{ "row": "ata-3i-atlas-search", "address": "A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the Allen Telescope Array", "addresses": [ "A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the Allen Telescope Array", "3i atlas ata drift rate filter" ], "extracted": "2026-11-06", "extractor": "Claude (Opus 5.5), subagent, 2026-11-06, one extractor (unaudited, §3.8)", "rule": "v0.10 §3.5, source-neutral: abstract or opening, defined terms and stated method, headline claims, stated limits; quotes verbatim from the saved page texts (whitespace-normalised for the check; multi-part quotes joined by ' … ', each part checked), the Wikipedia text or wikitext, the PDF's pdftotext, or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T", "B_note": "The field B (§0.4, §3.1(a)), in two pools and kept apart by origin. B_D, the disclosed pool: 'card', every card on the transcript's rail (B1 the arXiv abstract; B2 the journal text on IOPscience, open access; B3 Phys.org, unreachable, snippet only; B4 Berkeley SETI's 3I/ATLAS page; B5 Universe Today; B6 Sci.News; B7 Space). B_R, the reference pool: 'own_page', the arXiv v2 full text (B8); 'wikipedia', the article '3I/ATLAS' (B9), which mentions no radio search. A source in both is carried once, in B_D.", "lineage_note": "Lineages by sense; the field and the archive share them where an archive claim states the same sense. B1, B2 and B8 are one work: the journal's wording (B2) is the published form; B8's instances are kept where the wording differs (§3.6). The SETI Institute statement is one lineage across B3, B6 and B7. See row.objects.P.rail.", "pages": "saved files under datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/ata-3i-atlas-search-20261106/ (Bn.html raw, Bn.txt text with scripts and styles stripped; B8.pdf with B8-pdf-raw.txt and B8-pdf.txt by pdftotext; B2-fig4.jpg and B8-fig4-D3.png, Figure 4 in both versions; B9.wiki the wikitext; tries/ the first fetches and refusals: B1-v2-abs.html, B3-try.html (Phys.org's 429), wp-ata.wiki)", "counts": { "sources": 9, "B_D": 7, "B_R": 2, "fetched": 8, "unreachable": 1, "claims": 63, "claims_B_D": 58, "claims_B_R": 5, "quotes_ok": 63 }, "field": [ { "id": "B1", "card": "arXiv — [2512.18142] A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the Allen Telescope Array", "fetched": "card; B1.html sha256 62b1473f172b476e, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:42Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B2", "card": "IOPscience — A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the ...", "fetched": "card; B2.html sha256 e87d8c7365710eea, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:24:01Z; Figure 4 image saved", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B3", "card": "Phys.org — Interstellar object 3I/ATLAS reveals no technosignatures in seven-hour radio ...", "fetched": "unreachable: https://phys.org/news/2026-06-interstellar-3iatlas-reveals-technosignatures-hour.html HTTP 429 at 2026-11-06T15:23:40Z; card title and snippet only", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B4", "card": "Berkeley SETI — Breakthrough Listen observations of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS", "fetched": "card; B4.html sha256 ed9308f5083ceaa7, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:40Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B5", "card": "Universe Today — Inside the Massive Radio Search of Our Newest Interstellar Guest", "fetched": "card; B5.html sha256 d64b5baf3590ef93, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:41Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B6", "card": "Sci.News — Astronomers Scan Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS for Alien Radio Signals | Sci.News", "fetched": "card; B6.html sha256 c1f42417634f455c, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:41Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B7", "card": "Space — Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is not an alien spacecraft: SETI hunt for 'technosignatures' comes up empty | Space", "fetched": "card; B7.html sha256 fd0141498b7b454f, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:23:42Z", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D" }, { "id": "B8", "card": "arXiv — A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the Allen Telescope Array (v2 full text, HTML and PDF)", "fetched": "own page; B8.html sha256 cca25bb402e51aa7, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:22:15Z; PDF HTTP 200 (sha256 cbee54ee4218b02b); Figure 4 image saved", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R" }, { "id": "B9", "card": "Wikipedia — 3I/ATLAS (the article; no section on the radio searches)", "fetched": "wikipedia; B9.html sha256 d825d374456d3e34, HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:22:15Z; wikitext HTTP 200 (sha256 7c89cc6307ef7cab)", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R" } ], "field_by_origin": { "cards": [ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B7" ], "own_pages": [ "B8" ], "own_pages_note": "the entity's own pages: the arXiv abstract page is card 1 (B1) and the journal text card 2 (B2), each carried once, as a card, in B_D; the arXiv v2 full text (HTML and PDF, B8) is not on T's rail and stands in B_R. Berkeley SETI's 3I/ATLAS page, named in the brief among the entity's pages, is card 4 (B4).", "wikipedia": [ "B9" ], "census_third_party": [], "unreachable": [ "B3" ], "title_only": [ "B3" ], "wikipedia_state": "article: '3I/ATLAS' (rendered HTTP 200 at 2026-11-06T15:22:15Z, wikitext HTTP 200), last edited 30 October 2026 (revision 1382776879); no article on the paper; the article has no SETI section, the string 'radio' occurs nowhere in its wikitext, and its section 'Alien spacecraft speculation' (Loeb's July 2025 paper and its criticism) is the nearest; the article 'Allen Telescope Array' mentions 'Oumuamua (2017) and not 3I/ATLAS. 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the snippet ('Jun 3, 2026 — In this campaign, we used the SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array to observe 3I/ATLAS from 1–9 GHz. 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the abstract as revised in v2, 2026-05-20)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 71068677d526a7a9…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F5": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Abstract", "quote": "These hits were further filtered by the localization code NBeamAnalysis, and the remaining 211 hits were visually inspected in the time-frequency domain.", "claim": "NBeamAnalysis localization; 211 hits visually inspected", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "localization and the 211", "date": "2025-12-19 (v1; the abstract as revised in v2, 2026-05-20)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 71068677d526a7a9…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F6": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Abstract", "quote": "We did not find any signals worthy of additional follow-up.", "claim": "the result: no signals worthy of follow-up", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the result: nothing worthy of follow-up", "date": "2025-12-19 (v1; 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Comments", "quote": "[Submitted on 19 Dec 2025 (v1), last revised 20 May 2026 (this version, v2)] … Replaced with updated version after acceptance to AJ", "claim": "two versions on arXiv; v2 replaced after acceptance to AJ", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "publication and access", "date": "2025-12-19 (v1; the abstract as revised in v2, 2026-05-20)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B1.txt (sha256 71068677d526a7a9…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F9": { "source": "B1", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Authors", "quote": "Sofia Z. 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Sheikh et al 2026 AJ 172 1", "claim": "published open access in The Astronomical Journal 172, 1, 3 June 2026", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "publication and access", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F11": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "licence", "quote": "Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.", "claim": "licensed CC BY 4.0", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "publication and access", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F12": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§1.2", "quote": "The most unambiguous observable, however, would be narrowband emission, particularly in the radio, which can only be produced by technological sources.", "claim": "narrowband radio emission the most unambiguous observable of artificiality", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "why search an interstellar object", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F13": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§1.2", "quote": "We note that there is no compelling evidence yet that 3I/ATLAS has any nonnatural characteristics despite extensive observation by the scientific community. 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This is standard practice", "claim": "no compelling evidence of nonnatural characteristics; constraints worth setting as standard practice", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "why search an interstellar object", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F14": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§2", "quote": "Following the announcement of 3I/ATLAS, the ATA team rapidly designed an observing campaign and initiated on-sky observations on 2025 July 2, approximately 23 hr following the initial ATLAS report.", "claim": "observations began 2 July 2025, about 23 hr after the report", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the campaign: sessions, band, beams", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F15": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§2", "quote": "We took data across five observing sessions, with a total of 7.25 hr of on-source observations.", "claim": "five sessions, 7.25 hr on source", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the campaign: sessions, band, beams", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F16": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.1", "quote": "with a minimum drift rate of −4 Hz s−1, a maximum drift rate of 4 Hz s−1, and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold of 15", "claim": "bliss run from −4 to +4 Hz/s at SNR 15", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "finding hits: bliss", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F17": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.1", "quote": "this survey uses one of the lowest SNR thresholds in any modern SETI survey", "claim": "one of the lowest SNR thresholds of any modern SETI survey", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "finding hits: bliss", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F18": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.2", "quote": "To filter out signals that do not match the dynamics of 3I/ATLAS, we characterized the acceleration of the object during the times of observation, to compare the observed drift rates with those expected from the acceleration between the object and the Earth.", "claim": "the drift filter's stated purpose: remove signals that do not match the object's dynamics", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F19": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.2", "quote": "We took the time derivative of the deldot parameter within JPL Horizons, which gives the apparent range rate relative to the observer in km/s.", "claim": "the acceleration from the time derivative of Horizons' deldot", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F20": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.2", "quote": "The values for all five sessions fell within 3.2 × 10−5 to 3.5 × 10−5 km s−2", "claim": "accelerations of 3.2 to 3.5 × 10−5 km/s² in all five sessions", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F21": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.2", "quote": "the maximum drift rate of 3I/ATLAS would be 1.01 Hz s−1 … the minimum drift rate of 3I/ATLAS would be 0.15 Hz s−1", "claim": "expected drift of 3I/ATLAS from 0.15 Hz/s (1336 MHz) to 1.01 Hz/s (8728 MHz), stated as magnitudes", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F22": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.2", "quote": "However, the rotation or tumbling period of 3I/ATLAS is not yet certain: this contribution, especially in solar system objects, can be extremely large.", "claim": "rotation or tumbling uncertain and possibly large", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F23": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.2", "quote": "We filter our hits for drift rates between 0.05 and 1.5 Hz s−1 at all frequencies, sufficient to capture the known acceleration of 3I/ATLAS at all frequencies within our sample with some flexibility for additional rotational contributions.", "claim": "the drift-rate filter: 0.05 to 1.5 Hz/s at all frequencies", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": true, "const": true, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F24": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§4, Figure 4 caption", "quote": "Note the peak of hits around 0 Hz s−1 (expected because most RFI transmitters are in the same reference frame as the telescope, i.e., on the ground). After the drift-rate cut, the count of hits is much more even across the restricted drift-rate range.", "claim": "most hits near zero drift, from ground transmitters; the retained range shown after the cut", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised", "figure_observed": { "files": [ "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/ata-3i-atlas-search-20261106/B2-fig4.jpg", "datasets/negative-of-the-negative/v2/intake/ata-3i-atlas-search-20261106/B8-fig4-D3.png" ], "by": "the composer, 2026-11-06", "observation": "Figure 4 in both the journal (B2) and arXiv v2 (B8) plots drift rate on a signed axis from −4 to +4 Hz/s; the bars labelled 'Drift Rate Range Hits' occupy 0 to about +1.5 Hz/s and none of the negative half. Read from the images; the legend label is in the image and not in the saved text." } }, "F25": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§4", "quote": "we identified a total of 73,974,799 narrowband hits across the 7.25 hr of observation. … a total blanked bandwidth of 1269.8 MHz (∼16% of the total bandwidth) we were then left with ∼11 million hits. After drift-rate blanking, ∼2 million hits remained.", "claim": "the counts: 73,974,799 hits; 1269.8 MHz blanked; about 11 million; about 2 million after drift-rate blanking", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "frequency blanking", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F26": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§4, Figure 3 caption", "quote": "Applying blanking ranges and drift-rate limits significantly reduced dense clusters of hits (reducing the total number of hits by 97.4%)", "claim": "blanking and drift limits reduced the hits by 97.4%", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "frequency blanking", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F27": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§3.3", "quote": "The NBeamAnalysis pipeline employs a series of different procedures which leverage two beams to identify signals that are consistent with a localized point source on the sky", "claim": "NBeamAnalysis compares two beams for a localized point source", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "localization and the 211", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F28": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§4", "quote": "Of these plots, 11 are events with SNR ratios greater than 5.29 … The remaining 200 plots were from two observations that did not produce any final signals above the threshold, resulting in the backup plotting functionality", "claim": "the 211: 11 above the SNR-ratio threshold and 200 backup plots from two sessions", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "localization and the 211", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F29": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§4", "quote": "After visual inspection, all of these 211 events were easily attributable to RFI: none of the 11 sky-localized events depict narrowband drifting signals, and the narrowband drifting signals in the remaining 200 plots are not consistent with a sky-localized signal coming from 3I/Atlas, therefore zero outputs depict nonterrestrial technological signals.", "claim": "the 211 attributed to RFI by visual inspection; zero nonterrestrial technological signals", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the 211 classified as interference", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F30": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§4, Figure 7 caption", "quote": "this frequency is consistent with the L-band downlink for the Iridium satellites … satellites and other distant human transmitters can mimic the characteristics that we would expect from a true ETI technosignature", "claim": "Figure 7: a sky-localized event consistent with the Iridium downlink", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the 211 classified as interference", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F31": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§4, Figure 8 caption", "quote": "the signal has a similar SNR in both the on-beam and the off-beam, indicating a local interferer in the allocation allotted to fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space)", "claim": "Figure 8: similar strength in both beams, a local interferer", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the 211 classified as interference", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F32": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§5", "quote": "Our system achieves maximum dechirping efficiency for drift rates of 0.113 Hz s−1 or less, with sensitivity getting gradually worse as the drift rates increase. … We also calculated a worst-case EIRP for the lowest dechirping efficiencies in our survey (i.e., those corresponding to 1.5 Hz s−1)", "claim": "sensitivity falls with drift rate; worst case at 1.5 Hz/s", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the power limit and its ranges", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F33": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§5", "quote": "the authors report a minimum EIRP value of 0.17 W. This value is about commensurate with a cellphone handset, significantly more sensitive than this work … this work increases the frequencies covered for 3I/ATLAS by a factor of 10", "claim": "MeerKAT more sensitive (0.17 W) over 900–1670 MHz; this search covers ten times the frequencies", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the power limit and its ranges", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F34": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§6", "quote": "This result implies EIRP upper limits of 10–110 W across our frequency and drift-rate range.", "claim": "the conclusion: 10–110 W across the frequency and drift-rate range", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the power limit and its ranges", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F35": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§6", "quote": "as far as we know, this is the first time that expected drift-rate contributions have been used as a filter for a technosignature search of a solar system object", "claim": "the first use of expected drift-rate contributions as a filter in a search of a solar system object", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "genealogy", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F36": { "source": "B2", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "§6", "quote": "In the future, the blanking ranges for RFI in this project will be explored in more detail", "claim": "the blanking ranges to be explored further", "modality": "self-description", "kind": "prediction", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "frequency blanking", "date": "2026-06-03 (published; received 2025-11-21, accepted 2026-04-27)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B2.txt (sha256 a996f70dd5df15c8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F37": { "source": "B3", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "card snippet", "quote": "While no technosignatures were found, the study sets new constraints reinforcing that 3I/ATLAS is a natural object.", "claim": "press: new constraints reinforcing that the object is natural", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the result in the press", "date": "2026-06-03 (the card)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "the card's title and snippet as rendered in T (unreachable source), whitespace-normalised" }, "F38": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "introduction", "quote": "There is currently no evidence to suggest that it is anything other than a natural astrophysical object.", "claim": "no evidence that it is other than natural", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "why search an interstellar object", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 11e83765f9b4e2d8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F39": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "introduction", "quote": "No technosignatures have been detected in any of these searches.", "claim": "no technosignatures in any Breakthrough Listen search of the object", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the result: nothing worthy of follow-up", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 11e83765f9b4e2d8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F40": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Allen Telescope Array", "quote": "Data were acquired across frequencies of 1 - 9 GHz, reaching sensitivities between 10 - 110 W equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP). A publication reporting the results of the analysis has been submitted for peer review", "claim": "the project page: 1–9 GHz, 10–110 W; the paper given as submitted for review", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": true, "const": false, "lineage": "the power limit and its ranges", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 11e83765f9b4e2d8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised", "mark": { "mark": "superseded_in_source", "with": [ "F10" ], "note": "the page gives the paper as submitted for peer review; it was published in AJ on 3 June 2026 (B2). The page also states the 10–110 W without the drift-rate range (F7, F34)" } }, "F41": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Allen Telescope Array, figure caption", "quote": "The diagonal stripe at the center is visible in observations of 3I/ATLAS as well as in off-target observations - characteristics expected from local (human) sources of interference - and hence can be rejected as a candidate technosignature", "claim": "a stripe in both beams rejected as local interference", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the 211 classified as interference", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 11e83765f9b4e2d8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F42": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "Data", "quote": "Data from the ATA are available here.", "claim": "the ATA data public", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "publication and access", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 11e83765f9b4e2d8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F43": { "source": "B4", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "summary", "quote": "In summary, 3I/ATLAS continues to behave as expected from natural astrophysical processes.", "claim": "the object behaves as natural", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the result in the press", "date": "undated (the page as fetched 2026-11-06)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B4.txt (sha256 11e83765f9b4e2d8…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F44": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶1", "quote": "It feels like every week now we’re writing a new article about how 3I/ATLAS is not an alien technology. But it’s worth re-iterating, and perhaps taking a look at the methodology we used to prove that statement.", "claim": "press: the methodology used to prove the object not alien technology", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the result in the press", "date": "2026-01-06 (published)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 8ce18e8126032346…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F45": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶5", "quote": "ATA monitored the frequency space between 1-12 GHz", "claim": "press: the band given as 1-12 GHz", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the campaign: sessions, band, beams", "date": "2026-01-06 (published)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 8ce18e8126032346…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised", "mark": { "mark": "contradicts_primary", "with": [ "F1", "F15" ], "note": "the band given as 1-12 GHz; the paper (B1 Abstract; B2 Table 1, 'Comprising 7.25 Hr Over 1–9 GHz') gives 1–9 GHz" } }, "F46": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶6", "quote": "Then they filtered for signals only matching the acceleration (red-shift) expected by 3I/ATLAS - a new feature of the bliss signal pipeline.", "claim": "press: the filter kept only signals matching the expected acceleration", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-01-06 (published)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 8ce18e8126032346…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F47": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶7", "quote": "each one was determined to be caused by Earth-based radio frequency interference that had slipped through the automated filtering process. As such, the ATA team ended with a “null” result", "claim": "press: each of the 211 determined to be Earth-based interference; a null result", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the 211 classified as interference", "date": "2026-01-06 (published)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 8ce18e8126032346…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F48": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶8", "quote": "That null result comes with a caveat, though. … For a 1 GHz signal, they calculated it would be around 10 watts - about 5 times the power of a typical cell phone. At 9 GHz, this power jumps up to around 110 watts.", "claim": "press: the caveat, the power limit by frequency", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the power limit and its ranges", "date": "2026-01-06 (published)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 8ce18e8126032346…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F49": { "source": "B5", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "¶8", "quote": "But it seems pretty clear that a civilization advanced enough to intentionally send an interstellar object to another system would put in a radio transmitter that was stronger than two light bulbs put together.", "claim": "press: a sender would use a stronger transmitter", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the result in the press", "date": "2026-01-06 (published)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B5.txt (sha256 8ce18e8126032346…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F50": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "lede", "quote": "astronomers probed 3I/ATLAS for artificial radio transmissions but found only human-made interference", "claim": "press: only human-made interference found", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the 211 classified as interference", "date": "2026-06-09 (published, by its metadata)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 228cd2cef63bc608…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F51": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "body", "quote": "After removing human interference and filtering for signals matching the object’s movement, only about 200 remained for review. All traced back to technology on the surface of the Earth or our own Earth-orbiting satellites.", "claim": "press: about 200 left after filtering; all traced to ground technology or satellites", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the 211 classified as interference", "date": "2026-06-09 (published, by its metadata)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 228cd2cef63bc608…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F52": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "body", "quote": "While no technosignatures were found, the study sets new constraints reinforcing that 3I/ATLAS is a natural object.", "claim": "press (the SETI Institute statement): constraints reinforcing a natural object", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the result in the press", "date": "2026-06-09 (published, by its metadata)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 228cd2cef63bc608…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F53": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "body", "quote": "The observations place upper limits on the power of any radio transmitter on or near 3I/ATLAS, ruling out signals stronger than about 10-110 W — approximately the power of a household appliance — over the detected frequencies.", "claim": "press (the SETI Institute statement): any transmitter on or near the object above 10-110 W ruled out over the detected frequencies", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the power limit and its ranges", "date": "2026-06-09 (published, by its metadata)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 228cd2cef63bc608…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F54": { "source": "B6", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "body", "quote": "“The results from 3I/ATLAS show how realistic it is to detect a signal with the technology we have today,” said Dr. Valeria Garcia Lopez", "claim": "Garcia Lopez: detection realistic with present technology", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "why search an interstellar object", "date": "2026-06-09 (published, by its metadata)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B6.txt (sha256 228cd2cef63bc608…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F55": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "lede", "quote": "Sorry, true believers: It appears the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is indeed just a comet.", "claim": "press: the object just a comet", "modality": "interpretation", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the result in the press", "date": "2026-06-04 (published, by its metadata; the statement it quotes dated Wednesday, June 3)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 c915a563e6bcaebc…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F56": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "body", "quote": "The researchers identified nearly 74 million such signals, which they then culled to about 200 after eliminating human interference and filtering out artifacts caused by 3I/ATLAS' movement. They were then able to explain away those final 200 as well, as signals generated here on Earth or by orbiting satellites.", "claim": "press: the filter described as removing artifacts of the object's movement; the 200 explained as Earth or satellite signals", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-06-04 (published, by its metadata; the statement it quotes dated Wednesday, June 3)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 c915a563e6bcaebc…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised", "mark": { "mark": "contradicts_primary", "with": [ "F18", "F23" ], "note": "'filtering out artifacts caused by 3I/ATLAS' movement' states the filter's sense reversed: the paper's filter removes signals that do not match the object's dynamics and keeps those that do (B2 §3.2)" } }, "F57": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "body", "quote": "\"Eventually, our own Voyager spacecraft will be extraterrestrial artifacts in other stellar systems,\" Sheikh said in the same statement. \"Given that, it is important that we understand the natural distribution of interstellar objects so that we will be able to identify any anomalies that could one day be signs of an artificial interstellar object.\"", "claim": "Sheikh: understand the natural distribution to recognise anomalies", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "why search an interstellar object", "date": "2026-06-04 (published, by its metadata; the statement it quotes dated Wednesday, June 3)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 c915a563e6bcaebc…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F58": { "source": "B7", "origin": "card", "pool": "B_D", "locus": "body", "quote": "\"sets new constraints reinforcing that 3I/ATLAS is a natural object,\" SETI Institute officials wrote in the same statement.", "claim": "the SETI Institute's statement, attributed", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "attribution", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the result in the press", "date": "2026-06-04 (published, by its metadata; the statement it quotes dated Wednesday, June 3)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B7.txt (sha256 c915a563e6bcaebc…) or the card's title and snippet as rendered in T, whitespace-normalised" }, "F59": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "§3.2 (PDF)", "quote": "We filter our hits for drift rates between 0.05–1.5 Hz/s at all frequencies", "claim": "the drift-rate filter in the arXiv wording, 0.05–1.5 Hz/s", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-05-20 (arXiv v2)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (HTML, sha256 53fb69e4a124f063…) or B8-pdf-raw.txt (pdftotext of B8.pdf, sha256 66c2c0142951b3dc…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F60": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "§3.2 (HTML)", "quote": "We filter our hits for drift rates between 0.05--1.5 Hz/s at all frequencies", "claim": "the drift-rate filter in the arXiv HTML rendering ('0.05--1.5')", "modality": "stipulation", "kind": "function", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-05-20 (arXiv v2)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (HTML, sha256 53fb69e4a124f063…) or B8-pdf-raw.txt (pdftotext of B8.pdf, sha256 66c2c0142951b3dc…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F61": { "source": "B8", "origin": "own_page", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "§3.2 (PDF)", "quote": "the minimum drift rate of 3I/ATLAS would be 0.15 Hz/s", "claim": "the expected minimum drift as a magnitude in Hz/s", "modality": "documented", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the drift-rate filter", "date": "2026-05-20 (arXiv v2)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B8.txt (HTML, sha256 53fb69e4a124f063…) or B8-pdf-raw.txt (pdftotext of B8.pdf, sha256 66c2c0142951b3dc…), whitespace-normalised" }, "F62": { "source": "B9", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "section 'Alien spacecraft speculation'", "quote": "On 16 July 2025, astrophysicist Avi Loeb and other researchers of the Initiative for Interstellar Studies posted a paper on arXiv speculating that 3I/ATLAS could be an extraterrestrial spacecraft", "claim": "the encyclopedia's account of the technosignature question: Loeb's paper of July 2025", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "fact", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-10-30 (the article's last edit)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 34864e27820be7d5…) or the wikitext B9.wiki, whitespace-normalised" }, "F63": { "source": "B9", "origin": "wikipedia", "pool": "B_R", "locus": "section 'Alien spacecraft speculation'", "quote": "the overwhelming consensus is that it is a comet", "claim": "the encyclopedia's report of the consensus (Live Science)", "modality": "attributed", "kind": "interpretation", "kernel": false, "const": false, "lineage": "the encyclopedia", "date": "2026-10-30 (the article's last edit)", "quote_ok": true, "checked_against": "saved text B9.txt (sha256 34864e27820be7d5…) or the wikitext B9.wiki, whitespace-normalised" } }, "field_sources": { "B1": "arXiv — [2512.18142] A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the Allen Telescope Array", "B2": "IOPscience — A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the ...", "B3": "Phys.org — Interstellar object 3I/ATLAS reveals no technosignatures in seven-hour radio ...", "B4": "Berkeley SETI — Breakthrough Listen observations of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS", "B5": "Universe Today — Inside the Massive Radio Search of Our Newest Interstellar Guest", "B6": "Sci.News — Astronomers Scan Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS for Alien Radio Signals | Sci.News", "B7": "Space — Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is not an alien spacecraft: SETI hunt for 'technosignatures' comes up empty | Space", "B8": "arXiv — A Search for Radio Technosignatures from Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS with the Allen Telescope Array (v2 full text, HTML and PDF)", "B9": "Wikipedia — 3I/ATLAS (the article; no section on the radio searches)" } }