{
 "field": [
  {
   "id": "B1",
   "card": "Wikipedia — Howl (poem)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howl_(poem)",
   "fetched": "WebFetch verbatim excerpts 2026-10-07"
  },
  {
   "id": "B2",
   "card": "poets.org | Academy of American Poets — Howl and Other Poems",
   "url": "https://poets.org/book/howl-and-other-poems",
   "fetched": "WebFetch verbatim excerpts 2026-10-07; note: poets.org/poem/howl resolves to Eileen Myles's 2020 poem \"Howl\" (Poem-a-Day, 3 Dec 2020), not Ginsberg's; the Ginsberg book page was used. Card's '+1' (likely poets.org/poem/howl-part-iii-and-footnote-howl-audio-only) not fetched"
  },
  {
   "id": "B?",
   "card": "hidden cards behind 'Wikipedia +3' and 'poets.org +1'",
   "url": null,
   "fetched": "not fetchable: cards not shown in the capture"
  }
 ],
 "field_claims": {
  "F1": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "lead",
   "quote": "\"\"Howl\", also known as \"Howl for Carl Solomon\", is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955\"",
   "claim": "Howl is a poem by Ginsberg, written 1954–55, also titled 'Howl for Carl Solomon'",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "howl-definition"
  },
  "F2": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "lead",
   "quote": "\"published in his 1956 collection, Howl and Other Poems\"",
   "claim": "Published in the 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "howl-1956-publication"
  },
  "F3": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Composition",
   "quote": "\"Ginsberg began work on \"Howl\" in autumn of 1954\"",
   "claim": "Composition began autumn 1954",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "howl-composition-1954"
  },
  "F4": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "lead",
   "quote": "\"He performed the poem at the Six Gallery reading in San Francisco in October 1955\"",
   "claim": "Ginsberg performed it at the Six Gallery reading, San Francisco, October 1955",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "six-gallery-1955"
  },
  "F5": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Performance and publication",
   "quote": "\"Part I of \"Howl\" was first performed at the Six Gallery reading in San Francisco on October 7, 1955\"",
   "claim": "Part I first performed 7 Oct 1955 at the Six Gallery",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "six-gallery-1955"
  },
  "F6": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Performance and publication",
   "quote": "\"On October 1, 1956, Howl and Other Poems was published by City Lights as number four in its Pocket Poets Series\"",
   "claim": "City Lights published it 1 Oct 1956 as Pocket Poets no. 4",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "howl-1956-publication"
  },
  "F7": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Dedication / Part III",
   "quote": "\"The poem is dedicated to Carl Solomon\"",
   "claim": "Dedicated to Carl Solomon",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "carl-solomon-dedication"
  },
  "F8": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Part III",
   "quote": "\"called \"Rockland\" in the poem, it was actually Columbia Presbyterian Psychological Institute\"",
   "claim": "The poem's 'Rockland' was actually Columbia Presbyterian Psychological Institute",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "rockland-referent"
  },
  "F9": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Part III",
   "quote": "\"Part III, in relation to Parts I and II, is \"a litany of affirmation of the Lamb in its glory\", according to Ginsberg. It is directly addressed to Carl Solomon\"",
   "claim": "Part III, per Ginsberg, affirms 'the Lamb'; addressed to Solomon",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "howl-parts-ginsberg-gloss"
  },
  "F10": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Structure",
   "quote": "\"The poem consists of 112 paragraph-like lines, which are organized into three parts, with an additional footnote\"",
   "claim": "112 paragraph-like lines in three parts plus footnote",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "howl-structure"
  },
  "F11": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Part I",
   "quote": "\"Called by Ginsberg \"a lament for the Lamb in America with instances of remarkable lamb-like youths\", Part I\"",
   "claim": "Part I, per Ginsberg, a lament for the Lamb in America",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "howl-parts-ginsberg-gloss"
  },
  "F12": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Part II",
   "quote": "\"Part II, in relation to Part I, \"names the monster of mental consciousness that preys on the Lamb\". Part II is about the state of industrial civilization, characterized in the poem as \"Moloch\"\"",
   "claim": "Part II names the monster preying on the Lamb: industrial civilization as Moloch",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "moloch"
  },
  "F13": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Part II",
   "quote": "\"Most lines in this section contain the fixed base \"Moloch\"\"",
   "claim": "Part II lines are built on the fixed base 'Moloch'",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "moloch"
  },
  "F14": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Style",
   "quote": "\"Ideally each line of 'Howl' is a single breath unit. My breath is long—that's the measure\"",
   "claim": "Ginsberg: each line a single breath unit",
   "modality": "self-description",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "breath-line"
  },
  "F15": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Style",
   "quote": "\"Ginsberg began the poem in the stepped triadic form he took from Williams but, in the middle of typing the verses, his poetic voice altered such that his own unique style (a long line based on breath organized by a fixed base) started to emerge\"",
   "claim": "Begun in Williams's triadic form; Ginsberg's long breath line with fixed base emerged mid-composition",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "breath-line"
  },
  "F16": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Style",
   "quote": "\"The catalog\" is a reference to Walt Whitman's long line style which Ginsberg adapted\"",
   "claim": "The catalogue form adapts Whitman's long line",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "whitman-long-line"
  },
  "F17": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Obscenity trial",
   "quote": "\"Claiming that the book was obscene, customs officials seized 520 copies of the poem that were being imported from England on March 25, 1957\"",
   "claim": "Customs seized 520 copies as obscene, 25 Mar 1957",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "obscenity-trial-1957"
  },
  "F18": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Obscenity trial",
   "quote": "\"On June 3, Shig Murao, the City Lights Bookstore manager, was arrested and jailed for selling Howl and Other Poems\"",
   "claim": "Bookstore manager Shig Murao arrested 3 June 1957",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "obscenity-trial-1957"
  },
  "F19": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Obscenity trial",
   "quote": "\"Lawrence Ferlinghetti was subsequently arrested for publishing the book\"",
   "claim": "Ferlinghetti arrested for publishing it",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "obscenity-trial-1957"
  },
  "F20": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Obscenity trial",
   "quote": "\"On October 3, 1957, Judge Clayton W. Horn ruled that the poem was not obscene\"",
   "claim": "Judge Clayton W. Horn ruled 3 Oct 1957 the poem not obscene",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "obscenity-ruling"
  },
  "F21": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Obscenity trial",
   "quote": "\"Judge Clayton Horn decided that the poem was of \"redeeming social importance\"\"",
   "claim": "Horn found 'redeeming social importance'",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "obscenity-ruling"
  },
  "F22": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "lead",
   "quote": "\"Although highly controversial at first, and excluded for years from the academic canon, \"Howl\" has gradually come to be regarded as a great work of twentieth-century American literature\"",
   "claim": "Initially controversial and excluded from the canon, now regarded as a great 20th-c. American work",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "canon-reception"
  },
  "F23": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "lead",
   "quote": "\"The poem is also closely associated with the group of writers known as the Beat Generation\"",
   "claim": "Closely associated with the Beat Generation",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "beat-generation"
  },
  "F24": {
   "source": "B1",
   "locus": "Reception",
   "quote": "\"Eberhart's piece helped call national attention to \"Howl\" as \"the most remarkable poem of the young group\"\"",
   "claim": "Richard Eberhart's review brought national attention",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "canon-reception"
  },
  "F25": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "Six Gallery",
   "quote": "\"The Six Gallery was a run-down art gallery at 311 Fillmore Street\"",
   "claim": "Six Gallery, 311 Fillmore Street",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "six-gallery-1955"
  },
  "F26": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "Six Gallery",
   "quote": "\"the six poets were: Philip Lamantia, Michael McClure, Philip Whalen, Gary Snyder, and one unknown poet from the East Coast, Allen Ginsberg\"",
   "claim": "Six Gallery readers named; Ginsberg then unknown",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "six-gallery-1955"
  },
  "F27": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "Publication & trial",
   "quote": "\"Ferlinghetti published Howl and Other Poems in 1956, but was soon arrested and charged with obscenity for its content\"",
   "claim": "Ferlinghetti published it 1956 and was charged with obscenity",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "obscenity-trial-1957"
  },
  "F28": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "Publication & trial",
   "quote": "\"Bailed out and defended by the ACLU at his trial, Ferlinghetti was eventually acquitted\"",
   "claim": "ACLU defended Ferlinghetti; acquitted",
   "modality": "documented",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "obscenity-ruling"
  },
  "F29": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "Legacy",
   "quote": "\"Howl went on to become one of the most renowned book of poems of the twentieth century, translated into more than twenty languages\"",
   "claim": "One of the 20th century's most renowned books of poems; 20+ translations",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "canon-reception"
  },
  "F30": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "Description",
   "quote": "\"Howl features Ginsberg's characteristic use of gritty vernacular and long lines, explicit sexuality\"",
   "claim": "Gritty vernacular, long lines, explicit sexuality",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "whitman-long-line"
  },
  "F31": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "Description",
   "quote": "\"a reference to Ralph Waldo Emerson's letter to Walt Whitman exactly a century earlier. (Coincidentally, Whitman was one of Ginsberg's early influences.)\"",
   "claim": "Whitman an early influence on Ginsberg",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "whitman-long-line"
  },
  "F32": {
   "source": "B2",
   "locus": "Beat generation",
   "quote": "\"one of the key figures of the Beat generation, a movement aimed at breaking the conformist and often stifling atmosphere of the late 1940s and 1950s\"",
   "claim": "Ginsberg a key Beat figure; Beat movement against 1940s–50s conformism",
   "modality": "interpretation",
   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "beat-generation"
  }
 }
}