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 "field_claims": {
  "F1": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "lead ¶1",
   "quote": "\"The literary concept of the heteronym refers to one or more imaginary character(s) created by a writer to write in different styles.\"",
   "claim": "A heteronym is an imaginary character created by a writer to write in a different style",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "heteronym defined"
  },
  "F2": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "lead ¶1",
   "quote": "\"Heteronyms differ from pen names (or pseudonyms, from the Greek words for \"fake\" and \"name\") in that the latter are just false names, while the former are characters that have their own supposed physiques, biographies, and writing styles.\"",
   "claim": "Heteronyms differ from pseudonyms: pseudonyms are false names, heteronyms characters with physiques, biographies, styles",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "heteronym against pseudonym"
  },
  "F3": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "lead ¶2",
   "quote": "\"Heteronyms were named and developed by the Portuguese writer and poet Fernando Pessoa in the early 20th century, but they were thoroughly explored by the Danish philosopher Kierkegaard in the 19th century and have also been used by other writers.\"",
   "claim": "Named and developed by Pessoa in the early 20th century; explored by Kierkegaard in the 19th",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa named the heteronym"
  },
  "F4": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Pessoa's heteronyms ¶1",
   "quote": "\"In Pessoa's case, there are at least 70 heteronyms (according to the latest count by Pessoa's editor Teresa Rita Lopes).\"",
   "claim": "At least 70 heteronyms, by Teresa Rita Lopes's count",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's count"
  },
  "F5": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Pessoa's heteronyms ¶1",
   "quote": "\"Some of them are relatives or know each other; they criticise and translate each other's works.\"",
   "claim": "The heteronyms know, criticise and translate each other",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronyms interact"
  },
  "F6": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Pessoa's heteronyms ¶1",
   "quote": "\"Pessoa's three chief heteronyms are Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis and Álvaro de Campos; the latter two consider the former their master.\"",
   "claim": "The three chief heteronyms; Caeiro the master of Reis and Campos",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Caeiro the master"
  },
  "F7": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Pessoa's heteronyms ¶1",
   "quote": "\"There are also two whom Pessoa called semi-heteronyms, Bernardo Soares and the Baron of Teive, who are semi-autobiographical characters who write in prose, \"a mere mutilation\" of the Pessoa personality.\"",
   "claim": "Soares and Teive are semi-heteronyms, 'a mere mutilation' of Pessoa's personality",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "semi-heteronym"
  },
  "F8": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Pessoa's heteronyms ¶1",
   "quote": "\"There is, lastly, an orthonym, Fernando Pessoa, the namesake of the author, who also considers Caeiro his master.\"",
   "claim": "The orthonym is Fernando Pessoa, the author's namesake",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "orthonym"
  },
  "F9": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Pessoa's heteronyms ¶2",
   "quote": "\"The heteronyms dialogue with each other and even with Pessoa in what he calls \"the theatre of being\" or \"drama in people\".\"",
   "claim": "The heteronyms dialogue in what Pessoa calls 'drama in people'",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "drama in people"
  },
  "F10": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Fernando Pessoa on the heteronyms (letter to Casais Monteiro, 13.01.1935)",
   "quote": "\"He's a semi-heteronym because his personality, although not my own, doesn't differ from my own but is a mere mutilation of it.\"",
   "claim": "Pessoa: Soares is a semi-heteronym, a mere mutilation of his personality",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "semi-heteronym"
  },
  "F11": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "George Steiner on the heteronyms",
   "quote": "\"Pseudonymous writing is not rare in literature or philosophy (Kierkegaard provides a celebrated instance). 'Heteronyms', as Pessoa called and defined them, are something different and exceedingly strange.\"",
   "claim": "Steiner: pseudonymity is common (Kierkegaard); Pessoa's heteronyms are something different",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym against pseudonym"
  },
  "F12": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "George Steiner on the heteronyms",
   "quote": "\"For each of his 'voices', Pessoa conceived a highly distinctive poetic idiom and technique, a complex biography, a context of literary influence and polemics and, most arrestingly of all, subtle interrelations and reciprocities of awareness.\"",
   "claim": "Steiner: each voice has idiom, biography, influences and reciprocal awareness",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronyms interact"
  },
  "F13": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Other writers and their heteronyms",
   "quote": "\"Søren Kierkegaard - Had more than a dozen heteronyms with distinct biographies and personalities.\"",
   "claim": "Kierkegaard had more than a dozen heteronyms",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Kierkegaard"
  },
  "F14": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Heteronyms in music",
   "quote": "\"David Bowie - Systematically employed heteronyms as a performer, his personae changing given the content of the album on which they appear\"",
   "claim": "Bowie employed heteronyms as a performer",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym beyond literature"
  },
  "F15": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "body",
   "quote": "\"It is crucial to make the distinction that Pessoa's \"others\" were heteronyms rather than pseudonyms.\"",
   "claim": "Pessoa's others were heteronyms, not pseudonyms",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym against pseudonym"
  },
  "F16": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "body (Pessoa quoted)",
   "quote": "\"A pseudonymic work is, except for the name with which it is signed, the work of an author writing as himself; a heteronymic work is by an author writing outside his own personality: it is the work of a complete individuality made up by him, just as the utterances of some character in a drama of his would be.\"",
   "claim": "Pessoa's own distinction: pseudonymic work is the author as himself; heteronymic work is the author outside his personality",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's own distinction"
  },
  "F17": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "body",
   "quote": "\"\"I break my soul into pieces,\" he wrote, \"and into different persons.\"\"",
   "claim": "Pessoa: 'I break my soul into pieces'",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's self-account"
  },
  "F18": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "opening",
   "quote": "\"He pretended relentlessly, employing more than seventy personae in his self-searching circus. They were not so much disguises as extensions and iterations of himself.\"",
   "claim": "More than seventy personae, extensions of himself",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's count"
  },
  "F19": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "body",
   "quote": "\"His heteronymic conceit didn't spring from a desire to fool anyone or attract attention.\"",
   "claim": "The heteronyms were no attempt to fool anyone",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "no deception"
  },
  "F20": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "body",
   "quote": "\"Yes, Pessoa's heteronyms actually critiqued—sometimes savagely, sometimes kindly—one another's writings. They also collaborated on projects (Crosse worked with his brother, I. I. Crosse) and translated one another's work.\"",
   "claim": "The heteronyms critiqued, collaborated on and translated one another",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronyms interact"
  },
  "F21": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "body",
   "quote": "\"Then there was the \"semi-heteronym\" Bernardo Soares, an assistant bookkeeper living in downtown Lisbon who \"seems always to be tired or sleepy.\" He was the closest to Pessoa's own voice, experience, and sensibility, and therefore the closest identity to a pseudonym.\"",
   "claim": "Soares was the closest to a pseudonym",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "semi-heteronym"
  },
  "F22": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "body",
   "quote": "\"Pessoa's dozens of constructed alternate selves, Zenith noted, \"were instruments of exorcism and redemption.\"",
   "claim": "Zenith: the selves were instruments of exorcism and redemption",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's self-account"
  },
  "F23": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "body",
   "quote": "\"Although alter egos had become fashionable accessories for European writers in the early twentieth century, no one took the ruse as far as Pessoa did—and certainly no one has since.\"",
   "claim": "No one took alter egos as far as Pessoa",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa unrivalled"
  },
  "F24": {
   "source": "B3",
   "locus": "abstract",
   "quote": "\"However, unlike pseudonyms, heteronyms are names given to fully developed characters that, in spite of being imaginary, possess nearly all human qualities such as physical features, biographies, world views, writing styles, etc. – characters that, surprisingly enough, are capable of having views in sharp contrast to those of the author who has created them.\"",
   "claim": "Heteronyms are fully developed characters, capable of views in sharp contrast to their author's",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym against pseudonym"
  },
  "F25": {
   "source": "B3",
   "locus": "abstract",
   "quote": "\"Fernando Pessoa (1888-1935), arguably one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century as well as one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language, is the writer credited with the development, naming and introduction of this concept into literature.\"",
   "claim": "Pessoa is credited with developing, naming and introducing the concept",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa named the heteronym"
  },
  "F26": {
   "source": "B3",
   "locus": "abstract",
   "quote": "\"However, considering the whole body of works produced by the Irish Nobel laureate W.B. Yeats (1865-1939), strong heteronymic qualities can also be discerned in a number of his works some of which produced about twenty years before Pessoa even started his career as a writer.\"",
   "claim": "Heteronymic qualities in Yeats, some about twenty years before Pessoa began",
   "modality": "hypothesis",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Yeats before Pessoa"
  },
  "F27": {
   "source": "B3",
   "locus": "§1 Introduction",
   "quote": "\"In spite of being created by the writer himself, a heteronymic character is presented in such a way that the readers consider him as a completely distinct figure, a real man possessing human qualities like all other real men, except one, which is being real itself.\"",
   "claim": "A heteronymic character is presented as a real person in all but being real",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym defined"
  },
  "F28": {
   "source": "B3",
   "locus": "§1 Introduction",
   "quote": "\"Pessoa’s heteronymic system is a rather complex one, with about 75 different names.\"",
   "claim": "About 75 names in Pessoa's system",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's count"
  },
  "F29": {
   "source": "B3",
   "locus": "§1 Introduction",
   "quote": "\"Scanning the collected poems of Yeats, one comes across three fictional names; Red Hanrahan, Owen Aherne, Michael Robartes.\"",
   "claim": "Yeats's three fictional names: Hanrahan, Aherne, Robartes",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Yeats before Pessoa"
  },
  "F30": {
   "source": "B3",
   "locus": "§5 Conclusion",
   "quote": "\"Even if Pessoa did not borrow from Yeats in creating the concept of heteronym, it is still feasible to think that the heteronymic nature of Yeats’s works could have been a source of inspiration and influence for Pessoa.\"",
   "claim": "Even without borrowing, Yeats could have inspired Pessoa",
   "modality": "hypothesis",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Yeats before Pessoa"
  },
  "F31": {
   "source": "B3",
   "locus": "§5 Conclusion",
   "quote": "\"Thus, Yeats either originated the concept, albeit without giving it a name, or paved the way for its introduction into the Western literature that led Pessoa to his important achievement of heteronymic writings\"",
   "claim": "Yeats either originated the unnamed concept or paved the way for Pessoa",
   "modality": "hypothesis",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Yeats before Pessoa"
  },
  "F32": {
   "source": "B4",
   "locus": "article ¶1",
   "quote": "\"The literary concept of heteronym, invented by Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, refers to one or more imaginary character(s) created by a poet to write in different styles.\"",
   "claim": "The concept, invented by Pessoa, is an imaginary character created to write in different styles",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym defined"
  },
  "F33": {
   "source": "B4",
   "locus": "article ¶1",
   "quote": "\"Heteronyms differ from nom de plumes (or pseudonyms, from the Greek \"False Name\") in that the latter are just false names, while the former are characters having their own supposed physiques, biographies and writing styles.\"",
   "claim": "Heteronyms differ from noms de plume as characters differ from false names",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym against pseudonym"
  },
  "F34": {
   "source": "B4",
   "locus": "article ¶3",
   "quote": "\"The heteronyms sometimes intervened in Pessoa's social life: during Pessoa's only attested romance, a jealous Campos wrote letters to the girl, who, enjoying the game, wrote back.\"",
   "claim": "The heteronyms intervened in Pessoa's social life",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronyms intervene"
  },
  "F35": {
   "source": "B5",
   "locus": "opening",
   "quote": "\"Pessoa left his mark as an extremely original writer for inventing fictitious authors – heteronyms – who “wrote” parts of his work.\"",
   "claim": "Pessoa invented fictitious authors, heteronyms, who 'wrote' parts of his work",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym defined"
  },
  "F36": {
   "source": "B5",
   "locus": "opening",
   "quote": "\"Each one “had” a personality, a biography, a physionomy, a character, a defined literary style, unlike the others and even Pessoa, the “orthonym,” that is, himself.\"",
   "claim": "Each had personality, biography, style, unlike the others and the 'orthonym', Pessoa himself",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "orthonym"
  },
  "F37": {
   "source": "B5",
   "locus": "opening",
   "quote": "\"Caeiro, the pastoral and (anti)philosophical poet, was the “master” of heteronyms;\"",
   "claim": "Caeiro, the pastoral poet, was the master",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Caeiro the master"
  },
  "F38": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "¶3",
   "quote": "\"Too radically different from him to be considered simple pseudonyms, as if only their names had changed, Pessoa called them “heteronyms,”\"",
   "claim": "Too different to be pseudonyms, Pessoa called them heteronyms",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronym against pseudonym"
  },
  "F39": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "¶3 (Bibliographical Summary, 1928)",
   "quote": "\"in a “Bibliographical Summary” of his works published in 1928 he explained the conceptual distinction: “Pseudonymous works are by the author in his own person, except in the name he signs; heteronymous works are by the author outside his own person. They proceed from a full-fledged individual created by him, like the lines spoken by a character in a drama he might write.”\"",
   "claim": "The 1928 Bibliographical Summary: heteronymous works are by the author outside his own person",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's own distinction"
  },
  "F40": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "¶2",
   "quote": "\"over half of which were signed by one of three alter egos, all of whom came into being in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I.\"",
   "claim": "The three alter egos came into being in 1914",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "1914"
  },
  "F41": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "Rimbaud paragraph",
   "quote": "\"The history of literature contains some faint parallels to his performance of multiple authorship. William Butler Yeats created Michael Robartes and Owen Hearne, a duo of “collaborators” with contrasting personalities.\"",
   "claim": "Faint parallels: Yeats's Robartes and Hearne",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "precedents and parallels"
  },
  "F42": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "Rimbaud paragraph",
   "quote": "\"The Spanish poet Antonio Machado (1875–1939) also signed some of his poems and prose pieces with the names of two alter egos: Juan de Mairena and Abel Martín, who was Mairena’s “master.”\"",
   "claim": "Machado signed work as Juan de Mairena and Abel Martín",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "precedents and parallels"
  },
  "F43": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "Rimbaud paragraph",
   "quote": "\"But no writer can rival Pessoa’s achievement of configuring, through his heteronyms, radically different poetic and philosophical attitudes that formed a glorious if not always harmonious musical ensemble.\"",
   "claim": "No writer rivals Pessoa's configured ensemble",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa unrivalled"
  },
  "F44": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "Gaspar Simões paragraph",
   "quote": "\"Gaspar Simões also discussed Pessoa’s literary work, viewing it through a Freudian lens, and devoted separate chapters to each of the three heteronyms. Despite admiring their poetry, he deemed them symptomatic of the author’s inability or unwillingness to concentrate his entire self in the act of writing. The heteronyms, in his view, were a kind of subterfuge, or a gimmick.\"",
   "claim": "Gaspar Simões judged the heteronyms a subterfuge or gimmick",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronyms as symptom"
  },
  "F45": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "count paragraph",
   "quote": "\"If we include his childhood riddlers and humorists, Pessoa created more than one hundred fictitious authors in whose name he wrote or at least planned to write something. About thirty of these pseudo-authors signed at least one significant literary work, but there were only three full-fledged heteronyms: Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, and Álvaro de Campos.\"",
   "claim": "Over a hundred fictitious authors, about thirty significant, only three full-fledged heteronyms",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's count"
  },
  "F46": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "count paragraph",
   "quote": "\"Authorized by Pessoa’s example, I will also use the word “heteronym” rather loosely in the pages that follow.\"",
   "claim": "Zenith uses 'heteronym' loosely, by Pessoa's example",
   "modality": "self-description",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's count"
  },
  "F47": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "identity paragraph",
   "quote": "\"Pessoa staked his very identity on the heteronymous system.\"",
   "claim": "Pessoa staked his identity on the system",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Pessoa's self-account"
  },
  "F48": {
   "source": "B7",
   "locus": "card snippet",
   "quote": "\"The term heteronym has multiple definitions, depending on its usage referring to grammar, its use in linguistics, or its use in literature:\"",
   "claim": "The term has grammatical, linguistic and literary senses",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "the word's other senses"
  },
  "F49": {
   "source": "B8",
   "locus": "¶1",
   "quote": "\"Fernando Pessoa (1888-1935), describing his literary enterprise as “a drama divided into people instead of into acts”, split himself into dozens of dramatis personae, the “heteronyms”, who occupied the stage of his otherwise uneventful life.\"",
   "claim": "Pessoa's 'drama divided into people': dozens of dramatis personae",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "drama in people"
  },
  "F50": {
   "source": "B8",
   "locus": "¶1",
   "quote": "\"It was a process that began in Pessoa’s childhood, gathered steam in his adolescence with the invention of alter egos who wrote in English, and made literary history in 1914, with the creation of would-be shepherd Alberto Caeiro, Futurist naval engineer Álvaro de Campos, and classicist Ricardo Reis, three of the finest Portuguese poets of the twentieth century.\"",
   "claim": "Begun in childhood; made literary history in 1914 with Caeiro, Campos, Reis",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "1914"
  },
  "F51": {
   "source": "B8",
   "locus": "¶2",
   "quote": "\"Caeiro, the first in the poetic trinity to emerge from Pessoa’s soul, was considered the Master of the other two and, indeed, of Pessoa himself.\"",
   "claim": "Caeiro was the Master of the others and of Pessoa",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "Caeiro the master"
  },
  "F52": {
   "source": "B8",
   "locus": "¶5",
   "quote": "\"There was considerable interaction among the heteronyms.\"",
   "claim": "Considerable interaction among the heteronyms",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronyms interact"
  },
  "F53": {
   "source": "B8",
   "locus": "¶3",
   "quote": "\"The largest and most playful of the heteronyms, he even meddled in Pessoa’s real-world life.\"",
   "claim": "Campos meddled in Pessoa's real-world life",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "heteronyms intervene"
  },
  "F54": {
   "source": "B6",
   "locus": "subtitle (byline)",
   "quote": "\"Richard Zenith on the Many Literary Lives of the Genius of Lisbon\"",
   "claim": "The article is by Richard Zenith",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "byline"
  },
  "F55": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "George Steiner on the heteronyms (source line)",
   "quote": "\"George Steiner, \"A man of many parts\", in The Observer, Sunday, 3 June 2001.\"",
   "claim": "The quoted passage is George Steiner's, The Observer, 3 June 2001",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "byline"
  }
 }
}