{ "row": "3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz", "entity": "3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz", "address": "3i atlas 1667 mhz", "addresses": [ { "address": "3i atlas 1667 mhz", "slug": "3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106", "addr_id": "ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0", "obs_id": "OBS-822a5cb98c2f", "axn": "AXN:0C18.CAPTURE.🔼🌋🟢🌈📜🎯", "role": "T", "address_page": "https://www.alexanarch.org/addresses/3i-atlas-1667-mhz/" }, { "address": "3i atlas hydroxyl", "slug": "3i-atlas-hydroxyl-aio-20261106", "addr_id": "ADDR-c475d444b26b", "obs_id": "OBS-5ee8ab84df2e", "axn": "AXN:0C1A.CAPTURE.🀄👁️⏫🌒♻️🔒", "role": "control (record; not T)", "address_page": "https://www.alexanarch.org/addresses/3i-atlas-hydroxyl/" } ], "epoch": "2026-11-06", "type": "C (public entity on which the archive bears: a radio band at an astronomical object, the hydroxyl main lines at the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, where the archive's notebook holds thirteen comet-frame features; at the band, the comet's OH line composed as its one meaning)", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "status": { "procedure": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726): equal case, ρ = extends, read from the two capture records, the sophistry run and the deposits that bear on the band (#1742, #1743; #1450 by the hop); archive selected by D/R/O (21 D candidates in 2 deposits, 1 R, 10 O, hop of 13 read; 3 deposits admitted), with the Capture Registry's findings, reading, analysis, title, PER note and query kind for T (16 claims) and the control (7 claims) and the sophistry run (1 claim) ledgered as the archive's records of the entity; the field in two pools (B_D: 7 cards, 4 unreachable; B_R: 2 telegrams and 2 Wikipedia articles); the composer read the ledgers, never the transcript, except where the brief asks for T's claims and the delta", "ledger": "unaudited (§3.8: one extractor per ledger); field quotes 67/67 verified by script against saved text, the wikitext or the card text; archive quotes 73/73 verified against the registry, the deposit texts and the sophistry file", "frozen": false, "breaches": [] }, "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "objects": { "T": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/T1-3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106.txt", "sha256": "c65bcb191ac2a0fd06340741fc09a376063de040693e241b0ccdabcb9b47355c", "words": 158, "cards": 7, "words_note": "one transcript at one address (158 words in the answer body, the paste note, the citation links and the card rail excluded; a closing offer of 20 words more; the control address '3i atlas hydroxyl' is a further observation, recorded in addresses and notes, outside T)", "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'The 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz frequencies detected from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS correspond to natural hydroxyl (OH) radical absorption lines.'", "T1-2 discovery: 'South Africa's MeerKAT radio telescope detected these radio signals on October 24, 2025, as the comet neared the Sun.'", "T1-3 meaning: 'Hydroxyl radicals are split-off fragments of water molecules (H₂O) produced when solar radiation causes ice on a comet to sublime and outgas.'", "T1-4 lines: 'These OH radicals naturally absorb radio waves at 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz.'", "T1-5 verdict: 'The presence of these specific spectral absorption lines confirms standard, natural cometary activity rather than alien or technological transmissions, ruling out artificial origin claims.'", "T1-6 public discussion: 'While initial online speculation and discussions on platforms like Reddit debated the sharp nature of the signal and its tracking with the comet's trajectory'", "T1-7 confirmation: 'extensive multi-observatory data (including the Green Bank Telescope and Allen Telescope Array) confirmed it as normal astrophysical OH emission/absorption.'", "T1-8 closing offer: 'Would you like to know more about the observatories tracking 3I/ATLAS or its orbital trajectory through the solar system?'" ], "register": { "register": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json", "slug": "3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106", "obs_id": "OBS-822a5cb98c2f" }, "transcripts": [ { "slug": "3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106", "address": "3i atlas 1667 mhz", "addr_id": "ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0", "obs_id": "OBS-822a5cb98c2f", "axn": "AXN:0C18.CAPTURE.🔼🌋🟢🌈📜🎯", "date": "2026-11-06", "surface": "Google AI Overview (expanded)", "auth": "signed out, incognito", "sha256": "c65bcb191ac2a0fd06340741fc09a376063de040693e241b0ccdabcb9b47355c", "sha256_of": "the registry's 'transcript' string (utf-8)", "sha256_raw": "def7c1dd7b71ff0aaba64413b08dcf9e4680f6ac0fd48ed8d8f259ef212b0106", "words": 158, "cards": 7, "card_rail": [ "1. Harvard University — Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS - ADS", "2. WIRED — The First Radio Signal From Comet 3I/Atlas Ends the Debate About Its Nature | WIRED", "3. Reddit·r/amateurradio — Unexplained Radio Signals and more from 3I/Atlas : r/amateurradio - Reddit", "4. SETI — Breakthrough Listen observations of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS", "5. Facebook·The Lighter Side of Science — What is the meaning of the first radio detection from interstellar object 3I ...", "6. www.antihackingonline.com — A signal of approximately 1.667 GHz from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was ...", "7. Futura, le média qui explore le monde — We Finally Know What the Interstellar Object Crossing the Solar System ..." ], "claims": [ "T1-1 definition: 'The 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz frequencies detected from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS correspond to natural hydroxyl (OH) radical absorption lines.'", "T1-2 discovery: 'South Africa's MeerKAT radio telescope detected these radio signals on October 24, 2025, as the comet neared the Sun.'", "T1-3 meaning: 'Hydroxyl radicals are split-off fragments of water molecules (H₂O) produced when solar radiation causes ice on a comet to sublime and outgas.'", "T1-4 lines: 'These OH radicals naturally absorb radio waves at 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz.'", "T1-5 verdict: 'The presence of these specific spectral absorption lines confirms standard, natural cometary activity rather than alien or technological transmissions, ruling out artificial origin claims.'", "T1-6 public discussion: 'While initial online speculation and discussions on platforms like Reddit debated the sharp nature of the signal and its tracking with the comet's trajectory'", "T1-7 confirmation: 'extensive multi-observatory data (including the Green Bank Telescope and Allen Telescope Array) confirmed it as normal astrophysical OH emission/absorption.'", "T1-8 closing offer: 'Would you like to know more about the observatories tracking 3I/ATLAS or its orbital trajectory through the solar system?'" ], "markers": 0, "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/T1-3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106.txt", "paste": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/paste-1667-mhz-aio.txt", "source": "rebuild/capture-registry/intake-20261106-3i-atlas-four/paste-1667-mhz-aio.txt", "sha256": "def7c1dd7b71ff0aaba64413b08dcf9e4680f6ac0fd48ed8d8f259ef212b0106", "note": "the operator's paste as supplied 2026-11-06 09:30 EST, copied byte for byte; its sha256 equals the registry's transcript_raw" }, "note": "The paste is headed 'AI Mode Conversation', the Overview's expansion (operator rule of 2026-10-18); the header is not a marker. Surface and auth by the operator's defaults of 2026-10-01 and 2026-10-14 as the registry records them. The run's hour is not in the paste; the date is the paste's receipt (2026-11-06 09:30 EST)." } ] }, "KO": { "title": "3I/ATLAS at 1665–1668 MHz", "genre": "knowledge object, equal case, under EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726): the final article form (§4.13), natural sentences under descriptive subheadings (§4.12), attribution beneath (§4.5)", "status": "composed 2026-11-06 under v0.10 on the operator's request of 2026-11-06 09:21 EST ('complementary /non articles linking the pieces and the cited sources ... one for the excesses themselves, at their named band'), against the Wikipedia articles where they exist (ruling of 2026-10-29, confirmed 2026-11-01); not frozen", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "sense": "what the band holds", "text": "At the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, the band from 1665 to 1668 MHz holds the two main lines of the hydroxyl radical's 18 cm transitions, which in the comet's own frame fall within about 11 kHz of 1665.402 and 1667.359 MHz.", "claims": [ "F10", "F38", "F36", "F35", "F61", "D1742-06", "D1743-01" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "sense": "what the band holds", "text": "The comet, catalogued as C/2025 N1 (ATLAS), was discovered on 1 July 2025 by the ATLAS survey, is the third confirmed interstellar object to pass through the Solar System, and reached perihelion on 29 October 2025.", "claims": [ "F64", "F65", "F20", "F44" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 1, "sense": "what the band holds", "text": "The hydroxyl radical is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion; its ground state is split by lambda doubling and again by hyperfine interaction with the proton's spin.", "claims": [ "F59", "F62" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 1, "sense": "what the band holds", "text": "The molecule has been observed in the interstellar medium since 1963 through its 18-cm transitions, first as absorption lines toward Cassiopeia A, and its masers were the first found in space.", "claims": [ "F61", "F60", "F63" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "sense": "what the band holds", "text": "Its lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz appear in absorption or in emission and have been detected in nebulae, comets and star-forming regions.", "claims": [ "F10" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 2, "sense": "what the band holds", "text": "In a comet the radical comes from water: molecules expelled from the nucleus break into hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals that stay in the coma as sunlight breaks the water ice down, and the radicals absorb at the two frequencies.", "claims": [ "F38", "F25", "CAP-1-06" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 3, "sense": "the MeerKAT detection", "text": "MeerKAT observed the comet on 24 October 2025 from 05:17:16 to 08:29:37 UTC with its L-band receivers at a channel width of 1.633 kHz, reaching 1.5 mJy per beam in a 0.3 km/s channel, 3.76 degrees from the Sun and five days before perihelion.", "claims": [ "F2", "F46", "F47", "F11", "F39", "F4", "CAP-1-06" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 3, "sense": "the MeerKAT detection", "text": "OH absorption was found in both the 1665 MHz and the 1667 MHz line, with Gaussian peak fluxes of −8.4 ± 3.1 and −14.2 ± 3.4 mJy at about −15.6 km/s; the same telescope had not found the lines on 20 and 28 September.", "claims": [ "F48", "F7", "F49", "F51", "F11", "F1", "CAP-1-06" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 3, "sense": "the MeerKAT detection", "text": "D. J. Pisano, Oleg Smirnov, Mykola Ivchenko, Lorenz Roth and Sarah Buchner reported the detection in The Astronomer's Telegram #17473 on 4 November 2025, and its ADS record heads the rail at the band.", "claims": [ "F45", "F1" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 4, "sense": "the MeerKAT detection", "text": "The team found the absorption consistent with the OH level population expected from the comet's heliocentric velocity; WIRED's account gives the absorption to the comet's closeness to the Sun and to an observing geometry that favours absorption over emission.", "claims": [ "F50", "F9" ] }, { "n": 11, "para": 4, "sense": "the MeerKAT detection", "text": "Further MeerKAT runs found both lines in absorption again on 5 and 6 November, neither line on 4 November, and the lines in emission on 11 and 12 November, the turn again consistent with the level population set by the heliocentric velocity and the velocities consistent with the comet's.", "claims": [ "F52", "F53", "F56", "F54", "F55" ] }, { "n": 12, "para": 4, "sense": "the MeerKAT detection", "text": "Earlier, Swift had found tentative evidence of water vapour and OH in the ultraviolet on 31 July and 1 August 2025, read as water ice grains sublimating beyond the nucleus.", "claims": [ "F66", "F67" ] }, { "n": 13, "para": 5, "sense": "what the line says of the object", "text": "Breakthrough Listen's page on the object states that there is currently no evidence that it is anything other than a natural astrophysical object, and that the small number of such objects and the plausibility of interstellar probes as a technosignature warrant thorough study, the object meanwhile behaving as expected from natural astrophysical processes and remaining an extremely interesting target.", "claims": [ "F21", "F22", "F30", "F33" ] }, { "n": 14, "para": 5, "sense": "what the line says of the object", "text": "In the archive's reading the OH lines, with the spectroscopy, establish the comet's natural activity, and an absorption line bears on that activity and on nothing a transmitter would or would not do.", "claims": [ "SOPH-01", "CAP-1-07" ] }, { "n": 15, "para": 6, "sense": "what the line says of the object", "text": "WIRED's headline, on an article first published in WIRED en Español, has the first radio signal end the debate about the object's nature; its article calls the detection more evidence for a natural origin, a radio-frequency pattern distinct from a spacecraft's transmission and consistent with typical comet activity.", "claims": [ "F3", "F5", "F6", "F8", "F17" ] }, { "n": 16, "para": 6, "sense": "what the line says of the object", "text": "The same article doubts that the detection will end the conspiracy theories, and says continued monitoring would be needed to learn whether the OH production is constant or intermittent before firmer conclusions about the object's nature.", "claims": [ "F16", "F14" ] }, { "n": 17, "para": 6, "sense": "what the line says of the object", "text": "It quotes Avi Loeb, who had urged radio observatories to watch the object because its arrival direction lay within 9 degrees of that of the 1977 Wow! signal, at 1.4204556 GHz, and who wrote that no radio detection had been reported other than the OH absorption; WIRED calls him among the most vocal advocates of a technological origin.", "claims": [ "F12", "F13", "F15" ] }, { "n": 18, "para": 7, "sense": "what the line says of the object", "text": "Futura's account explains the signal by the water a comet loses as it nears the Sun, says that Loeb and his followers might be tempted to read it as a craft's emission, and concludes under a headline announcing what the object really is that everything points to a natural origin, even if Loeb still refuses to accept it.", "claims": [ "F41", "F40", "F42", "F37" ] }, { "n": 19, "para": 7, "sense": "what the line says of the object", "text": "A post embedded in that account dates the detection to 04:10 UT on 24 October, before the observing window of 05:17:16 to 08:29:37 UTC that the telegram gives.", "claims": [ "F43", "F46" ] }, { "n": 20, "para": 7, "sense": "what the line says of the object", "text": "Shorter accounts on the rail say that the detection confirms ongoing cometary activity such as sublimation and outgassing, that 1.667 GHz is a hydroxyl line, which one of them distinguishes from neutral hydrogen, and, in a December 2025 forum thread on unexplained signals, that some sources read the signal as something other than a spacecraft's transmission.", "claims": [ "F34", "F36", "F35", "F18", "F19" ] }, { "n": 21, "para": 8, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "MeerKAT's BLUSE backend searched the November data for narrowband transmitters toward the object: of 23,689 signals detected on 5 November, none was spatially consistent with its position, and the team judged them likely anthropogenic interference.", "claims": [ "F26", "F57", "F52" ] }, { "n": 22, "para": 8, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "That search set a limit of 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz, about a mobile handset's output at the object's distance of 334 million kilometres, a range that contains the band.", "claims": [ "F58", "F27" ] }, { "n": 23, "para": 8, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "Breakthrough Listen's other searches took in the band within wider ranges: the Allen Telescope Array in early July 2025 across 1–9 GHz at 10–110 W EIRP; Parkes in July, September and October, with an expected sensitivity near 5 W at the closest session and its narrowband results pending; and the Green Bank Telescope on 18 December 2025 across 1–12 GHz at about 0.1 W, with no artificial emission localized to the object.", "claims": [ "F24", "F28", "F29" ] }, { "n": 24, "para": 8, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "The page reports no technosignature in any of these searches and keeps their data public, among them one six-scan Green Bank L-band cadence, scans 0013 to 0018.", "claims": [ "F23", "F31" ] }, { "n": 25, "para": 9, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "On those public products the archive's notebook ran its own tests at the band: no MeerKAT hit within 5 kHz of the OH lines in the comet's frame, and none between 1663 and 1667 MHz in any beam over six days of November and December.", "claims": [ "D1742-23", "D1742-22" ] }, { "n": 26, "para": 9, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "In the ATA's session of 3 July 2025 a full-band comet-frame count from 1665.75 to 1667.25 MHz came out at chance, 4 against 4.475 ± 3.07, and numerical anchors that include the OH rest frequency raised no flag.", "claims": [ "D1742-26", "D1742-27" ] }, { "n": 27, "para": 9, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "In the Green Bank OH channel the zero-drift class, where a sender that compensates its own Doppler would arrive, gave 3 on-source clusters against 7 with the beams swapped, and the 1665 MHz channel gave 5 against 5.7 ± 2.2.", "claims": [ "D1742-28", "D1742-25" ] }, { "n": 28, "para": 9, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "A frozen attempt to recover the comet's own OH absorption in the December Green Bank data failed, with a three-sigma floor of about 11–12 mJy, near the October strength of the deeper line at −14.2 mJy.", "claims": [ "D1742-24", "CAP-1-10", "F49" ] }, { "n": 29, "para": 10, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "The archive bounds those nulls by instrument-conditioned nullity: \"A null result constrains only those hypotheses for which the end-to-end acceptance of the acquisition and analysis chain is sufficiently characterized\" (#1450).", "claims": [ "O1450-01" ] }, { "n": 30, "para": 10, "sense": "searches at the band", "text": "Breakthrough Listen keeps spectral products with the powers below threshold beside its hit lists, and that preservation is what let the notebook's tests run.", "claims": [ "D1742-36", "F31" ] }, { "n": 31, "para": 11, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "In the Green Bank L-band cadence of 18 December 2025, coarse channel 7 (1665.53–1668.46 MHz), the notebook sums powers in Breakthrough Listen's public products along the path a tone fixed on the object would take, keeps features above z 2.5 in all three ON scans and below 2.0 in all three OFF scans, and finds 13 clusters against 3.75 ± 2.05 (maximum 8) for forty false accelerations.", "claims": [ "D1742-01", "D1742-03", "D1743-02", "CAP-1-04", "F31" ] }, { "n": 32, "para": 11, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "The count reproduces exactly under an independent implementation and depends on the real assignment of the ON scans, the other nineteen assignments giving 0 to 6; its plus-one rank of 1/41 is descriptive and no global p-value.", "claims": [ "D1742-02", "D1742-05", "D1742-04" ] }, { "n": 33, "para": 11, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "It weakens to 6 under a frequency-baseline normalization, with 7 of 40 controls reaching it, vanishes at the neighbouring thresholds, and occupies one slice of the score just above the gate with no tail below.", "claims": [ "D1742-05", "D1742-15" ] }, { "n": 34, "para": 12, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "The thirteen lie off the comet's OH: the nearest, C08 at 1667.412866 MHz, is 54 kHz from the line, where cometary OH would sit within about 11 kHz.", "claims": [ "D1742-07", "D1742-06", "D1743-03" ] }, { "n": 35, "para": 12, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "One of them, C02, crosses a stationary line complex near 1665.615 MHz present in every scan and is contamination; with the receiver-frame structure masked, 12 remain against 3.78 ± 2.09, and none of C03 to C13 is a single-spike artefact.", "claims": [ "D1742-08", "D1742-14", "D1742-09" ] }, { "n": 36, "para": 12, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "Per step they average about 0.35σ, and in any single look each stands 2.5 to 3.3 standard deviations above the noise; they appear only when the three looks are added along the object's drift, which none of the published searches did, and their rest frequencies carry no spacing or whole-kHz structure.", "claims": [ "D1742-10", "D1743-11" ] }, { "n": 37, "para": 13, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "Among 64 surveyed L-band channels of the same scans, the channel has the largest comet-frame excess, E 4.52 against a next largest of 2.36, and a global false-alarm probability for it is unestablished.", "claims": [ "D1742-17" ] }, { "n": 38, "para": 13, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "The property does not recur in fifteen held-out L-band channels, in the S-band channel or at Parkes on 31 July 2025, where the null bounds a source only at Parkes's sensitivity and on that date, and none of the thirteen has a Parkes candidate within 50 Hz in the comet's rest frame.", "claims": [ "D1742-12", "D1742-19", "D1742-18" ] }, { "n": 39, "para": 13, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "In the notebook's words the result is a reproducible, beam-sided excess in one 2.93 MHz channel, sensitive to normalization and threshold, unreplicated, and the cadence holds thirteen candidate features and one population-level anomaly that need separate tests.", "claims": [ "D1742-12", "D1742-13" ] }, { "n": 40, "para": 13, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "Its further nulls, built from shuffled rows, role partitions and phase-randomized rows, show the excess unlike what each one generates, and do not establish that a fluctuation at the 2.5 cut is excluded.", "claims": [ "D1742-16" ] }, { "n": 41, "para": 14, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "The pointing header of the third ON scan places the dish off the object; on that position the thirteen would be very unlikely to come from it, the public data argue the dish was on target, and the antenna record that would settle it is not public.", "claims": [ "D1742-35", "D1742-20" ] }, { "n": 42, "para": 14, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "C03, the strongest member, would need a steady transmitter of about 26 mW at the object (21–32 mW across calibrations), a descriptive and selection-biased figure, invisible to the ATA's July data with their 10–110 W sensitivities, so that correcting the ATA's drift sign would not have made these features visible to it.", "claims": [ "D1742-21", "D1743-07", "F24" ] }, { "n": 43, "para": 14, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "A tone on the object would have drifted at about −0.12 Hz/s at 1667 MHz that night, in the drift class the ATA's filter removed, and the features sit below the floor of every published search, among them Green Bank's 0.1 W and MeerKAT's 0.17 W, in the region whose acceptance those searches leave uncharacterized.", "claims": [ "D1743-05", "D1743-06", "D1742-30", "F29", "F58", "D1742-21" ] }, { "n": 44, "para": 15, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "They are what a complementary instrument returns from the searches' shared miss region, and they could be found at all because the powers below threshold were preserved.", "claims": [ "D1742-31", "D1742-37" ] }, { "n": 45, "para": 15, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "The notebook and its public account set the limit: none of the archive's instruments says the thirteen are a transmission or that the searches missed one, they fall short of a detection, they are the one result of the investigation it could not settle, and what they are the public data cannot tell.", "claims": [ "D1742-32", "D1743-04", "D1743-09", "D1743-10" ] }, { "n": 46, "para": 15, "sense": "the thirteen", "text": "Reading any content in them would need raw voltages, which the public directory does not hold; Breakthrough Listen's page reports the Green Bank voltages in transfer.", "claims": [ "D1742-11", "F32" ] }, { "n": 47, "para": 16, "sense": "what would settle it", "text": "Open at the band: a session at 1665–1668 MHz with Green Bank's sensitivity on another date, with the thirteen frequencies and the counting rule fixed in advance; the ATA's 3 July data along the true drift at C08–C13 (1667.41–1668.43 MHz), unsearched; and the raw voltages of the December scans.", "claims": [ "D1742-33", "D1742-34", "D1743-08" ] }, { "n": 48, "para": 16, "sense": "what would settle it", "text": "An early pass that found no excess within 5 kHz of the OH line was read as settling the thirteen, which span 2.93 MHz and lie outside that window.", "claims": [ "D1742-29" ] }, { "n": 49, "para": 17, "sense": "reception", "text": "Google's AI Overview at '3i atlas 1667 mhz', signed out on 6 November 2026, gives the band one meaning, the comet's OH line, dated and explained at its grain from seven cards headed by the ADS record of the detection; at this new address the registry records the authors as lost.", "claims": [ "F1", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-16", "CAP-1-15" ] }, { "n": 50, "para": 17, "sense": "reception", "text": "The Capture Registry reads the composition as making the natural line exclude what a natural line cannot exclude, a step the WIRED headline, 'Ends the Debate About Its Nature', carries, and as crediting Green Bank and the ATA, two technosignature searches, with confirming an OH line they did not report.", "claims": [ "F3", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-05" ] }, { "n": 51, "para": 17, "sense": "reception", "text": "It files every report at the band under the line, the forum thread's tracking with the comet's trajectory included, and a feature at the band that is not the comet's OH has no place in it.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12" ] }, { "n": 52, "para": 18, "sense": "reception", "text": "At '3i atlas hydroxyl', the control address, the same detection appears beside Swift's ultraviolet OH as chemistry, with its facilities and quantities and no verdict on the object's nature, and Loeb's essay on the radio detection heads the rail without entering the body.", "claims": [ "CAP-2-01", "CAP-2-02", "CAP-2-03", "CAP-2-04", "CAP-2-05", "CAP-2-06", "CAP-2-07" ] }, { "n": 53, "para": 18, "sense": "reception", "text": "The registry's smallest repair at the band keeps the detection and its meaning for the comet's activity and sets the technosignature searches apart as separate results with their own limits; its countertest reruns the address once the notebook is indexed.", "claims": [ "CAP-1-13", "CAP-1-14" ] } ], "joins": [ { "act": "order of senses", "sentences": "1–53", "claims": [], "note": "equal case (§4.7): the entity's dependency order (the lines, the detection, what the line says, the searches at the band, the thirteen, what would settle it, the reception), field and archive claims ordered together by genealogy within each sense, neither ledger placed first as a block" }, { "act": "holding together (two accounts of why the lines appeared in absorption)", "sentences": [ 10, 11 ], "claims": [ "F50", "F9", "F54" ], "note": "P_coh (§4.4): the telegram's level population set by the heliocentric velocity (F50, F54) and WIRED's proximity and geometry (F9) composed together, each with its source; the composer does not rule between them; the open block carries the question" }, { "act": "holding together (an embedded post's time against the telegram's window)", "sentences": [ 19 ], "claims": [ "F43", "F46" ], "note": "§4.3 contradicts_primary: the post's 04:10 UT beside the telegram's 05:17:16–08:29:37 UTC" }, { "act": "holding together (raw voltages: not held, in transfer)", "sentences": [ 46 ], "claims": [ "D1742-11", "F32" ], "note": "P_coh: the notebook's 'the public directory does not hold' them (D1742-11) beside Breakthrough Listen's 'in the process of being transferred' (F32); compatible as stated (not yet public)" }, { "act": "placing (the line's bearing on the object)", "sentences": [ 13, 14, 15, 16 ], "claims": [ "F21", "F22", "SOPH-01", "CAP-1-07", "F3", "F16" ], "note": "the field's readings of what the line says of the object's nature (natural origin; the debate ended; study warranted; theories persist) and the archive's reading (the line establishes activity and bears on nothing a transmitter would do) placed in one sense" }, { "act": "neighbour kept distinct (the comet's OH line and the band)", "sentences": [ 1, 34, 50, 51, 52 ], "claims": [ "D1742-06", "D1742-07", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12" ], "note": "the disambiguation: the comet's OH line, the entity T composes as the band's one meaning, is composed as a part of the band and stays a distinct entity; the thirteen are composed as features at the band off that line" } ], "plan": { "order": [ "F10", "F38", "F36", "F35", "F61", "D1742-06", "D1743-01", "F64", "F65", "F20", "F44", "F59", "F62", "F60", "F63", "F25", "CAP-1-06", "F2", "F46", "F47", "F11", "F39", "F4", "F48", "F7", "F49", "F51", "F1", "F45", "F50", "F9", "F52", "F53", "F56", "F54", "F55", "F66", "F67", "F21", "F22", "F30", "F33", "SOPH-01", "CAP-1-07", "F3", "F5", "F6", "F8", "F17", "F16", "F14", "F12", "F13", "F15", "F41", "F40", "F42", "F37", "F43", "F34", "F18", "F19", "F26", "F57", "F58", "F27", "F24", "F28", "F29", "F23", "F31", "D1742-23", "D1742-22", "D1742-26", "D1742-27", "D1742-28", "D1742-25", "D1742-24", "CAP-1-10", "O1450-01", "D1742-36", "D1742-01", "D1742-03", "D1743-02", "CAP-1-04", "D1742-02", "D1742-05", "D1742-04", "D1742-15", "D1742-07", "D1743-03", "D1742-08", "D1742-14", "D1742-09", "D1742-10", "D1743-11", "D1742-17", "D1742-12", "D1742-19", "D1742-18", "D1742-13", "D1742-16", "D1742-35", "D1742-20", "D1742-21", "D1743-07", "D1743-05", "D1743-06", "D1742-30", "D1742-31", "D1742-37", "D1742-32", "D1743-04", "D1743-09", "D1743-10", "D1742-11", "F32", "D1742-33", "D1742-34", "D1743-08", "D1742-29", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-16", "CAP-1-15", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12", "CAP-2-01", "CAP-2-02", "CAP-2-03", "CAP-2-04", "CAP-2-05", "CAP-2-06", "CAP-2-07", "CAP-1-13", "CAP-1-14" ], "senses": { "what the band holds": [ "F10", "F38", "F36", "F35", "F61", "D1742-06", "D1743-01", "F64", "F65", "F20", "F44", "F59", "F62", "F60", "F63", "F25", "CAP-1-06" ], "the MeerKAT detection": [ "F2", "F46", "F47", "F11", "F39", "F4", "CAP-1-06", "F48", "F7", "F49", "F51", "F1", "F45", "F50", "F9", "F52", "F53", "F56", "F54", "F55", "F66", "F67" ], "what the line says of the object": [ "F21", "F22", "F30", "F33", "SOPH-01", "CAP-1-07", "F3", "F5", "F6", "F8", "F17", "F16", "F14", "F12", "F13", "F15", "F41", "F40", "F42", "F37", "F43", "F46", "F34", "F36", "F35", "F18", "F19" ], "searches at the band": [ "F26", "F57", "F52", "F58", "F27", "F24", "F28", "F29", "F23", "F31", "D1742-23", "D1742-22", "D1742-26", "D1742-27", "D1742-28", "D1742-25", "D1742-24", "CAP-1-10", "F49", "O1450-01", "D1742-36" ], "the thirteen": [ "D1742-01", "D1742-03", "D1743-02", "CAP-1-04", "F31", "D1742-02", "D1742-05", "D1742-04", "D1742-15", "D1742-07", "D1742-06", "D1743-03", "D1742-08", "D1742-14", "D1742-09", "D1742-10", "D1743-11", "D1742-17", "D1742-12", "D1742-19", "D1742-18", "D1742-13", "D1742-16", "D1742-35", "D1742-20", "D1742-21", "D1743-07", "F24", "D1743-05", "D1743-06", "D1742-30", "F29", "F58", "D1742-31", "D1742-37", "D1742-32", "D1743-04", "D1743-09", "D1743-10", "D1742-11", "F32" ], "what would settle it": [ "D1742-33", "D1742-34", "D1743-08", "D1742-29" ], "reception": [ "F1", "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-16", "CAP-1-15", "F3", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12", "CAP-2-01", "CAP-2-02", "CAP-2-03", "CAP-2-04", "CAP-2-05", "CAP-2-06", "CAP-2-07", "CAP-1-13", "CAP-1-14" ] }, "marks": [ { "claim": "F7", "mark": "quotation variant", "note": "WIRED's quotation of the researchers ('detected on the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines') differs in wording from the telegram's sentence ('detected in both the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines', B8); same sense", "with": [ "F48" ] }, { "claim": "F9", "mark": "contested", "note": "WIRED gives the absorption to proximity and observing geometry; the team's telegrams give the OH level population set by the heliocentric velocity, and its turn to emission in November (B8, B9); both composed (P_coh)", "with": [ "F50", "F54" ] }, { "claim": "F43", "mark": "contradicts_primary", "note": "the embedded post gives 04:10 UT on 24 October; the telegram's observing window is 05:17:16–08:29:37 UTC (B8 ¶1)", "with": [ "F46" ] } ], "conflicts": [], "cuts": [], "carried": 140 } }, "P": { "title": "3I/ATLAS at 1665–1668 MHz", "genre": "the compression: AIO's interaction grammar (lede, headed clusters, bolded labels, card rail), composed from the knowledge object; equal case", "status": "composed 2026-11-06 from the v0.10 knowledge object; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "is the radio band of the hydroxyl radical's two 18 cm main lines at the interstellar comet C/2025 N1: MeerKAT found the comet's OH there in absorption on 24 October 2025 and in emission in November, set a 0.17 W technosignature limit across it, and the archive's notebook holds thirteen faint comet-frame features in the band, off the lines and unreplicated.", "claims": [ "F10", "F38", "F61", "F64", "F48", "F45", "F54", "F58", "D1742-01", "D1742-07", "D1742-12", "D1742-06" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "〰️", "head": "The lines", "items": [ { "label": "Where:", "text": "within about 11 kHz of 1665.402 and 1667.359 MHz in the comet's frame.", "claims": [ "D1742-06", "D1743-01", "F36", "F35" ] }, { "label": "What:", "text": "OH from water broken down by sunlight in the coma; absorption or emission.", "claims": [ "F38", "F25", "F10", "F59", "F62", "F60", "F63" ] } ] }, { "icon": "📡", "head": "The detection", "items": [ { "label": "24 October 2025:", "text": "absorption in both lines, −8.4 and −14.2 mJy; none in September.", "claims": [ "F48", "F49", "F46", "F47", "F51", "F2", "F1", "F4", "F7", "F11", "F39", "F43", "CAP-1-06" ] }, { "label": "Reported:", "text": "ATel #17473, Pisano, Smirnov, Ivchenko, Roth, Buchner.", "claims": [ "F45" ] }, { "label": "November:", "text": "absorption on 5–6, emission on 11–12, as the comet's heliocentric velocity predicts; WIRED gives proximity and geometry.", "claims": [ "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56", "F50", "F9" ] }, { "label": "Ultraviolet:", "text": "Swift's tentative OH, July–August.", "claims": [ "F66", "F67" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🧭", "head": "What the line says", "items": [ { "label": "Activity:", "text": "with the spectroscopy, it establishes the comet's natural activity; it bears on nothing a transmitter would do.", "claims": [ "SOPH-01", "CAP-1-07", "F8", "F34" ] }, { "label": "Press:", "text": "'ends the debate' (WIRED's headline), though its article expects the theories to persist and asks for monitoring; Futura: a natural origin.", "claims": [ "F3", "F5", "F6", "F16", "F14", "F17", "F37", "F41", "F42", "F40", "F18", "F19" ] }, { "label": "Breakthrough Listen:", "text": "no evidence of other than natural; thorough study warranted.", "claims": [ "F21", "F22", "F30", "F33", "F12", "F13", "F15" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🔭", "head": "Searches at the band", "items": [ { "label": "MeerKAT BLUSE:", "text": "0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz; 23,689 signals, none from the object.", "claims": [ "F26", "F57", "F58", "F27" ] }, { "label": "Others:", "text": "ATA 10–110 W; Parkes about 5 W, pending; Green Bank about 0.1 W; none found a technosignature.", "claims": [ "F24", "F28", "F29", "F23", "F31" ] }, { "label": "The notebook:", "text": "no MeerKAT hit at the lines; ATA counts at chance; the comet's OH not recovered at Green Bank.", "claims": [ "D1742-23", "D1742-22", "D1742-26", "D1742-27", "D1742-28", "D1742-25", "D1742-24", "CAP-1-10", "D1742-36" ] }, { "label": "Scope:", "text": "a null constrains only what the chain's characterized acceptance covers.", "claims": [ "O1450-01" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🔢", "head": "The thirteen", "items": [ { "label": "Count:", "text": "13 comet-frame clusters at 1665.53–1668.46 MHz against 3.75 ± 2.05 (Green Bank, 18 December 2025).", "claims": [ "D1742-01", "D1742-03", "D1743-02", "D1742-02", "D1742-04", "CAP-1-04" ] }, { "label": "Off the line:", "text": "the nearest 54 kHz from OH.", "claims": [ "D1742-07", "D1743-03", "D1742-08", "D1742-14", "D1742-09" ] }, { "label": "Fragile:", "text": "6 under another normalization; gone at nearby thresholds; 0.35σ per step.", "claims": [ "D1742-05", "D1742-15", "D1742-10", "D1743-11", "D1742-16", "D1742-17" ] }, { "label": "Unreplicated:", "text": "held-out channels, Parkes, two epochs.", "claims": [ "D1742-12", "D1742-13", "D1742-19", "D1742-18" ] }, { "label": "Below the floor:", "text": "C03 about 26 mW; in the negative-drift class.", "claims": [ "D1742-21", "D1743-07", "D1743-05", "D1743-06", "D1742-30", "D1742-31", "D1742-37", "D1742-35", "D1742-20" ] }, { "label": "Limit:", "text": "short of a detection; no claim of a transmission.", "claims": [ "D1742-32", "D1743-04", "D1743-09", "D1743-10", "D1742-11", "F32" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Do the thirteen come back?", "rests_on": [ "D1742-33", "D1743-08", "D1742-12", "D1742-34" ], "modality": "hypothesis (the notebook's open test); documented (unreplicated)", "would_resolve": "a session at 1665–1668 MHz with Green Bank's sensitivity on another date, the thirteen frequencies and the counting rule frozen; the ATA's 3 July data along the true drift at C08–C13" }, { "question": "Where did the dish point during the third ON scan?", "rests_on": [ "D1742-20", "D1742-35" ], "modality": "interpretation", "would_resolve": "the Green Bank antenna record for 05:08:17–05:13:15 UTC on 18 December 2025, held and unpublished; it settles the pointing and leaves the origin open" }, { "question": "Is the excess a fluctuation at the cut?", "rests_on": [ "D1742-16", "D1742-17", "D1742-04" ], "modality": "self-description and documented", "would_resolve": "a background shown exchangeable for this fluctuation, and the distribution of the largest result the whole search could produce (the 192 unsurveyed channels among it)" }, { "question": "What do the thirteen carry?", "rests_on": [ "D1742-11", "F32", "D1743-09" ], "modality": "documented", "would_resolve": "the raw voltages of the December scans, reported in transfer" }, { "question": "Why absorption in October and emission in November?", "rests_on": [ "F50", "F54", "F9" ], "modality": "interpretation (ATel #17473); documented (ATel #17499); interpretation (WIRED)", "would_resolve": "the team's full account of the level population against the heliocentric velocity, beside WIRED's account by proximity and geometry" }, { "question": "Opacities", "rests_on": [ "F1", "F2", "F18", "F19", "F34", "F35", "F36" ], "modality": "attributed (card text only)", "would_resolve": "the ADS record (refused, human verification), the forum thread and the social post (URLs not found), the blog (TLS refused): each admitted by title and snippet only" } ], "body_words": 330, "rail": [ { "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "claims": [ "F10", "F25", "F35", "F36", "F38", "F59", "F60", "F61", "F62", "F63", "D1742-06", "D1743-01" ], "earliest": "B2", "Card": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines" }, { "lineage": "the object", "claims": [ "F20", "F44", "F64", "F65" ], "earliest": "B7", "Card": "the object" }, { "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F4", "F7", "F11", "F39", "F43", "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F51", "CAP-1-06" ], "earliest": "B8", "Card": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025" }, { "lineage": "absorption and emission", "claims": [ "F9", "F50", "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56" ], "earliest": "B8", "Card": "absorption and emission" }, { "lineage": "the comet's water: OH in the ultraviolet", "claims": [ "F66", "F67" ], "earliest": "B11", "Card": "the comet's water: OH in the ultraviolet" }, { "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "claims": [ "F3", "F5", "F6", "F8", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F21", "F22", "F30", "F33", "F34", "F37", "F40", "F41", "F42", "CAP-1-07", "SOPH-01" ], "earliest": "B2", "Card": "what the line says of the object's nature" }, { "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "claims": [ "F23", "F24", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F31", "F57", "F58", "CAP-1-10", "D1742-22", "D1742-23", "D1742-24", "D1742-25", "D1742-26", "D1742-27", "D1742-28", "D1742-36", "O1450-01" ], "earliest": "B9", "Card": "technosignature searches at the band" }, { "lineage": "the thirteen: comet-frame features off the lines", "claims": [ "F32", "CAP-1-04", "D1742-01", "D1742-02", "D1742-03", "D1742-04", "D1742-05", "D1742-07", "D1742-08", "D1742-09", "D1742-10", "D1742-11", "D1742-12", "D1742-13", "D1742-14", "D1742-15", "D1742-16", "D1742-17", "D1742-18", "D1742-19", "D1742-20", "D1742-21", "D1742-30", "D1742-31", "D1742-32", "D1742-35", "D1742-37", "D1743-02", "D1743-03", "D1743-04", "D1743-05", "D1743-06", "D1743-07", "D1743-09", "D1743-10", "D1743-11" ], "earliest": 1742, "Card": "the thirteen: comet-frame features off the lines" }, { "lineage": "what is open", "claims": [ "CAP-1-14", "D1742-29", "D1742-33", "D1742-34", "D1743-08" ], "earliest": 1742, "Card": "what is open" }, { "lineage": "reception: the composition at the band", "claims": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12", "CAP-1-13", "CAP-1-15", "CAP-1-16", "CAP-2-01", "CAP-2-02", "CAP-2-03", "CAP-2-04", "CAP-2-05", "CAP-2-06", "CAP-2-07" ], "earliest": "capture", "Card": "reception: the composition at the band" } ], "entity": "Composed under v0.10, equal case (ρ = extends): the article first (§4.13), attribution beneath (§4.5); every field and archive claim carried." }, "P_B": { "title": "3I/ATLAS at 1665–1668 MHz", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "popup — the compression from the field ledger alone (cards, own pages and Wikipedia)", "status": "composed 2026-11-06 from the field ledger alone; not frozen", "lede": { "text": "are the frequencies of the hydroxyl radical's 18 cm main lines, at which MeerKAT detected OH absorption from the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS on 24 October 2025, a sign of water broken up in the coma.", "claims": [ "F10", "F38", "F48", "F45", "F25" ] }, "sections": [ { "icon": "📡", "head": "The detection", "items": [ { "label": "When:", "text": "24 October 2025; emission in November.", "claims": [ "F46", "F54", "F51" ] }, { "label": "Why:", "text": "level population; or, for WIRED, geometry.", "claims": [ "F50", "F9" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🧭", "head": "Reading", "items": [ { "label": "Press:", "text": "natural origin; theories persist.", "claims": [ "F3", "F42", "F16" ] } ] }, { "icon": "🔭", "head": "Searches", "items": [ { "label": "Limits:", "text": "0.17 W (MeerKAT), 0.1 W (Green Bank); no technosignature.", "claims": [ "F58", "F29", "F23" ] } ] } ], "open": [ { "question": "Opacities", "rests_on": [ "F1", "F18", "F34", "F35" ], "modality": "attributed", "would_resolve": "the ADS record, the forum thread, the social post and the blog, card text only" } ], "entity": "the field's entity: the OH main lines of the comet 3I/ATLAS at 1665 and 1667 MHz, detected by MeerKAT, as its cards and reference sources present it", "rail": [ { "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "claims": [ "F10", "F25", "F35", "F36", "F38", "F59", "F60", "F61", "F62", "F63" ], "earliest": "B2", "Card": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines" }, { "lineage": "the object", "claims": [ "F20", "F44", "F64", "F65" ], "earliest": "B7", "Card": "the object" }, { "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F4", "F7", "F11", "F39", "F43", "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F51" ], "earliest": "B8", "Card": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025" }, { "lineage": "absorption and emission", "claims": [ "F9", "F50", "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56" ], "earliest": "B8", "Card": "absorption and emission" }, { "lineage": "the comet's water: OH in the ultraviolet", "claims": [ "F66", "F67" ], "earliest": "B11", "Card": "the comet's water: OH in the ultraviolet" }, { "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "claims": [ "F3", "F5", "F6", "F8", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F21", "F22", "F30", "F33", "F34", "F37", "F40", "F41", "F42" ], "earliest": "B2", "Card": "what the line says of the object's nature" }, { "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "claims": [ "F23", "F24", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F31", "F57", "F58" ], "earliest": "B9", "Card": "technosignature searches at the band" }, { "lineage": "the thirteen: comet-frame features off the lines", "claims": [ "F32" ], "earliest": 1742, "Card": "the thirteen: comet-frame features off the lines" } ], "body_words": 67 }, "KO_B": { "title": "3I/ATLAS at 1665–1668 MHz", "arm": "B (the field alone)", "genre": "knowledge object", "status": "composed 2026-11-06; not frozen", "sentences": [ { "n": 1, "para": 0, "text": "The hydroxyl radical, the neutral form of the hydroxide ion, absorbs or emits at 1665 and 1667 MHz through its 18-cm transitions, observed in the interstellar medium since 1963 and in nebulae, comets and star-forming regions.", "claims": [ "F59", "F10", "F61", "F60", "F62", "F63", "F36", "F35" ] }, { "n": 2, "para": 0, "text": "Water expelled from a comet breaks into hydrogen and hydroxyl in the coma, and MeerKAT found hydroxyl at the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, discovered on 1 July 2025 and the third such object known.", "claims": [ "F38", "F25", "F64", "F65", "F20", "F44" ] }, { "n": 3, "para": 1, "text": "The Astronomer's Telegram #17473 (Pisano and four colleagues, 4 November 2025) reports absorption in both lines on 24 October 2025, 05:17–08:29 UTC, with peak fluxes of −8.4 and −14.2 mJy, after non-detections on 20 and 28 September.", "claims": [ "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F51", "F1", "F2", "F4", "F7", "F11", "F39", "F43" ] }, { "n": 4, "para": 1, "text": "The absorption is consistent with the level population the comet's heliocentric velocity predicts; WIRED attributes it to proximity to the Sun and the observing geometry.", "claims": [ "F50", "F9" ] }, { "n": 5, "para": 1, "text": "Absorption recurred on 5 and 6 November and gave way to emission on 11 and 12 November, after a non-detection on 4 November; Swift had found tentative ultraviolet OH in July and August.", "claims": [ "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56", "F66", "F67" ] }, { "n": 6, "para": 2, "text": "Press accounts read the detection as ending the debate over the object's nature or as pointing to a natural origin, while WIRED itself expects the conspiracy theories to persist and asks for continued monitoring of the OH production.", "claims": [ "F3", "F5", "F6", "F8", "F37", "F41", "F42", "F40", "F16", "F14", "F17", "F34", "F18", "F19" ] }, { "n": 7, "para": 2, "text": "WIRED quotes Loeb's request for radio monitoring on the strength of the Wow! signal's direction and his remark that nothing but the OH absorption had been detected.", "claims": [ "F12", "F13", "F15" ] }, { "n": 8, "para": 3, "text": "Breakthrough Listen finds no evidence that the object is anything but natural, judges thorough study warranted, and reports no technosignature in its searches.", "claims": [ "F21", "F22", "F23", "F30", "F33" ] }, { "n": 9, "para": 3, "text": "MeerKAT's BLUSE search found 23,689 signals, none spatially consistent with the object and likely interference, and set a limit of 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz.", "claims": [ "F26", "F57", "F58", "F27" ] }, { "n": 10, "para": 3, "text": "The ATA covered 1–9 GHz at 10–110 W, Parkes expected about 5 W with results pending, and the Green Bank Telescope reached about 0.1 W across 1–12 GHz with no localized emission; its L-band cadence is public and its raw voltages in transfer.", "claims": [ "F24", "F28", "F29", "F31", "F32" ] } ] }, "L_B": { "words": 320, "text": "The hydroxyl radical, the neutral form of the hydroxide ion, absorbs or emits at 1665 and 1667 MHz through its 18-cm transitions, observed in the interstellar medium since 1963 and in nebulae, comets and star-forming regions. Water expelled from a comet breaks into hydrogen and hydroxyl in the coma, and MeerKAT found hydroxyl at the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, discovered on 1 July 2025 and the third such object known. The Astronomer's Telegram #17473 (Pisano and four colleagues, 4 November 2025) reports absorption in both lines on 24 October 2025, 05:17–08:29 UTC, with peak fluxes of −8.4 and −14.2 mJy, after non-detections on 20 and 28 September. The absorption is consistent with the level population the comet's heliocentric velocity predicts; WIRED attributes it to proximity to the Sun and the observing geometry. Absorption recurred on 5 and 6 November and gave way to emission on 11 and 12 November, after a non-detection on 4 November; Swift had found tentative ultraviolet OH in July and August. Press accounts read the detection as ending the debate over the object's nature or as pointing to a natural origin, while WIRED itself expects the conspiracy theories to persist and asks for continued monitoring of the OH production. WIRED quotes Loeb's request for radio monitoring on the strength of the Wow! signal's direction and his remark that nothing but the OH absorption had been detected. Breakthrough Listen finds no evidence that the object is anything but natural, judges thorough study warranted, and reports no technosignature in its searches. MeerKAT's BLUSE search found 23,689 signals, none spatially consistent with the object and likely interference, and set a limit of 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz. The ATA covered 1–9 GHz at 10–110 W, Parkes expected about 5 W with results pending, and the Green Bank Telescope reached about 0.1 W across 1–12 GHz with no localized emission; its L-band cadence is public and its raw voltages in transfer.", "note": "L_F(B), the field composed in its own ontology (§0.4), realized as KO_B; its compression is P_B" }, "L_BA": { "words": 2162, "text": "At the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS, the band from 1665 to 1668 MHz holds the two main lines of the hydroxyl radical's 18 cm transitions, which in the comet's own frame fall within about 11 kHz of 1665.402 and 1667.359 MHz. The comet, catalogued as C/2025 N1 (ATLAS), was discovered on 1 July 2025 by the ATLAS survey, is the third confirmed interstellar object to pass through the Solar System, and reached perihelion on 29 October 2025. The hydroxyl radical is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion; its ground state is split by lambda doubling and again by hyperfine interaction with the proton's spin. The molecule has been observed in the interstellar medium since 1963 through its 18-cm transitions, first as absorption lines toward Cassiopeia A, and its masers were the first found in space. Its lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz appear in absorption or in emission and have been detected in nebulae, comets and star-forming regions. In a comet the radical comes from water: molecules expelled from the nucleus break into hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals that stay in the coma as sunlight breaks the water ice down, and the radicals absorb at the two frequencies. MeerKAT observed the comet on 24 October 2025 from 05:17:16 to 08:29:37 UTC with its L-band receivers at a channel width of 1.633 kHz, reaching 1.5 mJy per beam in a 0.3 km/s channel, 3.76 degrees from the Sun and five days before perihelion. OH absorption was found in both the 1665 MHz and the 1667 MHz line, with Gaussian peak fluxes of −8.4 ± 3.1 and −14.2 ± 3.4 mJy at about −15.6 km/s; the same telescope had not found the lines on 20 and 28 September. D. J. Pisano, Oleg Smirnov, Mykola Ivchenko, Lorenz Roth and Sarah Buchner reported the detection in The Astronomer's Telegram #17473 on 4 November 2025, and its ADS record heads the rail at the band. The team found the absorption consistent with the OH level population expected from the comet's heliocentric velocity; WIRED's account gives the absorption to the comet's closeness to the Sun and to an observing geometry that favours absorption over emission. Further MeerKAT runs found both lines in absorption again on 5 and 6 November, neither line on 4 November, and the lines in emission on 11 and 12 November, the turn again consistent with the level population set by the heliocentric velocity and the velocities consistent with the comet's. Earlier, Swift had found tentative evidence of water vapour and OH in the ultraviolet on 31 July and 1 August 2025, read as water ice grains sublimating beyond the nucleus. Breakthrough Listen's page on the object states that there is currently no evidence that it is anything other than a natural astrophysical object, and that the small number of such objects and the plausibility of interstellar probes as a technosignature warrant thorough study, the object meanwhile behaving as expected from natural astrophysical processes and remaining an extremely interesting target. In the archive's reading the OH lines, with the spectroscopy, establish the comet's natural activity, and an absorption line bears on that activity and on nothing a transmitter would or would not do. WIRED's headline, on an article first published in WIRED en Español, has the first radio signal end the debate about the object's nature; its article calls the detection more evidence for a natural origin, a radio-frequency pattern distinct from a spacecraft's transmission and consistent with typical comet activity. The same article doubts that the detection will end the conspiracy theories, and says continued monitoring would be needed to learn whether the OH production is constant or intermittent before firmer conclusions about the object's nature. It quotes Avi Loeb, who had urged radio observatories to watch the object because its arrival direction lay within 9 degrees of that of the 1977 Wow! signal, at 1.4204556 GHz, and who wrote that no radio detection had been reported other than the OH absorption; WIRED calls him among the most vocal advocates of a technological origin. Futura's account explains the signal by the water a comet loses as it nears the Sun, says that Loeb and his followers might be tempted to read it as a craft's emission, and concludes under a headline announcing what the object really is that everything points to a natural origin, even if Loeb still refuses to accept it. A post embedded in that account dates the detection to 04:10 UT on 24 October, before the observing window of 05:17:16 to 08:29:37 UTC that the telegram gives. Shorter accounts on the rail say that the detection confirms ongoing cometary activity such as sublimation and outgassing, that 1.667 GHz is a hydroxyl line, which one of them distinguishes from neutral hydrogen, and, in a December 2025 forum thread on unexplained signals, that some sources read the signal as something other than a spacecraft's transmission. MeerKAT's BLUSE backend searched the November data for narrowband transmitters toward the object: of 23,689 signals detected on 5 November, none was spatially consistent with its position, and the team judged them likely anthropogenic interference. That search set a limit of 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz, about a mobile handset's output at the object's distance of 334 million kilometres, a range that contains the band. Breakthrough Listen's other searches took in the band within wider ranges: the Allen Telescope Array in early July 2025 across 1–9 GHz at 10–110 W EIRP; Parkes in July, September and October, with an expected sensitivity near 5 W at the closest session and its narrowband results pending; and the Green Bank Telescope on 18 December 2025 across 1–12 GHz at about 0.1 W, with no artificial emission localized to the object. The page reports no technosignature in any of these searches and keeps their data public, among them one six-scan Green Bank L-band cadence, scans 0013 to 0018. On those public products the archive's notebook ran its own tests at the band: no MeerKAT hit within 5 kHz of the OH lines in the comet's frame, and none between 1663 and 1667 MHz in any beam over six days of November and December. In the ATA's session of 3 July 2025 a full-band comet-frame count from 1665.75 to 1667.25 MHz came out at chance, 4 against 4.475 ± 3.07, and numerical anchors that include the OH rest frequency raised no flag. In the Green Bank OH channel the zero-drift class, where a sender that compensates its own Doppler would arrive, gave 3 on-source clusters against 7 with the beams swapped, and the 1665 MHz channel gave 5 against 5.7 ± 2.2. A frozen attempt to recover the comet's own OH absorption in the December Green Bank data failed, with a three-sigma floor of about 11–12 mJy, near the October strength of the deeper line at −14.2 mJy. The archive bounds those nulls by instrument-conditioned nullity: \"A null result constrains only those hypotheses for which the end-to-end acceptance of the acquisition and analysis chain is sufficiently characterized\" (#1450). Breakthrough Listen keeps spectral products with the powers below threshold beside its hit lists, and that preservation is what let the notebook's tests run. In the Green Bank L-band cadence of 18 December 2025, coarse channel 7 (1665.53–1668.46 MHz), the notebook sums powers in Breakthrough Listen's public products along the path a tone fixed on the object would take, keeps features above z 2.5 in all three ON scans and below 2.0 in all three OFF scans, and finds 13 clusters against 3.75 ± 2.05 (maximum 8) for forty false accelerations. The count reproduces exactly under an independent implementation and depends on the real assignment of the ON scans, the other nineteen assignments giving 0 to 6; its plus-one rank of 1/41 is descriptive and no global p-value. It weakens to 6 under a frequency-baseline normalization, with 7 of 40 controls reaching it, vanishes at the neighbouring thresholds, and occupies one slice of the score just above the gate with no tail below. The thirteen lie off the comet's OH: the nearest, C08 at 1667.412866 MHz, is 54 kHz from the line, where cometary OH would sit within about 11 kHz. One of them, C02, crosses a stationary line complex near 1665.615 MHz present in every scan and is contamination; with the receiver-frame structure masked, 12 remain against 3.78 ± 2.09, and none of C03 to C13 is a single-spike artefact. Per step they average about 0.35σ, and in any single look each stands 2.5 to 3.3 standard deviations above the noise; they appear only when the three looks are added along the object's drift, which none of the published searches did, and their rest frequencies carry no spacing or whole-kHz structure. Among 64 surveyed L-band channels of the same scans, the channel has the largest comet-frame excess, E 4.52 against a next largest of 2.36, and a global false-alarm probability for it is unestablished. The property does not recur in fifteen held-out L-band channels, in the S-band channel or at Parkes on 31 July 2025, where the null bounds a source only at Parkes's sensitivity and on that date, and none of the thirteen has a Parkes candidate within 50 Hz in the comet's rest frame. In the notebook's words the result is a reproducible, beam-sided excess in one 2.93 MHz channel, sensitive to normalization and threshold, unreplicated, and the cadence holds thirteen candidate features and one population-level anomaly that need separate tests. Its further nulls, built from shuffled rows, role partitions and phase-randomized rows, show the excess unlike what each one generates, and do not establish that a fluctuation at the 2.5 cut is excluded. The pointing header of the third ON scan places the dish off the object; on that position the thirteen would be very unlikely to come from it, the public data argue the dish was on target, and the antenna record that would settle it is not public. C03, the strongest member, would need a steady transmitter of about 26 mW at the object (21–32 mW across calibrations), a descriptive and selection-biased figure, invisible to the ATA's July data with their 10–110 W sensitivities, so that correcting the ATA's drift sign would not have made these features visible to it. A tone on the object would have drifted at about −0.12 Hz/s at 1667 MHz that night, in the drift class the ATA's filter removed, and the features sit below the floor of every published search, among them Green Bank's 0.1 W and MeerKAT's 0.17 W, in the region whose acceptance those searches leave uncharacterized. They are what a complementary instrument returns from the searches' shared miss region, and they could be found at all because the powers below threshold were preserved. The notebook and its public account set the limit: none of the archive's instruments says the thirteen are a transmission or that the searches missed one, they fall short of a detection, they are the one result of the investigation it could not settle, and what they are the public data cannot tell. Reading any content in them would need raw voltages, which the public directory does not hold; Breakthrough Listen's page reports the Green Bank voltages in transfer. Open at the band: a session at 1665–1668 MHz with Green Bank's sensitivity on another date, with the thirteen frequencies and the counting rule fixed in advance; the ATA's 3 July data along the true drift at C08–C13 (1667.41–1668.43 MHz), unsearched; and the raw voltages of the December scans. An early pass that found no excess within 5 kHz of the OH line was read as settling the thirteen, which span 2.93 MHz and lie outside that window. Google's AI Overview at '3i atlas 1667 mhz', signed out on 6 November 2026, gives the band one meaning, the comet's OH line, dated and explained at its grain from seven cards headed by the ADS record of the detection; at this new address the registry records the authors as lost. The Capture Registry reads the composition as making the natural line exclude what a natural line cannot exclude, a step the WIRED headline, 'Ends the Debate About Its Nature', carries, and as crediting Green Bank and the ATA, two technosignature searches, with confirming an OH line they did not report. It files every report at the band under the line, the forum thread's tracking with the comet's trajectory included, and a feature at the band that is not the comet's OH has no place in it. At '3i atlas hydroxyl', the control address, the same detection appears beside Swift's ultraviolet OH as chemistry, with its facilities and quantities and no verdict on the object's nature, and Loeb's essay on the radio detection heads the rail without entering the body. The registry's smallest repair at the band keeps the detection and its meaning for the comet's activity and sets the technosignature searches apart as separate results with their own limits; its countertest reruns the address once the notebook is indexed.", "rail": [], "note": "L(B ∪ A) in the equal-terms case (§0.4), realized as the knowledge object (objects.KO); its compression is objects.P" } }, "field": [ { "id": "B1", "card": "Harvard University — Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS - ADS", "fetched": "unreachable: HTTP 405, a human-verification page that requires JavaScript (saved as B1-try.html); not retried by any other route; the card's title and snippet stand as its text; its abstract is the text of ATel #17473 (B8), carried in B_R", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B2", "card": "WIRED — The First Radio Signal From Comet 3I/Atlas Ends the Debate About Its Nature | WIRED", "fetched": "card; B2.html sha256 47b7114664a91cb7, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:48Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B3", "card": "Reddit·r/amateurradio — Unexplained Radio Signals and more from 3I/Atlas : r/amateurradio - Reddit", "fetched": "unreachable: the thread's URL could not be determined from the card (three WebSearch queries, one refused by the search proxy); no fetch; the card's title and snippet stand as its text", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B4", "card": "SETI — Breakthrough Listen observations of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS", "fetched": "card; B4.html sha256 ed9308f5083ceaa7, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:48Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B5", "card": "Facebook·The Lighter Side of Science — What is the meaning of the first radio detection from interstellar object 3I ...", "fetched": "unreachable: the post's URL could not be determined (one WebSearch query); no fetch; the card's title and snippet stand as its text", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B6", "card": "www.antihackingonline.com — A signal of approximately 1.667 GHz from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was ...", "fetched": "unreachable: the post's URL could not be determined (two WebSearch queries), and the site's root and search page failed TLS verification (self-signed certificate) at 2026-11-06T15:23:48Z; not retried by any other route; the card's title and snippet stand as its text", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B7", "card": "Futura, le média qui explore le monde — We Finally Know What the Interstellar Object Crossing the Solar System ...", "fetched": "card; B7.html sha256 dde669574619afe5, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:24:25Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B8", "card": "The Astronomer's Telegram — ATel #17473: Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS (the detection's own text)", "fetched": "own_page; B8.html sha256 ad96b16624b76163, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:22:56Z", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R" }, { "id": "B9", "card": "The Astronomer's Telegram — ATel #17499: Further MeerKAT observations of 1665/1667 MHz OH in absorption and emission, and a technosignature search in 3I/ATLAS", "fetched": "own_page; B9.html sha256 b04045796a8e7a96, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:22:57Z", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R" }, { "id": "B10", "card": "Wikipedia — Hydroxyl radical", "fetched": "wikipedia; B10.html sha256 0bf4db0c70e877ec, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:24:25Z; wikitext HTTP 200 (sha256 8ee6001c61862d0f)", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R" }, { "id": "B11", "card": "Wikipedia — 3I/ATLAS", "fetched": "wikipedia; B11.html sha256 01c62d0f33f4f237, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:24:26Z; wikitext HTTP 200 (sha256 7c89cc6307ef7cab)", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R" } ], "field_claims": { "F1": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card title", "quote": "Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS - ADS", "claim": "the ADS record of the detection: OH absorption at 1665/1667 MHz in 3I/ATLAS", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-04 (the ATel the record indexes)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F2": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card snippet (unreachable)", "quote": "We observed 3I/ATLAS with MeerKAT on 24 October 2025 from UTC 05:17:16-08:29:37, using the L-band receivers and the NE54M (1.633 kHz channel width)", "claim": "observed with MeerKAT on 24 October 2025, 05:17:16–08:29:37 UTC, L band, 1.633 kHz channels", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-04 (the ATel the record indexes)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F3": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "title", "quote": "The First Radio Signal From Comet 3I/Atlas Ends the Debate About Its Nature", "claim": "the headline: the first radio signal ends the debate about the object's nature", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F4": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card snippet", "quote": "Detection: South Africa's MeerKAT radio telescope detected the first radio signal from interstellar object 3I/Atlas on October 24, 2025.", "claim": "the card: MeerKAT detected the first radio signal on 24 October 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F5": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "More evidence has emerged to support the natural origin of comet 3I/Atlas", "claim": "more evidence for a natural origin", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F6": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "this isn't a radio signal like a transmission emitted by a spacecraft. It's instead a radio frequency pattern detected by MeerKAT", "claim": "a radio-frequency pattern, distinct from a spacecraft's transmission", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F7": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "\"OH absorption was detected on the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines,\" according to the researchers", "claim": "the researchers quoted on the OH absorption in both lines", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised", "mark": { "mark": "quotation variant", "note": "WIRED's quotation of the researchers ('detected on the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines') differs in wording from the telegram's sentence ('detected in both the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines', B8); same sense", "with": [ "F48" ] } }, "F8": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶3", "quote": "What MeerKAT specifically detected were lines of radio absorption by hydroxyl radicals, that is, OH molecules, a pattern that would be consistent with typical comet activity.", "claim": "absorption by OH, consistent with typical comet activity", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F9": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶3", "quote": "The lines appear as absorption because 3I/Atlas was very close to the sun and the observing geometry favors absorption over emission.", "claim": "absorption because of closeness to the Sun and the observing geometry", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "absorption and emission", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised", "mark": { "mark": "contested", "note": "WIRED gives the absorption to proximity and observing geometry; the team's telegrams give the OH level population set by the heliocentric velocity, and its turn to emission in November (B8, B9); both composed (P_coh)", "with": [ "F50", "F54" ] } }, "F10": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶4", "quote": "The hydroxyl radical (OH) can absorb or emit radiation at specific frequencies (such as the 1665 and 1667 MHz lines) due to transitions in its energy levels. These OH spectral lines have been detected in nebulae, comets, and star-forming regions.", "claim": "OH absorbs or emits at 1665 and 1667 MHz; the lines seen in nebulae, comets and star-forming regions", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F11": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶5", "quote": "The detection was possible on October 24, five days before 3I/Atlas reached its closest point to the sun. MeerKAT attempted to detect radio signals earlier, on September 20 and 28, although it was unsuccessful.", "claim": "detected 24 October, five days before perihelion; unsuccessful on 20 and 28 September", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F12": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶5 (Loeb, quoted)", "quote": "I encouraged radio observatories like MeerKAT to search for radio emission from 3I/ATLAS given that the arrival direction of 3I/ATLAS coincided to within 9 degrees with the arrival direction of the Wow! Signal detected in 1977 at a frequency of 1.4204556 gigahertz", "claim": "Loeb urged a radio search: arrival direction within 9 degrees of the Wow! signal (1.4204556 GHz)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F13": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶6 (Loeb, quoted)", "quote": "no radio detection of 3I/ATLAS has been reported so far, other than the OH absorption signal.", "claim": "Loeb: no radio detection reported other than the OH absorption", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F14": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶6", "quote": "continued monitoring of the object would need to be conducted to determine whether the OH production is constant or intermittent", "claim": "continued monitoring needed to tell constant from intermittent OH production", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F15": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶7", "quote": "Loeb has been has been among the most vocal advocates of the hypothesis that 3I/Atlas has a technological origin.", "claim": "Loeb described as among the most vocal advocates of a technological origin", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F16": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶8", "quote": "Will the MeerKAT detection be enough to put an end to conspiracy theories about 3I/Atlas? Likely not", "claim": "the detection likely not enough to end the conspiracy theories", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F17": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "footer", "quote": "This story first appeared on WIRED en Español and has been translated from Spanish.", "claim": "first published in WIRED en Español, translated", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 db20fbf346b87642…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F18": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card title", "quote": "Unexplained Radio Signals and more from 3I/Atlas : r/amateurradio - Reddit", "claim": "a forum thread: unexplained radio signals from 3I/Atlas", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-12-15 (the card)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F19": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card snippet (unreachable)", "quote": "December 15, 2025 — 3I/ATLAS Radio Signal: While a radio signal was detected from 3I/ATLAS, some sources indicate it is not a transmission from a spacecraft but a radio frequency p", "claim": "the thread: a radio signal detected, which some sources say is no spacecraft transmission", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-12-15 (the card)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F20": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was discovered on July 1, 2025.", "claim": "discovered 1 July 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the object", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F21": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "There is currently no evidence to suggest that it is anything other than a natural astrophysical object.", "claim": "no current evidence of anything other than a natural object", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F22": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "However, given the small number of such objects known (only three to date), and the plausibility of interstellar probes as a technosignature (a sign of extraterrestrial intelligence) … thorough study is warrant", "claim": "thorough study warranted, given three known objects and the plausibility of probes as a technosignature", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F23": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "No technosignatures have been detected in any of these searches.", "claim": "no technosignature in any Breakthrough Listen search", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F24": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Allen Telescope Array", "quote": "Data were acquired across frequencies of 1 - 9 GHz, reaching sensitivities between 10 - 110 W equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP).", "claim": "the ATA: 1–9 GHz, 10–110 W EIRP", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F25": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "MeerKAT", "quote": "3I/ATLAS was also observed by the MeerKAT telescope, which detected signatures of hydroxyl, which is expected as sunlight breaks down water ice in the comet into its chemical constituents.", "claim": "MeerKAT detected hydroxyl, expected as sunlight breaks down the comet's water ice", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F26": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "MeerKAT", "quote": "In parallel with these observations, the BLUSE (Breakthrough Listen User Supplied Equipment) computer at MeerKAT searched the data for technosignatures.", "claim": "BLUSE searched the MeerKAT data for technosignatures", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F27": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "MeerKAT", "quote": "No artificial radio emission was detected at a limit of 0.17 W over the 900 - 1670 MHz range, approximately equivalent to the power output of a mobile phone handset at the distance to 3I/ATLAS.", "claim": "no artificial emission at 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F28": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Parkes", "quote": "Data were recorded on July 31, 2025, September 12, 2025, and October 5, 2025. Of our three Murriyang sessions 3I/ATLAS was closest to Earth on October 5, 2025, with our observations having an expected sensitivity to transmitters with an EIRP of around 5 W. Results of the narrowband search will be posted once this has been completed.", "claim": "Parkes: three sessions, about 5 W expected at the closest; results pending", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F29": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Green Bank", "quote": "We used four receivers (L, S, C, and X) spanning frequencies of 1 - 12 GHz. At closest approach, the GBT is sensitive to transmitters with an EIRP of approximately 0.1 W, more sensitive than all previous observations. No artificial radio emission localized to 3I/ATLAS was detected.", "claim": "the GBT on 18 December 2025: 1–12 GHz, about 0.1 W, no artificial emission localized to the object", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F30": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "summary", "quote": "In summary, 3I/ATLAS continues to behave as expected from natural astrophysical processes. That said, it remains an extremely interesting target for observation given the overall rarity of interstellar objects.", "claim": "behaves as expected of natural processes; still an interesting target", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F31": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Public data", "quote": "One six-scan cadence (5 minutes per pointing) is available at each of L (scans numbered 0013 - 0018)", "claim": "the GBT L-band cadence, scans 0013–0018, public", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F32": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Public data", "quote": "Raw voltage data are in the process of being transferred from Green Bank.", "claim": "GBT raw voltages in transfer", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the thirteen: comet-frame features off the lines", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 a76d88fd743a91f7…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F33": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card snippet", "quote": "Interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, discovered July 1, 2025, exhibits natural astrophysical behavior with no detected technosignatures.", "claim": "the card: natural behaviour, no detected technosignatures", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F34": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card snippet (unreachable)", "quote": "frequencies around 1665 and 1667 MHz. This detection confirms ongoing cometary activity such as sublimation and outgassing", "claim": "a social post: the detection at 1665 and 1667 MHz confirms ongoing cometary activity", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-12 (the card)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F35": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card title (unreachable)", "quote": "A signal of approximately 1.667 GHz from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was", "claim": "a blog: a signal of about 1.667 GHz from the object", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2025-11-12 (the card)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F36": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card snippet (unreachable)", "quote": "The 1.667 GHz frequency is a prominent spectral line associated with the hydroxyl (OH) radical, not neutral hydrogen (H I).", "claim": "1.667 GHz is an OH line, distinct from neutral hydrogen", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2025-11-12 (the card)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet in the registry transcript (whitespace-normalised)" }, "F37": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "title", "quote": "We Finally Know What the Interstellar Object Crossing the Solar System Really Is — and It’s Unique", "claim": "the headline: what the object really is is now known", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-28 (datePublished; Nathalie Mayer)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 8d048a839beabcc6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F38": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶ on the signal", "quote": "when water molecules (H₂O) are expelled from a comet, they break down into hydrogen atoms (H) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) that remain in its coma. These hydroxyl radicals tend to absorb radio waves at two specific frequencies: 1665 and 1667 megahertz", "claim": "water expelled from a comet breaks into H and OH in the coma; OH absorbs at 1665 and 1667 MHz", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2025-11-28 (datePublished; Nathalie Mayer)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 8d048a839beabcc6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F39": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶ on the signal", "quote": "astronomers report that they detected a signal from 3I/Atlas precisely at those frequencies — just five days before its perihelion passage.", "claim": "the telegram: a signal at those frequencies five days before perihelion", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-28 (datePublished; Nathalie Mayer)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 8d048a839beabcc6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F40": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶ on the signal", "quote": "A radio signal that Avi Loeb and his followers might be tempted to interpret as one emitted by a huge craft from beyond our Solar System.", "claim": "Loeb and his followers might read it as a craft's emission", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-28 (datePublished; Nathalie Mayer)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 8d048a839beabcc6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F41": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶ on the signal", "quote": "This radio signal is therefore not surprising for a comet approaching the Sun — especially one that previous studies have shown to be losing large quantities of water.", "claim": "unsurprising for a comet losing much water near the Sun", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-28 (datePublished; Nathalie Mayer)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 8d048a839beabcc6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F42": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "closing ¶", "quote": "So even if Avi Loeb still refuses to accept it, everything points to 3I/Atlas being of natural origin.", "claim": "everything points to a natural origin, though Loeb refuses it", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "date": "2025-11-28 (datePublished; Nathalie Mayer)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 8d048a839beabcc6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F43": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "embedded post (Ezee, 2025-11-10)", "quote": "At 04:10 UT, Oct 24 2025, South Africa’s MeerKAT Radio Telescope detected the first-ever radio absorption lines from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS", "claim": "an embedded post: the absorption lines detected at 04:10 UT on 24 October", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-28 (datePublished; Nathalie Mayer)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 8d048a839beabcc6…), whitespace-normalised", "mark": { "mark": "contradicts_primary", "note": "the embedded post gives 04:10 UT on 24 October; the telegram's observing window is 05:17:16–08:29:37 UTC (B8 ¶1)", "with": [ "F46" ] } }, "F44": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶ on perihelion", "quote": "Then it reappeared after passing its closest point to our star, the perihelion, on October 29.", "claim": "perihelion on 29 October", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the object", "date": "2025-11-28 (datePublished; Nathalie Mayer)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 8d048a839beabcc6…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F45": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "header", "quote": "Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS ATel #17473; D. J. Pisano (University of Cape Town), Oleg M. Smirnov (Rhodes University & SARAO), Mykola Ivchenko (KTH), Lorenz Roth (KTH), Sarah Buchner (SARAO) on 4 Nov 2025; 10:28 UT", "claim": "ATel #17473, Pisano, Smirnov, Ivchenko, Roth and Buchner, 4 November 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-04", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 43d8e1c61cdfea58…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F46": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "We observed 3I/ATLAS with MeerKAT on 24 October 2025 from UTC 05:17:16-08:29:37, using the L-band receivers and the NE54M (1.633 kHz channel width) correlator mode, reaching an rms sensitivity of 1.5 mJy/beam in a 0.3 km/s channel", "claim": "the observation: 24 October 2025, 05:17:16–08:29:37 UTC, 1.5 mJy/beam in a 0.3 km/s channel", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-04", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 43d8e1c61cdfea58…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F47": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "Angular separation from the Sun at time of observation was 3.76 degrees.", "claim": "3.76 degrees from the Sun", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-04", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 43d8e1c61cdfea58…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F48": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "OH absorption was detected in both the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines.", "claim": "OH absorption in both main lines", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-04", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 43d8e1c61cdfea58…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F49": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "Gaussian fits to the two lines yielded peak fluxes of -8.4+/-3.1 mJy and -14.2+/-3.4 mJy at -15.59+/-0.16 km/s and -15.65+/-0.17 km/s for the two lines, respectively.", "claim": "peak fluxes −8.4 ± 3.1 and −14.2 ± 3.4 mJy at about −15.6 km/s", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-04", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 43d8e1c61cdfea58…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F50": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The absorption features are consistent with the expected OH level population due to the heliocentric velocity of the comet.", "claim": "absorption consistent with the level population set by the heliocentric velocity", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "absorption and emission", "date": "2025-11-04", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 43d8e1c61cdfea58…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F51": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "The detection of OH on 24 October 2025 contrasts with the MeerKAT non-detection of these lines on 20 September 2025 from 14:36:54-15:39:25 UTC (rms noise of 3 mJy/beam) and 28 September 2025 from 10:00:26-16:55:53 UTC (rms noise of 1 mJy/beam).", "claim": "non-detections on 20 and 28 September 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "date": "2025-11-04", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (sha256 43d8e1c61cdfea58…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F52": { "source": "B9", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "title", "quote": "Further MeerKAT observations of 1665/1667 MHz OH in absorption and emission, and a technosignature search in 3I/ATLAS", "claim": "ATel #17499: further OH in absorption and emission, and a technosignature search", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "absorption and emission", "date": "2025-11-18", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 557bd30b7c718e36…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F53": { "source": "B9", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "We detected both the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz OH lines in absorption on 5 November from UTC 03:54:29-05:48:05 and again on 6 November from UTC 03:50:22-11:23:46.", "claim": "both lines in absorption on 5 and 6 November", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "absorption and emission", "date": "2025-11-18", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 557bd30b7c718e36…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F54": { "source": "B9", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "Consistent with the expected OH level population due to the heliocentric velocity of the comet, we then detected the OH lines in emission on 11 November from UTC 04:11:20-07:31:01 and 12 November from UTC 03:06:42-05:42:55.", "claim": "the lines in emission on 11 and 12 November, as the level population predicts", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "absorption and emission", "date": "2025-11-18", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 557bd30b7c718e36…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F55": { "source": "B9", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "These velocities are consistent with the expected velocity of the comet.", "claim": "velocities consistent with the comet's", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "absorption and emission", "date": "2025-11-18", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 557bd30b7c718e36…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F56": { "source": "B9", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶2", "quote": "These detections contrast to the non-detection by MeerKAT of either OH line on 4 November from UTC 04:12:55-11:45:12 with an rms noise of 1.1 mJy/beam.", "claim": "no OH line on 4 November", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "absorption and emission", "date": "2025-11-18", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 557bd30b7c718e36…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F57": { "source": "B9", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶3", "quote": "A total of 23,689 signals were detected; however, all were determined to not be spatially consistent with the position of 3I/ATLAS and thus were likely caused by anthropogenic radio frequency interference (RFI).", "claim": "BLUSE: 23,689 signals, none spatially consistent with the object, likely RFI", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "2025-11-18", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 557bd30b7c718e36…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F58": { "source": "B9", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "¶3", "quote": "we established a detection limit of 0.17 W over the 900-1670 MHz range, approximately equivalent to the power output of a mobile phone handset at the distance to 3I/ATLAS, which was 334 million kilometres at the time.", "claim": "limit 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz at 334 million km", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "date": "2025-11-18", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 557bd30b7c718e36…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F59": { "source": "B10", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "lead (wikitext)", "quote": "is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion", "claim": "the neutral form of the hydroxide ion", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2026-11-06 (the article's last edit, 08:15 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B10.txt (sha256 4028573635174f89…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B10.wiki" }, "F60": { "source": "B10", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "First detection of interstellar HO•", "quote": "The first experimental evidence for the presence of 18 cm absorption lines of the hydroxyl (HO • ) radical in the radio absorption spectrum of Cassiopeia A was obtained by Weinreb et al.", "claim": "first 18 cm absorption lines toward Cassiopeia A, Weinreb et al., 1963", "modality": "documented", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2026-11-06 (the article's last edit, 08:15 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B10.txt (sha256 4028573635174f89…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B10.wiki" }, "F61": { "source": "B10", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Importance of interstellar HO• observations", "quote": "The HO • molecule has been observed in the interstellar medium since 1963 through its 18-cm transitions.", "claim": "observed since 1963 through its 18-cm transitions", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2026-11-06 (the article's last edit, 08:15 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B10.txt (sha256 4028573635174f89…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B10.wiki" }, "F62": { "source": "B10", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Interstellar formation and destruction", "quote": "is split by lambda doubling interaction … Hyperfine interaction with the unpaired spin of the proton further splits the levels.", "claim": "ground state split by lambda doubling and by hyperfine interaction", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2026-11-06 (the article's last edit, 08:15 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B10.txt (sha256 4028573635174f89…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B10.wiki" }, "F63": { "source": "B10", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "HO• masers", "quote": "were the first masers to be discovered in space and have been observed in more environments than any other type of maser.", "claim": "OH masers the first found in space", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "date": "2026-11-06 (the article's last edit, 08:15 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B10.txt (sha256 4028573635174f89…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B10.wiki" }, "F64": { "source": "B11", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "lead", "quote": "also known as C/2025 N1 (ATLAS) … is an interstellar comet … discovered on 1 July 2025 by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) station.", "claim": "an interstellar comet, C/2025 N1, discovered 1 July 2025 by ATLAS", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the object", "date": "2026-10-30 (the article's last edit, 06:43 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B11.txt (sha256 8837723a48982b2e…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B11.wiki" }, "F65": { "source": "B11", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "lead", "quote": "The prefix \"3I\" designates it as the third confirmed interstellar object passing through the Solar System", "claim": "the third confirmed interstellar object", "modality": "documented", "kind": "definition", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the object", "date": "2026-10-30 (the article's last edit, 06:43 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B11.txt (sha256 8837723a48982b2e…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B11.wiki" }, "F66": { "source": "B11", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Composition and gas emissions", "quote": "A tentative detection of water vapor and hydroxyl radicals (OH) by the Swift Observatory on 31 July and 1 August 2025 suggested that the water ice grains in 3I/ATLAS's coma are sublimating beyond the nucleus", "claim": "Swift: tentative water and OH, 31 July and 1 August 2025", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the comet's water: OH in the ultraviolet", "date": "2026-10-30 (the article's last edit, 06:43 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B11.txt (sha256 8837723a48982b2e…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B11.wiki" }, "F67": { "source": "B11", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "Alien spacecraft speculation", "quote": "On 31 July to 1 August, the Swift Observatory found tentative evidence for water vapor and OH.", "claim": "Swift's tentative OH, restated in the speculation section", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the comet's water: OH in the ultraviolet", "date": "2026-10-30 (the article's last edit, 06:43 UTC)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B11.txt (sha256 8837723a48982b2e…), whitespace-normalised; or the wikitext B11.wiki" } }, "field_sources": { "B1": "Harvard University — Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS - ADS", "B2": "WIRED — The First Radio Signal From Comet 3I/Atlas Ends the Debate About Its Nature | WIRED", "B3": "Reddit·r/amateurradio — Unexplained Radio Signals and more from 3I/Atlas : r/amateurradio - Reddit", "B4": "SETI — Breakthrough Listen observations of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS", "B5": "Facebook·The Lighter Side of Science — What is the meaning of the first radio detection from interstellar object 3I ...", "B6": "www.antihackingonline.com — A signal of approximately 1.667 GHz from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was ...", "B7": "Futura, le média qui explore le monde — We Finally Know What the Interstellar Object Crossing the Solar System ...", "B8": "The Astronomer's Telegram — ATel #17473: Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS (the detection's own text)", "B9": "The Astronomer's Telegram — ATel #17499: Further MeerKAT observations of 1665/1667 MHz OH in absorption and emission, and a technosignature search in 3I/ATLAS", "B10": "Wikipedia — Hydroxyl radical", "B11": "Wikipedia — 3I/ATLAS" }, "delta": { "T_vs_LB": "At '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (T1, seven cards, B1–B7, the disclosed pool B_D; B8 and B9, the MeerKAT team's telegrams, and B10 and B11, the Wikipedia articles, are the reference pool and stand outside this comparison, §0.3), T composes a definition, four bulleted details and a closing offer. Composed at its sources' grain or coarser: the lines and their frequencies as natural OH absorption (F10, F38, F34, F36), the molecule from water broken down by solar radiation (F38, F25), MeerKAT's detection on 24 October 2025 as the comet neared the Sun (F2, F4, F11, F39). Force raised: 'ruling out artificial origin claims' (T1-5) where the strongest field claims are WIRED's headline, 'Ends the Debate About Its Nature' (F3), and Futura's 'everything points to 3I/Atlas being of natural origin' (F42), and WIRED's article gives 'More evidence ... to support the natural origin' (F5); 'rather than alien or technological transmissions' composes F6 and F19 (a radio-frequency pattern, no spacecraft's transmission) as an exclusion of transmissions. Limit dropped: WIRED's own 'Likely not' on the theories ending (F16) and its call for continued monitoring 'to determine whether the OH production is constant or intermittent' (F14); Breakthrough Listen's 'thorough study' warranted (F22) and 'an extremely interesting target' (F30). Assigned to another: T1-7 credits 'the Green Bank Telescope and Allen Telescope Array' with confirming the OH, where card 4 gives the hydroxyl to MeerKAT (F25) and records the ATA and Green Bank as technosignature searches, the one at 10–110 W across 1–9 GHz, the other at about 0.1 W with 'No artificial radio emission localized to 3I/ATLAS' (F24, F29, F23). Composed beyond the readable cards: the Reddit discussion of 'the sharp nature of the signal and its tracking with the comet's trajectory' (T1-6), which the thread's readable snippet does not state (F18, F19; the thread unreachable); 'OH emission/absorption' (T1-7), since no card states an OH emission detection at the object (the November emission is in B9, B_R: F54). Available, not composed: the BLUSE search and its limit, 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz, the one technosignature result whose range contains the band (F26, F27); the ATA's, Parkes's and Green Bank's ranges and sensitivities (F24, F28, F29); 'No technosignatures have been detected in any of these searches' as a statement about searches (F23); the September non-detections (F11); WIRED's account of the absorption (F9) and the lines' other sites (F10, nebulae and star-forming regions); Loeb's Wow! request and remark (F12, F13) and WIRED's and Futura's lines on him (F15, F40, F42); the embedded post's time (F43); the public Green Bank cadence and the raw voltages in transfer (F31, F32). Composed without attribution: every line, at the coarse grain of reference description (recorded); the detecting team's names stand in B_R only (B8), since the ADS card refused the fetch and no readable card names them, so their absence is no finding of B_D. Content replaced by use: the closing offer (T1-8). Nothing is denied.", "T_vs_LB_reading": "v0.10 §0.5: the first diff is ontological. T and the field agree on the line: MeerKAT's OH absorption at 1665 and 1667 MHz, from water broken down in the coma. T's ontology makes the band the line and the line a verdict on the object: it raises the press's readings to an exclusion, drops the limits its own cards state on what the line settles, and turns the technosignature searches on its rail into confirmations of the line, leaving out the one search whose range contains the band. What the composition keeps out of its own cards is the band as a place searched, with ranges and floors.", "LB_vs_LBA": "Admission adds, in one claim space with the field's: the lines' place in the comet frame (D1742-06); the archive's reading of what the line bears on (CAP-1-07, SOPH-01); the notebook's tests at the band on Breakthrough Listen's public products, among them the comet's OH unrecovered at Green Bank in December (D1742-22–28, D1742-36, CAP-1-10); the bound on every null by instrument-conditioned nullity (O1450-01); the thirteen comet-frame features off the lines, with their count, dependence, fragility, unreplication, pointing question, power, drift class and the archive's own limit (D1742-01–21, D1742-29–37, D1743-02–11); the open tests (D1742-33, D1742-34, D1743-08); and the reception at the band and at the control (CAP-1, CAP-2). The archive holds no claim against a field claim: 'No technosignatures have been detected in any of these searches' (F23) stands beside the thirteen, features below every published floor that the searches were not built to see (D1743-06), short of a detection (D1743-04). One field claim stands with an archive claim held together: the raw voltages, 'in the process of being transferred' (F32) and not held by the public directory (D1742-11). The archive does not cite MeerKAT's BLUSE search (F26, F27, F57, F58); the field supplies it.", "alignment": { "T1_cards_claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33", "F34", "F35", "F36", "F37", "F38", "F39", "F40", "F41", "F42", "F43", "F44" ], "T1_composed": [ "F10", "F38", "F34", "F36", "F35", "F25", "F2", "F4", "F11", "F39", "F3", "F5", "F6", "F19", "F42", "F8", "F21", "F33" ], "T1_force_raised": [ "F3", "F5", "F42", "F6", "F19" ], "T1_limit_dropped": [ "F16", "F14", "F22", "F30" ], "T1_assigned_to_another": [ "F25", "F24", "F29", "F23" ], "T1_beyond_cards": [ "T1-6", "T1-7 (emission)" ], "T1_available_not_composed": [ "F26", "F27", "F24", "F28", "F29", "F23", "F11", "F9", "F12", "F13", "F15", "F40", "F43", "F31", "F32", "F7", "F17", "F18", "F37", "F41", "F1" ], "B_R_only": [ "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F50", "F51", "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56", "F57", "F58", "F59", "F60", "F61", "F62", "F63", "F64", "F65", "F66", "F67" ], "LBA_adds": [ "CAP-1-01", "CAP-1-02", "CAP-1-03", "CAP-1-04", "CAP-1-05", "CAP-1-06", "CAP-1-07", "CAP-1-08", "CAP-1-09", "CAP-1-10", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12", "CAP-1-13", "CAP-1-14", "CAP-1-15", "CAP-1-16", "CAP-2-01", "CAP-2-02", "CAP-2-03", "CAP-2-04", "CAP-2-05", "CAP-2-06", "CAP-2-07", "D1742-01", "D1742-02", "D1742-03", "D1742-04", "D1742-05", "D1742-06", "D1742-07", "D1742-08", "D1742-09", "D1742-10", "D1742-11", "D1742-12", "D1742-13", "D1742-14", "D1742-15", "D1742-16", "D1742-17", "D1742-18", "D1742-19", "D1742-20", "D1742-21", "D1742-22", "D1742-23", "D1742-24", "D1742-25", "D1742-26", "D1742-27", "D1742-28", "D1742-29", "D1742-30", "D1742-31", "D1742-32", "D1742-33", "D1742-34", "D1742-35", "D1742-36", "D1742-37", "D1743-01", "D1743-02", "D1743-03", "D1743-04", "D1743-05", "D1743-06", "D1743-07", "D1743-08", "D1743-09", "D1743-10", "D1743-11", "O1450-01", "SOPH-01" ] }, "pool_note": "T against L_F(B_D): B1–B7; L_F(B) against L(B ∪ A): B1–B11 with A" }, "kernel": [ { "K": "K1", "claim": "`D1742-06`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the lines", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field gives the lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz (F10, F38) without their place in the comet frame", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K2", "claim": "`CAP-1-07`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "what the line says", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "qualified claim: F3 (the debate ended), F5 (evidence for a natural origin); the archive bounds what the line bears on", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K3", "claim": "`SOPH-01`", "source": "sophistry measure, first run (#1727)", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "what the line says", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "qualified claim: F8 (consistent with typical comet activity), F34 (confirms ongoing activity)", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K4", "claim": "`D1742-23`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "searches at the band", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "missing distinction: no field claim on comet-frame windows at the lines in MeerKAT's hit lists", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K5", "claim": "`D1742-24`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "searches at the band", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field reports the October and November detections (F48, F53, F54) and no attempt at Green Bank in December", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K6", "claim": "`O1450-01`", "source": "#1450", "M_src": "stipulation", "sense": "searches at the band", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "qualified claim: F23 (no technosignature in any search), F27, F29 (limits stated by range and power)", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K7", "claim": "`D1742-01`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the thirteen", "qualifiers carried": "D1742-02, D1742-04, D1742-05, D1742-15, D1742-16, D1742-17", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "D1742-12 (replication: three or more held-out channels; a held-out session with the thirteen frozen, D1742-33, D1743-08)", "contrast": "missing distinction: no field claim on comet-frame features at the band below the published floors", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K8", "claim": "`D1742-07`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the thirteen", "qualifiers carried": "D1742-06", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field composes the band's reports as the OH line (T1-1, T1-7); the archive places the thirteen off it", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K9", "claim": "`D1742-12`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "documented", "sense": "the thirteen", "qualifiers carried": "D1742-13, D1742-19, D1742-18", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "D1742-33, D1743-08 (a new session at 1665–1668 MHz with the frequencies and rule fixed in advance)", "contrast": "missing distinction", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K10", "claim": "`D1742-30`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the thirteen", "qualifiers carried": "D1742-31, D1743-06", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "qualified claim: F23 (no technosignature detected), F27, F29 (the floors); the thirteen sit below them, in the negative-drift class", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K11", "claim": "`D1742-32`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "self-description", "sense": "the thirteen", "qualifiers carried": "D1743-04, D1743-09, D1743-10", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "none: the archive's own limit on its features", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K12", "claim": "`D1742-20`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the thirteen", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "the Green Bank antenna record for 05:08:17–05:13:15 UTC (D1742-35): off target would make a source on the object very unlikely", "contrast": "missing distinction", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K13", "claim": "`D1743-07`", "source": "#1743", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "the thirteen", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "qualified claim: F24 (the ATA at 10–110 W), read as unable to see C03 (D1742-21)", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K14", "claim": "`CAP-1-12`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "reception", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "missing distinction: the field files nothing at the band beside the line; the registry reads the composition as leaving the band one file", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K15", "claim": "`CAP-1-14`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "hypothesis", "sense": "reception", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "rerun the address after #1742 is indexed; record whether the thirteen, or any feature off the OH line, are composed", "contrast": "none: the registry's countertest", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K16", "claim": "`CAP-2-03`", "source": "Capture Registry", "M_src": "interpretation", "sense": "reception", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "— (none stated; watch: a later composition at the address that states or drops the claim, attributed or not (uptake §8.3))", "contrast": "none: the control's baseline", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" }, { "K": "K17", "claim": "`D1742-33`", "source": "#1742", "M_src": "hypothesis", "sense": "what would settle it", "qualifiers carried": "—", "f (source's own falsifiers)": "a session at 1665–1668 MHz with the GBT's sensitivity on another date", "contrast": "none", "resolver": "a later capture at '3i atlas 1667 mhz' (ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0) on Google AI Overview, seated in the Capture Registry (§8.3); for the thirteen, also a held-out observation at 1665–1668 MHz" } ], "kernel_T": [ { "claim": "F27", "note": "Breakthrough Listen's BLUSE limit, 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz (card 4), the one technosignature result whose range contains the band, absent" }, { "claim": "F26", "note": "the BLUSE search itself (card 4), absent" }, { "claim": "F29", "note": "Green Bank's 1–12 GHz search at about 0.1 W with no emission localized to the object (card 4), absent; T credits Green Bank with confirming the OH" }, { "claim": "F24", "note": "the ATA's 1–9 GHz search at 10–110 W (card 4), absent; T credits the ATA with confirming the OH" }, { "claim": "F16", "note": "WIRED's own 'Likely not' on the theories ending (card 2), absent" }, { "claim": "F14", "note": "WIRED's call for continued monitoring of the OH production (card 2), absent" }, { "claim": "F22", "note": "Breakthrough Listen's 'thorough study' warranted (card 4), absent" }, { "claim": "F11", "note": "the September non-detections (card 2), absent" }, { "claim": "F9", "note": "WIRED's account of why the lines appeared in absorption (card 2), absent" }, { "claim": "F31", "note": "the public Green Bank L-band cadence (card 4), where the thirteen were found, absent" } ], "ledger": { "archive": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz/ledger-archive.json", "field": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/ledgers/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz/field.json", "selection": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/traversal/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz/", "config": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/panel/configs/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz.json", "intake": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/", "audit": null }, "ontology": { "composition": "equal", "composition_note": "equal-terms case (v0.9 §0.9, §4.1, unchanged in v0.10): one claim space; the field's and the archive's claims ordered together by genealogy within each sense; the field's claims composed as received, the archive's as claims on the same band at the same object", "case": { "value": "equal", "statement": "The archive reads the field's entity as the entity. The capture record finds the detection accurate at its grain and reads the composition's moves against it (CAP-1-06, CAP-1-03); the notebook takes the comet's OH lines as the natural line to check its features against (D1742-06, D1742-07) and runs its own tests at the band on the public data the field's searches published (D1742-22–28, D1742-36); the public account calls the band 'near a frequency where comets naturally glow (the hydroxyl line)' (D1743-01). None reads the band as made by reception or supplies an ontology the field lacks: they add the thirteen, the tests, the bound on the nulls and the reception, on the field's object. ρ = extends; the equal-terms case.", "loci": [ { "dep": "capture-registry", "locus": "3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106, findings[0]", "quote": "WHAT IS ACCURATE. The detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025 (the ADS card: 'We observed 3I/ATLAS with MeerKAT on 24 October 2025 from UTC 05:17:16-08:29:37'), OH absorption at the 1665 and 1667 MHz main lines, from water outgassed by the comet and broken up by sunlight." }, { "dep": 1742, "locus": "§7.5 (line 387)", "quote": "Natural line checked: cometary OH would fall within about ±11 kHz of 1667.359 or 1665.402 MHz in the comet frame. The nearest of the thirteen, C08 at 1667.412866 MHz, is 54 kHz away. The thirteen do not trace the comet's OH." }, { "dep": 1742, "locus": "§7.15 (line 407)", "quote": "it does not recur in fifteen L-band channels of the same scans, in the S-band channel (§7.8), or at Parkes (§7.13). Its status: a reproducible, beam-sided excess in one 2.93 MHz channel, sensitive to normalization and threshold, unreplicated." }, { "dep": 1743, "locus": "Thirteen features under the floor ¶3 (line 99)", "quote": "We took a narrow slice of that data, 2.93 MHz wide around 1667 MHz, near a frequency where comets naturally glow (the hydroxyl line)." }, { "dep": 1450, "locus": "§3.2 (line 158)", "quote": "A null result constrains only those hypotheses for which the end-to-end acceptance of the acquisition and analysis chain is sufficiently characterized." } ] }, "E_F": { "type": "C (public entity: a radio band at an astronomical object)", "definition": "the band as its cards and reference sources give it: the hydroxyl radical's 18 cm main lines at 1665 and 1667 MHz at the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1, discovered 1 July 2025, the third confirmed interstellar object, perihelion 29 October 2025), where MeerKAT detected OH absorption in both lines on 24 October 2025 (ATel #17473, Pisano, Smirnov, Ivchenko, Roth and Buchner; peak fluxes −8.4 and −14.2 mJy) after non-detections in September, and found the lines again in absorption on 5–6 November and in emission on 11–12 November (ATel #17499), from water broken down by sunlight in the coma; read in the press as more evidence for a natural origin and, in WIRED's headline, as ending the debate about the object's nature, with WIRED's article expecting the theories to persist and asking for continued monitoring; Breakthrough Listen finds no evidence of anything other than a natural object and judges thorough study warranted; technosignature searches whose ranges contain the band: MeerKAT's BLUSE at 0.17 W over 900–1670 MHz, the ATA across 1–9 GHz at 10–110 W, Parkes at about 5 W (results pending) and Green Bank across 1–12 GHz at about 0.1 W, none finding a technosignature; Wikipedia's article on the object has no radio section", "claims": [ "F10", "F38", "F59", "F61", "F64", "F65", "F44", "F45", "F48", "F49", "F51", "F53", "F54", "F25", "F5", "F3", "F16", "F14", "F21", "F22", "F26", "F27", "F58", "F24", "F28", "F29", "F23" ] }, "E_A": { "definition": "the same band at the object, in the archive's notebook (#1742), its public account (#1743) and the Capture Registry's records: the comet's OH lines at their place in the comet's frame (within about 11 kHz of 1665.402 and 1667.359 MHz), which with the spectroscopy establish its natural activity and bear on nothing a transmitter would or would not do; the notebook's own tests at the band on Breakthrough Listen's public products (no MeerKAT hit at the lines or at 1663–1667 MHz, the ATA's July counts at chance, the zero-drift class empty, the comet's OH unrecovered at Green Bank in December); thirteen comet-frame features in Green Bank coarse channel 7 (1665.53–1668.46 MHz, 18 December 2025), 13 clusters against 3.75 ± 2.05 for forty false accelerations, off the OH lines (the nearest 54 kHz away), reproducible and dependent on the ON assignment, fragile under normalization and threshold, unreplicated, below every published floor and in the negative-drift class, short of a detection and unexplained; the searches' nulls bounded by instrument-conditioned nullity (#1450); and the composition at the band that files every report there under the line", "claims": [ "D1742-06", "SOPH-01", "CAP-1-07", "D1742-22", "D1742-23", "D1742-26", "D1742-28", "D1742-24", "D1742-01", "D1742-07", "D1742-02", "D1742-05", "D1742-12", "D1742-30", "D1743-04", "D1742-32", "O1450-01", "CAP-1-11", "CAP-1-12" ], "defining_papers": [ 1742, 1743, 1450 ], "defining_records": [ "Capture Registry entry 3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106 (OBS-822a5cb98c2f, AXN:0C18), https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106/", "Capture Registry entry 3i-atlas-hydroxyl-aio-20261106 (OBS-5ee8ab84df2e, AXN:0C1A), the control, https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/3i-atlas-hydroxyl-aio-20261106/", "the sophistry measure's first run (EA-SOPHISTRY-01, #1727), rebuild/3i-atlas-signal-search/claude/run-2026-11-03/sophistry/FINDINGS-sophistry.md, S3" ] }, "rho": { "value": "extends", "status": "read from the defining papers (#1742 §0.2, §5.3, §6, §7, §8.5, §9.3, §9.5, §9.6, §9.12, §10.3, §10.11; #1743, 'Thirteen features under the floor' and 'What would settle it'; #1450 §3.2), the two capture records and the sophistry run, 2026-11-06", "statement": "The archive reads the band as its cards and telegrams present it, with the comet's OH detection at its grain (CAP-1-06: 'WHAT IS ACCURATE'), and adds on the same object: the lines' place in the comet frame (D1742-06); what the line bears on, the comet's activity and nothing a transmitter would or would not do (CAP-1-07, SOPH-01); the notebook's tests at the band on the public products (D1742-22–28); the thirteen comet-frame features off the lines, with their limits (D1742-01–21, D1742-30–37, D1743-02–11); the bound on the searches' nulls (O1450-01); the open tests (D1742-33, D1742-34, D1743-08); and the reception (CAP-1, CAP-2). No archive claim contradicts a field claim: the thirteen sit beside 'No technosignatures have been detected in any of these searches' (F23) as features below every published floor that the searches did not look for, which the archive states fall short of a detection (D1743-04, D1742-32).", "claims": [ "CAP-1-06", "D1742-06", "CAP-1-07", "SOPH-01", "D1742-01", "D1742-07", "D1742-12", "D1742-30", "D1742-32", "D1743-04", "O1450-01", "D1742-33", "CAP-1-11" ], "guard": "ρ = extends claims an addition and no more: the archive's claims do not make the field's sources wrong at their dates; the thirteen are composed at the notebook's own grade (reproducible, fragile, unreplicated, short of a detection) and raise no field claim's force or lower one; the comet's OH line stays a distinct entity, a part of the band, in the disambiguation.", "considered": [ { "value": "constructs", "rejected": "the archive does not read the band or its OH line as made by reception; it takes the MeerKAT detection as the record (CAP-1-06)" }, { "value": "revises", "rejected": "the band is not the archive's own entity; no archive text narrows or withdraws an earlier archive statement of it" } ] }, "translation": [ { "lineage": "the lines: OH 18 cm main lines", "field_claims": [ "F10", "F25", "F35", "F36", "F38", "F59", "F60", "F61", "F62", "F63" ], "received": "F10 (B2, ¶4): \"The hydroxyl radical (OH) can absorb or emit radiation at specific frequencies (such as the 1665 and 1667 MHz lines) due to transitions in its energy levels. These OH spectral lines have been detected in nebulae, comets, and star-forming regions.\" | F25 (B4, MeerKAT): \"3I/ATLAS was also observed by the MeerKAT telescope, which detected signatures of hydroxyl, which is expected as sunlight breaks down water ice in the comet into its chemical constituents.\" | F35 (B6, card title (unreachable)): \"A signal of approximately 1.667 GHz from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was\" | F36 (B6, card snippet (unreachable)): \"The 1.667 GHz frequency is a prominent spectral line associated with the hydroxyl (OH) radical, not neutral hydrogen (H I).\" | F38 (B7, ¶ on the signal): \"when water molecules (H₂O) are expelled from a comet, they break down into hydrogen atoms (H) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) that remain in its coma. These hydroxyl radicals tend to absorb radio waves at two specific frequencies: 1665 and 1667 megahertz\" | F59 (B10, lead (wikitext)): \"is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion\" | F60 (B10, First detection of interstellar HO•): \"The first experimental evidence for the presence of 18 cm absorption lines of the hydroxyl (HO • ) radical in the radio absorption spectrum of Cassiopeia A was obtained by Weinreb et al.\" | F61 (B10, Importance of interstellar HO• observations): \"The HO • molecule has been observed in the interstellar medium since 1963 through its 18-cm transitions.\" | F62 (B10, Interstellar formation and destruction): \"is split by lambda doubling interaction … Hyperfine interaction with the unpaired spin of the proton further splits the levels.\" | F63 (B10, HO• masers): \"were the first masers to be discovered in space and have been observed in more environments than any other type of maser.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside D1742-06, D1743-01", "archive_claims": [ "D1742-06", "D1743-01" ] }, { "lineage": "the object", "field_claims": [ "F20", "F44", "F64", "F65" ], "received": "F20 (B4, ¶1): \"The interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was discovered on July 1, 2025.\" | F44 (B7, ¶ on perihelion): \"Then it reappeared after passing its closest point to our star, the perihelion, on October 29.\" | F64 (B11, lead): \"also known as C/2025 N1 (ATLAS) … is an interstellar comet … discovered on 1 July 2025 by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) station.\" | F65 (B11, lead): \"The prefix \"3I\" designates it as the third confirmed interstellar object passing through the Solar System\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "the detection: MeerKAT, 24 October 2025", "field_claims": [ "F1", "F2", "F4", "F7", "F11", "F39", "F43", "F45", "F46", "F47", "F48", "F49", "F51" ], "received": "F1 (B1, card title): \"Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS - ADS\" | F2 (B1, card snippet (unreachable)): \"We observed 3I/ATLAS with MeerKAT on 24 October 2025 from UTC 05:17:16-08:29:37, using the L-band receivers and the NE54M (1.633 kHz channel width)\" | F4 (B2, card snippet): \"Detection: South Africa's MeerKAT radio telescope detected the first radio signal from interstellar object 3I/Atlas on October 24, 2025.\" | F7 (B2, ¶2): \"\"OH absorption was detected on the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines,\" according to the researchers\" | F11 (B2, ¶5): \"The detection was possible on October 24, five days before 3I/Atlas reached its closest point to the sun. MeerKAT attempted to detect radio signals earlier, on September 20 and 28, although it was unsuccessful.\" | F39 (B7, ¶ on the signal): \"astronomers report that they detected a signal from 3I/Atlas precisely at those frequencies — just five days before its perihelion passage.\" | F43 (B7, embedded post (Ezee, 2025-11-10)): \"At 04:10 UT, Oct 24 2025, South Africa’s MeerKAT Radio Telescope detected the first-ever radio absorption lines from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS\" | F45 (B8, header): \"Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS ATel #17473; D. J. Pisano (University of Cape Town), Oleg M. Smirnov (Rhodes University & SARAO), Mykola Ivchenko (KTH), Lorenz Roth (KTH), Sarah Buchner (SARAO) on 4 Nov 2025; 10:28 UT\" | F46 (B8, ¶1): \"We observed 3I/ATLAS with MeerKAT on 24 October 2025 from UTC 05:17:16-08:29:37, using the L-band receivers and the NE54M (1.633 kHz channel width) correlator mode, reaching an rms sensitivity of 1.5 mJy/beam in a 0.3 km/s channel\" | F47 (B8, ¶1): \"Angular separation from the Sun at time of observation was 3.76 degrees.\" | F48 (B8, ¶1): \"OH absorption was detected in both the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines.\" | F49 (B8, ¶1): \"Gaussian fits to the two lines yielded peak fluxes of -8.4+/-3.1 mJy and -14.2+/-3.4 mJy at -15.59+/-0.16 km/s and -15.65+/-0.17 km/s for the two lines, respectively.\" | F51 (B8, ¶1): \"The detection of OH on 24 October 2025 contrasts with the MeerKAT non-detection of these lines on 20 September 2025 from 14:36:54-15:39:25 UTC (rms noise of 3 mJy/beam) and 28 September 2025 from 10:00:26-16:55:53 UTC (rms noise of 1 mJy/beam).\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-06", "archive_claims": [ "CAP-1-06" ] }, { "lineage": "absorption and emission", "field_claims": [ "F9", "F50", "F52", "F53", "F54", "F55", "F56" ], "received": "F9 (B2, ¶3): \"The lines appear as absorption because 3I/Atlas was very close to the sun and the observing geometry favors absorption over emission.\" | F50 (B8, ¶1): \"The absorption features are consistent with the expected OH level population due to the heliocentric velocity of the comet.\" | F52 (B9, title): \"Further MeerKAT observations of 1665/1667 MHz OH in absorption and emission, and a technosignature search in 3I/ATLAS\" | F53 (B9, ¶1): \"We detected both the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz OH lines in absorption on 5 November from UTC 03:54:29-05:48:05 and again on 6 November from UTC 03:50:22-11:23:46.\" | F54 (B9, ¶1): \"Consistent with the expected OH level population due to the heliocentric velocity of the comet, we then detected the OH lines in emission on 11 November from UTC 04:11:20-07:31:01 and 12 November from UTC 03:06:42-05:42:55.\" | F55 (B9, ¶2): \"These velocities are consistent with the expected velocity of the comet.\" | F56 (B9, ¶2): \"These detections contrast to the non-detection by MeerKAT of either OH line on 4 November from UTC 04:12:55-11:45:12 with an rms noise of 1.1 mJy/beam.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "the comet's water: OH in the ultraviolet", "field_claims": [ "F66", "F67" ], "received": "F66 (B11, Composition and gas emissions): \"A tentative detection of water vapor and hydroxyl radicals (OH) by the Swift Observatory on 31 July and 1 August 2025 suggested that the water ice grains in 3I/ATLAS's coma are sublimating beyond the nucleus\" | F67 (B11, Alien spacecraft speculation): \"On 31 July to 1 August, the Swift Observatory found tentative evidence for water vapor and OH.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received (no archive claim in this lineage)", "archive_claims": [] }, { "lineage": "what the line says of the object's nature", "field_claims": [ "F3", "F5", "F6", "F8", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17", "F18", "F19", "F21", "F22", "F30", "F33", "F34", "F37", "F40", "F41", "F42" ], "received": "F3 (B2, title): \"The First Radio Signal From Comet 3I/Atlas Ends the Debate About Its Nature\" | F5 (B2, ¶1): \"More evidence has emerged to support the natural origin of comet 3I/Atlas\" | F6 (B2, ¶2): \"this isn't a radio signal like a transmission emitted by a spacecraft. It's instead a radio frequency pattern detected by MeerKAT\" | F8 (B2, ¶3): \"What MeerKAT specifically detected were lines of radio absorption by hydroxyl radicals, that is, OH molecules, a pattern that would be consistent with typical comet activity.\" | F12 (B2, ¶5 (Loeb, quoted)): \"I encouraged radio observatories like MeerKAT to search for radio emission from 3I/ATLAS given that the arrival direction of 3I/ATLAS coincided to within 9 degrees with the arrival direction of the Wow! Signal detected in 1977 at a frequency of 1.4204556 gigahertz\" | F13 (B2, ¶6 (Loeb, quoted)): \"no radio detection of 3I/ATLAS has been reported so far, other than the OH absorption signal.\" | F14 (B2, ¶6): \"continued monitoring of the object would need to be conducted to determine whether the OH production is constant or intermittent\" | F15 (B2, ¶7): \"Loeb has been has been among the most vocal advocates of the hypothesis that 3I/Atlas has a technological origin.\" | F16 (B2, ¶8): \"Will the MeerKAT detection be enough to put an end to conspiracy theories about 3I/Atlas? Likely not\" | F17 (B2, footer): \"This story first appeared on WIRED en Español and has been translated from Spanish.\" | F18 (B3, card title): \"Unexplained Radio Signals and more from 3I/Atlas : r/amateurradio - Reddit\" | F19 (B3, card snippet (unreachable)): \"December 15, 2025 — 3I/ATLAS Radio Signal: While a radio signal was detected from 3I/ATLAS, some sources indicate it is not a transmission from a spacecraft but a radio frequency p\" | F21 (B4, ¶1): \"There is currently no evidence to suggest that it is anything other than a natural astrophysical object.\" | F22 (B4, ¶1): \"However, given the small number of such objects known (only three to date), and the plausibility of interstellar probes as a technosignature (a sign of extraterrestrial intelligence) … thorough study is warrant\" | F30 (B4, summary): \"In summary, 3I/ATLAS continues to behave as expected from natural astrophysical processes. That said, it remains an extremely interesting target for observation given the overall rarity of interstellar objects.\" | F33 (B4, card snippet): \"Interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, discovered July 1, 2025, exhibits natural astrophysical behavior with no detected technosignatures.\" | F34 (B5, card snippet (unreachable)): \"frequencies around 1665 and 1667 MHz. This detection confirms ongoing cometary activity such as sublimation and outgassing\" | F37 (B7, title): \"We Finally Know What the Interstellar Object Crossing the Solar System Really Is — and It’s Unique\" | F40 (B7, ¶ on the signal): \"A radio signal that Avi Loeb and his followers might be tempted to interpret as one emitted by a huge craft from beyond our Solar System.\" | F41 (B7, ¶ on the signal): \"This radio signal is therefore not surprising for a comet approaching the Sun — especially one that previous studies have shown to be losing large quantities of water.\" | F42 (B7, closing ¶): \"So even if Avi Loeb still refuses to accept it, everything points to 3I/Atlas being of natural origin.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-07, SOPH-01", "archive_claims": [ "CAP-1-07", "SOPH-01" ] }, { "lineage": "technosignature searches at the band", "field_claims": [ "F23", "F24", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F31", "F57", "F58" ], "received": "F23 (B4, ¶2): \"No technosignatures have been detected in any of these searches.\" | F24 (B4, Allen Telescope Array): \"Data were acquired across frequencies of 1 - 9 GHz, reaching sensitivities between 10 - 110 W equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP).\" | F26 (B4, MeerKAT): \"In parallel with these observations, the BLUSE (Breakthrough Listen User Supplied Equipment) computer at MeerKAT searched the data for technosignatures.\" | F27 (B4, MeerKAT): \"No artificial radio emission was detected at a limit of 0.17 W over the 900 - 1670 MHz range, approximately equivalent to the power output of a mobile phone handset at the distance to 3I/ATLAS.\" | F28 (B4, Parkes): \"Data were recorded on July 31, 2025, September 12, 2025, and October 5, 2025. Of our three Murriyang sessions 3I/ATLAS was closest to Earth on October 5, 2025, with our observations having an expected sensitivity to transmitters with an EIRP of around 5 W. Results of the narrowband search will be posted once this has been completed.\" | F29 (B4, Green Bank): \"We used four receivers (L, S, C, and X) spanning frequencies of 1 - 12 GHz. At closest approach, the GBT is sensitive to transmitters with an EIRP of approximately 0.1 W, more sensitive than all previous observations. No artificial radio emission localized to 3I/ATLAS was detected.\" | F31 (B4, Public data): \"One six-scan cadence (5 minutes per pointing) is available at each of L (scans numbered 0013 - 0018)\" | F57 (B9, ¶3): \"A total of 23,689 signals were detected; however, all were determined to not be spatially consistent with the position of 3I/ATLAS and thus were likely caused by anthropogenic radio frequency interference (RFI).\" | F58 (B9, ¶3): \"we established a detection limit of 0.17 W over the 900-1670 MHz range, approximately equivalent to the power output of a mobile phone handset at the distance to 3I/ATLAS, which was 334 million kilometres at the time.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-10, D1742-22, D1742-23, D1742-24, D1742-25, D1742-26, D1742-27, D1742-28, D1742-36, O1450-01", "archive_claims": [ "CAP-1-10", "D1742-22", "D1742-23", "D1742-24", "D1742-25", "D1742-26", "D1742-27", "D1742-28", "D1742-36", "O1450-01" ] }, { "lineage": "the thirteen: comet-frame features off the lines", "field_claims": [ "F32" ], "received": "F32 (B4, Public data): \"Raw voltage data are in the process of being transferred from Green Bank.\"", "receiving_text": "—", "translation": "untranslated: composed as received beside CAP-1-04, D1742-01, D1742-02, D1742-03, D1742-04, D1742-05, D1742-07, D1742-08, D1742-09, D1742-10, D1742-11, D1742-12, D1742-13, D1742-14, D1742-15, D1742-16, D1742-17, D1742-18, D1742-19, D1742-20, D1742-21, D1742-30, D1742-31, D1742-32, D1742-35, D1742-37, D1743-02, D1743-03, D1743-04, D1743-05, D1743-06, D1743-07, D1743-09, D1743-10, D1743-11", "archive_claims": [ "CAP-1-04", "D1742-01", "D1742-02", "D1742-03", "D1742-04", "D1742-05", "D1742-07", "D1742-08", "D1742-09", "D1742-10", "D1742-11", "D1742-12", "D1742-13", "D1742-14", "D1742-15", "D1742-16", "D1742-17", "D1742-18", "D1742-19", "D1742-20", "D1742-21", "D1742-30", "D1742-31", "D1742-32", "D1742-35", "D1742-37", "D1743-02", "D1743-03", "D1743-04", "D1743-05", "D1743-06", "D1743-07", "D1743-09", "D1743-10", "D1743-11" ] } ], "receiving_texts": "equal-terms case: every field claim composed as received, beside the archive claims it stands with; no receiving text" }, "measure": { "rule": "v0.9 §4.10 (unchanged in v0.10): KO_B sentences surviving in the KO at similarity ≥ 0.95, with positions (computed as apply_v09.py does: difflib.SequenceMatcher ratio, the best KO sentence for each KO_B sentence)", "v0.10": { "surviving": 0, "of": 10, "positions": [ null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null ] }, "v0.9": { "surviving": 0, "of": 10, "positions": [ null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null ] }, "opening_run": { "rule": "§5.10 (equal-terms case): the field-only KO's sentences as the KO's opening run in their own order", "breach": false }, "blocks": { "rule": "§4.1 (equal-terms case): the KO does not open with the field as a block or close with the archive as one; sentences typed by the ledgers of the claims they cite (F field-only, A archive-only, M both)", "sequence": "MFFFFMMMFFFFFAFFFFFFFFFFAAAMAMMAAAAAAAAAAMMAAMAAMMAAA", "field_only_head": 0, "archive_only_tail": 3, "breach": false, "note": "the KO closes with the reception (the Capture Registry's readings of the composition at the band and the control), archive records by kind; the thirteen run as archive sentences because the field holds no claim on them" }, "max_similarity": [ 0.552, 0.334, 0.311, 0.346, 0.347, 0.356, 0.409, 0.325, 0.441, 0.33 ], "ko_sentence_1_max_similarity_to_KO_B": 0.28 }, "homonyms": { "names": [ "the comet's OH line (the MeerKAT OH detection in 3I/ATLAS, 24 October 2025)" ], "basis": "No card is a homonym: all seven concern the object at the band. At the query '3i atlas 1667 mhz' T composes the comet's own OH line as the band's one meaning (CAP-1-11, CAP-1-12; the capture's q_kind: 'a band at an object'), a neighbouring entity: the line is a part of the band, and the band also holds the searches made in it and the notebook's thirteen, off the line (D1742-07). The line stays a distinct entity in the disambiguation, never the sense of the band.", "distinct_entities": [ "the comet's OH line at 1665 and 1667 MHz, the MeerKAT detection of 24 October 2025 (ATel #17473; F48, B8), the entity T composes; a part of the band", "the OH 18 cm lines as a molecular transition anywhere (interstellar clouds, masers; F60–F63, B10), of which the comet's lines are an instance", "3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1), the object, a row of its own (https://www.alexanarch.org/non/3i-atlas/) (F64, B11)", "the thirteen comet-frame features of #1742 §7, the archive's features at the band (D1742-01), named for no frequency of their own", "the 1420 MHz hydrogen line and the 1977 Wow! signal, named beside the band by Loeb in WIRED (F12) and by the card distinguishing 1.667 GHz from neutral hydrogen (F36)", "Swift's ultraviolet OH detection of July and August 2025 (F66, F67), the same molecule seen at another wavelength", "the ATA's technosignature search (Sheikh et al.), a row of its own (https://www.alexanarch.org/non/ata-3i-atlas-search/) (F24)", "Avi Loeb's position on 3I/ATLAS, a row of its own (https://www.alexanarch.org/non/avi-loeb-3i-atlas/) (F12, F13, F15)", "Breakthrough Listen's BLUSE search at MeerKAT (F26, F57), a search whose range contains the band" ] }, "notes": [ "One address, Google AI Overview (expanded), signed out, incognito, 2026-11-06: 3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106 (OBS-822a5cb98c2f, ADDR-5cc034f5e6d0, AXN:0C18.CAPTURE.🔼🌋🟢🌈📜🎯), seven cards, 158 words in the answer body with a closing offer; a NEW address (CAP-1-16). Address page: https://www.alexanarch.org/addresses/3i-atlas-1667-mhz/ ; capture: https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106/. The paste (rebuild/capture-registry/intake-20261106-3i-atlas-four/paste-1667-mhz-aio.txt) is copied into the intake folder byte for byte, sha256 def7c1dd7b71ff0aaba64413b08dcf9e4680f6ac0fd48ed8d8f259ef212b0106 (equal to the registry's transcript_raw).", "The control: '3i atlas hydroxyl', 3i-atlas-hydroxyl-aio-20261106 (OBS-5ee8ab84df2e, ADDR-c475d444b26b, AXN:0C1A.CAPTURE.🀄👁️⏫🌒♻️🔒), three cards (Loeb's Medium essay of 8 November 2025, Phys.org, the arXiv water-production paper), 107 words; a further observation beside T, outside B_D; its transcript saved as datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/C1-3i-atlas-hydroxyl-aio-20261106.txt; its findings ledgered as CAP-2-01–07. Address page: https://www.alexanarch.org/addresses/3i-atlas-hydroxyl/ ; capture: https://www.alexanarch.org/captures/3i-atlas-hydroxyl-aio-20261106/.", "Fetching: with curl and the agent 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; alexanarch-non)' on 2026-11-06 between 15:22 and 15:25 UTC, raw and text with sha256 in field.json. Card 1 (the ADS record) refused: HTTP 405, a JavaScript human-verification page, and was not retried; its text is ATel #17473, fetched at astronomerstelegram.org (B8, B_R). Card 3 (Reddit) and card 5 (Facebook): URLs not determined. Card 6 (antihackingonline.com): URL not determined, and the site's root and search page failed TLS verification (self-signed certificate) and were not retried by any other route. ATel #17523, which cites #17473, was fetched and read (an X-ray report) and not admitted. Google redirect links in the paste were not fetched.", "Pools (v0.10 §0.3, §3.1(a)): B_D = B1–B7 (44 claims), B_R = B8, B9 (the MeerKAT team's telegrams, own pages of the detection) and B10, B11 (Wikipedia 'Hydroxyl radical' and '3I/ATLAS') (23 claims).", "Wikipedia (reported): the article '3I/ATLAS' (last edited 30 October 2026) has no radio section; it names neither MeerKAT, the OH radio detection, 1665 or 1667 MHz, Breakthrough Listen, the ATA nor Green Bank, and gives OH only through Swift's tentative ultraviolet detection (F66, F67). The brief's 'at its radio section' finds no such section. 'Hydroxyl radical' (last edited 6 November 2026) gives the 18 cm lines without their frequencies in its prose and names no comet.", "Capture findings the field ledger shows wrong or needing qualification (reported for the session and left as they stand): (1) per_note 'Lost: the authors' holds against B_R only: the detecting team is named in ATel #17473 (B8), and no readable card of T names it, since card 1, the ADS record, refused the fetch and its snippet gives no authors; at B_D the authors are not available to lose (§3.1(a): a source of B_R alone cannot show what the composition had). (2) findings[2] stands and can be widened from the card itself: card 4, on T's own rail, records the ATA and Green Bank as technosignature searches and gives the hydroxyl to MeerKAT (F24, F25, F29). (3) The findings do not record the one result on T's own rail whose range contains the band: MeerKAT's BLUSE search, 'No artificial radio emission was detected at a limit of 0.17 W over the 900 - 1670 MHz range' (card 4, F27; ATel #17499, F58); the composition leaves it out (available, not composed). (4) T1-7's 'emission/absorption': an OH emission detection at the object stands in ATel #17499 (B_R, F54), on no card of T; the findings do not separate the two. (5) findings[0] and findings[1] stand; findings[3]'s 'the Reddit thread's tracking with the comet's trajectory' is T's wording, which the thread's readable snippet does not carry (F19; the thread unreachable).", "#1742 and #1743 (reported for the session and left as they stand): (1) #1742 §2.1 counts the published radio searches as the ATA, Green Bank and FAST, §9.3 and §9.6 reason over 'the three published searches', and #1743 opens 'Three teams published radio searches'; the field records a fourth whose range contains the band, MeerKAT's BLUSE search (ATel #17499, 18 November 2025: 23,689 signals, none spatially consistent with the object, 'a detection limit of 0.17 W over the 900-1670 MHz range'; Breakthrough Listen's page, card 4). No deposit cites ATel #17473, #17499 or BLUSE (string pass, 2026-11-06). The thirteen's placement 'below every published floor' (§9.3; #1743) still holds: C03's descriptive 26 mW lies below 0.17 W, and the BLUSE search ran on 5 November, another date. (2) #1742 §7.5 gives both comet-frame OH lines, 1665.402 and 1667.359 MHz, as the natural lines checked; the thirteen's channel, coarse channel 7, spans 1665.53–1668.46 MHz and holds only the 1667 line, the 1665 line lying in the neighbouring channel (5 against 5.7 ± 2.2, §6); the 54 kHz figure for C08 is correct against 1667.359 (recomputed from claude/oh13/oh13_candidates.csv: C08 1667.412866 MHz, 53.9 kHz; the nearest to 1665.402 is C01 at 202.8 kHz). (3) #1743 calls the line 'a frequency where comets naturally glow (the hydroxyl line)' and the comet's 'own hydroxyl emission'; the October detection beside which the thirteen are checked was absorption (ATel #17473), and emission came in November (ATel #17499). (4) The CAP-1 finding quoting #1742's calibration row drops the row's closing clause 'near the October strength of the deeper line'; the quotation is otherwise verbatim.", "Field observations (reported): WIRED's quotation of the researchers ('detected on the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines') differs in wording from ATel #17473 ('detected in both the 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz lines') (F7, mark); a post embedded in Futura gives 04:10 UT for the detection, before the telegram's window of 05:17:16–08:29:37 UTC (F43, contradicts_primary); WIRED gives the absorption to proximity and observing geometry, the team to the level population set by the heliocentric velocity (F9, F50, contested); Breakthrough Listen's page still gives the ATA paper as submitted and the Parkes results as pending (F24 context, F28).", "Cross-links: the other rows https://www.alexanarch.org/non/avi-loeb-3i-atlas/ , https://www.alexanarch.org/non/ata-3i-atlas-search/ , https://www.alexanarch.org/non/3i-atlas/ ; #1742 https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/1742/ and #1743 https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/1743/ ; the notebook's pages https://www.lagrangeobservatory.org/atlas and https://www.provenanceerasure.org/atlas ; the public piece https://www.semanticeconomy.org/firm-no ; #1450 https://www.alexanarch.org/s/records/1450/ ; the sophistry run https://www.alexanarch.org/rebuild/3i-atlas-signal-search/claude/run-2026-11-03/sophistry/FINDINGS-sophistry.md ; the thirteen's table https://www.alexanarch.org/rebuild/3i-atlas-signal-search/claude/oh13/oh13_candidates.csv ; external sources read: https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=17473 , https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=17499 , https://seti.berkeley.edu/atlas/ , https://www.wired.com/story/the-first-radio-signal-from-comet-3i-atlas-ends-debate-about-its-nature/ , https://www.futura-sciences.com/en/we-finally-know-what-the-interstellar-object-crossing-the-solar-system-really-is-and-its-unique_21730/ , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_radical , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3I/ATLAS ; the public data https://bldata.berkeley.edu/ATLAS/ .", "Neighbouring entity: T composes the comet's OH line as the band's one meaning; the line is composed in the KO as a part of the band, and stays a distinct entity in the disambiguation (homonyms).", "Composer: a Claude model; the archive's notebook records Claude as one of the investigation's machine collaborators (#1742 front matter), so the composer belongs to a system that produced the archive claims it composes. Recorded for the reader; the ledgers carry every claim by locus." ], "composition": { "source": "this row (composed directly under the brief rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROWS-3I-ATLAS.md, with v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LAYER.md)", "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-06", "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "defining_material_read": [ { "what": "the specification v0.10", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B79-text.md", "read": "whole (§0–§11 and the appendices)" }, { "what": "the briefs", "file": "rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROWS-3I-ATLAS.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LAYER.md; v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md, -LABOR.md, -LEFT.md, BRIEF.md (Compose)", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the captures", "file": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json entries 3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106 and 3i-atlas-hydroxyl-aio-20261106; rebuild/capture-registry/intake-20261106-3i-atlas-four/paste-1667-mhz-aio.txt, paste-hydroxyl-aio.txt", "read": "whole (transcripts read for T and the delta only)" }, { "what": "#1742 What the Filters Kept", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0C17-text.md", "read": "§0–§13 whole (the SPXI packet by its keys)" }, { "what": "#1743 A Firm No", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0C1C-text.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the sophistry measure's first run", "file": "rebuild/3i-atlas-signal-search/claude/run-2026-11-03/sophistry/FINDINGS-sophistry.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "#454 THE ATLAS PERIHELION PRANK", "file": "data/texts/AXN-010F-text.md", "read": "whole, for what bears on the band (nothing)" }, { "what": "#1450 The Iceberg Document", "file": "data/texts/AXN-05DB-text.md", "read": "§3.2 and its paragraph" }, { "what": "the thirteen", "file": "rebuild/3i-atlas-signal-search/claude/oh13/oh13_candidates.csv, README.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "field texts", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B1–B11", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the exemplar row", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/the-pile.json (and its ledgers, reading, config)", "read": "structure field by field" } ], "cuts": [], "notes": "equal case; KO 53 sentences, 67 of 67 field and 73 of 73 archive claims cited; P body 330 words" }, "composition_v09": { "source": "this row (composed directly under the brief rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROWS-3I-ATLAS.md, with v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LAYER.md)", "composer": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-06", "spec": "EA-NEGONT-02 v0.10 (#1726)", "defining_material_read": [ { "what": "the specification v0.10", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0B79-text.md", "read": "whole (§0–§11 and the appendices)" }, { "what": "the briefs", "file": "rebuild/negative-of-the-negative/v010/BRIEF-NEW-ROWS-3I-ATLAS.md, BRIEF-NEW-ROW-LAYER.md; v09/BRIEF-NEW-ROW-AGGREGATOR.md, -LABOR.md, -LEFT.md, BRIEF.md (Compose)", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the captures", "file": "data/EA-WG-CAPTURES-01.json entries 3i-atlas-1667-mhz-aio-20261106 and 3i-atlas-hydroxyl-aio-20261106; rebuild/capture-registry/intake-20261106-3i-atlas-four/paste-1667-mhz-aio.txt, paste-hydroxyl-aio.txt", "read": "whole (transcripts read for T and the delta only)" }, { "what": "#1742 What the Filters Kept", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0C17-text.md", "read": "§0–§13 whole (the SPXI packet by its keys)" }, { "what": "#1743 A Firm No", "file": "data/texts/AXN-0C1C-text.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the sophistry measure's first run", "file": "rebuild/3i-atlas-signal-search/claude/run-2026-11-03/sophistry/FINDINGS-sophistry.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "#454 THE ATLAS PERIHELION PRANK", "file": "data/texts/AXN-010F-text.md", "read": "whole, for what bears on the band (nothing)" }, { "what": "#1450 The Iceberg Document", "file": "data/texts/AXN-05DB-text.md", "read": "§3.2 and its paragraph" }, { "what": "the thirteen", "file": "rebuild/3i-atlas-signal-search/claude/oh13/oh13_candidates.csv, README.md", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "field texts", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B1–B11", "read": "whole" }, { "what": "the exemplar row", "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/rows/the-pile.json (and its ledgers, reading, config)", "read": "structure field by field" } ], "cuts": [], "notes": "equal case; KO 53 sentences, 67 of 67 field and 73 of 73 archive claims cited; P body 330 words" }, "field_by_origin": { "cards": [ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B7" ], "own_pages": [ "B8", "B9" ], "own_pages_note": "the detection's own texts, the MeerKAT team's telegrams #17473 and #17499 on astronomerstelegram.org; #17473 is the work card 1 indexes (its ADS record), carried in B_R because the card names the ADS record and the ADS record refused the fetch; ATel #17523, which cites #17473, is an X-ray report and was read and not admitted", "wikipedia": [ "B10", "B11" ], "census_third_party": [], "unreachable": [ "B1", "B3", "B5", "B6" ], "title_only": [ "B1", "B3", "B5", "B6" ], "wikipedia_state": "'3I/ATLAS' (rendered HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:24:26Z, wikitext 200; no redirect; last edited 30 October 2026): the article has no radio section; it names neither MeerKAT, the OH radio detection, 1665 or 1667 MHz, Breakthrough Listen, the Allen Telescope Array nor the Green Bank Telescope, and gives OH only through Swift's tentative ultraviolet detection (F66, F67); 'Hydroxyl radical' (rendered 200 at 2026-11-06T15:24:25Z, wikitext 200; no redirect; last edited 6 November 2026, 08:15 UTC): its astronomy section gives the 18 cm absorption lines toward Cassiopeia A (1963), the 18-cm transitions, lambda doubling and hyperfine splitting and OH masers (F59–F63); its prose gives no line frequency (1,667 Mc/s appears only in a cited title) and names no comet. Neither article is on T's rail: both stand in B_R.", "pools": { "B_D": [ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B7" ], "B_R": [ "B8", "B9", "B10", "B11" ], "note": "v0.10 §0.3, §3.1(a): B_D, every card on T's rail; the body names no source beyond the cards (MeerKAT, Reddit, the Green Bank Telescope and the Allen Telescope Array are facilities and a platform it composes, with no source named); B_R, the detection's own telegrams and the two Wikipedia articles the brief names. T against L_F(B_D) uses B1–B7 alone." }, "sources": [ { "id": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 1 (the ADS record of ATel #17473)", "card": "Harvard University — Detection of 1665/1667 MHz OH absorption in 3I/ATLAS - ADS", "url": null, "kind": "Overview card", "files": { "B1-try.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B1-try.html", "sha256": "0bcb2335d3849cea71a6951bb97f7eecc3eb6cd640bc0abe7a400dcc98753c45" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-06T15:23:26Z", "http": 405, "url": null, "tried": "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025ATel17473....1P/abstract (bibcode built from the ATel's own ADS link, bibstem ATel17473, first author Pisano)", "wikitext": null, "result": "unreachable: HTTP 405, a human-verification page that requires JavaScript (saved as B1-try.html); not retried by any other route; the card's title and snippet stand as its text; its abstract is the text of ATel #17473 (B8), carried in B_R" }, "date": "2025-11-04 (the ATel the record indexes)", "claims": [ "F1", "F2" ], "names_operator": "yes (the ADS record of the MeerKAT team's telegram; authors not on the card)", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, Nobel Glas, Orin Trace, #1742, #1743 in the saved text, card title or snippet)" }, { "id": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 2", "card": "WIRED — The First Radio Signal From Comet 3I/Atlas Ends the Debate About Its Nature | WIRED", "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/the-first-radio-signal-from-comet-3i-atlas-ends-debate-about-its-nature/", "kind": "Overview card", "files": { "B2.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B2.html", "sha256": "47b7114664a91cb73426c4acd59b08b9957f952871c9aea62e6a8e6492f051e7" }, "B2.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B2.txt", "sha256": "db20fbf346b876429590cda04f4f22e6e08e777ea4a6e976c8d152bc5df6ae23" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-06T15:23:48Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/the-first-radio-signal-from-comet-3i-atlas-ends-debate-about-its-nature/", "tried": null, "wikitext": null, "result": "card; B2.html sha256 47b7114664a91cb7, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:48Z" }, "date": "2025-11-10 (datePublished; Javier Carbajal, translated from WIRED en Español)", "claims": [ "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12", "F13", "F14", "F15", "F16", "F17" ], "names_operator": "yes (MeerKAT, SARAO; \"the researchers\")", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, Nobel Glas, Orin Trace, #1742, #1743 in the saved text, card title or snippet)" }, { "id": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 3", "card": "Reddit·r/amateurradio — Unexplained Radio Signals and more from 3I/Atlas : r/amateurradio - Reddit", "url": null, "kind": "Overview card", "files": {}, "fetched": { "at": null, "http": null, "url": null, "tried": null, "wikitext": null, "result": "unreachable: the thread's URL could not be determined from the card (three WebSearch queries, one refused by the search proxy); no fetch; the card's title and snippet stand as its text" }, "date": "2025-12-15 (the card)", "claims": [ "F18", "F19" ], "names_operator": "no (card text only)", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, Nobel Glas, Orin Trace, #1742, #1743 in the saved text, card title or snippet)" }, { "id": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 4 (Breakthrough Listen's 3I/ATLAS page)", "card": "SETI — Breakthrough Listen observations of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS", "url": "https://seti.berkeley.edu/atlas/", "kind": "Overview card", "files": { "B4.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B4.html", "sha256": "ed9308f5083ceaa752ae9b9e0555592780b8295a85b2b8c234d2bf6ca94c8978" }, "B4.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B4.txt", "sha256": "a76d88fd743a91f70b6bfe081967dd6888ae1d11b4d08a4cab0e62f8e628fa96" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-06T15:23:48Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://seti.berkeley.edu/atlas/", "tried": null, "wikitext": null, "result": "card; B4.html sha256 ed9308f5083ceaa7, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:48Z" }, "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06; it reports the GBT observation of 2025-12-18)", "claims": [ "F20", "F21", "F22", "F23", "F24", "F25", "F26", "F27", "F28", "F29", "F30", "F31", "F32", "F33" ], "names_operator": "yes (MeerKAT, BLUSE, the ATA, Parkes, Green Bank)", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, Nobel Glas, Orin Trace, #1742, #1743 in the saved text, card title or snippet)" }, { "id": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 5", "card": "Facebook·The Lighter Side of Science — What is the meaning of the first radio detection from interstellar object 3I ...", "url": null, "kind": "Overview card", "files": {}, "fetched": { "at": null, "http": null, "url": null, "tried": null, "wikitext": null, "result": "unreachable: the post's URL could not be determined (one WebSearch query); no fetch; the card's title and snippet stand as its text" }, "date": "2025-11-12 (the card)", "claims": [ "F34" ], "names_operator": "no (card text only)", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, Nobel Glas, Orin Trace, #1742, #1743 in the saved text, card title or snippet)" }, { "id": "B6", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 6", "card": "www.antihackingonline.com — A signal of approximately 1.667 GHz from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was ...", "url": null, "kind": "Overview card", "files": {}, "fetched": { "at": null, "http": null, "url": null, "tried": "https://www.antihackingonline.com/?s=3I%2FATLAS and https://www.antihackingonline.com/", "wikitext": null, "result": "unreachable: the post's URL could not be determined (two WebSearch queries), and the site's root and search page failed TLS verification (self-signed certificate) at 2026-11-06T15:23:48Z; not retried by any other route; the card's title and snippet stand as its text" }, "date": "2025-11-12 (the card)", "claims": [ "F35", "F36" ], "names_operator": "no (card text only)", "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, Nobel Glas, Orin Trace, #1742, #1743 in the saved text, card title or snippet)" }, { "id": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "role": "Overview card 7", "card": "Futura, le média qui explore le monde — We Finally Know What the Interstellar Object Crossing the Solar System ...", "url": "https://www.futura-sciences.com/en/we-finally-know-what-the-interstellar-object-crossing-the-solar-system-really-is-and-its-unique_21730/", "kind": "Overview card", "files": { "B7.html": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B7.html", "sha256": "dde669574619afe5b8f759a031aae014047e4e8d518da4972df2dda7bca2c548" }, "B7.txt": { "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/3i-atlas-1665-1668-mhz-20261106/B7.txt", "sha256": "8d048a839beabcc6ec772be9390121ee25e00f6e764934348f799534654df7ac" } }, "fetched": { "at": "2026-11-06T15:24:25Z", "http": 200, "url": "https://www.futura-sciences.com/en/we-finally-know-what-the-interstellar-object-crossing-the-solar-system-really-is-and-its-unique_21730/", "tried": null, "wikitext": null, "result": "card; 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