{
 "row": "crowd-counting-consortium",
 "address": "Crowd Counting Consortium",
 "addresses": [
  "Crowd Counting Consortium"
 ],
 "extracted": "2026-10-31",
 "extractor": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, one extractor (unaudited, §3.8)",
 "rule": "v0.9 §3.5, source-neutral: opening or abstract, defined terms, headline claims, stated limits; quotes verbatim from the saved page texts (whitespace-normalised for the check; multi-part quotes joined by ' … ', each part checked), the Wikipedia response summary, or the card's title and snippet for the unreachable card; 51/51 verified by script; third-party pages quoted only in short spans",
 "B_note": "The field B (§0.4, §3.1(a)), origins kept apart: 'card', every card on the transcript's rail (B1 the consortium's page at the Ash Center, which is also the census's one own page, the same page, carried once as a card; B2 the About page of Counting Crowds, the consortium's blog; B3 a third party's page on the 2025 data, by boB Rudis; B4 the blog's author archive for 'crowdcounters'; B5 Policy Commons, unreachable; B6 the consortium's X profile); 'own_page', none beyond B1 (the census read one source, crowd-counting-consortium--home, which is card 1); 'wikipedia', no article (B7). The census read no third-party source (all its evidence carries basis 'operator'), so there is no 'census_third_party' origin in this row.",
 "lineage_note": "Lineages: what it is (B1, B3, B4, B5); operator and institutional home (B1, B4, B6); origin and founders (B1, B6); the unit (B1, B3); method (B1, B6); verification and privacy (B1); data access (B1, B2); counts (B1, B4, B6); uses (B1); scholarship and commentary (B1, B2); funding (B1); versions and dates (B1, B3); a third-party page carrying a model's interface string (B3); reception, the encyclopedia (B7). B5's snippet restates B1's opening sentence (F2): one lineage, B1's text carrying it. B3's description restates the consortium's scope from outside and states the scope differently at one point (F34 'nonviolent' beside F20 'riots'): two claims, held together under P_coh. The census's self_description, operator, part_of, founded, expanded, data_access, phases, dataverse, unit, limit_excluded, limit_verified, limit_identity, goal, countlove, irb, counter_protest, citations, count_subset, no_resistance, peaceful_2020, no_kings, latest_commentary, funding and aka quotes restate B1 (one lineage each with the page, which keeps the earliest date).",
 "pages": "saved files under datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/ (Bn.html raw, Bn.txt text extracted with scripts and styles stripped; B1.html and B1.txt the census's saved copy, with B1-refetch.html the card's refetch; B5-403.html the bot-check response; B7 .wiki, .html, -search.html, -crowd-counting.wiki raw Wikipedia responses with B7.txt a summary of codes and notices; T1-crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031.txt the registry's transcript string); sha256 per file in each source's 'files'",
 "field": [
  {
   "id": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 1 (and the census own page crowd-counting-consortium--home, the same page)",
   "card": "Harvard University — Crowd Counting Consortium – Ash Center",
   "url": "https://ash.harvard.edu/programs/crowd-counting-consortium/",
   "kind": "Overview card (the consortium's page at the Ash Center, Harvard Kennedy School: definition, origin, uses, team, data, submission rules, FAQ, funding, commentary list); the census's own page crowd-counting-consortium--home",
   "files": {
    "B1.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1.html",
     "sha256": "bd7b38580b7baa3e24d065e1644e44dd4668d76a31eed6edf7784c3345242b72"
    },
    "B1.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1.txt",
     "sha256": "bd9b30706a4f5a9dfa156e2d0eeefa36cc1f9e1878f8002ebebfdfea2b736560"
    },
    "B1-refetch.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1-refetch.html",
     "sha256": "2837906be77ea4ef03d965c1e69de7cb6b30836d857757a19e34b6e58e6163c2"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:49Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://ash.harvard.edu/programs/crowd-counting-consortium/",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1-refetch.html",
    "raw_sha256": "2837906be77ea4ef03d965c1e69de7cb6b30836d857757a19e34b6e58e6163c2",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B1.txt"
    ],
    "census_copy": {
     "src": "crowd-counting-consortium--home",
     "sha256": "bd7b38580b7baa3e24d065e1644e44dd4668d76a31eed6edf7784c3345242b72",
     "read": "2026-10-31",
     "http": "200",
     "fetched": "2026-10-31T21:28:00Z",
     "agrees": true,
     "note": "B1.html is the census's saved copy, gunzipped (sha256 matches the manifest and the census record); B1.txt is the census's text of it. The card's refetch (B1-refetch.html) differs from the saved copy in markup bytes (from char 6154; the page's per-request markup) and its text, extracted with scripts and styles stripped and whitespace normalised, is identical to the census's text (15,202 characters), so the card and the census's own page are one page, carried once, as a card."
    }
   },
   "names_operator": "yes ('The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut'; 'Part of Nonviolent Action Lab')",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "note": "URL from the card's site and title (the Ash Center's program page, the census's url for the entity). The card's snippet ('Project: … Scope: Collect...') is a structured restatement composed for the rail and is not page text. The page carries no date of its own; its commentary list is dated (latest 'Aug 15, 2025'); its footer '© Copyright 2026'.",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031",
     "card": 1
    }
   ],
   "card_title": "Crowd Counting Consortium – Ash Center",
   "card_snippet": "Project: Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) joint initiative of Harvard Kennedy School and University of Connecticut, part of Nonviolent Action Lab. Scope: Collect...",
   "card_note": "the snippet is the rail's own composition from the page ('Project:', 'Scope:'); no span of it is verbatim on the page"
  },
  {
   "id": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 2",
   "card": "Counting Crowds — About - Counting Crowds",
   "url": "https://countingcrowds.org/about/",
   "kind": "Overview card (the About page of Counting Crowds, 'Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium', on WordPress.com: where the data are shared)",
   "files": {
    "B2.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B2.html",
     "sha256": "be076d67b1488910ea8abaf5ffe321bb51f04156121d76e7193f63fbdf5002c5"
    },
    "B2.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B2.txt",
     "sha256": "3faf73a2972e7d9482c7d6f889f446d42ab9148f4b87c406c3fe235bdd252174"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:49Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://countingcrowds.org/about/",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B2.html",
    "raw_sha256": "be076d67b1488910ea8abaf5ffe321bb51f04156121d76e7193f63fbdf5002c5",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B2.txt"
    ]
   },
   "names_operator": "yes ('Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium'; 'maintained by the Harvard Kennedy School’s Nonviolent Action Lab')",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "note": "URL found by WebSearch on the title and site (countingcrowds.org/about/); the snippet is verbatim on the page. The page is undated.",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031",
     "card": 2
    }
   ],
   "card_title": "About - Counting Crowds",
   "card_snippet": "To learn more about the Crowd Counting Consortium, please visit our website. CCC records and shares its data in monthly Google Sheets, which you can find on the...",
   "card_note": null
  },
  {
   "id": "B3",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 3",
   "card": "boB Rudis — Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data",
   "url": "https://rud.is/obs/framework2/ccc/",
   "kind": "Overview card (a third party's Observable Framework page visualising the consortium's 2025 data, January to May 2025, on rud.is; its descriptive paragraphs are followed in the text by the interface string of the Claude assistant)",
   "files": {
    "B3.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B3.html",
     "sha256": "c8f7088d06b5055f2c6bb6f7697a7fb124e1851d7253984a6e04c6361dece2f3"
    },
    "B3.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B3.txt",
     "sha256": "58002492857a74eb95c1ebfccf5e5cec0b39dde111effb2d5be2dfe8950d5dea"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:50Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://rud.is/obs/framework2/ccc/",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B3.html",
    "raw_sha256": "c8f7088d06b5055f2c6bb6f7697a7fb124e1851d7253984a6e04c6361dece2f3",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B3.txt"
    ]
   },
   "names_operator": "yes ('a collaborative project between Harvard University and University of Connecticut')",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "note": "URL found by WebSearch on the title and the author's name. The snippet is verbatim on the page (title, then the opening sentence). The page is undated; it states its data cover January to May 2025. Its text carries, directly after its description of the dataset, 'RetryClaude can make mistakes. Please double-check responses.' (F36): the description was carried into the page from a session with the Claude assistant, its interface string with it. Third-party page; quoted in short spans.",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031",
     "card": 3
    }
   ],
   "card_title": "Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data",
   "card_snippet": "Crowd Counting Consortium 2025 U.S. Protest Event Data. The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a collaborative project between Harvard University and University...",
   "card_note": null
  },
  {
   "id": "B4",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 4",
   "card": "Counting Crowds — crowdcounters – Counting Crowds",
   "url": "https://countingcrowds.org/author/crowdcounters/",
   "kind": "Overview card (the author archive of 'crowdcounters' on Counting Crowds, the consortium's blog: eight posts, 9 February 2021 to 10 May 2024, by excerpt)",
   "files": {
    "B4.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B4.html",
     "sha256": "d9a2fe6edc796efdaa66f9d576845a453ad91fafa5b6420731c9ec2f5ada23b2"
    },
    "B4.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B4.txt",
     "sha256": "79b799fd98bb1d6efcd4f3977f913dbbe9e4225f58752c565e21682a55e2df74"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:51Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://countingcrowds.org/author/crowdcounters/",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B4.html",
    "raw_sha256": "d9a2fe6edc796efdaa66f9d576845a453ad91fafa5b6420731c9ec2f5ada23b2",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B4.txt"
    ]
   },
   "names_operator": "yes ('Welcome to the blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium, a.k.a. CCC')",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "note": "URL from the card's title (the WordPress author archive for 'crowdcounters' on countingcrowds.org). The card's snippet ('Overview: … co-founded by Erica Chenoweth (Harvard) and Jeremy Pressman ...') is not on the page: the nearest page text is the 'Hello, World!' excerpt of 9 February 2021 (F38); the snippet is a composition of the rail.",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031",
     "card": 4
    }
   ],
   "card_title": "crowdcounters – Counting Crowds",
   "card_snippet": "Overview: Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a scholarly project documenting U.S. political crowds, co-founded by Erica Chenoweth (Harvard) and Jeremy Pressman ...",
   "card_note": "the snippet is the rail's own composition ('Overview:'); it is absent from the page"
  },
  {
   "id": "B5",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 5",
   "card": "Policy Commons — Crowd Counting Consortium - Policy Commons",
   "url": null,
   "kind": "Overview card (a Policy Commons page on the consortium; unreachable)",
   "files": {
    "B5-403.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B5-403.html",
     "sha256": "c6c2ec15f9ea2c6817d1ce4766212c5ea818c03473369ca17ee0fa4a7b9fa7b7"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "unreachable": true,
    "tries": [
     {
      "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:51Z",
      "url": "https://policycommons.net/orgs/crowd-counting-consortium/",
      "http": 403,
      "sha256": "c6c2ec15f9ea2c6817d1ce4766212c5ea818c03473369ca17ee0fa4a7b9fa7b7",
      "result": "a bot check ('<title>Just a moment...</title>', Cloudflare challenge page) refusing the census agent at the site's organisation path; not retried with another agent string or by another route"
     }
    ],
    "searches": [
     "WebSearch '\"Crowd Counting Consortium\" Policy Commons'",
     "WebSearch 'policycommons.net \"Crowd Counting Consortium\" joint project Harvard Kennedy School University of Connecticut'",
     "WebSearch '\"Crowd Counting Consortium - Policy Commons\"'"
    ],
    "result": "no Policy Commons URL in three searches; the path tried is the site's organisation path for the name, and the site refused it with a bot check. The card's URL is undetermined; its title and snippet stand as its only text."
   },
   "names_operator": "yes, in the snippet ('a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut')",
   "names_archive": "no (snippet and title)",
   "note": "Unreachable; the snippet restates the opening sentence of B1 (F2), one lineage with it.",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031",
     "card": 5
    }
   ],
   "card_title": "Crowd Counting Consortium - Policy Commons",
   "card_snippet": "The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC), a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut, collects publicly available data on political ...",
   "card_note": null
  },
  {
   "id": "B6",
   "origin": "card",
   "role": "Overview card 6",
   "card": "X·crowdcounting — Crowd Counting (@crowdcounting) / X",
   "url": "https://x.com/crowdcounting",
   "kind": "Overview card (the consortium's X profile, @crowdcounting, as served to a signed-out agent: profile and five posts, 18 January 2020 to 29 August 2024)",
   "files": {
    "B6.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B6.html",
     "sha256": "5e56ffb881defc7a6d7808919fe1d6b72c21fe181aff001088599b82a6fc705f"
    },
    "B6.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B6.txt",
     "sha256": "1d8f339175325627fea73820e8a3667d5380a4f0ff15e95f99d41435d3343e57"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:52Z",
    "http": 200,
    "url": "https://x.com/crowdcounting",
    "raw": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B6.html",
    "raw_sha256": "5e56ffb881defc7a6d7808919fe1d6b72c21fe181aff001088599b82a6fc705f",
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B6.txt"
    ]
   },
   "names_operator": "yes ('The Crowd Counting Consortium is co-directed by @ ericachenoweth and @ djpressman')",
   "names_archive": "no (none of the Crimson Hexagonal Archive, Alexanarch, Lee Sharks, maryleelabor, laborvector, machinemediation, EA-WG-CAPTURES-01 in the saved text, card title and snippet)",
   "note": "URL from the card's site and title (the handle @crowdcounting). The snippet is verbatim in the served page (the post of 29 August 2024). Two posts are withheld from signed-out view ('You’re unable to view this Post because this account owner limits who can view their Posts.').",
   "surfaced_by_T": [
    {
     "slug": "crowd-counting-consortium-aio-20261031",
     "card": 6
    }
   ],
   "card_title": "Crowd Counting (@crowdcounting) / X",
   "card_snippet": "Crowd Counting @crowdcounting Aug 29, 2024 Since 2017, we've tallied 200,000 protests and rallies in the US...and counting. Read more about the CCC here ash.har...",
   "card_note": null
  },
  {
   "id": "B7",
   "origin": "wikipedia",
   "role": "Wikipedia (no article)",
   "card": "Wikipedia — Crowd Counting Consortium (no article)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowd_Counting_Consortium",
   "kind": "Wikipedia, English: no article; a full-text search; the article Crowd counting, which names the consortium in its external links",
   "files": {
    "B7.wiki": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B7.wiki",
     "sha256": "0f864ad05eae5a663cb453118d7a3838064898c42b7c8522ca5962e49845754d"
    },
    "B7.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B7.html",
     "sha256": "110260b1f5d0e6a0231fa677311288420478ef26596cb6679d7f470b14b767e2"
    },
    "B7-search.html": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B7-search.html",
     "sha256": "49b2d86b84ad825c506fe793deebe5cef9dcb749e6b75c109d367e8f48da803f"
    },
    "B7-crowd-counting.wiki": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B7-crowd-counting.wiki",
     "sha256": "cdf9257875c8b9037435162b224d8fcfa521ba1953f91104e9aaac9a91fb6c21"
    },
    "B7.txt": {
     "path": "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B7.txt",
     "sha256": "bbb95dff3981b209042e72347a08cd096546cdba4d9d81030b874316869f13d9"
    }
   },
   "fetched": {
    "tries": [
     {
      "at": "2026-10-31T22:58:52Z",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crowd_Counting_Consortium&action=raw",
      "http": 404,
      "sha256": "0f864ad05eae5a663cb453118d7a3838064898c42b7c8522ca5962e49845754d"
     },
     {
      "at": "2026-10-31T22:59:36Z",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowd_Counting_Consortium",
      "http": 404,
      "sha256": "110260b1f5d0e6a0231fa677311288420478ef26596cb6679d7f470b14b767e2",
      "notice": "Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name"
     },
     {
      "at": "2026-10-31T22:59:37Z",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=query&list=search&srsearch=%22Crowd%20Counting%20Consortium%22",
      "http": 429,
      "note": "rate limit; response not saved; one retry at 2026-10-31T23:00:23Z, also 429; not retried further"
     },
     {
      "at": "2026-10-31T23:00:37Z",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=%22Crowd+Counting+Consortium%22&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns0=1",
      "http": 200,
      "sha256": "49b2d86b84ad825c506fe793deebe5cef9dcb749e6b75c109d367e8f48da803f",
      "notice": "Results 1 – 5 of 5"
     },
     {
      "at": "2026-10-31T22:59:37Z",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crowd_counting&action=raw",
      "http": 200,
      "sha256": "cdf9257875c8b9037435162b224d8fcfa521ba1953f91104e9aaac9a91fb6c21"
     }
    ],
    "text": [
     "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/crowd-counting-consortium-20261031/B7.txt"
    ]
   },
   "names_operator": "no article",
   "names_archive": "no",
   "note": "No article and no redirect. B7.txt summarises the responses, saved verbatim beside it. The article 'Crowd counting' (the estimation of crowd sizes) is a homonym of the name's common noun; it names the consortium once, in its external links.",
   "surfaced_by_T": [],
   "card_title": null,
   "card_snippet": null,
   "card_note": null
  }
 ],
 "field_claims": {
  "F1": {
   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "header",
   "quote": "A public interest and scholarly project to document protests and demonstrations in the United States.",
   "claim": "the consortium's own definition: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protests and demonstrations in the United States",
   "modality": "stipulation",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": true,
   "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States",
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   "quote": "The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a joint project of Harvard Kennedy School and the University of Connecticut that collects publicly available data on political protest events reported in the United States, including rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience.",
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   "quote": "The CCC first emerged from a collaborative effort by Jeremy Pressman (UConn) and Erica Chenoweth (HKS) to estimate the number of participants in the Women’s March on Washington (and its affiliated sister marches nationwide) on January 21, 2017.",
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   "quote": "Since then, the project has expanded to provide near-real-time information on trends in the occurrence, themes, and scale of American protest activity.",
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   "quote": "CCC data are published monthly on a publicly accessible Dataverse, for use by scholars, journalists, movement leaders, and others.",
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   "quote": "The NVA Lab regularly publishes commentary and analysis pieces based on the CCC data, advancing both scholarly and public understandings of protest in the US.",
   "claim": "the Nonviolent Action Lab publishes commentary and analysis on the data",
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   "locus": "Informing the Public, item 1",
   "quote": "CCC data were used to demonstrate that, at that time, the 2017 Women’s March was the largest single-day demonstration in US history.",
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   "locus": "Informing the Public, item 2",
   "quote": "CCC data were used to demonstrate that, at that time, the 2018 March for Our Lives and #Enough Walkouts were the broadest single day demonstration if U.S. history (occurring in over 4400 distinct locations).",
   "claim": "its data showed the 2018 March for Our Lives and #Enough Walkouts the broadest single-day demonstration at that time, in over 4,400 locations",
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   "locus": "Informing the Public, item 3",
   "quote": "CCC data underlie an influential New York Times analysis demonstrating that, at that time, protests in 2020 following George Floyd’s murder constituted the largest and broadest mobilization in U.S. history.",
   "claim": "its data underlie a New York Times analysis of the 2020 protests after George Floyd’s murder as the largest and broadest mobilization at that time",
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   "locus": "Informing the Public, item 4",
   "quote": "Relatedly, CCC data support the claim that the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising was overwhelmingly peaceful , especially relative to the heavy-handed police response.",
   "claim": "its data support the claim that the 2020 Black Lives Matter uprising was overwhelmingly peaceful",
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   "locus": "Informing the Public, item 5",
   "quote": "CCC data underpin an analysis of the 2023-2024 pro-Palestine protests, which were also generally peaceful , despite common narratives that the protests were violent.",
   "claim": "its data underpin an analysis of the 2023–2024 pro-Palestine protests as generally peaceful, against narratives of violence",
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   "locus": "Informing the Public, item 6",
   "quote": "Most recently, the CCC data have been used to rebut the narrative that there is “no resistance” to the second Trump administration. Instead, the CCC data demonstrate higher degrees of protest throughout 2025 than in 2017, a high degree of nonviolent discipline among anti-Trump protesters, and an increasing number of protests (and protest participants) in counties where Trump won majorities in 2024.",
   "claim": "its data rebut the narrative of “no resistance” to the second Trump administration: more protest in 2025 than in 2017, nonviolent discipline, growth in counties Trump won",
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   "locus": "Informing the Public, item 6",
   "quote": "The CCC data also demonstrated that the No Kings protests in June and October of 2025 were among the largest single-day demonstrations in US history.",
   "claim": "its data showed the No Kings protests of June and October 2025 among the largest single-day demonstrations in US history",
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   "locus": "Advancing Scholarship",
   "quote": "Academics routinely turn to the CCC data to study protest, counter-protest, and state response. Articles and essays published by the CCC team since 2017 have collectively garnered more than 600 scholarly citations so far.",
   "claim": "academics use the data to study protest, counter-protest and state response; the team’s articles have more than 600 scholarly citations",
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   "locus": "Meet the Team; commentary of May 10, 2024",
   "quote": "Erica Chenoweth … Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment … Jeremy Pressman … Senior Research Fellow, AY2025-2027 … Christopher Shay … Research Associate, Crowd Counting Consortium … Nonviolent Action Lab Program Director Jay Ulfelder",
   "claim": "the team: Erica Chenoweth, Jeremy Pressman, a research associate of the consortium among others; Jay Ulfelder the Lab’s program director",
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   "locus": "Download the Data",
   "quote": "Protest event data from CCC’s three phases — 2017-2020, 2021-2024, and 2025 to the present — can be downloaded from the project’s Dataverse.",
   "claim": "the data in three phases, 2017–2020, 2021–2024, 2025 to the present, downloadable from the Dataverse",
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   "locus": "Submit a Record",
   "quote": "We only post records that we can confirm and verify through fact-checking. When you submit a record, be sure to provide a source that is publicly verifiable",
   "claim": "only records confirmed and verified by fact-checking are posted; a submission must carry a publicly verifiable source",
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   "locus": "Submit a Record",
   "quote": "We will never post, release, or share identifying information that has not already been reported in the public domain.",
   "claim": "it will never share identifying information not already reported in the public domain",
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  },
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   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "FAQ, What kind of actions are you collecting?",
   "quote": "We collect publicly available data on political crowds reported in the United States, including marches, protests, demonstrations, riots, and other actions. We do not count crowds at meetings, teach-ins or academic workshops, panel discussions, fundraisers, or town halls.",
   "claim": "its unit: political crowds reported in the US, riots among them; crowds at meetings, teach-ins, workshops, panels, fundraisers and town halls excluded",
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   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "FAQ, What do you intend to do with these data?",
   "quote": "Our goal is to make the aggregate data on crowd numbers publicly available for each event. We are collecting this data in the public interest and to further scholarly research.",
   "claim": "its goal: aggregate crowd numbers public for each event, in the public interest and for research",
   "modality": "stipulation",
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   "kernel": false,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States",
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  },
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   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "FAQ, Human Research Subject boards",
   "quote": "This is a public-interest project. The University of Denver’s Office of Research Integrity and Education determined that the project does not qualify as human subjects research and therefore does not require further review or oversight by its Institutional Review Board. The University of Connecticut made a similar determination.",
   "claim": "the University of Denver and UConn determined that it is not human subjects research",
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  },
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   "source": "B1",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "FAQ, Where can I get the data?; How should I cite these data?",
   "quote": "The data and associated documentation are shared via the Harvard Dataverse … Please include a citation to the Crowd Counting Consortium such as: Crowd Counting Consortium, crowdcounting.org, accessed September 17, 2021.",
   "claim": "data and documentation on the Harvard Dataverse; the citation form names crowdcounting.org",
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   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "FAQ, Where does your funding come from?",
   "quote": "Funding is made possible in part by the Freedom Together Foundation, New Venture Fund, Humanity United, the John T. and Catherine D. MacArthur Foundation … Previously, we received support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York",
   "claim": "funded in part by foundations and university centres, previously by the Carnegie Corporation of New York",
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   "locus": "FAQ, last paragraph",
   "quote": "We have collaborated with countlove.org , a volunteer group that developed a webcrawler to identify protests and demonstrations on a daily basis.",
   "claim": "it has collaborated with countlove.org, a volunteer group whose webcrawler identifies protests daily",
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   "locus": "commentary list, Oct 23, 2024",
   "quote": "From 7 October 2023 to 7 June 2024, the Crowd Counting Consortium recorded nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine protests and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests in the United States. … Oct 23, 2024",
   "claim": "nearly 12,400 pro-Palestine and over 2,000 pro-Israel protests recorded, 7 October 2023 to 7 June 2024",
   "modality": "documented",
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   "locus": "commentary list, May 30, 2024",
   "quote": "Crowd Counting Consortium data show more than 3,700 days with pro-Palestinian protest activity at over 500 U.S. schools since October 7, 2023, including encampments at more than 130 of them.",
   "claim": "pro-Palestinian protest at over 500 US schools since 7 October 2023, encampments at more than 130",
   "modality": "documented",
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  "F28": {
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   "locus": "commentary list, Aug 15, 2025 (the latest listed)",
   "quote": "New data shows No Kings was one of the largest days of protest in US history … Aug 15, 2025",
   "claim": "the latest commentary listed on the page, 15 August 2025",
   "modality": "documented",
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   "locus": "site header",
   "quote": "Blog of the Crowd Counting Consortium",
   "claim": "Counting Crowds is the consortium’s blog",
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   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "About ¶2",
   "quote": "CCC records and shares its data in monthly Google Sheets, which you can find on the project’s View/Download the Data page .",
   "claim": "the data shared in monthly Google Sheets",
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   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "About ¶3",
   "quote": "A compiled and augmented version of the complete dataset can be found in this GitHub repository , which is maintained by the Harvard Kennedy School’s Nonviolent Action Lab . We update that compiled version weekly, usually on Wednesdays.",
   "claim": "a compiled and augmented version kept on GitHub by the Nonviolent Action Lab, updated weekly, usually on Wednesdays",
   "modality": "documented",
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   "source": "B2",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "About ¶4",
   "quote": "You can also explore the compiled data online using this interactive dashboard .",
   "claim": "an interactive dashboard of the compiled data",
   "modality": "documented",
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  "F33": {
   "source": "B3",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶1",
   "quote": "The Crowd Counting Consortium (CCC) is a collaborative project between Harvard University and University of Connecticut that has systematically collected data on political protest events across the United States since January 2017. The dataset encompasses rallies, marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience that articulate grievances against or express support for political targets.",
   "claim": "a third party restates the consortium: a Harvard–UConn project collecting data on US political protest events since January 2017, events that articulate grievances against or support for political targets",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": true,
   "const": false,
   "lineage": "what it is: a public interest and scholarly project documenting protest in the United States",
   "date": "undated (data January–May 2025; fetched 2026-10-31)",
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  "F34": {
   "source": "B3",
   "origin": "card",
   "locus": "¶2 s1–2",
   "quote": "The dataset includes events that are open to the public, free of charge, and nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm to persons). Coverage extends to all U.S. states and territories, with no minimum crowd size requirement.",
   "claim": "the third party gives the dataset’s events as public, free and nonviolent (not primarily organized to cause direct harm), in all US states and territories, with no minimum crowd size",
   "modality": "attributed",
   "kind": "definition",
   "kernel": true,
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 }
}