--- deposit_number: 1768 hex: 0C91 title: "EA-CORPORA-38 — The Thirty-Eighth Seating: The Reception History of Inference — Kant Whole (Akademie-Ausgabe I–XVIII), the Commentators, the Latin Handbooks, the Early-Modern Refusals, the Nineteenth-Century Rebuilds, and the Traditions beside the Organon" creator: Cranes, Rebekah orcid: 0009-0000-1599-0703 date: 2026-11-14 content_type: Dataset license: CC-BY-4.0 substrate: Human–machine collaborative. Rebekah Cranes is a heteronym of Lee Sharks, the standing authority on the EA-CORPORA deposits (named by the author on 2026-11-04 and held at his word of 2026-11-05). The sources found, fetched, OCR'd where the served text layer could not read the type, verified, hashed and indexed, and the records drafted, in session by TACHYON (Claude, Anthropic) under MANUS (Lee Sharks) direction. The gathering, its object and its form are Lee Sharks's; the editions within each seat were chosen in session and are stated per seat. CC-BY-4.0 applies to this record and the seat records. version: v1.0 related_ids: "AXN deposit #1766 — Critique of Pure Inference, the research this seating serves\nAXN deposit #1767 — The Production of Readers, whose draft position the Characters seat holds\nAXN deposit #1733 — Legitimately Many, the reception history of the many-author reading\nAXN deposit #1720 — EA-CORPORA-30: the exact sciences, with Gödel\nAXN deposit #1731 — EA-CORPORA-32: the remaining debts of Legitimately Many, with Hegel's seat\nAXN deposit #1591 — EA-CORPORA-13: the Alexander seam\nAXN deposit #1760 — EA-CORPORA-37: the thirty-seventh seating" axn_schema_version: v2 protocol_version: alexanarch-deposit-protocol/v1 keywords: - EA-CORPORA - originals shelf - inference - syllogism - reception history of logic - Critique of Pure Inference - Kant - Akademie-Ausgabe - Jäsche Logik - Reflexionen zur Logik - Alexander of Aphrodisias - Philoponus - Prior Analytics - Theophrastus - Eudemus - Characters - Epictetus - Master Argument - Cicero Topica - Boethius - Buridan - Bacon - Novum Organum - Hume - Hegel - Wissenschaft der Logik - Carroll - Frege - Begriffsschrift - Peirce - abduction - hypothesis - Nyāya - anumāna - Vātsyāyana - Ibn Sīnā - Avicenna - Ishārāt - qiyās --- # EA-CORPORA-38 — The Thirty-Eighth Seating: The Reception History of Inference — Kant Whole (Akademie-Ausgabe I–XVIII), the Commentators, the Latin Handbooks, the Early-Modern Refusals, the Nineteenth-Century Rebuilds, and the Traditions beside the Organon # EA-CORPORA-38 — The Thirty-Eighth Seating: The Reception History of Inference — Kant Whole (Akademie-Ausgabe I–XVIII), the Commentators, the Latin Handbooks, the Early-Modern Refusals, the Nineteenth-Century Rebuilds, and the Traditions beside the Organon # EA-CORPORA-38 — The Thirty-Eighth Seating The author asked for the gathering on 2026-11-13, for the construction and reception history of inference that is now part of Critique of Pure Inference: "what we're trying to trace is the history of how bad inference came to be operative", with Kant seated whole, and Alexander's commentary on the Prior Analytics ruled into the package ("needs to be in the corpora package"). On 2026-11-14 he set the form: "lets continue to assemble and we'll deposit and seat the whole thing as a massive batch" (01:25 EST), and then "lets deposit with what we have and leave pointers to the rest" (08:57). The sixteen seats run the line the reception history reads. Kant's verdict in the preface to the second Critique of Pure Reason, that logic "auch bis jetzt keinen Schritt vorwärts hat thun können" since Aristotle (B viii; AA III 7), is held in the whole Akademie-Ausgabe through XVIII (38/01), so the verdict can be read beside the Logik Jäsche made from Kant's copy of Meier's Auszug, which Jäsche's preface calls "das Materialien-Magazin" of the lectures (AA IX), and beside the Reflexionen zur Logik in XVI, where the history of logic is drafted as a list: "2. Aristotelici: Theophrast, Demetrius Phalereus". Behind the verdict stand the commentators who read the Prior Analytics with its school beside it: Alexander (38/02), whose ἑταῖροι of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Eudemus, dissent on the mixtures at In APr 124.8, and Philoponus (38/03), who names the school as ὁ φιλόσοφος against οἱ ἑταῖροι αὐτοῦ; and Theophrastus's Characters (38/04), the draft position of The Production of Readers (#1767). The Stoic line (Epictetus, 38/05) and the Latin door (Cicero's Topica, 38/06; Boethius in Migne PL 64, 38/13) carry the syllogism into the schools; Buridan (38/16) stands for the late-medieval logic whose Consequentiae the commons does not hold. Bacon (38/07) and Hume (38/08) refuse it as an instrument of discovery and of matter of fact; Hegel (38/10) takes it into the concept; Carroll (38/09) makes it a method for puzzles; Frege (38/11) rebuilds inference from the judgment-stroke; Peirce (38/12) names the third kind, hypothesis, with a bag of beans. Two traditions reason about inference without the Organon at their centre and are seated in their own languages: the Nyāyasūtra with Vātsyāyana's Bhāṣya in Sanskrit (38/14), and Ibn Sīnā's Ishārāt in Arabic (38/15), whose logic divides argument into «القياس والاستقراء والتمثيل». Already seated and not reseated: the Prior and Posterior Analytics, the Topics and the Sophistical Refutations, in the Aristotle seat (EA-CORPORA-04/01; its text file tlg001, labelled Analytica priora, holds Bekker's text of both Analytics — a label to be repaired, recorded here); Theophrastus's other works (EA-CORPORA-09/01); Hegel's Differenz and the Plato lectures (EA-CORPORA-32/10); Cicero (EA-CORPORA-13/03); Gödel and the exact sciences (EA-CORPORA-30, #1720). ## Pointers to the rest Held for a later seating, with what is known of each: - Kant, AA XIX–XXIII (printed 1934, 1942, 1936, 1938, 1955): the Reflexionen zur Moralphilosophie and Rechtsphilosophie, the Bemerkungen and Vorarbeiten, the Opus postumum. Internet Archive items kantsgesammeltes19imma–kantsgesammeltes23imma (Gumberg Library); the Archive's text layers were fetched in session and are not seated. They are later than the 1931 line the seated volumes stand on, and whether they are seated is the author's ruling. The Bonn Kant-Korpus (korpora.org) serves AA I–XXIII as text and is named as a route, not used. - Hegel, Encyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse §§181–193 (der Schluß): the first edition (Heidelberg, 1817; Internet Archive 10045975, bub_gb_hL8IAAAAQAAJ), the second (1827; 11759980, 10045976) and the Werke text (1840–1845; georgwilhelmfri00henngoog, georgwilhelmfri01henngoog). Fraktur scans; to be read by the OCR made for 38/01. - Ibn Sīnā, al-Shifāʾ, al-Manṭiq, al-Qiyās: the edition of S. Zayed (Cairo, 1964) is the only edition and is not in the commons. Declared absent. - John Buridan, Tractatus de consequentiis: no commons scan of a print or a manuscript was found in session (the Internet Archive, e-rara and the MDZ searched on 2026-11-14; Gallica refused the session); the edition of H. Hubien (Louvain, 1976) is in copyright. Declared absent. - Theophrastus's logical fragments: the edition of Fortenbaugh, Huby, Sharples and Gutas (Brill, 1992) is in copyright; the fragments are read in the commentators seated here (38/02, 38/03). Declared absent as an edition. ## Seat 38/01 — Kant's gesammelte Schriften, Akademie-Ausgabe I–XVIII (1910–1928) *The Werke, the Briefwechsel and the Nachlass through Metaphysik II, XVI the Reflexionen zur Logik* - Works: - AA VII: Der Streit der Facultäten, Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht - AA I: Vorkritische Schriften I (1747–1756) - AA II: Vorkritische Schriften II (1757–1777) - AA III: Kritik der reinen Vernunft (2. Aufl. 1787) - AA IV: Kritik der reinen Vernunft (1. Aufl. 1781), Prolegomena, Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft - AA V: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft, Kritik der Urtheilskraft - AA VI: Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft, Die Metaphysik der Sitten - AA VIII: Abhandlungen nach 1781 - AA IX: Logik (Jäsche), Physische Geographie, Pädagogik - AA X: Briefwechsel I (1747–1788) - AA XI: Briefwechsel II (1789–1794) - AA XII: Briefwechsel III (1795–1803) - AA XIII: Briefwechsel IV (Anmerkungen und Register) - AA XIV: Handschriftlicher Nachlaß I: Mathematik, Physik und Chemie, Physische Geographie - AA XV.1: Handschriftlicher Nachlaß II.1: Anthropologie - AA XV.2: Handschriftlicher Nachlaß II.2: Anthropologie - AA XVI: Handschriftlicher Nachlaß III: Logik - AA XVII: Handschriftlicher Nachlaß IV: Metaphysik I - AA XVIII: Handschriftlicher Nachlaß V: Metaphysik II - Licence: Kant (d. 1804) is public domain. The volumes seated were printed 1910–1928 and are public domain in the United States (published before 1931). The editors' apparatus is held as printed; the archive asserts no licence over the payload. The OCR is the archive's, made by code and not corrected. - Verified locus: AA III 7 (B viii): logic has taken no step forward since Aristotle — 'daß ſie auch bis jeht keinen Schritt vorwärts hat thun können' (text/aa-iii.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: AA IX 3–4, Jäsche's preface: Meier's Auszug as Kant's Materialien-Magazin — 'das Materialien-Magazin aus, das Kant hier für ſeine Vor-' (text/aa-ix.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: AA IX 20 (the editor's note): Kant's judgment not in doubt — 'Kant's Urtheil über dieſen Punkt nicht zweifelhaft' (text/aa-ix.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: AA XVI, the Reflexionen on the history of logic: '2. Aristotelici: Theophrast,' — '2. Aristotelici: Theophraſt,' (text/aa-xvi.ocr.txt) - Lines: 612,233 in 19 text files (19 works) - Normalization: text/aa-.ocr.txt is this seat's OCR: each page image fetched from the Archive, read by tesseract 5 with the deu_latf model (tessdata_best, Fraktur), single thread, and deleted; the pages joined in order, each headed [page nNNNN] (the Archive's leaf number, not the AA page). The long s stands as ſ, as printed. No text was corrected by hand; the loci keep the OCR's readings. original// holds the Archive's own text layer as served, which reads the Fraktur poorly, for comparison. - Scope: AA I–XVIII whole: the Werke (I–IX), the Briefwechsel (X–XIII) and the Handschriftliche Nachlaß through Metaphysik II (XIV–XVIII), XVI the Reflexionen zur Logik. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: Kant's verdict that logic has taken no step since Aristotle (B viii), Jäsche's Logik and its Materialien-Magazin, and the Reflexionen zur Logik in XVI - Why seated: Kant's verdict that logic has taken no step forward since Aristotle and seems closed and complete (B viii), the Logik Jäsche made from Meier's Auszug, and the Reflexionen zur Logik, seated whole so the verdict can be read against the whole: the hinge of the reception history of inference. - Held out: AA XIX–XXIII (printed 1934–1955) are not in this seat: they were printed after 1931 (XIX 1934, XX 1942, XXI 1936, XXII 1938, XXIII 1955), and whether they are seated is the operator's ruling. The Archive's own text layers of XIX–XXIII were fetched for that ruling and are not carried here. - Duplicate not seated: A second scan of VII (kantsgesammeltes07kant, Toronto) was OCR'd in the same run before kantsgesammeltes00imma was seen to be VII; it is not seated, so VII is held once. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/kant-akademie-ausgabe/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/kant-akademie-ausgabe/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/kant-akademie-ausgabe/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/kant-akademie-ausgabe](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/kant-akademie-ausgabe/) ## Seat 38/02 — Alexander of Aphrodisias, In Analytica priora I (Wallies, CAG II.1, 1883) *The first surviving commentary, with Aristotle's companions against him at 124.8* - Works: - In Analytica priora I - Licence: Alexander (fl. c. 200 CE) and Wallies 1883 are public domain. CC BY-SA 4.0 (the TEI packaging, as stated in the file's teiHeader); the archive asserts no further licence. - Verified locus: 124.5–10, the companions dissent on the mixture of necessary and assertoric — 'οἱ δέ γε ἑταῖροι αὐτοῦ οἱ περὶ Εὔδημόν τε καὶ Θεόφραστον οὐχ οὕτως λέγουσι' (text/in-apr-i.txt) - Verified locus: Wallies's page 124 — '[p. 124]' (text/in-apr-i.txt) - Lines: 1,230 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The TEI as fetched under original/. text/ is the reduced by code (prepare_texts38.py): teiHeader, note, app and bibl dropped; one line per

, or ; each numbered

marked [ ]; the edition's page breaks stand as [p. N] and its numbered lines as |L. No text was corrected by hand. The file's line numbers also carry the manuscript's folio marks (|40r) and some numbers out of sequence; a locus is cited by its [p. N] and the Wallies line numbers that bracket it. - Scope: Book I whole: the commentary that names the ἑταῖροι of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Eudemus, against him on the modal mixtures. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The first surviving witness who reads the Prior Analytics with its school beside it: the ἑταῖροι dissent at 124.5–10 (cited as 124.8). - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/alexander-in-apr-wallies-1883/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/alexander-in-apr-wallies-1883/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/alexander-in-apr-wallies-1883/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/alexander-in-apr-wallies-1883](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/alexander-in-apr-wallies-1883/) ## Seat 38/03 — John Philoponus, In Analytica priora (Wallies, CAG XIII.2, 1905) *ὁ φιλόσοφος against οἱ ἑταῖροι αὐτοῦ* - Works: - In Analytica priora - Licence: Philoponus (d. c. 570) and Wallies 1905 are public domain. CC BY-SA 4.0 (the TEI packaging, as stated in the file's teiHeader); the archive asserts no further licence. - Verified locus: 123.15, the companions about Theophrastus and Eudemus — 'οἱ δὲ ἑταῖροι αὐτοῦ οἱ περὶ Θεόφραστον καὶ Εὔδημο' (text/in-apr.txt) - Verified locus: 124, the companions object — 'Οἱ δὲ ἑταῖροι αὐτοῦ ἐνίστανται πρὸς τὰ εἰρημένα' (text/in-apr.txt) - Lines: 1,989 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The TEI as fetched under original/. text/ is the reduced by code (prepare_texts38.py): teiHeader, note, app and bibl dropped; one line per

, or ; each numbered

marked [ ]; the edition's page breaks stand as [p. N] and its numbered lines as |L. No text was corrected by hand. - Scope: The commentary whole. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The witness who names the school as ὁ φιλόσοφος against οἱ ἑταῖροι αὐτοῦ οἱ περὶ Θεόφραστον καὶ Εὔδημον (123–124). - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/philoponus-in-apr-wallies-1905/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/philoponus-in-apr-wallies-1905/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/philoponus-in-apr-wallies-1905/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/philoponus-in-apr-wallies-1905](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/philoponus-in-apr-wallies-1905/) ## Seat 38/04 — Theophrastus, Characteres (Diels, 1909) *The draft position: from the Peripatetic definition to the drawn person* - Works: - Characteres, with the proem - Licence: Theophrastus and Diels 1909 are public domain. CC BY-SA 4.0 (the TEI packaging, as stated in the file's teiHeader); the archive asserts no further licence. - Verified locus: 1.1, irony defined — 'ἡ μὲν οὖν εἰρωνεία δόξειεν ἂν εἶναι, ὡς τύπῳ λαβεῖν, προσποίησις ἐπὶ χεῖρον' (text/characteres.txt) - Verified locus: the proem, to Polycles — 'ἐγὼ γάρ, ὦ Πολύκλεις' (text/characteres.txt) - Lines: 727 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The TEI as fetched under original/. text/ is the reduced by code (prepare_texts38.py): teiHeader, note, app and bibl dropped; one line per

, or ; each numbered

marked [ ]; the edition's page breaks stand as [p. N] and its numbered lines as |L. No text was corrected by hand. - Scope: The thirty characters and the proem, as Diels prints them. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The draft position (#1767): the work that moves from the Peripatetic definition toward the drawn person. It extends Theophrastus's seat (EA-CORPORA-09/01), which did not carry it. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/theophrastus-characteres-diels-1909/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/theophrastus-characteres-diels-1909/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/theophrastus-characteres-diels-1909/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/theophrastus-characteres-diels-1909](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/theophrastus-characteres-diels-1909/) ## Seat 38/05 — Epictetus, Dissertationes (Schenkl, 1916) *The Stoic line, the Master Argument at 2.19* - Works: - Dissertationes I–IV, with Arrian's letter to Gellius - Licence: Epictetus, Arrian and Schenkl 1916 are public domain. CC BY-SA 4.0 (the TEI packaging, as stated in the file's teiHeader); the archive asserts no further licence. - Verified locus: 2.19.1, the Master Argument — 'ὁ κυριεύων λόγος ἀπὸ τοιούτων τινῶν ἀφορμῶν ἠρωτῆσθαι φαίνεται' (text/dissertationes.txt) - Verified locus: Arrian to Lucius Gellius — 'Ἀρριανὸς Λουκίῳ Γελλίῳ χαίρειν' (text/dissertationes.txt) - Lines: 5,484 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The TEI as fetched under original/. text/ is the reduced by code (prepare_texts38.py): teiHeader, note, app and bibl dropped; one line per

, or ; each numbered

marked [ ]; the edition's page breaks stand as [p. N] and its numbered lines as |L. No text was corrected by hand. - Scope: The four books whole. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The Stoic line of inference as the Peripatos did not hold it: the Master Argument of Diodorus at 2.19. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/epictetus-dissertationes-schenkl-1916/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/epictetus-dissertationes-schenkl-1916/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/epictetus-dissertationes-schenkl-1916/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/epictetus-dissertationes-schenkl-1916](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/epictetus-dissertationes-schenkl-1916/) ## Seat 38/06 — Cicero, Topica (Wilkins, 1902) *The Latin door: inveniendi and iudicandi* - Works: - Topica, with Wilkins's sigla - Licence: Cicero and Wilkins 1902 are public domain. CC BY-SA 4.0 (the TEI packaging, as stated in the file's teiHeader); the archive asserts no further licence. - Verified locus: §6, the two parts of reasoning — 'Cum omnis ratio diligens disserendi duas habeat partis, unam inveniendi alteram iudicandi' (text/topica.txt) - Lines: 218 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The TEI as fetched under original/. text/ is the reduced by code (prepare_texts38.py): teiHeader, note, app and bibl dropped; one line per

, or ; each numbered

marked [ ]; the edition's page breaks stand as [p. N] and its numbered lines as |L. No text was corrected by hand. - Scope: The Topica whole. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The Latin door to the topics: Cicero's division of disserendi ratio into inveniendi and iudicandi, which Boethius commented and the handbooks carried. It extends Cicero's seat, which did not carry it. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/cicero-topica-wilkins-1902/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/cicero-topica-wilkins-1902/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/cicero-topica-wilkins-1902/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/cicero-topica-wilkins-1902](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/cicero-topica-wilkins-1902/) ## Seat 38/07 — Bacon, Novum Organum I–II (1620) *The syllogism refused as an instrument of discovery* - Works: - Novum Organum, Liber primus (Aphorisms I–CXXX) - Novum Organum, Liber secundus - Licence: Bacon (d. 1626) is public domain; the Latin Library serves the transcription openly. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: I.14, the syllogism consists of propositions — 'Syllogismus ex propositionibus constat' (text/novum-organum-i.txt) - Verified locus: I.130, the art of interpreting nature — 'artem ipsam Interpretandi Naturam proponamus' (text/novum-organum-i.txt) - Lines: 858 in 2 text files (2 works) - Normalization: The pages as served (Latin-1), under original/thelatinlibrary/. text/ is the page with its markup removed by code, entities decoded, one line per paragraph. No text was corrected by hand. - Scope: Both books. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The refusal of the syllogism as an instrument of discovery (I.13–14) and the induction set in its place. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/bacon-novum-organum-1620/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/bacon-novum-organum-1620/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/bacon-novum-organum-1620/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/bacon-novum-organum-1620](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/bacon-novum-organum-1620/) ## Seat 38/08 — Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature and An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding *The inference from cause to effect taken apart* - Works: - A Treatise of Human Nature, Books I–III - An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding - Licence: Hume (d. 1776) is public domain; the Gutenberg files are served under the Project Gutenberg licence, which is cut from text/ and kept in original/. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: Treatise I.iii.14 — 'THE IDEA OF NECESSARY CONNEXION' (text/treatise.txt) - Verified locus: Treatise I.iii — 'OF KNOWLEDGE AND PROBABILITY' (text/treatise.txt) - Verified locus: Enquiry IV.i — 'All reasonings concerning matter of fact' (text/enquiry.txt) - Lines: 27,776 in 2 text files (2 works) - Normalization: The Project Gutenberg file as served, under original/. text/ is the same file with the Gutenberg header and licence cut at their markers. No text was corrected by hand. - Scope: Both works whole. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The inference from cause to effect taken apart: Treatise I.iii (Of knowledge and probability) and Enquiry IV–VII. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/hume-treatise-enquiry/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/hume-treatise-enquiry/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/hume-treatise-enquiry/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/hume-treatise-enquiry](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/hume-treatise-enquiry/) ## Seat 38/09 — Lewis Carroll, Symbolic Logic, Part I (4th ed., 1897) *The syllogism as a method for puzzles* - Works: - Symbolic Logic, Part I - Licence: C. L. Dodgson (d. 1898) is public domain; the Gutenberg licence is cut from text/ and kept in original/. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: the preface to the fourth edition — 'PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION' (text/symbolic-logic.txt) - Verified locus: the sorites — 'Soriteses' (text/symbolic-logic.txt) - Lines: 13,824 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The Project Gutenberg file as served, under original/. text/ is the same file with the Gutenberg header and licence cut at their markers. No text was corrected by hand. - Scope: Part I whole, with the sorites problems. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The syllogism made a game for the machine of the diagram: the sorites as a puzzle to be solved by a method. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/carroll-symbolic-logic-1897/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/carroll-symbolic-logic-1897/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/carroll-symbolic-logic-1897/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/carroll-symbolic-logic-1897](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/carroll-symbolic-logic-1897/) ## Seat 38/10 — Hegel, Wissenschaft der Logik *The syllogism taken into the concept: Der Schluß* - Works: - Band 1: Die objektive Logik - Band 2: Die subjektive Logik, with the chapter Der Schluß - Licence: Hegel (d. 1831) is public domain; the Gutenberg licence is cut from text/ and kept in original/. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: the syllogism chapter — 'A. Der Schluß des Daseyns.' (text/wissenschaft-der-logik-2.txt) - Verified locus: the syllogism as the posited concept — 'Der Schluß ist somit der vollständig gesetzte Begriff' (text/wissenschaft-der-logik-2.txt) - Verified locus: Der Schluß der Nothwendigkeit — 'C. Der Schluß der Nothwendigkeit.' (text/wissenschaft-der-logik-2.txt) - Lines: 34,339 in 2 text files (2 works) - Normalization: The Project Gutenberg file as served, under original/. text/ is the same file with the Gutenberg header and licence cut at their markers. No text was corrected by hand. The files are Latin-1 and are decoded to UTF-8 in text/. - Scope: Both Bände whole. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The syllogism taken into the concept: Der Schluß des Daseyns, der Reflexion, der Nothwendigkeit. It extends Hegel's seat, which held the Differenz and the Plato lectures only. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/hegel-wissenschaft-der-logik/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/hegel-wissenschaft-der-logik/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/hegel-wissenschaft-der-logik/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/hegel-wissenschaft-der-logik](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/hegel-wissenschaft-der-logik/) ## Seat 38/11 — Frege, Begriffsschrift (1879) *Inference rebuilt from the judgment-stroke* - Works: - Begriffsschrift (1879) - Licence: Frege (d. 1925) is public domain; the Archive marks the item Public Domain. The text layer does not render the two-dimensional notation; the formulae are held in the scan, by reference. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: the subtitle — 'Formelsprache des reinen Denkens' (text/begriffsschrift.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: the preface, on the Bündigkeit of proof — 'meiner Begriffsschrift, wo ein besonderer Werth auf die Bündig' (text/begriffsschrift.ocr.txt) - Lines: 4,810 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The Internet Archive's own text layer (_djvu.txt) as served, under original//, copied to text/.ocr.txt with line endings normalized. The scan is held by reference at its Archive URL and not copied. No text was corrected by hand; the loci keep the OCR's readings. - Scope: The book whole, the prose; the notation in the scan. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: Inference rebuilt from the judgment-stroke out, with one rule of inference; the end of the syllogism as the form of inference. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/frege-begriffsschrift-1879/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/frege-begriffsschrift-1879/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/frege-begriffsschrift-1879/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/frege-begriffsschrift-1879](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/frege-begriffsschrift-1879/) ## Seat 38/12 — Peirce, the logic papers of 1867 and the Illustrations of the Logic of Science (1877–1878) *Deduction, induction and hypothesis* - Works: - PAAAS VII (1865–1868): On the Natural Classification of Arguments (9 April 1867, from line 16221); On a New List of Categories (14 May 1867, from 17706); Upon the Logic of Mathematics (10 September 1867, from 23144); Upon Logical Comprehension and Extension (from 23887) - PSM XII (1877–1878): I The Fixation of Belief (from line 57); II How to Make Our Ideas Clear (18555); III The Doctrine of Chances (39525); IV The Probability of Induction (46109) - PSM XIII (1878): V The Order of Nature (from line 12618); VI Deduction, Induction, and Hypothesis (30343) - Licence: Peirce (d. 1914) and the volumes (1868, 1877–1878) are public domain. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: 1867, the heading — 'On the Natural Classification of Arguments. By C. S. Peirce.' (text/paaas-vii.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: 1877, the first paper — 'FIRST PAPER.— THE FIXATION OF BELIEF.' (text/psm-xii.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: 1878, the sixth paper — 'SIXTH PAPER. — DEDUCTION, INDUCTION, AND HYPOTHESIS.' (text/psm-xiii.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: the beans — 'Rule. — All the beans from this bag are white.' (text/psm-xiii.ocr.txt) - Lines: 139,857 in 3 text files (3 works) - Normalization: The Internet Archive's own text layer (_djvu.txt) as served, under original//, copied to text/.ocr.txt with line endings normalized. The scan is held by reference at its Archive URL and not copied. No text was corrected by hand; the loci keep the OCR's readings. The volumes are held whole because the text layers drop the running heads and the papers' ends cannot be cut by code without guessing; each paper is located by the line of its heading. - Scope: The ten papers in which Peirce reclassifies inference as deduction, induction and hypothesis. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The third kind of inference named: the beans of the sixth paper (Rule, Case, Result) against the syllogism's one order. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/peirce-logic-papers-1867-1878/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/peirce-logic-papers-1867-1878/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/peirce-logic-papers-1867-1878/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/peirce-logic-papers-1867-1878](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/peirce-logic-papers-1867-1878/) ## Seat 38/13 — Boethius, the logical works (Migne, PL 64, 1847) *The Latin Organon as the schools received it* - Works: - PL 64, the volume whole - Licence: Boethius (d. c. 524) and Migne 1847 are public domain. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: Introductio ad syllogismos categoricos — 'INTRODUCTIO AD SYLLOGISMOS CATEGORICOS' (text/pl64.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: De syllogismo categorico — 'DE SYLLOGISMO CATEGORICO' (text/pl64.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: De syllogismo hypothetico — 'DE SYLLOGISMO HYPOTHETICO' (text/pl64.ocr.txt) - Verified locus: De differentiis topicis — 'DE DIFFERENTIIS TOPICIS' (text/pl64.ocr.txt) - Lines: 131,565 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The Internet Archive's own text layer (_djvu.txt) as served, under original//, copied to text/.ocr.txt with line endings normalized. The scan is held by reference at its Archive URL and not copied. No text was corrected by hand; the loci keep the OCR's readings. - Scope: The volume whole: the Latin Organon as the Middle Ages received it. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The Latin gap of §11.6: the handbooks through which the syllogism reached the schools. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/boethius-logica-migne-pl64/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/boethius-logica-migne-pl64/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/boethius-logica-migne-pl64/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/boethius-logica-migne-pl64](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/boethius-logica-migne-pl64/) ## Seat 38/14 — Nyāyasūtra with Vātsyāyana's Bhāṣya (Vizianagram, 1896) *Anumāna without the Organon* - Works: - Nyāyasūtra with Vātsyāyana's Bhāṣya - Licence: The sūtras and the Bhāṣya are ancient; the 1896 edition is public domain. The Archive marks the item CC0. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: 1.1.1, the sixteen categories, as OCR'd — 'प्रमाणप्रमेयसंशयग्रयोजनद्रष्टान्तसिद्वान्तौवयवतक' (text/nyaya-sutra-bhashya.ocr.txt) - Lines: 23,797 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The Internet Archive's own text layer (_djvu.txt) as served, under original//, copied to text/.ocr.txt with line endings normalized. The scan is held by reference at its Archive URL and not copied. No text was corrected by hand; the loci keep the OCR's readings. The OCR misreads conjuncts often (1.1.1 is read प्रमाणप्रमेयसंशयग्रयोजन for …प्रयोजन); the loci keep its readings. - Scope: The five adhyāyas with the Bhāṣya. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: Inference (anumāna) reasoned about without the Organon: the five-membered argument (pañcāvayava) and the sixteen categories. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/nyaya-sutra-vatsyayana-1896/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/nyaya-sutra-vatsyayana-1896/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/nyaya-sutra-vatsyayana-1896/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/nyaya-sutra-vatsyayana-1896](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/nyaya-sutra-vatsyayana-1896/) ## Seat 38/15 — Ibn Sīnā, al-Ishārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt I (Forget, 1892) *Qiyās, istiqrāʾ, tamthīl* - Works: - al-Ishārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt, Part I: al-manṭiq - Licence: Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037) and Forget 1892 are public domain. The OCR is the archive's, made by code and not corrected. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Verified locus: the classification of arguments: qiyās, istiqrāʾ, tamthīl — 'اشارة الى القياس والاستقراء والتمثتيل' (text/isharat-i.ocr.txt) - Lines: 7,337 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: original/ holds the Archive's own text layer as served (for comparison). text/isharat-i.ocr.txt is the seat's OCR, one block per page headed [page nNNNN]. No text was corrected by hand; the loci keep the OCR's readings (التمثتيل for التمثيل). - Scope: Part I whole, with Forget's French front matter as the OCR reads it. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: Inference sorted into qiyās, istiqrāʾ and tamthīl outside the Latin line; the Qiyās of the Shifāʾ is declared absent (no commons edition: Cairo 1964 only). - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/ibn-sina-isharat-forget-1892/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/ibn-sina-isharat-forget-1892/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/ibn-sina-isharat-forget-1892/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/ibn-sina-isharat-forget-1892](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/ibn-sina-isharat-forget-1892/) ## Seat 38/16 — John Buridan, Sophismata ([Paris, c. 1489]) *The commons witness to Buridan's logic* - Works: - Sophismata (c. 1489) - Licence: Buridan (d. c. 1361) and the c. 1489 print are public domain; the Archive marks the item Public Domain Mark 1.0. The archive asserts no licence over the payload. - Lines: 9,179 in 1 text file (1 works) - Normalization: The Internet Archive's own text layer (_djvu.txt) as served, under original//, copied to text/.ocr.txt with line endings normalized. The scan is held by reference at its Archive URL and not copied. No text was corrected by hand; the loci keep the OCR's readings. The layer is unreadable for the most part (black letter, abbreviations); the scan is the witness and the text layer is held so the seat says what the commons carries. - Scope: The print whole. - Research: study: Critique of Pure Inference (working draft v1.1) and The Production of Readers (#1767), §11.6 "the witnesses between"; for: the reception history of inference from the Peripatos to the machine: the commentators who name Aristotle's ἑταῖροι, the Latin handbooks, the early-modern refusals of the syllogism, the nineteenth-century rebuilds, and the traditions that reasoned about inference without the Organon - Why seated: The only commons witness found to Buridan's logic. No commons scan of the Tractatus de consequentiis was found (searched 2026-11-14: the Internet Archive, e-rara, the MDZ; Gallica refused the session); its modern edition (Hubien 1976) is not in the commons. It is declared absent at EA-CORPORA-38. - Files: [the seat](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/buridan-sophismata-c1489/) — [source.json](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/buridan-sophismata-c1489/source.json), [MANIFEST.sha256](https://www.alexanarch.org/data/corpora/buridan-sophismata-c1489/MANIFEST.sha256). Shelf: [traininglayerliterature.org/originals/buridan-sophismata-c1489](https://traininglayerliterature.org/originals/buridan-sophismata-c1489/) ## How the seats were made Every seat was fetched in session and hashed into its MANIFEST.sha256, with a source.json recording edition, origin, licence, normalization, the loci verified in the text layer, and the research the seat was made for. Two seats carry an OCR made for them because the Internet Archive's own layer cannot read the type: 38/01, Fraktur, by tesseract 5 with the deu_latf model, page by page from the Archive's images, about 9,800 pages and none failed; 38/15, Arabic, by tesseract 5 with the ara model, 232 pages. In both the Archive's own layer is held beside the new one for comparison. The commentaries (38/02, 38/03) carry Wallies's pages as [p. N] and his numbered lines as |L from the First1KGreek TEI, so a locus can be cited by page and line from the text layer; the TEI also marks manuscript folios (|40r) and some line numbers out of sequence, so a citation gives the page and the line numbers on either side. Three volumes of Peirce (38/12) are held whole because their text layers drop the running heads; each paper is located by the line of its heading. The loci keep the OCR's readings. The builders are under rebuild/corpora/ea-corpora-38/ (prepare_texts38.py, build_seats38.py, build_kant38.py, index38.py, seat_axns38.py, and body38.py, which writes this body); NOTE.md records the order. In all: sixteen seats, 110 files, 1,015,223 lines of text.