[Google AI Overview at the query, signed out and incognito (operator defaults of 2026-10-01 and 2026-10-14), 2026-10-29. The paste is the Overview expanded (the 'AI Mode Conversation' view, with the source cards that follow the answer); the 'You said' line carries the query twice, run together, and is given once here. Inline links are Google redirect URLs, kept as pasted.]

[QUERENT] Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts

[SYSTEM] The [Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESVwHrOzAVesmCXyNkU-8dsk0VwPSNwcHVwnl-ZGFBUHgNuuZR3-svu7TVa-utXvqL4MWlTL1C4IUArN2TjlJ4YZ8eo4uZLccUsgR7KceUnzeSl-awda9l9w) (SDBM) is a free, open-access, crowd-sourced digital research tool hosted by the [Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESWgHrOzAVFcrYiHpkioIRN9Z33mmJEBFf87KerwsXaYDVHIiDAwvHUCTiybU0B7fXz0FF7Pwjv64Mw7IG3mYxRs3S8qu70LvYFrwi5qTwjWn2WUnfs681VCHQww) at Penn Libraries. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESeAHrOzAV3vvVKinIyL3mWdjB3ZGlYDa6hUNENyCfZ8bhG_B3spW6AkH7N0xxMWSTdqPM3REwlDvjA1Mtah-8XfpaSKzEzbZOlPeZN8fJr_1RxnZ16em8SWldqMcN6-sLi3jvgosZ7BxHN-pyRs4ifYxfjx9ZzKet6g), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAEStQEB6zswFQ48IwKkfUtmbiudI2xAyCMNlolv_NF6zt8pU-WFiZc6ejmAg_zUXLsvSkEM97E4pPf9aJjHVEirpBjkGL0OYAk_U1q5DN3KhdPuxXReGd9HVDSnNiVuQWDOzeet93saKF5yN4Ojn6UUJUePq0HXKPuIvMVkKYQ8aGneRIOeAloWnW8gcL2L2tmm4GpiHKCbb0eyAdP7vdzh7YjoCig367wTEeV56qTBi0lMw9jAj-q1), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESZQHrOzAVDnKHE2_PSmKmAbShcSC4s7xvWcg2LuciEdu6rLpS0I3I_gnIMKNP01wcSedLvZdya8y43b15edYRH6s5jR73sVISD5JnXaoJNLVfH5synbehCa6mD7nTG5w65jtOtXVy)]
Key Features and Scope

* Purpose: Allows scholars, collectors, and researchers to trace the history and provenance of pre-modern manuscripts from their creation to the present. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESawHrOzAV0Mz0-mbwraqj8IKCu3RDW89bldt4esdvqrC9tJzvLlKJc_2XmTYsBP-ydn8V94FZ9NzGLnfmNjtOBNpaNqb9Jp3Gm7npaXKGdtrYVSHmbp4JLSEtdoUevd2MUE2fsG9U9uHizxCi), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAEStQEB6zswFQ48IwKkfUtmbiudI2xAyCMNlolv_NF6zt8pU-WFiZc6ejmAg_zUXLsvSkEM97E4pPf9aJjHVEirpBjkGL0OYAk_U1q5DN3KhdPuxXReGd9HVDSnNiVuQWDOzeet93saKF5yN4Ojn6UUJUePq0HXKPuIvMVkKYQ8aGneRIOeAloWnW8gcL2L2tmm4GpiHKCbb0eyAdP7vdzh7YjoCig367wTEeV56qTBi0lMw9jAj-q1)]
* Data Scale: Contains over 240,000 manuscript observation records gathered from more. than 14,000 auction catalogs, sales records, institutional inventories, and private collections. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESigEB6zswFRTCq9aBqMjttHajABGm4mJZ1KDv-LabUN2eJu173PjNUYG20fFeio_uR83Q8BeWGZxM-3DmAWgpwCfX0qUpX4-OitqDn2yekLYI395rZ7aOahAnrJpg3c3r0_CbQOFV9xP61Og1uLkLQ3w5BKGsIyryDzFw9cY3eqbvPvs5XxOmHVE-ZnY), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESfgHrOzAVh-ADY2u7IkV-9rA5wmvgcjNOMcFahtDNr18ZbeDxX7wbOEYV1k8T_NAhBk23y75tZTEfBtDC6nY4B3amPdQMzei7WPUMAGWjGaP52eihbP4W6KVESfNVxuaX9H0Qh3nLIGWsaFGi0KJVYs-ODLA89GrX03YixgmHSA)]
* Time Period & Geography: Focuses primarily on pre-modern manuscripts dated from 500 to 1600 (though holdings span broader ranges), covering Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESfwHrOzAVXhVfNVexyUNMK4z7KODh49BHzcF7buPnxVsaGr9m9D0zBm8rc1gAj09QLVK_Dfvqe-FUh9G9unsVMx8A_UHzt_PE8uolh-x6eWtzz7ZrrT2J4O84TneniBDEWbO6lHSQEFlJVGwbxL4vOO-jMcZ9Rf-HARD3oi29PQI), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESeAHrOzAV3vvVKinIyL3mWdjB3ZGlYDa6hUNENyCfZ8bhG_B3spW6AkH7N0xxMWSTdqPM3REwlDvjA1Mtah-8XfpaSKzEzbZOlPeZN8fJr_1RxnZ16em8SWldqMcN6-sLi3jvgosZ7BxHN-pyRs4ifYxfjx9ZzKet6g)]
* Access & Formats: Free to use without a fee; data is searchable, browsable, and exportable in `.xlsx` and `.csv` formats. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESeAHrOzAV3vvVKinIyL3mWdjB3ZGlYDa6hUNENyCfZ8bhG_B3spW6AkH7N0xxMWSTdqPM3REwlDvjA1Mtah-8XfpaSKzEzbZOlPeZN8fJr_1RxnZ16em8SWldqMcN6-sLi3jvgosZ7BxHN-pyRs4ifYxfjx9ZzKet6g), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESZQHrOzAVDnKHE2_PSmKmAbShcSC4s7xvWcg2LuciEdu6rLpS0I3I_gnIMKNP01wcSedLvZdya8y43b15edYRH6s5jR73sVISD5JnXaoJNLVfH5synbehCa6mD7nTG5w65jtOtXVy)]

Core Record Structure
The database operates using five primary relational record types: [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESaQHrOzAVLV4KPyDvlLG3iOgMt7k0CXrHDubJPiwKGN_ByAle5ERN6i8FDunUtcOxdC2RWmzycU0xEtqO1xKgcXv5YPSe95OE8vkNhlSAIhxlPqW8p_wfs9U98i7fzLo99KJT09DewILvYA)]

* Sources: Catalogs, websites, and documents that describe manuscripts. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESaQHrOzAVLV4KPyDvlLG3iOgMt7k0CXrHDubJPiwKGN_ByAle5ERN6i8FDunUtcOxdC2RWmzycU0xEtqO1xKgcXv5YPSe95OE8vkNhlSAIhxlPqW8p_wfs9U98i7fzLo99KJT09DewILvYA)]
* Entries: Individual observations or listings extracted from those sources. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESaQHrOzAVLV4KPyDvlLG3iOgMt7k0CXrHDubJPiwKGN_ByAle5ERN6i8FDunUtcOxdC2RWmzycU0xEtqO1xKgcXv5YPSe95OE8vkNhlSAIhxlPqW8p_wfs9U98i7fzLo99KJT09DewILvYA)]
* Manuscript Records: Centralized hubs that link multiple entries of the same physical manuscript over time. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESaQHrOzAVLV4KPyDvlLG3iOgMt7k0CXrHDubJPiwKGN_ByAle5ERN6i8FDunUtcOxdC2RWmzycU0xEtqO1xKgcXv5YPSe95OE8vkNhlSAIhxlPqW8p_wfs9U98i7fzLo99KJT09DewILvYA)]
* Name Authority: Index of authors, artists, owners, sellers, and institutions. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESaQHrOzAVLV4KPyDvlLG3iOgMt7k0CXrHDubJPiwKGN_ByAle5ERN6i8FDunUtcOxdC2RWmzycU0xEtqO1xKgcXv5YPSe95OE8vkNhlSAIhxlPqW8p_wfs9U98i7fzLo99KJT09DewILvYA)]
* Place Authority: Geographic locations tied to manuscript production, sales, or ownership. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESaQHrOzAVLV4KPyDvlLG3iOgMt7k0CXrHDubJPiwKGN_ByAle5ERN6i8FDunUtcOxdC2RWmzycU0xEtqO1xKgcXv5YPSe95OE8vkNhlSAIhxlPqW8p_wfs9U98i7fzLo99KJT09DewILvYA)]

If you are looking up a specific text or collector, tell me the author, title, or provenance name so I can help guide your search in the database.
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● Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts: https://sdbm.library.upenn.edu/ (a relational database containing more than 240,000 records for manuscript observations) ●...