, anchor, areas, admission_rule, schema_note, unread_sources); rows/coauthor.py; sources/manifest.json", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the capture", "file": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json entries[slug == 'coauthor-dataset-aio-20261101']", "read": "whole (transcript, transcript_raw, cite_list, findings, reading, analysis, per_dim, notes)" }, { "what": "the field", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/coauthor-20261101/B1–B7", "read": "whole (B5 and B6 whole as text; B7 the redirect and the Collaborative writing article at lead and Authorship)" }, { "what": "#940 EA-HETERONYMY-01", "file": "data/texts/AXN-03B8-text.md", "read": "§0–§8" }, { "what": "#1722 AI Calls You Fake", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B2A-text.md", "read": "opening, Parts One, Two, Three §6–7, Seven, Eight" }, { "what": "#1680 The Living Academy", "file": "data/texts/AXN-06F6-text.md", "read": "every paragraph naming CoAuthor, with §1, §3.2, §6, §14" }, { "what": "class deposits", "file": "#941, #942, #856, #729, #745, #666, #161, #855, #1577, #939, #1540, #1719", "read": "at the candidate paragraphs and their sections" } ], "cuts": [], "notes": "equal case; KO 37 sentences under 25 subheadings, all 53 field and 78 archive claims cited; P body 329 words; KO_B 14 sentences, surviving 0; composed under v0.10 §4.5 (attribution beneath) and §4.12 (no quota).", "composer_note": "The composer is a Claude model; CoAuthor records the work of a language model (GPT-3) in writing sessions. Nothing in the row turns on the composer's kind." } }