{
 "row": "newsguard-ai-tracking-center",
 "address": "newsguard ai tracking center",
 "addresses": [
  "newsguard ai tracking center"
 ],
 "extracted": "2026-10-29",
 "extractor": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, one extractor (unaudited, §3.8)",
 "rule": "v0.9 §3.5, source-neutral: opening, defined terms, headline claims, stated limits; quotes verbatim from the saved page texts (whitespace-normalised for the check; a multi-part quote joined by ' … ', each part checked), the raw wikitext for the short description, and the saved Special:Search response for the absence; checked by script; third-party text (Wikipedia) quoted in short spans",
 "B_note": "The field B (§0.4, §3.1(a)), three origins kept apart: 'card', the five cards on T's rail (B1–B5), every one NewsGuard's own domain; 'own_page', the entity's own pages the MMRS record cites or the task names (the center's page, B1, and the 2023 launch release, B4), both also cards and carried once, as cards, so no own page stands outside the rail; 'wikipedia' (B6): no article for the center (title variants 404, no redirect, full-text search empty), the operator's article NewsGuard read and ledgered for what it says about AI, and the absence recorded as a claim (F67). All five cards fetched (HTTP 200); none unreachable.",
 "lineage_note": "Lineages: what it is: generative AI in misinformation and unreliable news (F1, F42); what it holds: a selection of NewsGuard's AI reports, insights and debunks (F2, F17, F26, F27); the occasion: generative AI and content farms (F3, F46); the count (F4, F41, F44, F45); who compiles it (F5); what the sites are like (F6); the economics: programmatic advertising (F7, F8, F47, F48, F49, F50); access: the full list on request (F9, F51); the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria (F10, F11, F12, F13, F14, F15, F16, F43); the series: the AI False Claim(s) Monitor (F18, F19, F20, F28, F29, F30, F31, F32, F35); reports held: chatbots, AI video, state propaganda, publishers blocking chatbots (F21, F22, F23, F24, F25, F34); NewsGuard's products for AI companies (F33, F36, F37, F38, F39, F40, F53); the operator: NewsGuard (F52, F54, F59, F60, F61, F62); NewsGuard's products for brands: Brand Misinformation Monitoring (F55, F56, F57, F58); the encyclopedia: NewsGuard's AI audits (F63, F64, F65, F66); the encyclopedia: the center absent (F67). The center's page and the launch release share two paragraphs nearly word for word (the revenue model, F7/F49; the full list on request, F9/F51): one lineage each, the 2023 release the earliest instance. The unit is one lineage across its rename: 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites (B4, 2023, F43) and 'AI Content Farm' sites by four criteria (B1, 2026); the rename is a revision within the source family and keeps the earliest date.",
 "pages": "saved files under datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/ (Bn.html raw, Bn.txt text with scripts and styles stripped by a stdlib HTMLParser extractor; B6.wiki raw wikitext; B6-search*.html/.txt the Special:Search responses); sha256 per file in each source's 'files'; T1-newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029.txt the registry's transcript string",
 "field": [
  {
   "id": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 1 at T1 (newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029); also an own page of the entity, carried once, as a card",
   "card": "NewsGuard — Tracking AI-enabled Misinformation: 3,749 AI Content Farm sites (and Counting), Plus the Top False Claims Generated by Artificial Intelligence Tools - NewsGuard",
   "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-reports/ai-tracking-center/",
   "kind": "the center's own page (special report, 'Last Updated June 23, 2026'); also the own page the MMRS record cites",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029",
     "card": 1
    }
   ],
   "own_page": "yes: the own page the MMRS record cites (sources 'newsguardtech.com/special-reports/ai-tracking-center', read 2026-10-28)",
   "files": {
    "B1.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B1.html",
     "sha256": "b8b3e0e8b8f2aea4939149fd4c1c69773427bc39a5da77788bbce7f004896c38"
    },
    "B1.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B1.txt",
     "sha256": "f1762ff5b7fe3e9578d1af936f47da0f82d052bd6873a8aa572c8e3a000180ad"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-29T05:07:16Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/special-reports/ai-tracking-center/",
    "how": "curl -sSL -m 30 -A 'Mozilla/5.0'",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B1.html",
    "raw_sha256": "b8b3e0e8b8f2aea4939149fd4c1c69773427bc39a5da77788bbce7f004896c38",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B1.txt"
    ],
    "text_sha256": "f1762ff5b7fe3e9578d1af936f47da0f82d052bd6873a8aa572c8e3a000180ad"
   },
   "card_title": "Tracking AI-enabled Misinformation: 3,749 AI Content Farm sites (and Counting), Plus the Top False Claims Generated by Artificial Intelligence Tools - NewsGuard",
   "card_snippet": "AI Content Farms: 3,749 identified across 16 languages producing unedited AI articles with generic news layouts and deceptive human presentation, funded by prog...",
   "card_note": null,
   "found_by": "the MMRS record's source URL; WebSearch confirms it ranks for the card's title",
   "names_operator": "yes ('NewsGuard' in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, MMRS, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)"
  },
  {
   "id": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 2 at T1 (newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029)",
   "card": "NewsGuard — AI False Claims Monitor - NewsGuard",
   "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/ai-false-claims-monitor/",
   "kind": "NewsGuard page of the series, the AI False Claims Monitor (the hosted series, a distinct entity composed in its own row)",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029",
     "card": 2
    }
   ],
   "own_page": "no (NewsGuard's page, not the center's)",
   "files": {
    "B2.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B2.html",
     "sha256": "18cce1f6eab47c0bbdc041084c01eaa999cc11acdf8f17f1ff87c300cc14062c"
    },
    "B2.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B2.txt",
     "sha256": "c5a60b0da5631ec13a9198d976d82f2d160f3fc89849f7fbc4857ab336e84d2c"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-29T05:08:00Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/ai-false-claims-monitor/",
    "how": "curl -sSL -m 30 -A 'Mozilla/5.0'",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B2.html",
    "raw_sha256": "18cce1f6eab47c0bbdc041084c01eaa999cc11acdf8f17f1ff87c300cc14062c",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B2.txt"
    ],
    "text_sha256": "c5a60b0da5631ec13a9198d976d82f2d160f3fc89849f7fbc4857ab336e84d2c"
   },
   "card_title": "AI False Claims Monitor - NewsGuard",
   "card_snippet": "Overview: NewsGuard's AI False Claims Monitor (launched July 2024) measures AI trustworthiness in news, utilizing a journalistic red-teaming approach and False ...",
   "card_note": null,
   "found_by": "WebSearch for the snippet's 'launched July 2024' and 'journalistic red-teaming' returned newsguardtech.com/?p=30618 (title 'AI False Claims Monitor'), which redirects to /ai-false-claims-monitor-method/; that page carries neither phrase; /ai-false-claims-monitor/ (same title) carries both ('Since its launch in July 2024', 'Our Journalistic Red-Teaming Approach') and is the card; the methodology page was probed, not saved",
   "names_operator": "yes ('NewsGuard' in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, MMRS, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)"
  },
  {
   "id": "B3",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 3 at T1 (newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029)",
   "card": "NewsGuard — Artificial Intelligence - NewsGuard",
   "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/industries/artificial-intelligence/",
   "kind": "NewsGuard industry page 'Artificial Intelligence' (NewsGuard for AI: its commercial datastreams)",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029",
     "card": 3
    }
   ],
   "own_page": "no (NewsGuard's page, not the center's)",
   "files": {
    "B3.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B3.html",
     "sha256": "96f64dfa3dd77551b6bf376d25c37af762c94a0763477e3371a17dc92c1a7820"
    },
    "B3.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B3.txt",
     "sha256": "9cf722cabe36140285d9f5c776cc55645bfddc8eb48db3ebf8e0a5f41d8829b4"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-29T05:08:01Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/industries/artificial-intelligence/",
    "how": "curl -sSL -m 30 -A 'Mozilla/5.0'",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B3.html",
    "raw_sha256": "96f64dfa3dd77551b6bf376d25c37af762c94a0763477e3371a17dc92c1a7820",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B3.txt"
    ],
    "text_sha256": "9cf722cabe36140285d9f5c776cc55645bfddc8eb48db3ebf8e0a5f41d8829b4"
   },
   "card_title": "Artificial Intelligence - NewsGuard",
   "card_snippet": "Source Reliability Ratings: Human-labeled datastream assessing 35,000 news and information sources using apolitical journalistic criteria to ensure quality trai...",
   "card_note": null,
   "found_by": "the title 'Artificial Intelligence - NewsGuard' located by probing newsguardtech.com paths (/artificial-intelligence/ redirects to /industries/artificial-intelligence/); the page carries the snippet's 'Source Reliability Ratings' and '35,000 news and information sources'",
   "names_operator": "yes ('NewsGuard' in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, MMRS, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)"
  },
  {
   "id": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 4 at T1 (newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029); also an own page of the entity, carried once, as a card",
   "card": "NewsGuard — NewsGuard Launches Tracking Center for AI-Generated News",
   "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/press/newsguard-launches-tracking-center-for-ai-generated-news/",
   "kind": "NewsGuard press release, 8 June 2023: the center's launch (the own page the task names)",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029",
     "card": 4
    }
   ],
   "own_page": "yes: the launch release the task names as an own page",
   "files": {
    "B4.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B4.html",
     "sha256": "2ba67f597de4afb3f7f1c6a08cf2a9de8f31a508d39fff24140bfc00916f9dcb"
    },
    "B4.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B4.txt",
     "sha256": "ad201e628d3868a36ab3aaef798d33bfa52da64f5bfc77f3692ed76111ba0eda"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-29T05:08:02Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/press/newsguard-launches-tracking-center-for-ai-generated-news/",
    "how": "curl -sSL -m 30 -A 'Mozilla/5.0'",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B4.html",
    "raw_sha256": "2ba67f597de4afb3f7f1c6a08cf2a9de8f31a508d39fff24140bfc00916f9dcb",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B4.txt"
    ],
    "text_sha256": "ad201e628d3868a36ab3aaef798d33bfa52da64f5bfc77f3692ed76111ba0eda"
   },
   "card_title": "NewsGuard Launches Tracking Center for AI-Generated News",
   "card_snippet": "Jun 8, 2023 — The tracker features 150 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' websites as well as NewsGuard reports, insights, and debunks about false narratives and ...",
   "card_note": null,
   "found_by": "WebSearch for the card's title returned the press URL",
   "names_operator": "yes ('NewsGuard' in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, MMRS, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)"
  },
  {
   "id": "B5",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 5 at T1 (newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029)",
   "card": "NewsGuard — Brand Misinformation Monitoring Service - NewsGuard",
   "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/solutions/brand-misinformation-monitoring-service/",
   "kind": "NewsGuard product page, Brand Misinformation Monitoring Service (a commercial product, a distinct entity)",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "newsguard-ai-tracking-center-aio-20261029",
     "card": 5
    }
   ],
   "own_page": "no (NewsGuard's page, not the center's)",
   "files": {
    "B5.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B5.html",
     "sha256": "0d53455b4cc4b485c7173f8abf7afb4d62b1ebfea6214a130a1746b5076d5b1c"
    },
    "B5.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B5.txt",
     "sha256": "1f11ed98d0f500f75bfa9306dbc64145ac10fbf7ae964db50234b6ae1e96ca8e"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-29T05:08:03Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://www.newsguardtech.com/solutions/brand-misinformation-monitoring-service/",
    "how": "curl -sSL -m 30 -A 'Mozilla/5.0'",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B5.html",
    "raw_sha256": "0d53455b4cc4b485c7173f8abf7afb4d62b1ebfea6214a130a1746b5076d5b1c",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B5.txt"
    ],
    "text_sha256": "1f11ed98d0f500f75bfa9306dbc64145ac10fbf7ae964db50234b6ae1e96ca8e"
   },
   "card_title": "Brand Misinformation Monitoring Service - NewsGuard",
   "card_snippet": "Service: NewsGuard Brand Misinformation Monitoring Service provides real-time tracking of false narratives by journalistically-trained analysts to prevent reput...",
   "card_note": null,
   "found_by": "WebSearch for the card's title returned the solutions URL",
   "names_operator": "yes ('NewsGuard' in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, MMRS, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)"
  },
  {
   "id": "B6",
   "origin": "wikipedia",
   "role": "Wikipedia: no article for the entity; the operator's article, NewsGuard, read for what it says about AI",
   "card": "Wikipedia — NewsGuard (the operator's article; the center has none)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewsGuard",
   "kind": "Wikipedia article (the operator's)",
   "surfaced_by_T": "no (not surfaced by T; admitted beside the cards by the operator's ruling of 2026-10-29)",
   "files": {
    "B6.wiki": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6.wiki",
     "sha256": "c08d687b7d20af61938d252914e0a7c0e5303e7c343cc7f59a2d50b7dcd0db72"
    },
    "B6.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6.html",
     "sha256": "66b53f1bc1ad3275bb6aaf2fbd298c92aa3502d901c8fb63fbbb8a7c2e841e31"
    },
    "B6.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6.txt",
     "sha256": "1529aeb3b0b927f1a0c8de602af1251e510b86b3c1d1d849c7029e4f6f1e4566"
    },
    "B6-search.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6-search.html",
     "sha256": "e38de62ce47e6c7cc18187a3571f02694fc7dcb83eb8172c0619c26ce07602d7"
    },
    "B6-search.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6-search.txt",
     "sha256": "6725f6ee977e21f89c80b9a7e1e20221e36b4997843e5beb9b8d943709778261"
    },
    "B6-search-uain.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6-search-uain.html",
     "sha256": "5265d6fad1bff2304d2336c3f6c419f4b6cfb4595d092493c676e641d44d1ba2"
    },
    "B6-search-uain.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6-search-uain.txt",
     "sha256": "c3b6e634ce5ca69303eb7d3c83fa5313e1f50ca457a532b115fcdd4dac786780"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-29T05:07:16Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NewsGuard&action=raw",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6.wiki",
    "raw_sha256": "c08d687b7d20af61938d252914e0a7c0e5303e7c343cc7f59a2d50b7dcd0db72",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6.txt",
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6-search.txt"
    ],
    "rendered": {
     "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewsGuard",
     "at": "2026-10-29T05:08:03Z",
     "http": 200,
     "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6.html",
     "sha256": "66b53f1bc1ad3275bb6aaf2fbd298c92aa3502d901c8fb63fbbb8a7c2e841e31"
    }
   },
   "requests": [
    {
     "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NewsGuard&action=raw",
     "http": 200,
     "at": "2026-10-29T05:07:16Z",
     "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6.wiki"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NewsGuard&redirect=no&action=raw",
     "http": 200,
     "at": "2026-10-29T05:09:12Z",
     "note": "the title is an article, not a redirect"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NewsGuard_AI_Tracking_Center&action=raw",
     "http": 404,
     "at": "2026-10-29T05:09:11Z"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AI_Tracking_Center&action=raw",
     "http": 404,
     "at": "2026-10-29T05:09:11Z"
    },
    {
     "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22AI+Tracking+Center%22&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1",
     "http": 200,
     "at": "2026-10-29T05:09:12Z",
     "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6-search.html",
     "says": "There were no results matching the query."
    },
    {
     "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22Unreliable+AI-Generated+News%22&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1",
     "http": 200,
     "at": "2026-10-29T05:09:31Z",
     "file": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/newsguard-ai-tracking-center-20261029/B6-search-uain.html",
     "says": "There were no results matching the query."
    }
   ],
   "names_operator": "yes (the article is the operator's)",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, MMRS, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "note": "No Wikipedia article for the center under its name or its 2023 name; no redirect; a full-text search of articles for the quoted phrases 'AI Tracking Center' and 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' returns no result. The operator's article (raw wikitext B6.wiki, rendered B6.html/B6.txt) has a section 'Disinformation in AI' (the chatbot audits) and none on the center, its catalogue or content farms; the strings 'Tracking Center', 'content farm' and 'UAIN' are absent from the wikitext and the rendered text. Its short description files NewsGuard as a browser plugin. Outside this origin, not ledgered: Wikipedia's 'Content farm' article names a 2023 NewsGuard report on brands supporting AI-driven content farms (found by a control search for \"NewsGuard\" \"content farm\", which also returned Pink-slime journalism and three other articles); it does not name the center."
  }
 ],
 "field_claims": {
  "F1": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶2 (opening)",
   "quote": "This AI Tracking Center is intended to highlight the ways that generative AI has been deployed to turbocharge misinformation operations and unreliable news.",
   "claim": "what it is, in its own words: a center highlighting how generative AI has been deployed to turbocharge misinformation operations and unreliable news",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "what it is: generative AI in misinformation and unreliable news",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F2": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶2",
   "quote": "The Center includes a selection of NewsGuard’s reports, insights, and debunks related to artificial intelligence.",
   "claim": "it includes a selection of NewsGuard's AI reports, insights and debunks",
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   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "what it holds: a selection of NewsGuard's AI reports, insights and debunks",
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  },
  "F3": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶1",
   "quote": "From unreliable AI-generated news outlets operating with little to no human oversight, to fabricated images produced by AI image generators, the rollout of generative artificial intelligence tools has been a boon to content farms and misinformation purveyors alike.",
   "claim": "the rollout of generative AI has been a boon to content farms and misinformation purveyors",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kind": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the occasion: generative AI and content farms",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F4": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶3",
   "quote": "To date, NewsGuard’s team has identified 3,749 AI Content Farm news and information websites spanning 16 languages: Arabic, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Tagalog, Thai, and Turkish.",
   "claim": "the count: 3,749 AI Content Farm sites in 16 languages, named",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the count",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F5": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "byline",
   "quote": "Coverage by McKenzie Sadeghi, Dimitris Dimitriadis, Virginia Padovese, Giulia Pozzi, Sara Badilini, Chiara Vercellone, Natalie Huet, Zack Fishman, Leonie Pfaller, and Natalie Adams | Last Updated June 23, 2026",
   "claim": "compiled by ten named NewsGuard analysts; last updated 23 June 2026",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "attribution",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "who compiles it",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F6": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶4",
   "quote": "These websites – which typically feature generic names such as Times Business News and Business Post – also tend to churn out dozens of articles a day and are often the originators of false claims including about top brands, public health, political leaders and celebrities.",
   "claim": "the sites: generic names, dozens of articles a day, often originators of false claims",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "what the sites are like",
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  },
  "F7": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶4",
   "quote": "In many cases, the revenue model for these websites is programmatic advertising under which the ad-tech industry delivers ads without regard to the nature or quality of the website.",
   "claim": "in many cases their revenue model is programmatic advertising delivered without regard to the site's nature or quality",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the economics: programmatic advertising",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F8": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶4",
   "quote": "Unless brands take steps to exclude untrustworthy sites, their ads will continue to appear on these types of sites, creating an economic incentive for their creation at scale.",
   "claim": "unless brands exclude them, ads will keep funding the sites, an incentive for their creation at scale",
   "modality": "hypothesis",
   "kind": "prediction",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the economics: programmatic advertising",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F9": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶5",
   "quote": "Researchers, platforms, advertisers, government agencies, and other institutions interested in accessing the full list of domains or who want details about our services for generative AI companies can contact us here.",
   "claim": "the full list of domains is given on request, beside NewsGuard's services for generative AI companies (the list is not on the page)",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "limit",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "access: the full list on request",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F10": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "criteria, head",
   "quote": "The domains included on this tracker meet all four of the following criteria:",
   "claim": "admission: a domain meets all four criteria",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
   "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 f1762ff5b7fe3e95…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F11": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "criterion 1",
   "quote": "There is clear evidence that a substantial portion of the site’s content is produced by AI.",
   "claim": "criterion 1: a substantial portion of the content produced by AI",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
   "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 f1762ff5b7fe3e95…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F12": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "criterion 2",
   "quote": "Equally important, there is strong evidence that the content is being published without significant human oversight.",
   "claim": "criterion 2: published without significant human oversight",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
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  },
  "F13": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "criterion 2, example",
   "quote": "For example, numerous articles might contain error messages or other language specific to chatbot responses, indicating that the content was produced by AI tools without adequate editing.",
   "claim": "the sign of criterion 2: chatbot error messages in the articles",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "function",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
   "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 f1762ff5b7fe3e95…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F14": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "criterion 2, parenthesis",
   "quote": "(It is likely that now or in the future many news sites will use AI tools but also deploy effective human oversight; they will not be considered AI Content Farms.)",
   "claim": "the governing limit: sites that use AI with effective human oversight are not AI Content Farms",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "limit",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
   "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 f1762ff5b7fe3e95…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F15": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "criterion 3",
   "quote": "The site is presented in a way that an average reader could assume that its content is produced by human writers or journalists, because the site has a layout, generic or benign name, or other content typical to news and information websites.",
   "claim": "criterion 3: presented so an average reader could assume human writers or journalists",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
   "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 f1762ff5b7fe3e95…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F16": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "criterion 4",
   "quote": "The site does not clearly disclose that its content is produced by AI.",
   "claim": "criterion 4: no clear disclosure that the content is AI-produced",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
   "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 f1762ff5b7fe3e95…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F17": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports, head",
   "quote": "Below is a selection of NewsGuard’s reports and research related to AI:",
   "claim": "the page lists a selection of NewsGuard's AI reports and research",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "what it holds: a selection of NewsGuard's AI reports, insights and debunks",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F18": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports, the series (first item)",
   "quote": "Quarterly audit of the 11 leading generative AI tools and their propensity — more than 28% — to repeat false claims on controversial topics in the news.",
   "claim": "the series' quarterly audit: 11 tools repeating false claims more than 28% of the time",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the series: the AI False Claim(s) Monitor",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  "F19": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports, the series",
   "quote": "NewsGuard’s audit of the 10 leading generative AI tools and their propensity to repeat false claims on topics in the news reveals the rate of publishing false information nearly doubled — now providing false claims to news prompts more than one third of the time.",
   "claim": "an audit: the false-claim rate nearly doubled, more than one third of the time",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the series: the AI False Claim(s) Monitor",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  },
  "F20": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports, the series (last item)",
   "quote": "July 2024 — NewsGuard Monthly AI Misinformation Monitor of Leading AI Chatbots",
   "claim": "the series' first edition listed: July 2024, monthly",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "genealogy",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the series: the AI False Claim(s) Monitor",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  "F21": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports: AI Fools Itself",
   "quote": "NewsGuard tested three leading AI chatbots and found that in 78-95 percent of the prompts, the tools could not tell when videos were created by OpenAI’s text-to-video tool Sora — including OpenAI’s own ChatGPT.",
   "claim": "three chatbots could not tell Sora videos in 78–95 percent of prompts",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "reports held: chatbots, AI video, state propaganda, publishers blocking chatbots",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
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  },
  "F22": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports: the Pravda network",
   "quote": "An audit found that the 10 leading generative AI tools advanced Moscow’s disinformation goals by repeating false claims from the pro-Kremlin Pravda network 33 percent of the time.",
   "claim": "10 tools repeated the Pravda network's false claims 33 percent of the time",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "reports held: chatbots, AI video, state propaganda, publishers blocking chatbots",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
   "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 f1762ff5b7fe3e95…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F23": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports: DeepSeek",
   "quote": "Chinese artificial intelligence firm DeepSeek’s new chatbot failed to provide accurate information about news and information topics 83 percent of the time, scoring tied for 10th out of 11 in comparison to its leading Western competitors.",
   "claim": "DeepSeek's chatbot failed 83 percent of the time",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "reports held: chatbots, AI video, state propaganda, publishers blocking chatbots",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
   "quote_ok": true,
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  "F24": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports: blocking, title",
   "quote": "AI Chatbots Are Blocked by 67% of Top News Sites, Relying Instead on Low-Quality Sources",
   "claim": "67% of top news sites block AI chatbots (report title)",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "reports held: chatbots, AI video, state propaganda, publishers blocking chatbots",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  "F25": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "reports: blocking, summary",
   "quote": "Most high-quality news sites request to block AI chatbots. As a result, the chatbots may be forced to rely on lower-quality and misinformation-prone sources.",
   "claim": "high-quality sites request to block chatbots, which may be forced onto lower-quality sources",
   "modality": "hypothesis",
   "kind": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "reports held: chatbots, AI video, state propaganda, publishers blocking chatbots",
   "date": "2026-06-23 (the page's 'Last Updated')",
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  "F26": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "debunks, head",
   "quote": "Below is a selection of false narratives originating from artificial intelligence tools and that NewsGuard has identified and debunked in its False Claim Fingerprints catalog:",
   "claim": "the page lists AI-originated false narratives debunked in the False Claim Fingerprints catalog",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "what it holds: a selection of NewsGuard's AI reports, insights and debunks",
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  "F27": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "debunks, first item",
   "quote": "Debunk: Iranian Missile With Epstein Inscription Is an AI Fabrication",
   "claim": "an example debunk: an AI-edited missile image",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "what it holds: a selection of NewsGuard's AI reports, insights and debunks",
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  },
  "F28": {
   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶2",
   "quote": "Since its launch in July 2024, NewsGuard’s Monthly AI False Claims Monitor has set a new standard for measuring the trustworthiness of the AI industry in the domain of news.",
   "claim": "the series launched July 2024 and, in its own assessment, set a new standard",
   "modality": "self-description",
   "kind": "genealogy",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the series: the AI False Claim(s) Monitor",
   "date": "2026-10-29 (page undated; as fetched; the series launched July 2024)",
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  },
  "F29": {
   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "Our Journalistic Red-Teaming Approach",
   "quote": "To address these issues, NewsGuard has pioneered a distinct approach to “red-teaming” AI — using a journalistic method grounded in rigorously verified data and human expertise.",
   "claim": "its method: journalistic red-teaming grounded in verified data and human expertise",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "function",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the series: the AI False Claim(s) Monitor",
   "date": "2026-10-29 (page undated; as fetched; the series launched July 2024)",
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  },
  "F30": {
   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "What We’re Tracking",
   "quote": "Multiple user personas: 30 prompts per AI model, based on 10 significant false claims each month from NewsGuard’s False Claim Fingerprints database.",
   "claim": "30 prompts per model on 10 false claims from the Fingerprints database",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "function",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
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  },
  "F31": {
   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "Our Journalistic Red-Teaming Approach",
   "quote": "Our analysts evaluate the top AI models monthly to identify vulnerabilities in AI systems that result in the spread of false information.",
   "claim": "analysts evaluate top models monthly for vulnerabilities",
   "modality": "documented",
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   "kernel": false,
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  },
  "F32": {
   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "Our Journalistic Red-Teaming Approach",
   "quote": "In tests thus far, we’ve found that NewsGuard’s false claim red-teaming reduces failures by two thirds or more.",
   "claim": "its red-teaming reduces failures by two thirds or more (its own tests)",
   "modality": "self-description",
   "kind": "fact",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the series: the AI False Claim(s) Monitor",
   "date": "2026-10-29 (page undated; as fetched; the series launched July 2024)",
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  },
  "F33": {
   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "Bespoke Red Teaming",
   "quote": "Using a methodology similar to these monthly audits, NewsGuard offers bespoke red-teaming services to AI companies, based on their unique needs and areas of highest concern. The False Claim Fingerprints database is also available for AI models to license.",
   "claim": "bespoke red-teaming sold to AI companies; the Fingerprints database licensed to AI models",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kind": "function",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "NewsGuard's products for AI companies",
   "date": "2026-10-29 (page undated; as fetched; the series launched July 2024)",
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   "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 c5a60b0da5631ec1…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F34": {
   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "Our Journalistic Red-Teaming Approach",
   "quote": "We have found that these claims are increasingly generated by Russian, Chinese, and Iranian state-sponsored influence operations aiming to sow division and confusion in Western democracies.",
   "claim": "the claims increasingly come from Russian, Chinese and Iranian state operations",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kind": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "reports held: chatbots, AI video, state propaganda, publishers blocking chatbots",
   "date": "2026-10-29 (page undated; as fetched; the series launched July 2024)",
   "quote_ok": true,
   "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 c5a60b0da5631ec1…), whitespace-normalised"
  },
  "F35": {
   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "editions list",
   "quote": "Quarterly AI False Claim Monitor — January 2026",
   "claim": "the series quarterly by January 2026",
   "modality": "documented",
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   "locus": "¶1",
   "quote": "Trustworthy AI requires reliable data. Without quality sourcing and rigorous guardrails, AI products repeat false claims or provide inaccurate information 40+% of the time, especially on topics in the news.",
   "claim": "without quality sourcing, AI products err 40+% of the time on news",
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   "source": "B3",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "Source Reliability Ratings",
   "quote": "Our continuously updated Source Reliability Ratings datastream provides human-labeled data assessing the accuracy and reliability of 35,000 news and information sources based on apolitical journalistic criteria.",
   "claim": "a datastream rating 35,000 sources, human-labeled",
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   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "Source Reliability Ratings",
   "quote": "With this datastream, AI companies can ensure news-related outputs are based on high-quality data sources in model training and RAG processes—and avoid citing unreliable sources in responses.",
   "claim": "for training and RAG, and to avoid citing unreliable sources",
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   "locus": "False Claim Fingerprints",
   "quote": "NewsGuard’s False Claim Fingerprints datastream protects AI products against false claims spreading online that can enter responses through low-quality training data or RAG processes searching the open web.",
   "claim": "the Fingerprints datastream protects AI products against false claims entering through training data or RAG",
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   "source": "B3",
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   "locus": "False Claim Fingerprints",
   "quote": "A continuously updated database of labeled data about false claims, the Fingerprints contain rich detail about where each claim has spread and how it is articulated in text, images, video, and audio assets across platforms—enabling full protection.",
   "claim": "the Fingerprints: a continuously updated labeled database across text, images, video and audio",
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   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "subtitle",
   "quote": "The tracker features 150 ‘Unreliable AI-Generated News’ websites as well as NewsGuard reports, insights, and debunks about false narratives and other misinformation relating to artificial intelligence; number of such sites has more than tripled in past month.",
   "claim": "at launch: 150 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites and NewsGuard's AI reports; tripled in a month",
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   "source": "B4",
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   "locus": "¶1 (dateline)",
   "quote": "(June 8, 2023 — New York City) As part of its efforts to guard readers, brands, and democracies against unreliable news and information, NewsGuard has launched an ”Unreliable AI-Generated News Tracking Center,” cataloging the ways that generative AI has been deployed to turbocharge misinformation operations and low-quality content farms.",
   "claim": "launched 8 June 2023 as the 'Unreliable AI-Generated News Tracking Center'",
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   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶3",
   "quote": "These are low-quality news sites that are mostly or entirely produced by artificial intelligence and that operate with little to no human oversight.",
   "claim": "the unit in 2023 (UAIN): low-quality news sites mostly or entirely AI-produced, with little to no human oversight",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the unit: from 'Unreliable AI-Generated News' sites to AI content farms, by four criteria",
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   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶3",
   "quote": "In May, when NewsGuard did its first count, the number was 49.",
   "claim": "the first count, May 2023: 49",
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  },
  "F45": {
   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶6",
   "quote": "As noted above, NewsGuard has now identified 150 UAINs in 12 languages: Arabic, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Indonesian, Korean, Portuguese, Tagalog, Thai, and Turkish.",
   "claim": "150 UAINs in 12 languages at launch",
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   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶4 (Brill)",
   "quote": "Today’s AI-generated ‘news’ websites are akin to the misinformation-spreading Macedonian content farms from a few years ago, with the distinction that these new sites cost even less to produce and can become even more prolific with the enhancements of artificial intelligence.",
   "claim": "Brill: akin to the Macedonian content farms, cheaper and more prolific",
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   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the occasion: generative AI and content farms",
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  },
  "F47": {
   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶5 (Crovitz)",
   "quote": "Most of these sites were created with the business model of generating revenue from programmatic advertising, which seems to be working.",
   "claim": "Crovitz: the business model is programmatic advertising revenue",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kind": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
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  },
  "F48": {
   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶5 (Crovitz)",
   "quote": "the opaque system that operates programmatic advertising means these ads appear through ad-tech firms such as Google",
   "claim": "Crovitz: the ads appear through ad-tech firms such as Google",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kind": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
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  "F49": {
   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶9",
   "quote": "In many cases, the revenue model for these websites is programmatic advertising through which the ad-tech industry delivers ads without regard to the nature or quality of the website.",
   "claim": "the revenue model, as the center's page restates it in 2026",
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  },
  "F50": {
   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶10",
   "quote": "It is expected that generative AI will allow more players to tap into or even grow the estimated $2.6 billion of advertising revenue per year that NewsGuard and Comscore found to be unintentionally directed toward misinformation news sites.",
   "claim": "expected: more players tapping the $2.6 billion a year unintentionally directed to misinformation sites",
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   "source": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶11",
   "quote": "Researchers, platforms, advertisers, government agencies, or other institutions interested in accessing the full list of domains generated by artificial intelligence and operating with little to no human oversight can contact us here: Request domain list.",
   "claim": "the full domain list on request, from launch",
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   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "About NewsGuard ¶1",
   "quote": "Launched in March 2018 by media entrepreneur and award-winning journalist Steven Brill and former Wall Street Journal publisher Gordon Crovitz, NewsGuard provides credibility ratings and detailed “Nutrition Labels” for thousands of news and information websites.",
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   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "About NewsGuard ¶2",
   "quote": "In February 2023, the company launched NewsGuard for AI, which provides the leading tools to train generative AI models to avoid spreading misinformation.",
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   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "About NewsGuard ¶6",
   "quote": "NewsGuard’s ratings and Nutrition Labels are licensed by browsers, news aggregators, education companies, and social media and search platforms to make NewsGuard’s information about news websites available to their users.",
   "claim": "its ratings are licensed by browsers, news aggregators, education companies, social and search platforms",
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   "source": "B5",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶1",
   "quote": "NewsGuard’s team of journalistically-trained analysts provides brands with a real-time monitoring service to identify and respond to emerging false narratives before they cause reputational harm.",
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   "source": "B5",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶1",
   "quote": "NewsGuard’s Brand Misinformation Monitoring service includes tracking provably false narratives related to a brand across social platforms, GenAI outputs and websites.",
   "claim": "it tracks false narratives about a brand across social platforms, GenAI outputs and websites",
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   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "Early Warning Alerts",
   "quote": "Early Warning Alerts: Real-time notifications of emerging false or harmful narratives including a narrative description, preliminary assessment, and data about the key drivers of the narrative’s spread.",
   "claim": "early warning alerts on emerging narratives",
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   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "AI",
   "quote": "AI: Providing actionable insights into how clients are represented—or misrepresented—by AI models through services that identify and address hallucinations, false claims, AI-generated errors, and coordinated influence campaigns.",
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   "origin": "wikipedia",
   "locus": "lead ¶1",
   "quote": "NewsGuard is a rating system for news and information websites.",
   "claim": "Wikipedia: NewsGuard is a rating system for news and information websites",
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   "locus": "lead ¶1",
   "quote": "NewsGuard Technologies Inc., the company behind the tool, also provides services such as misinformation tracking and brand safety for advertisers, search engines, social media platforms, cybersecurity firms, and government agencies.",
   "claim": "Wikipedia: the company also provides misinformation tracking and brand safety",
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   "locus": "History ¶1",
   "quote": "NewsGuard Technologies was founded in 2018 by Steven Brill and L. Gordon Crovitz, who serve as co-CEOs.",
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   "locus": "Ratings › Disinformation in AI ¶1",
   "quote": "NewsGuard has audited the output of various AI models to identify disinformation.",
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   "source": "B6",
   "origin": "wikipedia",
   "locus": "Ratings › Disinformation in AI ¶1",
   "quote": "In August 2025, they found that leading generative AI tools repeat false news claims 35% of the time on average.",
   "claim": "Wikipedia: August 2025, 35% on average",
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  },
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   "origin": "wikipedia",
   "locus": "Ratings › Disinformation in AI ¶1",
   "quote": "NewsGuard also audited Sora 2 and found that it produced videos advancing fake claims in 80% of cases.",
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   "locus": "Ratings › Disinformation in AI ¶1",
   "quote": "According to NewsGuard, Russian propaganda networks are attempting to \"infect\" large language models by spamming fake news, so that they will output more pro-Russia disinformation.",
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  "F67": {
   "source": "B6",
   "origin": "wikipedia",
   "locus": "Special:Search, \"AI Tracking Center\" (all articles), 2026-10-29",
   "quote": "There were no results matching the query.",
   "claim": "no English Wikipedia article contains the phrase 'AI Tracking Center' (nor 'Unreliable AI-Generated News', the same answer); the operator's article has no section on the center",
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   "checked_against": "saved text B6-search.txt (sha256 6725f6ee977e21f8…), whitespace-normalised",
   "note": "the same response for \"Unreliable AI-Generated News\" (B6-search-uain.txt); 'Tracking Center', 'content farm' and 'UAIN' absent from B6.wiki and B6.txt"
  }
 },
 "field_sources": {
  "B1": "NewsGuard — Tracking AI-enabled Misinformation: 3,749 AI Content Farm sites (and Counting), Plus the Top False Claims Generated by Artificial Intelligence Tools - NewsGuard",
  "B2": "NewsGuard — AI False Claims Monitor - NewsGuard",
  "B3": "NewsGuard — Artificial Intelligence - NewsGuard",
  "B4": "NewsGuard — NewsGuard Launches Tracking Center for AI-Generated News",
  "B5": "NewsGuard — Brand Misinformation Monitoring Service - NewsGuard",
  "B6": "Wikipedia — NewsGuard (the operator's article; the center has none)"
 }
}