The CRISIS 


we me ai me : 
tr ie 


June, 1921 


FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY 



















Add this new book of inspiration to your library. 


UNSUNG HEROES 


by 
ELIZABETH ROSS HAYNES 


The lives of seventeen men and women of the Negro race told in a 
way to inspire the children of our time. 


Frederick Douglass Coleridge-Taylor Crispus Attucks 


Paul Laurence Dunbar Benjamin Banneker Alexander Dumas 
Booker T. Washington Phillis Wheatley Paul Cuffe 
Harriet Tubman Toussaint L’Overture Alexander Crummell 


Alexander Pushkin Josiah Henson John M. Langston 
Blanche K. Bruce Sojourner Truth 


Dedicated to Fisk University—Illustrated—Price $2.50 
Address the Author, 
ELIZABETH ROSS HAYNES, 1761 T St., N. W. Washington, D.C. 


or 


DU BOIS and DILL, Publishers, 2 West 13th St., New York, N. Y. 












































Statement of the Ownership, Management, Circulation, 
etc., required by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912, 
of the CRISIS, published monthly at TU Fifth Avenue, 
New York, N. Y., for April 1, 1921 


State of New York 
County of New York 


STUDENTS 


We would like to secure the 
services of students during 
the summer vacation to act 


Before me, « Notary Public in and for the State 
and county aforesaid, personally appeared Augustus 
Granville Dill, who, having been duly sworn accord 
ing to law, deposes and says that he is the Business 
Manager of the CRISIS and that the following t 
the best of his knowledge and belief, a true state 
of the ownership, management, et of the aforesa 
publication for the date shown in the above caption, 
required by the Act of Aurvust 24, 1912, embodied in 
section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations 

Publisher: The National Association for the Advance 
ment of Colored People, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York, 
a A 









as agents — taking subscrip- 
tions and selling single copies 


of 


The CRISIS 


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Che Brownies’ Book 


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Editor: W. FE. Burghardt DuRois, 70 Fifth Avenue, 
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Owners: The National Association for the Advance 
ment of Colored People, a corporation with no stock 
Membership 88,000. 


Moorfield Storey, President 

James Weldon Johnson, Secretary 

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Known bondholders, mortga and other security 
holders owning or holding 1 per cent. or more of total 
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Address: 


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Sworn to and subseribed before me this 31st day of 
March, 1921 
FRANK M TURNER. Notary Publi Queens 
County No 754 Certificate filed in New York 
County No 164 New York Register No. 2122 
(My commussion expires March 30, 1922.) 














THE CRISIS 


A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES 








PUBLISHED MONTHLY AND COPYRIGHTED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE 

ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY. CON- 

DUCTED BY W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS; JESSIE REDMON FAUSET, LITERARY EDITOR; 
AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, BUSINESS MANAGER. 














Vol. 22—No. 2 JUNE, 1921 Whole No. 128 
PICTURES Page 
COVER. Drawing by H. Curtis Brown. 
ee Se EE, a oko ccc eccrine secvceanesecdiovnsevecveereeés 59 
THE PHILLIS WHEATLEY CLUB .....----------- --:0+ cece eter eee ees . 63 
MEN OF THE MONTH .......------- BN BE oh Pea ad aia Beka a . 73 
DART RASIEOT BEOMIGE: FIAUT 2 <3 oo os cess ccvcceccccessecccsessnsvenseccescceneves 77 
DOLL, WIG FACTORY 3 ..ccccccccccccesesccccccsrer cece Pb sainae haw a iene asa 33 
ARTICLES 
COLORED TEACHERS IN CHARLESTON SCHOOLS ......--. © .--.--.-5e))) 5& 
ON THE BOOK SHELF. Jessie Fauset ..---) ©---:---- 0: sseseeeeees ote eee 60 
NEGROES IN THE KENTUCKY MOUNTAINS. W. K. Bradley aX awed aude 09 
THE NEGRO SPEAKS OF RIVERS. A Poem. Langston Hughes:-. tenes 71 
DEPARTMENTS 
I 0 iin sig ie bi5G ASK ARI OREN Salnics COA Sha de SNA Rank wedi oha es 53 
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED 
RMN a8 OS DESI TAs ais vlog 0 WS.018/0 KOU, Slab wals ale Weleae SG 65 
MEN OF THE RE” ik006 cSSiceekws cheese sceodes dene conaceneesbitsesecececeneas 72 
THE LOOKING GLASS PIC OTER VELCRO IL LECT ERECTOR ETT EP ET TTT Tee 74 
THE HORIZON cececccccc rete c eect r tere eee n etree tenn eens tee eee et este tee ee et tenees 79 
THE JULY CRISIS 
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50 





THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 


National Training School 


DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA 


A School for the Training of Colored Young 
Men and Women for Service 


Though it is young in history, the Institution fecls a just pride in the work thus 
far accomplished, for its graduates are already filling many responsible positions, 
thus demonstrating the aim of the school to train men and women for useful 


citizenship. 


DEPARTMENTS ALREADY ESTABLISHED 


The Grammar School 

The Academy 

The School of Arts and Sciences 
The Department of Music 


The Teacher Training Department 
The Divinity School 

The Commercial Department 

The Department of Home Economics 


The Department of Social Service 


TERM OPENED SEPTEMBER 21, 1920 
For further information and Catalog, address 


President James E. Shepard, Durham, North Carolina 


STATE OF NEW JERSEY 


Manual Training & Industrial School | 


FOR COLORED YOUTH 


BORDENTOWN, N. J. 


A_ high institution for the training of colored 
youth. Excellent equipment, thorough instruction, 
wholesome surroundings Academi: training for all 
students. 
Courses in carpentry, agriculture and trades for boys, 
including auto repairing. 
Courses in domestic science and domestic art for 
girs. 
A new trades building, thoroughly equipped. 
New girls’ dormitory thoroughly and 
equipped. 
Terms reasonable. 
Fall term opens September (5, 1921. 


For information address 
W. R. VALENTINE, Principal 


modernly 





WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY 
SUMMER SCHOOL 


8th Annual Session. 

Summer of 1921 June 20 to July 30 

The Summer School is accredited 
and standardized, and teachers’ cer- 
tificates will be issued by the state of 
Ohio on credits received in the Sum- 
mer School. 

For full particulars write Gilbert H. 
Jones, Director of the Summer School 


Dr. John A. Gregg, 


President of the Institution 








LINCOLN UNIVERSITY 


Pioneer in Collegiate and 
Theological Education 
Lincoln Men are Leaders in the various 
professions in Forty States. 
The College is ranked in Class I. by the 
American Medical Association. 
Address: 


John B. Rendall, D.D., Lincoln University, 
Chester County, Penna. 





| Cheyney Training School For 
Teachers 
Cheyney, Pa. 


‘Made in 1920 an accredited State Normal School, 
offering, in addition to the regular Normal Course of 
two years, professional three year courses in Home 
Economics and Shop Work. A diploma from any of 
these courses makes a graduate eligible to teach in 
| the public schools of Pennsylvania. A_ three-year 
High School Course is offered to all who have com- 
pleted the eighth grammar grade. 


Send application now for fall term opening September 
20th, 1921. © 


For further particulars and catalog, write 


LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal, 
Cheyney, Pa. 


| THERE WILL BE NO SUMMER SCHOOL FOR 1921 














Atlanta University 


Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, 
Ga. The courses of study include High School, 
Normal School and College. Special emphasis 
Students 
come from all parts of the South. Graduates 
have a fine record for successful work. 


For further information address 


President Edward T. Ware 


Atlanta, Ga. 


KNOXVILLE COLLEGE 


Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere. 
oted for Honest and Thorough Work. 


Institution offers full courses in the fol- 
lowing departments: College, Normal, High 
School, Grammar School, Domestic Science, 
Nurse Training and Industrial. 


Good water, steam heat, electric lights, 
natural drainage, splendid dormitories. Ex- 
penses very reasonable. 


Fall Term Begins September 14, 1921. 
For eatalog and other information address 


PRESIDENT J. KELLY GIFFEN 
Knoxville, Tenn. 


1870 CLARK UNIVERSITY 1921 


ATLANTA, GEORGIA 


Over 100 acres of beautiful campus. Twelve buildings 
with new $150,000 administration building with modern 
chapel, gymnasium and laboratories ready for use in 
September. Strong faculty—Religious atmosphere—Ath- 
letics—Co -educational Admission only by application. 


RE-ARRANGED COURSES OF STUDY 
Junior High Seheot—7th and 8th Grades and Ist and 
2nd Years’ High School Courses, with Certificate. 
Junior College—3rd and 4th Year High School with 
Freshman and Sophomore years of College work, with 
Diploma. 
College—Four years above High School, or two years 
above Junior College Course, with degree of A.B. 
Domestic Science—Commerce—Normal— 
Pre-medical Course 
53rd year of nine months opens September 21, 1921. 
$150.00 per year pays tuition, board, room and laundry. 


HARRY ANDREWS KING, President 


is laid upon the training of teachers. 




























The Florida Agricultural 
and Mechanical College 


Offers courses leading to certificates, 
diplomas and degrees. 


Nathan B. Young, President 
Tailahassee, Florida 


STATE UNIVERSITY, Louisville, Ky. 
we o9 sists, having for its object 
, Medical, and Legal training for Col- 


The only Institution in the 


correspendence course. Degrees offered. 
President C. H. Parrish 





THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 51 


MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 
(Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) 
ATLANTA, GA. 


College, Academy, Divinity School 

An institution famous within recent years 
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop- 
ment—the only institution in the far South 
devoted solely to the education of Negro 
young men. 

Graduates given high ranking by greatest 
northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A. 
athletics, all live features. 

For information, address 


JOHN HOPE, President. 





FISK UNIVERSITY 
NASHVILLE, TENN. 
Founded 1866 
Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational, 
Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer 
in Negro music. Special study in Negro life. 


Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds. 
Well-equipped Science building, 


Christian home life. 


High standard of independent manhood and 
womanhood. For literature, etc., write 


FAYETTE AVERY McKENZIE, President 








BIDDLE UNIVERSITY 


School 
So ceemsetnens Sie enteance to the Sret veer 


ey) 

The School of Arts and Sciences offers two eourses 
of study, the Classical and the Scientific. in the 
scientific, German is substituted for Greek or Latin. 
The entrance requirement for the Freshman Clase is 


7 information, address 
ent H. L. MeCrerey, 
Charlette, N. C. 








Morris Brown University 
Atlanta, Ga. 


Co-Educational 


The largest institution of learning in the South 
owned and controlled by Negroes. Faculty of special- 
ists, trained in some of the best universities in the 
North and in the South. Noted for high standard of 
scholarship; industrial emphasis and positive Chris- 
tian influence. Well equipped dormitories; sane 
athletics under faculty supervision. Expenses rea- 
sonable. Location central and healthful. 
Departments: ‘Theology. College, High School, Nor- 
mal, Commercial, Musical, Domestic Science, Sewing, 
and Tailoring. 


Printin, 
er information address 


For 
JOHN H: LEWIS, President 
BISHOP J. S. FLIPPER, Chairman Trustee Board 








52 


Wiley University 
Marshall, Texas 


Recognized as a college of first class by 
Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Okla- 
homa State Boards of Education. Har- 
vard, Boston University, University of 
Illinois and University of Chicago repre- 
sented or. its faculty. One hundred 
twenty-seven in College Department, ses- 
sion 1919-1920. Several new buildings, 
sceam heated and electric lighted. 


M. W. DOGAN, President 








“JUST THE PLACE FOR YOUR GIRL” 


Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls, Daytona, Fla. 





THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 


Talladega College 
Talladega, Alabama 


Founded in 1867 for the Education of 
Negro Leaders 


Beautiful and Healthful Location. 
Literary, Scientific, Educational, So- 
cial Service, Theological, Musical, 
Business Administration, Journalism, 
Nurse Training Courses. 

High Standards of Christian Man- 
hood and Womanhood. 


For further information address 
F. A. SUMNER, President 








Beautiful location, ideal home life, fine, modern equipment. ; 
Courses include Kindergarten, Primary, Grammar, High, Normal, Vocational. 
Nurse Training at McLeod Hospital a specialty. Terms reasonable. 

Send for Catalog. 


HALE INFIRMARY AND NURSE TRAINING 
SCHOOL, 325 Lake Street, Montgomery, Ala. 


Offers to High School graduates and youn 
women of higher education and good mora 
character, between the ages of 18 and 85, a 
three years’ course in the profession of nurs- 
ing. For further information apply to the 
Superintendent enclosing a stamp. 


DARKWATER 
20th Century Uncle Tom’s Cabin 


MARY McLEOD BETHUNE, 





Principal. 


COLEMAN COLLEGE 


GIBSLAND, LA. 


Supported by Baptist State Woman’s Home 
Mission Society of Chicago and Boston and 
A. B. H. Society of New York. Students 
from six different states. Graduates ex- 
opus on first grade by Louisiana, Arkansas 
and Oklahoma. 


O. L. COLEMAN, President 











ST. MARY’S SCHOOL 






An Episcopal boarding school for girls, under the 
direction of the sisters of St. Mary. Address: THE 
SISTER-IN-CHARGE, 6188 Germantown Avenue, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 








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ST. PAUL’S HOUSE 


A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BOYS 
High Christian Standard 
Address the Chaplain 
> THE REV. WM. E. HENDRICKS 
us 234 West Penn Street 
ss Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. 


~W.E.B.DU 


in 


The Lincoln Hospital and Home 
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in the city of New York 


offers to young colored women a three 
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Capacity of hospital—420 beds. 

Post Graduate Course of six months to 
graduates of accredited schools. 

For information apply to: 


Superintendent of Nurses 


Lincoln Hospital and Home 
New York, N.Y. 


THE TwENTiETH CENTURY taleeniaal 
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THE CRISIS _ 


JUNE, 1921 





Vol. 22. No. 2 


Whole No. 128 











AN OPEN LETTER FROM 
THE PRESIDENT OF 
LIBERIA 

OME wrong _ impressions 
S seem to exist about the 

present conditions in Li- 
beria. I take this opportunity 
of making the situation clear to 
our many American friends. Li- 
beria has been an independent 
country since 1847 and natural- 
ly it has never considered the 
surrender of its sovereignty to 
any nation or organization. On 
the other hand Liberia has always 
regarded itself as the natural ref- 
uge and center for persons of Ne- 
gro descent the world over. As 
a country whose greatest devel- 
opment is just beginning we are 
not, of course, in condition to re- 
ceive large, miscellaneous num- 
ers of immigrants. Our present 
need is especially for strong 
young men trained as artisans, 
engineers and merchants who can 
bring with them some capital for 
investment. To such immigrants 
and their families we offer a vast 
and rich country waiting for the 
application of hard work and 
brains and money. It goes with- 
out saying that in this develop- 
ment Liberia respects the integ- 
rity of the territory of her neigh- 
bors in the same way that they 
must respect hers. Under no cir- 


58 


eg WEB Du Bois 


cumstances will she allow her ter- 
ritory to be made a center of ag- 
gression or conspiracy against 
other sovereign states. She pro- 
poses to develop Liberia for Li- 
berians and to live at peace with 
the rest of the world. 


-e 


THE RISING TRUTH 
mIINCE the founding of THE 
| CRISIS one of the criticisms 
against it which has_ been 
hardest to bear has been that 
of deliberately exaggerating the mis- 
treatment of Negroes, suppressing the 
favorable truth and seeking to fo- 
ment race trouble. While the Nash- 
ville Banner, the Macon Telegraph, 
the Columbia State, and men like 
Weatherford, Bolton Smith and 
Brough have deliberately spread this 
false impression, we who sit and see 
and hear the truth know that far from 
exaggerating we were more often con- 
sciously suppressing and concealing 
the horrors of southern oppression. 
Month after month we go through the 
sordid and horrifying details—the let- 
ters, the newspapers. the personal 
visits and appeals—and say in de- 
spair: if we publish all this—if we 
unveil the whole truth, we will defeat 
our own cause because the public will 
not believe it, and our own dark read- 
ers will shrink from our pages, And 








54 THE 


so we have fed the world the atrocities 
we knew of in carefully regulated 
doses, often incurring the censure of 
members of our own race, who knew 
of particular incidents, for our failure 
to mention them. 

But once in a while, thank God, the 
sickening shame becomes too much 
even for the shame-haunted digestions 
of white bourbons. The shrill cry of 
Governor Dorsey’s revelations corrob- 
orates every word THE CRISIS ever 
wrote, every leaflet the N. A. A. C. P. 
ever printed: insult, intimidation, 
stealing, maltreating men and women, 
illegal arrest and imprisonment, out- 
rageous public officials, almost unbe- 
lievable personal cruelty, lynching, 
torture, murder and deliberate slav- 
ery. 

This is not a CRISIS revelation. It is 
worse even than the horrible tales we 
have sometimes published, and it is 
given to the press by the white gov- 
ernor of a southern state! Take but 
a few details, each from a different 
Georgia county: 

“Negroes have been called from their homes, shots 
fired, threats made to do them physical injury if 


they had not left by night.” 


“The Sheriff’s letter bears the seal of the Ku Klux 
lan.” 


“A Negro was killed without excuse, it is said, by 
a deputy officer in this county in the latter part of 
1920.” , 


“Two of his daughters started to him. A man 
kicked one girl in the stomach. The other reached 
her father and began to wipe the blood from his face. 
The three were quickly overpowered. The _ third 
daughter and the son were caught. All were locked 
in jail. The girl who was kicked was ill at the time 
The blow made her deathly sick. She lay in jail 
moaning and begging that something be done for 
her and her father, who was bleeding badly from his 
wounds, The Sheriff locked them in and left them 
without medical attention and ignorant of the charge 
against them.” 





“The man’s smaller children and his wife were in 
his home while he was in jail. A mob led by the 
town marshal went to the house, kicked the door and 
demanded admittance, then shot up the house and 
went away. This was night. 

“Next morning the woman and her children fled 
from her home, never to return.” 

“The education of his children and the success of 
his thrift seem to be the sole offense of the Negro.” 

“A Negro complained in a peonage case. At the 
trial in Atlanta he appeared as a witness. Fearivg 
to return to the county he went elsewhere to live 
The son of his former employer discovered where he 
was livine. chtained a warrant for his arrest. ond 
hroucht him back He disapneared. A_ boy fishing 
found a skull in the stream.” 


“No Negroes remain in this county.” 


CRISIS 


Governor Dorsey, who bravely and 
openly discloses the truth, is not a 
member of that professional guild of 
southern white “Friends of the Ne- 
gro”. Ex-Governor Brough of Arkan- 
sas is the type of man who belonged 
to that spotless tribe and when condi- 
tions similar to those in Georgia be- 
gan to be unearthed there, instead of 
standing up to his previous profes- 
sions and pronouncements like a man, 
he staged riot and murder, brought in 
United States soldiers and Mississippi 
slave-drivers to harry and kill the Ne- 
groes, advertised in the Press and 
bulldozed the courts, and was deter- 
mined to execute twenty-four innocent 
victims and send dozens more to life 
imprisonment, becaues they dared to 
take a stand against human slavery 
and organized theft. 

Georgia stands naked and ashamed 
because one man dared tell the truth; 
but be not deceived. Georgia is no 
exception. Conditions in the county 
districts and villages of Mississippi 
are far worse than in Georgia. Con- 
ditions in certain districts of Ala- 
bama, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas 
are equally as bad, and Florida and 
South Carolina follow fast behind. 
This hell of the black South concealed 
back of the display and apparent 
peace of the large towns and cities, is 
no revelation to nine out of ten 
Southerners; but a conspiracy of si- 
lence keeps it out of the newspapers 
and when THE CRISIS speaks, its word 
is discounted as a radical fairy tale. 

Even the Christian church has 
helped and enthroned this universal 
lie. The white Arkansas Methodist 
says: 

“For months we have purposed writing in advocacy 
of giving the Negro a ‘square deal,’ and have heen de- 
terred by a realization that any admission of unfair 
dealing would be interpreted to admit far more than 


would be intended and thus encourage unwarranted 
hopes or presumption.” 


Can you imagine such smug hypoc- 
risy in the face of murder, outrage 
and slavery, on the part of a paper 














which carries in capitals on the same 
page: 

“THE HAUGHTY PEOPLE OF 
THE EARTH DO LANGUISH. THE 
EARTH ALSO IS DEFILED 
UNDER THE INHABITANTS 
THEREOF; BECAUSE THEY 
HAVE TRANSGRESSED TH E 
LAWS, CHANGED THE ORDIN- 
ANCE, BROKEN THE EVERLAST- 
ING COVENANT. THEREFORE 
HATH THE CURSE DEVOURED 
THE EARTH, AND THEY THAT 
DWELL THEREIN ARE DESO- 
LATE.” 


What can be done to remedy this 
southern situation—this sore whose 
filth for fifty years has defiled this na- 
tion and made its name a hissing in 
the ears of the world? 

First of all, will not this revelation, 
with its damning proof of truth, drive 
from its lethargy and drowsy excuses 
the conscience of this land? Will not 
Americans at last face their real, their 
greatest social problem? More than 
that,will not the white South stand up, 
throw off its silly provincialism, wel- 
come the aid of every serious soul, 
north, south, white, black, native, for- 
eign, and marshall the forces of right- 
eousness against the mob and the mur- 
derer? Will not the South cease to 
sneer at and traduce those Negroes 
who refuse to submit to slavery and 
outrage, and spew out the dangerous 
black lickspittles who crawl and de- 
ceive? 

Governor Dorsey advises certain 
measures of reform; some of them 
like education, publicity and change of 
venue are splendid; others like finan- 
cial penalties and state police are but 
palliative; below all these and fun- 
damental is the Right to Vote. So 
long as the Negro is disfranchised, 
sheriff, judges and local officials, the 
mob and the murderer, will spurn 
their rights. Let us face the truth: 
Education and the Ballot are the first 
steps to decency and civilization and 


OPINION 





55 


the Sou. . must and will acknowledge 
it. 

NEGRO ART 
wee) GRO art is today plowing a 
difficult row, chiefly because 
iy) we shrink at the portrayal of 

mm) the truth about ourselves. 
We are so used to seeing the truth 
distorted to our despite, that when- 
ever we are portrayed on canvas, in 
story or on the stage, as simply hu- 
man with human frailties, we rebel. 
We want everything that is said about 
us to tell of the best and highest and 
noblest in us. We insist that our Art 
and Propaganda be one. 

This is wrong and in the end it is 
harmful. We havea right, in our effort 
to get just treatment, to insist that 
we produce something of the best in 
human character and that it is un- 
fair to judge us by our criminals and 
prostitutes. This is justifiable propa- 
ganda. 

On the other hand we face the 
Truth of Art. We have criminals and 
prostitutes, ignorant and debased ele- 
ments just as all folk have. When 
the artist paints us he has a right to 
paint us whole and not ignore every- 
thing which is not as perfect as we 
would wish it to be. The black 
Shakespeare must portray his black 
Iagos as well as his white Othellos. 

We shrink from this. We fear that 
evil in us will be called racial, while 
in others it is viewed as individual. 
We fear that our shortcomings are 
not merely human but foreshadow- 
ings and threatenings of disaster and 
failure. The more highly trained we 
become the less can we laugh at Ne- 
gro comedy—we will have it all trag- 
edy and the triumph of dark Right 
over pale Villainy. 

The results are not merely negative 
-—they are positively bad. With a vast 
wealth of human material about us, 
our own writers and artists fear to 
paint the truth lest they criticize 
their own and be in turn ecriti- 
cized for it. They fail to see the 








56 


THE 


Eternal Beauty that shines through 
all Truth, and try to portray a world 
of stilted artificial black folk such as 
never were on land.or sea. 

Thus the white artist looking in on 
the colored world, if he be wise and 
discerning, may often see the beauty, 
tragedy and comedy more truly than 
we dare. Of course if he be simply 
a shyster like Tom Dixon, he will see 
only exaggerated evil, and fail as ut- 
terly in the other extreme as we in 
curs. But if, like Sheldon, he writes 
a fine true work of art like ‘““The Nig- 
ger’; or like Ridgely Torrence, a 
beautiful comedy like “The Rider of 
Dreams”; or like Eugene O’Neill, a 
splendid tragedy like “The Emperor 
Jones”—he finds to his own conster- 
nation the Negroes and even educated 
Negroes, shrinking or openly con- 
demning. 

Sheldon’s play has repeatedly been 
driven from the stage by ill-advised 
Negroes who objected to its name; 
Torrence’s plays were received by ed- 
ucated blacks with no great enthusi- 
asm; and only yesterday a protest of 
colored folk in a western city declared 
that 

“*The Emperor Jones’ is the kind 
of play that should never be staged 
under any circumstances, regardless 
of theories, because it portrays the 
worst traits of the bad element of 
both races.” 

No more complete misunderstanding 
of this play or of the aim of Art could 
well be written, although the editors 
of the Century and Current Opinion 
showed almost equal obtuseness. 

Nonsense. We stand today secure 
enough in our accomplishment and 
self-confidence to lend the whole stern 
human truth about ourselves to the 
transforming hand and seeing eye of 
the Artist, white and black, and Shel- 
don, Torrence and O’Neill are our 
great benefactors — forerunners of 
artists who will yet arise in Ethiopia 
of the Outstretched Arm. 





CRISIS 


ENGLISH SLAVERY 
)F RICANS were promised pro- 
} tection and freedom by the 
rl Allies. Like all the weaker 
peoples, they were to share 
the glories of the new world. They 
were to feel the effect of the conse- 
cration to God of our imperial life, a 
consecration solemly proclaimed by 
the Prime Ministers of the Empire in 
a public manifesto. 

In August last, Lord Milner, in the 
name of the Empire, announced to 
East Africa the joyful fate alloted to 
it. That fate is Forced Labor. Afri- 
cans are to labor under compulsion 
tor the Government; they are to work 
under official encouragement or pres- 
sure for the white members of the 
Empire. 

I do not pause to remark upon the 
utter callousness of the Government, 
its broken pledge, or its hypocritical 
invocation of God’s Name; | appeal 
directly to Great Britain and her Do- 
minions to save the Africans from 
this new form of slavery. 

This I do for three reasons. First, 
because it is political madness, at this 
time of day, to try and subject a 
weaker people to serfdom or to slav- 
ery. It cannot be done. To attempt 
it is to lay up for ourselves trouble 
of the worst kind. Africans are too 
wide awake, and have too many 
friends in America, to allow any one 
to re-enslave them. 

Secondly, it is moral madness. The 
Europeans who use these serfs will 
pay for it in moral deterioration. And 
the nation that connives at it will not 
be far behind them. 

Thirdly, it is so definitely an anti- 
Christian policy that no one who 
adopts is can any longer justify the 
Gospel of Christ to the African peo- 
ples. “Inasmuch as ye have done it 





unto one of the least of these My 

brethren, ye have done it unto Me.” 
—From a pamphlet by Frank Wes. 

ton, English Bishop of Zanzibar. 











THE SECOND PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS 
is expected that at the second 
Pan-African Congress’. there 
will be delegates from the 
United States, the English and 
French West Indies, Guiana, Cuba, 
English and French West Africa, 
the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Portuguese 
Africa, Abyssinia and Egypt. 

Among the organizations repre- 
sented will be the A. M. E. and Bap- 
tist churches, the Odd Fellows and 
Masons, the Greek letter fraternities, 
etc., in the United States ; the Nation- 
al Congress of British West Africa, 
the South Africa Native Congress, 
the African Political Organization, 
L’Union Congolaise, and others. 

In order to attend the Congress it 
will be necessary to sail from the 
United States sometime during the 
third week in August, when it will be 
easy to secure passage as travel is 
then light; it will be possible to re- 
turn the first week in September, but 
as travel is then very heavy, it would 
be better to plan for later in the 
month. Steamship passage will cost 
from $125 to $400 for each person, 
each way. 

Delegates must represent some or- 
ganization. This is easily arranged 
especially if the delegate is willing to 
defray his own expenses. 

The question of financing the work 
and expense necessary to the calling 
of the Congress is now pressing. The 
N. A. A. C. P. has underwritten this 
project to the extent of $2,500. We 
do not want, however, to take this 
money from the overburdened treas- 
ury, but to raise it as a special fund. 
The following voluntary subscrip- 
tions have already been received. 


Tercentenary fund* ....$225.00 





Bishop John Hurst..... 100.00 
Rev. H. C. Bishop...... 25.00 
John E. Milholland..... 15.00 

$365.00 


*Contributed for the Tercentenary which was given 
up on account of the War. Contributors who object to 
this use of the money may have their contributions 
refunded. 





OPINION 57 


The Crisis is seeking 100 persons 
or clubs who will each donate $25 for 
Pan-Africa. May we hear from our 
readers immediately ? 


CRIME 
F once, then a thousand times 
white Southerners fling at us: 
why do you not denounce Negro 
crime as well as white lynch- 
ing? 

Because there is no “Negro” crime. 
There is crime committed by Negroes 
and by white men; by Southerners 
and Northerners; by yellow and red, 
Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans 
and Russians; and against this fright- 
ful failure of civilization and religion, 
of culture, humanity and decency, we 
continually inveigh. We hate delin- 
quency, cruelty and outrage with per- 
fect hatred; and when it is done by 
blacks, the hurt and shame go deep- 
er than in any other case, not only 
because we know that innocent blacks 
will suffer more than the guilty, but 
because our ideals for Negroes are 
high. 

We welcome and follow with pas- 
sionate haste any act or law that will 
prevent crime. But will lynching do 
it? Only beasts like Tillman say that. 
Will savage 75 year sentences and 
loathsome jails and dungeons do it? 
They haven’t. On the other hand, 
what causes crime — Negro and 
white? Every school boy knows: 
poverty, ignorance, ill-health, unjust 
courts, unintelligent sentences, un- 
speakable jails). Who can remedy 
these and prevent crime? Can we 
blacks secure better wages in labor, 
can we abolish child labor and protect 
mothers, can we secure decent schools 
can we protect health, elect good 
judges and officials? We can at least 
try, and through the N. A. A. C. P. 
and THE CRISIS we are trying day in 
and day out to do this. 





COLORED TEACHERS IN CHARLESTON 
SCHOOLS 





Ga SA 


i Sh SA 


Ca SA 





* is not widely known that up to 1920 
the colored public schools of Charleston, 
South Carolina, were manned by southern 
white teachers. There was no objection to 
these teachers simply because of their race. 
White teachers from New England and the 
North have done unforgetable pioneer work 
for the establishment of Negro education 
and the finest point of contact between the 
races today are many of the white teachers 
who still remain in southern colored schools. 

But the teachers in Charleston schools 
were not simply white; they were white peo- 
ple who maintained their standing as 
“southern” whites; that is, they believed in 
the inevitable inferiority of all Negroes, in 
the “supremacy” of the white race, in ab- 
sence of all social contact between teacher 
and taught, in discrimination against Ne- 
groes and in limited Negro education. 

Such a situation was intolerable and 
black Charleston writhed under it for years. 
However, it was not easy to get rid of the 
anomaly. In the first place, colored people 
did not want to put themselves on record 
as willing to increase discriminatory stat- 
utes on the law books of South Carolina. 
Again they were afraid that any organized 
movement against white teachers, and es- 
pecially white women, would bring upon 
them enmity and retaliation from the white 
community; despite the fact that the white 
teachers in colored schools got the same pay 
as those in white schools, the annual per 
capita expenditure on enrolled white pupils 
was $35.70, and on colored $2.55! If now 
the Board of School Commissioners became 
offended and colored teachers were forced 
on them what greater discrepancy might not 
appear? Finally Negroes were not at all 
sure for many years that they themselves 
wanted colored teachers! 

Their resentment therefore simmered on 
with many abortive movements for a long 
time. In 1910 Charleston had a Negro 
school population of 5,329, of whom only 
65 per cent were reported in school and 
many of these in private schools. For this 
population there were up to 1919, three 


colored public schools with 53 white teach- 
ers and principals. Only two colored teach- 
ers were employed in the whole system, and 
these in order to comply with a bequest 
made by colored troops during the Civil 
War. 

In January, 1919, colored Charleston led 
by the local branch of the N. A. A. C. P., 
determined that it was time for the white 
teachers to go at any cost. Their attitude 
toward the colored children was humiliating 
to the last degree. Under their tutelage the 
children were learning to despise themselves 
and their race and to regard white folks as 
their natural masters. 

On January 18, the colored people sent a 
petition to the Governor, the Superintend- 
ent of Education, and the legislature, say- 
ing: 

“We, the citizens of the Negro race and 
parents of pupils of the aforesaid race in 
attendance as pupils of the public schools 
of Charleston, do, through our committee, 
to wit, Thomas E. Miller, John M. Thomp- 
son, William E. Johnson, Edwin A. Harles- 
ton and Charles C. Jacobs, most respectfully 
petition for assistance and relief from the 
uncalled for, unnecessary, unusual, abnormal 
conditions that surround and control the 
management, instruction and teaching of 
the children of the aforesaid race in the 
public schools of the city of Charleston. 

“Fifty-six years after freedom the Ne- 
groes of the city of Charleston are den‘ed 


the right to teach Negro children by Ne- 
groes in the free public schools of Charles- 
ton; and, 

“Whereas, We need relief from this un- 
Beery unusual, abnormal condition; 
and, 

“Whereas, We have thousands of educat- 
ed men and women who are prepared and 
worthy to teach the children of the afore- 
said race in the city of Charleston; and, 

“Whereas, Under the existing law of the 
free public schools of the State of South 
Carolina, it is impossible for teachers of the 
Negro-race to teach children of the Negro 
race in the free public schools in the city 
of Charleston; and, 

“Whereas, Negro teachers do teach child- 
ren in every other city of this state, and in 
every city in every one of the thirteen old 


58 





slave-holding States in the Union: 

“We, therefore, most humbly petition and 
pray to each and every one of you in author- 
ity to have Section No. 1780 of the Civil 
Code of 1912 amended so as to read: That 
it shall be unlawful for a person of the white 
race to teach in the free public schools of 
South Carolina provided and set aside for 
the children of the Negro race.” 


The chairman of the committee, the Hon- 
orable Thomas E. Miller, a colored man 
who was once a member of Congress from 
South Carolina, was sent to Columbia to lay 
this petition before the Legislature. House 
Bill No. 108 was accordingly introduced by 
R. A. Meares. A joint hearing was ar- 
ranged by the House Committee on Educa- 
tion and the colored committee went up to 
Columbia. 

Meantime, however, they had been busy. 
Sixteen mass meetings had been called in 
the city and the members of the Charleston 
Branch had been called upon to make a city 
wide canvas. They were told to “spread the 
information broadcast to all parents of col- 
ored pupils that it is necessary for them 





COLORED TEACHERS 





59 


to go on record as being desirous of having 
colored teachers in the public schools of 
this city, and that simply holding that de- 
sire and not being willing to signify by their 
signatures lends no assistance. Warn them 
against petitions requesting the retention of 
white teachers.” 


Hundreds helped in the canvass, and over 
five thousand signatures of heads of- fami- 
lies representing three-fourths of the col- 
ored population of Charleston, were secured. 
A typed copy of these cards, certified to by 
a judge of the city court, was sent to Co- 
lumbia. 

It must, of course, be remembered that in 
South Carolina with a population (1910) of 
835,843 Negroes and 679,161 whites, there 
is not a single Negro representative in the 
Legislature. Moreover, the census reported 
(1910) 357,822 Negroes, 10 years of age 
and over, who could read and write. The 
Negroes therefore represented a totally dis- 
franchised group appealing to whites, and 
their only resource was strategy. That strat- 


THE CHARLESTON COMMITTEE 
E, A. HARLESTON 
DR. W. H. JOHNSON 





HON. THOMAS E, MILLER 


REV. C. C. JACOBS 
DR. J. M. THOMPSON 





60 


THE 


egy consisted in skillfully driving a wedge 
between the up-state poor whites and the 
aristocrats of Tidewater. 

The hearing before the House committee 
turned into an interesting joint debate. 
Three members of the Charleston Board of 
Commissioners were present and the col- 
ored committee with Congressman. Miller 
as spokesman. The chairman of the com- 
mittee on education gave each side thirty 
minutes. As the debate progressed the small 
minority who had been favorable to the 
bill, rapidly and visibly began to change 
to a large majority. 

Senator A. R. Young, of Charleston, 
championed the white teachers. He praised 
their ability, spoke of their vested rights 
and said it was an outrage to dismiss these 
“white ladies” on a petition of Negroes; 
whereupon an up-state representative sug- 
gested that they be pensioned, but Senator 
Young repudiated such charity. 


As a last shot the white Charlestonians 
said that this colored committee did not 
really represent the colored folk of Charles- 
ton and that they were a set of highbrows 
and mulattoes trying to do what the real 
Negro of Charleston did not want done. 
Thereupon Mr. Miller, bending over with 
the weight of the satchel, presented the cer- 
tificates representing some 25,000 of Charles- 
ton’s 35,000 colored population. This really 
settled the matter. 

The Charleston delegation saw that their 
cause was lost and immediately they 
proposed a compromise which would enable 
them to do what the Negroes wished with- 
out being compelled by law. This was ex- 
actly what the Negroes preferred because 
they were themselves unwilling to make it 





CRISIS 


legally impossible for white persons to teach 
in the Negro public schools. 
On January 31, therefore, Mr. Meares 
wrote to Senator Young, in part as follows: 
*T am authorized by Thomas Miller, chair- 
man of delegation of Negro petitioners from 
the city of Charleston, in the interest of the 
proposed bill to make unlawful the teaching 
in the state of Negro pupils by white teach- 
ers after the current scholastic year, to say: 
that he agrees, in their behalf, to deferring 
action on the bill till the next session on 
Tuesday following, for the purpose of your 
effecting an understanding on part of the 
city board of school trustees, if possible, 
prior to that date, whereby the bill may be 
withdrawn with the promise from the board 
to provide the relief therein specified one 
year after the current scholastic year.” 
Mr. Young replied February 3, “I think 
I can arrange the proposition as stated in 
your letter with the school board here.” 
On the same day the city board of public 
school commissioners of Charleston voted: 


“Resolved, That on or before the scholas- 
tic year commencing September 1, 1920, that 
no white teachers shall be employed in the 
public schools in the city of Charleston to 
teach Negro pupils, but that Negro teach- 
ers will be employed to teach the Negro pu- 
pils. A true copy.” 


A. B. RHETT, Superintendent. 
Thereupon the bill introduced by Mr. 
Meares was withdrawn from the Commit- 
tee on Education and tabled, and on Sep- 
tember 1, 1920, all the teachers in the col- 
ored schools of Charleston were colored. 
The total cost of this campaign, not es- 
timating the value of volunteer labor, was 
$450, and included in this is the cost of two 
silver candlesticks which the colored peo- 
ple of Charleston gave to Mr. Meares. 


ON THE BOOKSHELF 


WW ss 


The Soul of John Brown. By Stephen 
Graham. Macmillan Company, New York. 

Two Colored Women With the A. E. F. 
By Addie W. Hunton and Kathryn M. John- 
son. 

Finding a Way Out. By Robert Russa 
Moton. Doubleday, Page & Co., New York. 

Africa: Slave or Free? By John H. Har- 
ris. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York. 

The Bantu—Past and Present. By S. M. 





JESSIE FAUSET 





an UB 


Molema. W. Green & Son, Limited, Edin- 
burgh. 

Songs and Tales From the Dark Contin- 
ent. Natalie Curtis. G. Schirmer, New 


York and Boston. 


LMSTEAD’S famous journey through 
the Seaboard Slave States has been re- 
peated not only in fact, but in spirit by a 
young Englishman, Stephen Graham, who 











came to America last year to see for him- 
self the workings of the race problem. He 
visited Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Alaba- 
ma, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi. In 
Georgia he tramped the actual road from 
“Atlanta to the Sea”, to be able to contrast 
the modern conditions of ex-slaves with 
those of sixty years ago. 


First impressions are lasting because usu- 
ally they are true. Very often indeed the 
vividness, even the effect of those impres- 
sions may be explained away. But the thing 
which must needs be explained is still there. 
Talk as you will, expound, interpret, de- 
fend, the fact still remains that America 
does not accord the rights of life, liberty 
and justice to her black citizenry. 

We quote two or three passages: 


“T felt sorry for the white women of the 
South; there will some day be a terrible 
reckoning against them. Their honor and 
safety are being made the pretext for terri- 
ble brutality and cruelty. Revenge, when it 
gains its opportunity, will therefore wreak 
itself upon the white woman most. Because 
in the name of the white woman they justify 
burning Negroes at the stake to-day, white 
women may be burned by black mobs by and 
by. There is no doubt that almost any in- 
surrection of Negroes could ultimately be 
put down by force, and that it would be very 
bad for the Negroes and for their cause, but 
before it could be put down what might 
happen? And should it synchronize with 
revolutionary disturbances among the 
Whites themselves, or with a foreign war!” 


“If America does not cast out the devil of 
class hate from the midst of her she will 
again be ravished by the Angel of Death 
as in the Civil War. The established peace- 
ful routine of a country like America is very 
deceptive. All seems so permanent, so un- 
shakable. The new refinement, the new po- 
liteness and well-lined culture, and vast 
commercial organization and press suggest 
that no calamity could overtake them. The 
force that makes for disruption and anarchy 
is generated silently and secretly. It accu- 
mulates, accumulates, and one day it must 
discharge itself.” 

To the white American this Englishman’s 
conclusions will come as a shock, but to the 
colored American, his words are often an 
echo. 

By a curious coincidence we read in the 
current issue of Unity: 





ON THE BOOK SHELF 


61 


“ ‘People of African descent’ in this coun- 
try are either going to be placed on a plane 
of absolute equality with other peoples, or 
else there is going to be trouble which will 
make even the Civil War seem insignifi- 
cant.” 





RS. HUNTON and Miss Johnson have 

done an important piece of work in 
giving to the world their experiences with 
the A. E. F. So far as I know this is 
the first intimate and authentic account of 
the life of the colored soldier who fought 
for his country in France. The book is not 
only a good narrative but it is educational 
and contains many a bit of information, 
many an anecdote which must make the col- 
ored ex-soldier consider it as a guide-book 
to memory. Of course for the stay-at-home 
it is indispensable. 

Though clearly not written as propaganda 
we find in these pages propaganda of the 
most effective sort. The dispassionate ac- 
count,—tempered by a sort of marvell'’ng 
sadness that such things could be—of the 
needless, foolish humiliations and distinc- 
tions which our boys were forced to under- 
go in France, leaves an indelible impression. 
If seas of blood cannot wipe out prejudice, 
what can? Yet the tone of the book is never 
that of despair. 

From the standpoint of generat‘ons to 
come, a different arrangement of the pic- 
tures might have been wished for, but even 
as they are, they are valuable. 





BOOK like Major Moton’s is a source 

of puzzle to a reviewer. It is honest, 
sincere and written in simple, readable Eng- 
lish. But what is one to say of an autobi- 
ography which offers no high lights beckon- 
ing on, no peaks for the reader to ascend? 
Some such effect as this is the absolute 
sine qua non of an autob‘ography, otherwise 
why write it? It is different in the case 
of a biography, its subject has already in- 
spired the writer, hence the volume. There 
is a rather lightly drawn sketch of life 
on the plantation in Virginia, and of school- 
life at Hampton and Tuskegee which might 
interest the student seeking information on 
various aspects of Negro life. 





N encyclopedia and an indictment are 

the terms most aptly to be employed in 
Harris’, “Africa: 
As the first it will soon re- 


a description of Mr. 
Slave or Free?” 


62 THE 
place the reader’s hazy notions of Africa 
with definite and surprising information. 
He will learn, for instance, that the African 
is remarkably energetic, courteous, hospit- 
able; that France possesses the largest 
amount of African territory, but that Great 
Britain rules the greatest number of people. 
He will be able to distinguish between the 
terms dominion, dependency, crown colony 
and protectorate. He will find out the 
extraordinary number of uses to which palm 
and olive oil may be put, and he will real- 
ize that Slavery, inhuman and unspeakable, 
still exists. 

The colored reader in particular will learn 
with interest, 

“Liberia, as large as Ireland and Wales 
together and inhabited by 2,000,000 of na- 
tives, possesses internal resources of enorm- 
ous potential value, for the virgin forests 
abound in mahogany and scented woods, 
gums, wild rubber and vegetable oils.” 

But it is as an indictment that Mr. Har- 
ris’ book is outstanding. He arraigns the 
British, Portuguese, and former German 
systems of rule. The French do not escape 
this either but at least French rule is supe- 
rior to the others in one remarkable feature 
in that it permits “direct representation 
from the Colonies and Dependencies in the 
Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Senegal 
and Guinea each have a deputy, whilst al- 
most every other political division has a rep- 
resentative or representatives on the Conseil 
Superior des Colonies. The representative 
for Senegal is a full-blooded Jollof.” 

There are atrocious instances of misgov- 
ernment, however, with regard to the ex- 
propriation of land and of forced labor. 
“The supreme issue of life to the African 
is his land.” This is why he will stand 
the loss of wife, children, cattle, political 
freedom, but will fight with primitive pike 
and arrow against mausers and machine 
guns. “‘Take my land and you take my 
life,’”” he says, “therefore as well lose life 
by bullet or cannon-shell as by being robbed 
of land.” But the brutal thievery still goes 
on. 

Forced labor and its methods of enforce- 
ment receive a comprehensive discussion. 
The indigenous African possessed three 
things (1) his ability te labor, (2) his 
land, (3) the wealth of that land. Take 
from him by expropriation his land and 
necessarily its virgin riches, and he has 
nothing left but his labor. But since he is 


CRISIS 


without tangible possession how can he meet 
the exigencies of—taxation, say—at the 
hands of the new owners of the land on 
which he is graciously permitted to remain? 
Mr. Harris shows how Belgium, for instance, 
arranged this little problem: “For genera- 
tions the native had gathered and sold his 
produce at the market value; that produce 
was his no longer; all he now had to sell was 
his labor, and this he was naturally unwill- 
ing to do for the purpose of gathering what 
had now become the property of the white 
and which but yesterday was his own! The 
next procedure was inevitable, namely, the 
further proposition that taxation being 
equitable, and the native having now no 
means of paying taxes, should graciously be 
given the right of defraying his obligation in 
labor which could be used at the discretion 
of the white man to gather the natural 
produce—rubber and ivory—which by ad- 
ministrative enactment had passed from na- 
tive ownership to the hands of the white 
man!” 

Anyone who supposes that the African is 
proposing to see himself and his kind treated 
thus forever like dumb, driven cattle has 
much to learn. Sir Sydney Olivier points 
out in the preface that already the change 
is at hand. “Numbers of Africans,” he 
says, “have been disillusioned as to the 
boasted superiorities of the white man. I 
do not wish to over-emphasize this factor, 
but it exists, and it will be a mistake to ig- 
nore it. . . . There has grown up dur- 
ing the war, and there is progressively shap- 
ing itself, a greater common consciousness 
and determination among Africans as to the 
future and the rights of African races.” 


ged more important than Mr. Harris’ 
book, though necessarily not so com- 
prehensive—its title shows that—is the 
study of the Bantu by Mr. Molema. The 
author is himself a member of the Bantu 
folk, he was educated in Scotland, he had 
finished most of his book in 1917, and has 
utilized the delay in publication caused by 
the war, by bringing the volume up to date. 
The work therefore may be considered the 
last word in authenticity. Chapter one is 
entitled “a revelation,” but indeed the whole 
book is a revelation “to the average English- 
speaking person, without any great ac- 
quaintance with South African affairs”. Be- 
ginning with the information that the word 
“Bantu” refers to a race stock divided into 





i 
i) 





‘0 ‘Gd ‘NOLONIHSVM “V ‘0 ‘M ‘A GAXHOTOOD MAN V—-ANIO AGILVAZHM SIITAHdA FHL 





64 


THE 


nationalities possessing a uniform language, 
rather than, as many people think, a specific 
tribe, Mr. Molema expounds on the manners 
and customs, language, moral conduct, re- 
ligious beliefs and tribal divisions of a peo- 
ple in possession of a clearly marked and 
well-developed civilization of their own. He 
then takes up the European invasion, shows 
the suppression and resurgence of slavery, 
the work of missionaries, the education of 
the Bantu, the exploitation of labor, and the 
relations of black and white in South Africa 
where he draws a contrast between Briton 
and Boer. 


This author shows a remarkable dispas- 
sionateness. The reader is strongly im- 
pressed therefore when he reads “Slavery 
with all its sordid passions has been disin- 
terred and revivified and re-established in all 
but name in South Africa. Morality in 
South Africa has long since been throttled 
and buried.” And again, “the steady cur- 
tailing of their liberties, the systematic dis- 
appearance of their lands, the increasing 
prevalence of such words as ‘expediency’ in 
the place of ‘right’ and ‘justice’, the deep- 
ening and broadening of the gulf of race 
feeling [all this under British rule]—these 
are not calculated to awake happy thoughts. 

They seem to bode nothing but ill.” 

The book is equipped with a thorough and 
valuable bibliography on Africa, a number 
of maps show position of race groups, their 
shifting and replacement, and an appendix 
containing copies of treaties, articles ani 
legislative documents. 





66 E have thought of the natives of 
Africa and the Negroes in America 
chiefly as a labor supply,” writes Natalie 
Curtis in her introduction to the book which 
she has compiled with the aid of Kamba 
Simango and Madikane Qandeyana Cele. 
These two young men, the first from Portu- 
guese East Africa, the second from Zulu- 
land, have done their part toward changing 
this idea. They have come forward with a 
group of songs and legends, with descrip- 
tions and examples of wood-carving and tex- 
tile designs which must fix once for all the 
place of the native African high up in the 
scale of Art and Literature. 

All the decorations in the book, and even 
the cover, which is unique and attractive, 
are reproductions of African textiles which 
were originally woven and cut from palm- 





CRISIS 


fibre, the native plush. There are also pic- 
tures and descriptions of boxes, drinking 
horns and other implements, fashioned beau- 
tifully and intricately from wood, ivory and 
iron. 


But the songs, and stories are the im- 
portant feature; most of us had some con- 
cept before of the existence of African 
utensils, though not to be sure of their 
loveliness. But these songs with their love- 
ly, elusive touch, their hint of an exotic 
and delicate imagery are hardly what one 
expected to find in the dark continent. Mr. 
Simango sings, 


“On homeward pinion 
The bird flies forth.” 


There are folk-tales, folk-dances, stvries 
with an old flavor, of Shulo the Hare and 
Hamba the Tortoise. There are modern 
proverbs in an old dress. “Blood is thicker 
than water”, merges into or rather emerges 
from, “Baboons quarrel while eating. 
danger they help one another.” 


Mr. Cele is from South Africa, Mr. Si- 
mango from East Africa. It is not likely 
that the culture (and they give us evidence 
of a real well-established one) represented 
by these two, has sprung up sporadically in 
two portions only of Africa. Miss Kathleen 
Easmon, of Sierra Leone, tells us that while 
she was studying jewel-smithing in London 
she showed specimens of African handiwork 
to her professors, who repeatedly mistook 
them for examples of early Greek, Chinese or 
East Indian art, yet these articles came 
from the Gold Coast, from Nigeria, the work 
of native Africans who had barely heard 
of these countries. Mrs. Casely Hayford, 
also of Sierra Leone, tells of the courtship 
of the native of Sierra Leone. “May I pluck 
this rose?” the suitor asks of the girl’s 
father? “This rose has been sheltered in 
our garden,” the parent replies, “tell me, 
can you give her equal protection?” 

Here then are evidences that a very real, 
backward reaching, finely developed civiliza- 
tion, one that is native and endemic, has 
been existing over a large part of Africa. 
Why have we not heard of it before? Much 
gratitude is due Mrs. Burlin (Natalie Cur- 
tis) for assisting these two young men to 
present to the world the semper quid novi 
ex Africa, “something ever new from Af- 
rica.” New to us that is, but clearly to 


In 


Africa as old as her eternal mystery. 














National- Association: for: the --- 


Advancement: of Colored-People. 


DETROIT CONFERENCE 


HE program for the Detroit Conference 

has practically been completed. Among 
some of the speakers who have already ac- 
cepted are Moorfield Storey, National Presi 
dent of the N. A. A. C. P.; Dr. Norman 
Thomas, Editor of the World Tomorrow; M. 
Pauleus Sannon, Head of the Haitian Com- 
mission to the United States; the Honorable 
C. D. B. King, President of Liberia; Joel E. 
Spingarn; James H. Maurer, President of 
the Pennsylvania State Federation of La- 
bor; Governor Alexander J. Groesbeck of 
Michigan; Dr. John Haynes Holmes of New 
York; Miss Nannie Burroughs of Washing- 
ton and other nationally prominent men and 
women. The splendid list of speakers given 
above augmented by others whose accept- 
ances are pending, assures programs of ex- 
ceptionally high character from the begin- 
ning to the end of the conference. 

Great interest is being shown in the con- 
ference by the branches. Although the con- 
ference will not convene until Sunday, June 
26, a number of the branches have already 
signified their intention to send delegates. 
It is the hope of the National Office that 
every branch in the Association will be rep- 
resented at Detroit. Besides the illuminat- 
ing discussions at the evening mass meetings, 
the business sessions to be held on the 
morning and afternoon of each day from 
Monday through Friday inclusive, promise 
to be of unusual value. 

The National Office is happy to announce 
that convention rates have been secured for 
the conference. All delegates, members, 
guests and their families will be enabled to 
take advantage of this rate provided they 
reach Detroit by Thursday, June 30, when 
a special representative of the Central Pas- 
senger Association will be present to vali- 
date all certificates. When you purchase 
your ticket to Detroit, ask the ticket agent 
to give you a certificate. Do not make the 


mistake of asking for a receipt, but insist 
upon receiving a certificate. Promptly upon 
your arrival in Detroit, you are urged to 





go to headquarters, which will be located 
at the Second Baptist Church, on Monroe 
Street, near Beaubien Street. Upon regis- 
tering turn over your certificate at the reg- 
istration desk for validation When that cer- 
tificate is signed by a representative of the 
Association and the representative of the 
railroad, it will entitle the holder to secure 
his return ticket for one-half the regular 
rate. Upon going to Detroit, you will pay 
the regular fare. 

Saturday, June 25, will be the official date 
for the arrival of delegates, their assignment 
to stopping places and the other details 
which must be disposed of before the con- 
ference begins. Plan to reach Detroit dur- 
ing Saturday, June 25. 

The official sessions of the conference will 
open Sunday afternoon June 26 at 3 P. M. 
with a large mass meeting. The subject for 
the evening mass meetings are: 

Monday, June 27—“Lynching and Peon- 

age—the Negro and the Law.” 

Tuesday, June 28—“The Negro’s Part in 

America’s Industrial Future.” 
Wednesday, June 29—“The Press, The 
Church and Public Opinion.” 

Thursday, June 30—“Pan-Africa, Haiti, 

Liberia”—Spingarn Medal Award. 
Friday, July 1—“Disfranchisement—The 
Colored Woman Voter.” 

Delegates to the conference are urged to 
have their reports in writing as a great deal 
of time can be saved if the facts are in 
succinct form for easy presentation. Dele- 
gates credentials have been sent to all 
branches and those branches which have not 
as yet elected their delegates and forwarded 
delegates credentials to the National Of- 
fice, are requested to do so immediately. 


PROPOSED NEGRO LEGISLATION 
URING the first fortnight of the 67th 
Congress, a flood of bills touching up- 
on the Negro problem testified to the value 
of long years of ag'tation, and to President 
Harding’s reference to the race problem in 
his message of April 12 to Congress. Of 
15 bills introduced, 10 can be classed as 


65 


66 THE 


favorable while 5 are unfavorable. Of the 
latter, three prohibit intermarriage in the 
District of Columbia between white and 
colored people, while the other two seek to 
establish jim-crow street cars in the Dis- 
trict. It is needless to state that the N. A. 
A. C. P. will oppose each of these. 

Of the 10 bills which can be classed as 
favorable, there is grave doubt as to the 
value of some of them. Two of them, for 
example, one in the Senate and one in the 
House of Representatives, provide for the 
creation of a commission on lynching. The 
position of the National Office is that a com- 
mission on lynching is no more needed than 
a commission on murder or treason, as the 
question of whether lynching is ever justi- 
fiable or not is not a debatable one. One 
bill provides that the House Committee on 
Foreign Affairs be empowered to investi- 
gate the American occupation of Santo Do- 
mingo. 

The two most important bills provide for 
a federal anti-lynching law. Both were in- 
troduced in the House. One bill provides 
for the creation of a Negro Industrial Com- 
mission and another for the creation of an 
Inter-racial Commission, in accordance with 
President Harding’s suggestion. 


It appears that the work of the National 
Association during the present session of 
Congress will be considerable. 


24TH INFANTRY CASES 

ORE. than 40,000 names signed to pe- 

titions requesting President Harding 
to grant pardons to the 56 men of the 24th 
Infantry now imprisoned in Leavenworth 
prison for alleged participation in the 
Houston, Texas, riots of August, 1917, have 
been received at the National Office. The 
National Office has also received reports 
from many other branches stating that these 
petitions were being signed with eagerness 
and that they would be forwarded to the 
National Office as soon as the task is com- 
pleted. The enthusiastic response to the 
appeal in this cause indicates that we will 
secure far more than the 100,000 signatures 
originally asked. 

Active work in these cases has been go- 
ing on for some time. The National Office 
has retained James A. Cobb of Washing- 
ton to handle all legal matters connected 
with the 24th Infantry cases at the National 
Capital. We have also retained Attorney 
James H. Guy, of Topeka, Kansas, to han- 


CRISIS 


dle all legal matters near Leavenworth pris- 
on. Mr. Guy will be remembered as one 
of the lawyers who rendered such efficient 
service in the Robert L. Hill extraditioh 
case. Both Mr. Cobb and Mr. Guy will work 
in conjunction with the National Legal 
Committee of the Association at New York. 
Our efforts will not be slackened until we 
have done all that is possible to secure the 
release of these men who have been unjust- 
ly imprisoned for nearly four years. 


ANTI-INTERMARRIAGE BILLIN 
MICHIGAN 


ELDOM has efficient organization been 

demonstrated more effectively than by 
the Michigan branches of the N. A. A. C. P. 
in defeating a bill introduced in the State 
Legislature of Michigan, prohibiting inter- 
marriage between white and colored people. 
On April 11, the National Office received a 
letter from Harold A. Lett, Pres:dent of the 
Lansing branch, stating that such a bill 
had been introduced on the 7th. The Lan- 
sing branch had immediately sent copies to 
each branch in the state and appealed to 
political and fraternal organizations to 
unite in exerting all pressure possible upon 
their respective representatives and sena- 
tors to defeat the bill. 

The National Office at once communicated 
with all the Michigan branches urging them 
to unite in sending a delegation to Lansing 
to appear at a public hearing on the bill. 
Publicity was secured through the Michigan 
newspapers and a number of the branches 
were urged to hold mass meetings to arouse 
public sentiment against the measure. The 
arguments on which opposition to the bill 
was based, were, first, anti-intermarriage 
laws are a denial of equal protection to col- 
ored women, placing the colored girl at the 
mercy of any white libertine. Second—anti- 
intermarriage laws would be a public dec- 
laration that Negro blood is a physical taint, 
a theory which no self-respecting colored 
person can accept. It was also pointed out 
that the passage of such a law by a legisla- 
tive body composed wholly of white mem- 
bers implied a fear that laws are needed to 
prevent white women from marying col- 
ored men. A splendid spirit of codperation 
and of activity was shown by all of the 
branches in opposing this bill. 

On April 13, the National Office received a 
telegram stating that the bill was killed in 
committee on the night of the 12th. 











nm 


| 


—_ os ah OF 

















WEST VIRGINIA JIM-CROW BILL 


o ipea West Virginia branches have func- 
tioned quite as efficiently as the Michi- 
gan branches in opposing unfavorable, and 
supporting favorable, legislation in the West 
Virginia State Legislature. 
On March 24, the National Office received 
a telegram from H. H. Jones, President of 
the Wheeling Branch, stating that a bill 
had been introduced in the State Legisla- 
ture of West Virginia providing for separ- 
ate railroad accommodations for white and 
colored people, and advising that the bill 
was pending before the Committee on Rail- 
roads. He also requested action by the Na- 
tional Office. The National Office immedi- 
ately got in touch by special delivery let- 
ter with the presidents and secretaries of 
the nine West Virginia branches urging that 
each branch wire its representative or rep- 
resentatives and state senators, expressing 
strong opposition to such legislation and 
that they secure the sending of as many 
similar messages by individuals as possible. 
The Wheeling Branch led in the fight 
against the bill, making personal appeals to 
members of the legislature and securing 
their assurance of opposition to the bill; se- 
curing active support of the State Com- 
mander of the American Legion in fighting 
the measure; had local colored churches pass 
resolutions against the bill; held a monster 
mass meeting of protest at which resolutions 
were passed signed by all present and sent 
to members of the legislature; urged by wire 
similar action by prominent colored men 
throughout the state; and secured the aid 
of prominent white people against the bill. 
The Mount Hope branch located in Fayette 
County, from which came the representa- 
tive who introduced the bill sent, according 
to a letter dated March 26, more than a 
thousand individuals to appear against the 
bill at a hearing of the Railroad Commit- 
tee. The Charleston, West Virginia Branch 
was especially active. As a result the Com- 
mittee on Railroads killed the Bill on April 
3. It can not be introduced again as this 
session of the legislature. 


ANTI-LYNCHING BILL IN WEST 
VIRGINIA 
IHROUGH the activities of the two col- 
ored members of the West Virginia 
State Legislature, Messrs. T. Gillis Nutter 


N. A. A. C. P. 


67 


and H. J. Capehart, an anti-lynching meas- 
ure for the punishment of lynching mobs 
and the prevention of lynchings, has been in- 
troduced. Mr. Capehart writes under date 
of April 15, stating that the measure has 
passed the House of Delegates and the State 
Senate. He feels reasonably confident that 
the Bill will become a law, as Governor 
Cornwell will in all probability sign the 
measure. 

The West Virginia law is one of the 
strongest of its kind any where in the 
United States and much credit is due Messrs. 
Nutter and Capehart for securing the en- 
actment of the measure. 


MINNESOTA ANTI-LYNCHING BILL 


ARLY in February, the National Office 
received a request from William T. 
Francis, of St. Paul, Minnesota, asking for 
data to be used in the preparation of an 
anti-lynching measure to be introduced in 
the state legislature of Minnesota. The Na- 
tional Office complied immediately. On 
February 25, House Bill 785 was introduced 
by Messrs. Christianson, Lewin, Olsen, 
Norrdlin, Swenson and Gilsason providing 
for the assessing of damages not exceeding 
$7,500.00 upon the county in which a lynch- 
ing occurs, and for the removal by the Gov- 
ernor of any officer who allows a person to 
be taken from him by a mob and lynched. 
This bill was passed by the legislature 
without amendment and on April 19 was 
also passed by the state senate. Governor 
Preus stated before the passage of the 
bill that it would be a pleasure to sign it. 
Mrs. Nellie Francis, who has been very 
active in arousing necessary public senti- 
ment sends us the following copy of the 
bill, which has since become a law: 


A BILL 
For an Act to Prevent Lynching; to Fix In- 
demnity for the Dependents of Any Person 
Lynched, and to Provide for the Removal 
from Office of the Sheriff and Deputy Sher- 
iffs Having Charge of any Person Lynched. 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State 
of Minnesota: 

Section 1. Lynching is the killing of a 
human being, by the act or procurement of 
a mob. 

Section 2. Whenever any person shall be 
lynched, the county in which said lynching 
occurred shall be liable in damages to the 
dependents of the person lynched in a sum 
not exceeding seven thousand five hundred 
dollars to be recovered in a civil action. 

Section 3. Any Sheriff, Deputy Sheriff 
or other officer having the custody of any 





6s 


THE 


person whom it is sought by a mob to take 
trom his custody, who shall fail or neglect 
to use all lawful means to resist such tak- 
ing, shall be guilty of malfeasance and shall 
be removed from office by the Governor in 
the manner and upon the same procedure as 
is provided by law for the removal of county 
aiivers guilty of malfeasance or non-feas- 
ance in the performance of their official 
duties. 

Section 4. This act shall take effect and 
be in force from and after its passage. 


PRESIDENT HARDING 


” the May issue of THE CRISIS, we told of 
the conference of James Weldon Johnson 
with President Harding at the White House 
on Monday, April 4. Quoting from the arti- 
cle in that issue we stated that 


“Mr. Johnson urged upon the President 
that he include in his first message to Con- 
gress a definite recommendation for the 
passage of a federal anti-lynching law.” 

Mr. Johnson further requested: 

“the appointment of a National Inter-racial 
Commission to make a thorough and sincere 
Study of race conditions and race relations 
in the United States with particular refer- 
ence to the causes of friction.” 


It was a source of great satisfaction 
when President Harding in his first address 
to Congress on Tuesday, April 12, adopted 
the recommendations of the N. A. A. C. P. 
in the following words: 


Congress ought to wipe the stain of bar- 
baric lynching from the banners of a free 
and orderly representative democracy. We 
face the fact that many millions of our peo- 
ple of African descent are numbered among 
our population, and that in a number of 
states. they constitute a very large propor- 
tion of the total population. It is unneces- 
sary to recount the difficulties incident to 
this condition, or to emphasize the fact 
that it is a condition which cannot be re- 
moved. There has been suggestion, how- 
ever, that some of its difficulties might be 
ameliorated by a humane and enlightened 
consideration of it, a study of its many as- 
pects, and an effort to formulate, if not a 
policy, at least a national attitude of mind 
calculated to bring about the most satisfac- 
tory possible adjustment of relations be- 
tween the races, and of each race to the 
national life. One proposal is the creation 
of a commission embracing representatives 
of both races, to study and report on the 
entire subject. The proposal has real merit. 
I am convinced that in mutual tolerance, 
understanding, charity, recognition of the 
interdependence of the races, and the main- 
tenance of the rights of citizenship, lies the 
road to righteous adjustment. 


This is the strongest pronouncement on 
the race problem ever made by a President 
in a message to Congress. It offers hope 





CRISIS 


that the eleven years of effort during which 
the N. A. A. C. P. has been stinging the con- 
science of America by bringing to light the 
conditions affecting the Negro, are about to 
bear fruit. It also offers hope that during 
this Administration we will not need to 
spend all of our efforts in protest and oppo- 
sition, but that we shall be able to put 
through some constructive work and meas- 
ures at the National Capital. 


PEONAGE 

HE present nation-wide feeling against 

peonage and the action of the federal and 
state authorities is to a large extent the 
result of long effort by the N. A. A. C. P. 
The facts in connection with the system 
of peonage have been gathered covering a 
period of years, and the interest of the 
country has been gained by constantly call- 
ing attention to the evil. 

Upon publication in the press of the coun- 
try of the facts connected with the Wil- 
liams’ murder farm, the National Office 
was anxious to take advantage of the in- 
dignation and secure an investigation of 
peonage for our records proved that this 
system of debt slavery exists in every south- 
ern state. The work which was done at 
this time was another powerful argument 
for proving the value of organization. The 
National Office communicated with 30 large 
northern branches requesting them to or- 
ganize at once monster meetings of protest. 
At these meetings the branches were urged 
to pass strong resolutions calling upon the 
Department of Justice to investigate peon- 
age in all southern states and bring to jus- 
tice the perpetrators of the system. Each 
member of each audience was urged to send 
£ personal telegram to the same effect. 

We requested 13 colored members of 
seven state legislatures to introduce reso- 
lutions calling upon the Department of Jus- 
tice to institute such an investigation. In 
each case we received an eager acquiescence. 


As a result of these efforts, great pres- 
sure was brought to bear on the Department 
of Justice to take the action desired. In 
all fairness it must be stated that the De- 
partment showed a commendable activity 
both before and after this pressure had 
been brought into play. On April 9, the 


National Office received official notification 
that peonage was being investigated in all 
parts of the United States. 

















NEGROES IN THE KENTUCKY MOUNTAINS 





GA Shi 





wes only way to make a nigger be- 
have is to treat him like a dog.” 
So a young Tennessean, from Chattanooga, 
asserted with much vehemence in my hear- 
ing last summer. I might have been more 
impressed if I had not so recently come 
from a section of the South where the Negro 
is not treated like a dog, yet where he be- 
haves in the most exemplary manner. This 
section is the southeastern corner of Ken- 
tucky, in the heart of the Cumberlands. 

“What, Negroes in the Southern moun- 
tains!” I hear some of my readers exclaim. 
For it has been asserted over and over 
again by responsible writers, till it has 
come to be universally believed, that there 
are not, and never were, any representatives 
of the black race in that region. It is true 
that there are not many, and that their area 
of distribution is not large, being confined 
almost entirely to a small group of moun- 
tain counties in Kentucky, where the insti- 
tution of slavery flourished to a certain ex- 
tent, just as it did in the blue-grass; but 
there are considerable settlements here and 
there, either in the towns or on the creeks, 
and these settlements of Negroes who are 
just as much of the mountains as their 
white neighbors—who are, indeed, to all in- 
tents and purposes, black mountaineers— 
constitute, to my mind, one of the most 
interesting and significant social phenomena 
in the entire country. They are a standing 
challenge to the statement that whites and 
blacks cannot live together on terms of mu- 
tual respect and absolute amity. 

It may be admitted that conditions in the 
mountains are peculiar and that the dis- 
parity in point of numbers between the black 
and the white population may have some- 
thing to do with the situation that presents 
itself there; but such considerations by no 
means account for everything, and the advo- 
cate of racial intimidation as the only means 
of establishng a modus vivendi in the South 
will have to offer some more satisfactory 
explanation of the apparent anomaly, be- 
fore his arguments become wholly convinc- 
ing. 

There was a time when it might have been 
possible to blame this toleration of the 


By W. K. BRADLEY 


69 


tA 


Negro as a friend and neighbor upon the 
hybrid and degenerate character of the 
mountain white man himself; but now that 
the latter has at last come into his own 
and does not lack champions of his primitive 
virtues and native Americanism, it is no 
longer possible to adopt this line of argu- 
ment without, to say the least, a certain 
appearance of inconsistency. No, either the 
mountaineer is a thorough social and racial 
degenerate (in which case our espousal of 
his cause is indefensible as pure lying senti- 
mentalism), or else some of his virtue ex- 
tends to this attitude of toleration also, and 
represents a finer type of social sentiment 
than exists elsewhere in the South itself at 
the present day. 

Personally, I am inclined to think that it 
is just simple common sense and common 
human feeling, uncorrupted by political 
venom, that accounts for the attitude 
towards the Negro in the mountains. The 
mountaineer, who reads little but thinks 
much, and who likes to get to the bottom of 
every question with the aid of the only book 
commonly at his command, the Bible, has 
reflected upon this question of equality and 
inequality also, and finds nothing in it. 

“T’ve heerd folks say that a nigger hain’t 
got no soul,” an old woman once said to me. 
“Now, I hain’t never found nothing in the 
Bible like that. Besides, if niggers haven’t 
got souls, then how about them that’s half 
white and half black? I reckon a man can’t 
have half a soul, can he?” 

it is, indeed, in the religious life of the 
mountains that this tacit acceptance of 
equality among all men, as spiritual beings, 
finds its most striking and characteristic 
expression. Until quite recently whites and 
blacks worshipped together at the Old Carr 
Church, on Carr’s Fork, in Knott County; 
and although the Negroes have now built 
for themselves, with the assistance of their 
white neighbors, a church of their own, on 
Breeding’s Creek, a branch of Carr, where 
the majority of them live, the white settlers 
attend services there as regularly as at their 
own church, while the black preachers still 
come to the Old Carr meetings to preach and 
to take part in the foot-washings. Only 





70 


THE 


last summer I saw the venerable pastor of 
this church, the most famous old Regular 
Baptist in the mountains, kneel down and 
wash the feet of one of the two black preach- 
ers who were in attendance, and who took 
their turn in the exhortation with some half 
dozen of their white brothers. At least two 
thousand men and women attended this 
great meeting—it was the annual sacra- 
ment meeting of the church—and in all this 
concourse, which represented fully one-fifth 
of the entire population of the county— 
though the attendance was by no means lim- 
ited to the citizens of this county alone— 
there was not one who seemed to think that 
there was anything remarkable in this pro- 
ceeding, or who sought to apologize for it to 
me, a stranger. 

This settlement of Negroes on the waters 
of Carr’s Fork is, perhaps, the largest, with 
the exception of that in Clay County, in and 
around Manchester, the county seat. Like 
the latter, they are all descendants of slaves 
held in that region, one of the best corn 
belts in the mountains. There were three 
slave-holding families on Carr, and the black 
citizens bear their names to this day, so 
that, in order to avoid confusion, it is often 
necessary to prefix the Christian name of 
the Negro with the word “black.” In a 
country, however, where every man enjoys 
some such characteristic designation, this 
carries with it not the slightest touch of 
opprobrium or condescension—is merely a 
convenient descriptive epithet. Indeed the 
white citizens have the highest regard for 
their black neighbors, and I was told more 
than once that they were the best in the 
county—were almost never represented in 
the county jail. More than once, when rid- 
ing with a white man, we have stopped to 
talk with a Negro on horseback; and, stay- 
ing at a house in the country, I have seen 
a colored preacher, starting out on a long 
journey, stop for breakfast and afterwards 
sit on the porch talking with our host. I 
have more than once, myself, been invited 
by a Negro to come and have a meal at his 
house, and no one who heard the invitation, 
evidently, regarded it as anything unusual. 

The Negroes are seldom seen at Hindman, 
almost their only appearance being when 
court is in session, and they have some legal 
business to transact there. They form no 
part of the idle throng that drifts into town 
on such occasions, hanging about and swap- 
ping horses. I have heard it said that no 





CRISIS 


Negro would be allowed to settle at Hind- 
man, but I doubt very much if any steps 
would be taken to prevent him if he actu- 
ally tried to do so. Not only at Manchester, 
but at Hazard, there have always been 
Negroes living at the county seat. When I 
visited the latter place four years ago, the 
best doctor there was a Negro, and one 
night, when a deputy town marshal was 
shot and killed, he and a white doctor 
worked together over the dying man with- 
out the slightest trace of anything like racial 
prejudice or animosity. 

Today Hazard is full of Negroes, but they 
are no longer of the native race. The newly 
opened coal mines, which have transformed 
this region since the railroad entered it 
several years ago, have brought in great 
quantities of outside labor, including many 
Southern blacks. Brought up in sections 
where “niggers” are treated like dogs to 
make them “behave,” these are by no means 
as desirable citizens, in all instances, as their 
mountain brothers; but the chief blame for 
the conditions prevailing in certain of the 
new towns and transformed county seats is 
to be placed upon the managers of these 
new industrial enterprises, who make little 
or no effort to care for their employees, or 
to preserve law and order. As one manager 
frankly said, the coal companies have no in- 
terest in the region. All they want is to 
take the coal and timber, and then get out 
again as fast as they can. If a murder is 
committed and the victim is not a man of 
importance, little attempt is made to dis- 
cover or punish the criminal. 

So far as I know no attempt has been 
made to disfranchise the Negro in the moun- 
tains, even in a Democratic county, like 
Knott. At the polling-place on Irishman, 
at the mouth of Flaxpatch, where they cast 
their votes, they make a striking note in a 
very picturesque gathering. The entire 
population, male and female, gathers at the 
polling-place, which is situated in a bit of 
flat bottom-land, beside the creek. Two 
long benches are arranged alongside the 
booth for the old women, with their gay ker- 
chiefs, who come with their baskets of ap- 
ples and gingerbread and sacks of nuts— 
white women on one bench, black on the 
other. Gingerbread, made with honey and 
sorghum molasses, is a traditional accom- 
paniment of mountain elections. I was told 


that the only man in Knott County, in the 
old days, who sold his vote, gave it in ex- 











change for a brown slab and a drink of 
cider. 

Though there is separation among the 
blacks and whites in the mountains to a 
certain extent, there is nothing like real seg- 
regation; yet very little miscegenation re- 
sults from the ordinary promiscuity of race 
relations. Certain mountain families are 
reputed to have a trace of Negro blood, but 
while I have heard of an occasional case of 
illicit intercourse between blacks and whites, 
such seems to be exceedingly rare today. 

I have spoken of the Negroes in the 
mountains as being, to all intents and pur- 
poses, black mountaineers. In all their 
ways of living, dressing and conducting 
themselves, they are indistinguishable from 
their white neighbors and friends. Their 
speech is the mountain speech, also, rather 
than the Negro dialect familiar in other 
parts of the South. Above all, their bearing 
is equally free from obsequious servility or 
effrontery. I never saw a pleasanter spec- 
tacle than the dancing at the mouth of 
Horse Creek, near Manchester, on the 
Fourth of July. A platform had been erect- 
ed there, and all day “sets” were run, first 
white, then black, while a mixed crowd 
of whites and Negroes stood around and 
watched and drank lemonade supplied by a 
colored family. I talked with many of the 
Negroes, just as I did with the white people, 
and it was difficult to realize that they were 
of a race generally regarded as “inferior.” 
That they were such had never seemed to 
occur to them. At the same time, there 
was none of that self-conscious effort to 
establish recognition of their equality one 


THE NEGRO SPEAKS 





71 


sometimes notices in Negroes. No, these 
mountain Negroes were just “people,” like 
any others, calling for no especial comment 
except on the score of their color. 

Of course some change is to be noted in 
the attitude of the white population to the 
Negroes today. The mountains themselves 
are changing, and this aspect of primitive 
life much pass away in the course of time, 
with all the rest. The mountaineers are be- 
ginning to learn, from the outside world, 
which is coming so much closer, that it is 
not “good form” to associate with Negroes 
on terms of such neighborliness and even 
intimacy. Already the Baptist Church is 
being criticised locally for its laxness in 
this respect, and doubtless certain reforms 
will take place in the near future. Some 
day perhaps it will be impossible to spend 
the night at a farm house on Carr’s Fork 
and see a small black boy, working on the 
farm, roll into bed with the white boys of 
the family. Berea College was forced, by 
legislative enactment, sustained by a de- 
cision of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, to terminate its experiment of racial 
coeducation, and this was the entering 
wedge to bring Kentucky, as a whole, back 
into the “solid South” on the Negro ques- 
tion. There are those who will feel that 
the state lost a great and singular oppor- 
tunity to become the centre for the spread- 
ing of a more enlightened sentiment and 
policy through the country at large, and 
who will regret the passing, in the moun- 
tains themselves, of an attitude almost 
idyllic in its naturalness and simplicity. 


Gi on A 
THE NEGRO SPEAKS OF RIVERS 


UE iw 


’VE known rivers: 
I’ve known rivers ancient as the world 
and older than the flow of human blood 
in human veins. 


My soul has grown deep like the rivers. 
I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were 
young. 


I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled 
me to sleep. 


LANGSTON HUGHES 





OF oF 





I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyra- 

mids above it. 

I heard the singing of the Mississippi when 
Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans, 
and I’ve seen its muddy bosom turn all 
golden in the sunset. 


I’ve known rivers; 
Ancient, dusky rivers. 


My soul has grown deep like the rivers. 


Men of the Month. 


AAD ZAGHLUL PASHA has just had 

triumphant entry into Egypt. He is the 
head of the delegation which is asking inde- 
pendence for Egypt. When he tried to go 
tu the Peace Conference he was interned by 
the British Government but finally released. 
Work ng with the Milner Committee he 
afterward helped draft a new basis of un- 
derstanding between England and Egypt 
which involved the acknowledgment of 
Egyptian independence. This treaty Eng- 
land has not yet accepted. Meantime 
Zaghlul has returned to Egypt and been 
received by the natives with unprecedentea 
enthusiasm. He is a fellah, educated in the 
great university of El Azhar, and embodies 
the new spirit of Egyptian nationalism. 


HE new principal of the Myrtilla Mine» 

School, of Washington, is Eugene A. 
Clark. Mr. Clark was born in Washington, 
in July, 1883. He was graduated from the 
M Street High School, Phillips Exeter Acad- 
emy and Williams College. Afterwards he 
took a course at the Miner Normal School 
and became in 1909 teacher in the public 
scl ools in Washington. In 1914 he became 
a teacher in the Miner Normal School and 
this year was appointed its principal to suc- 
ceed the widely known Miss Lucy Moton, 
who resigned after many years service. The 
fellow teachers who petitioned for his ap- 
rointment said that the “crowning factor” 
in Mr. Clark’s fitness was his “strong char- 
acter which has won the admiration, the re- 
spect and co-operation of both the faculty 
and student body”. 


HEN Walthall M. Moore was elected 

to the House of Representatives of 
the State of Missouri a number of Missou- 
tians were threatened with apoplexy. Many 
sought technical grounds for excluding him 
but he took his seat quietly amid unusual 
congratulations and floral tributes, and im- 
mediately went to work. One of the first 
laws for which he is responsible is that ap- 
propriating $500,000 to make the colored 
Lincoln Institute a state university. Besides 
this $339,000 was given for running ex- 
penses and $35,000 for a farm experiment 
station, making a total of $850,000, all for 


72 


the higher education of the Negroes. The 
new Lincoln University will be ruled by a 
board consisting of four Negroes and four 
white men over whom the Superintendent of 
Education will preside. In addition to this an 
inspector of Negro schools is provided for, 
and county schools for Negroes and whites 
will receive the same appropriations. Mr. 
Moore’s election and success is due largely to 
the preliminary work of the Citizens Liberty 
League organized in December, 1919. 


Miss KATHLEEN P. HOWARD was 

born in 1899 in Birmingham, Alabama, 
and educated in the Episcopal Academy. She 
afterwards studied music at Fisk University 
and recently was appointed Supervisor of 
Music in the Birmingham colored schools. 
She has already accomplished much in the 
way of codperation between the schools and 
the community. 


a are two ways of serving the col- 
ored people in the United States. One 


is direct work among them as teacher, social 


worker, or professional man. The other is 
to serve the general community in such a 
way as to prove that the accident of blood 
or descent has nothing to do with one’s 
value as a citizen and a man. Of the two 
the latter role is the more difficult to play be- 
cause race prejudice hinders recognition and 
because there is always the more or less 
veiled feeling on the part of colored folk 
that this gifted son is trying to “get away 
from the Race.” Dr. Charles Edward Bent- 
ley, of Chicago, has succeeded not only in 
making himself one of the foremost profes- 
sional men in America regardless of color, 
but also in accomplishing the just as difficult 
task of making his colored fellow citizens 
recognize that what he has done has served 
them even more than it has served the 
world. Dr. Bentley is one of the leading 
dentists in Chicago and one of the best 
known throughout the United States. He 
has long had among his patrons some of 
the most distinguished, and discriminating 
citizens of Chicago. He has been a leader 
in organizing the profession and in pioneer 
work in its newer fields. He has made num- 
(Concluded on page 87) 





Bl 





Ly 
Bt 
4 
® 
FY 
ef 


EUGENE A. CLARK 


DR. CHARLES E, BENTLEY 
KATHLEEN P. HOWARD 
SAAD ZAGHLUL PASHA 


HON. WALTHALL M. MOORE 
73 





Zhe Looking Glass 


LITERATURE 
I SAW some maidens coming from the 
Southland, 

Whose water-jars were filled with pain of 
lovers. 

They came unto the lake and poured the 
pain out; 

Then came to me the Troubler, came and 
trembled. 


O Troubler, drive me northward, to the up- 
per country, 

To SS maid of single heart and faith- 

ul— 

For the heart of these is false and double! 
—Translation of Zulu verse recorded 
from the sayings of Madikane Cele. 

” * * 

Lillie Buffum Chace Wyman (Mrs. John 
Wyman) has issued a pamphlet entitled 
“Angelina W. Grimké’s Drama of Rachel 
and The Lynching Evil,” in which she says: 

Miss Grimké’s drama of Rachel is a beau- 
tiful and poetic creation. She has produced 
this effect by a literary instinct which is 
fine and mainly cultivated. Its native vigor 
carries the reader past an occasional crudity, 
which it would seem to be hypercritical to 
notice. The sweep of passion in the drama 
is elemental. She has connected the story 
of a girl with the most woeful of earthly 
tragedies, namely the crime of a great na- 
tion against one of its component parts. 

The feelings expressed in the drama, 
though elemental, are uttered in the terms 
of modernity. The structure of the drama 
is modern, and yet there is something in the 
figure and movement of Rachel herself which 
reminds the present writer of Antigone. 

* 


Helen E. Hagan, tells in the April Music 
and Poetry, of her personal contact with 
the great French composer Claude Debussy. 

= * = 

We have received Dr. George E. Haynes 
second valuable study on Negro labor, The 
Negro at Work During the World War and 
During Reconstruction; and J. R. Paul 
Brock’s Work of the Colored School. 


E. C. Williams, Librarian of Howard 
University writes us: 

We have just received the cumulative vol- 
ume of the Book Review Digest, published 
by the H. W. Wilson Company, and in leaf- 
ing it over I noted extracts from reviews 
of Darkwater in the following publications: 
Athenaeum (London), Booklist (A. L. A.); 
Bookman. Boston Transcript, Independent, 
Literary Digest, Nation, New Republic, New 


York Times, Outlook, Socialist Review, 
Spectator (London), Survey, London Times 
Literary Supplment, World Tomorrow. The 
Digest gives the book almost a full page 
(two columns), or as much as it gives to 
Wells’ Outline of History. A page is about 
the maximum allowed for one book, and 
aside from Mrs. Wharton’s latest, Wells’ 
book was the only other work I noted in my 
hasty examination which was allowed so 
much. 


COMMENTS ON THE COLOR LINE 


HERE is no color line in Rio Janeiro. 

Louis Seibold writes in the New Or- 
leans (La.) Times-Picayune of the good 
will existing there among the races. 


Through this narrow busy thoroughfare 
(the Rua Ouvfidor) where the women of 
Rio come to buy jewels, clothes, perfume and 
other features of their toilet, and where the 
men come to discuss the market conditions, 
buy lottery tickets, speculate in shipping. 
sugar, coffee, diamonds and other products 
of the country—as also to “look ’em over” 
(meaning the women), there is a constant 
stream of people such as you would not see 
anywhere else in the world. 

While few of them are wholly black or 
even dark of complexion, not many of them 
are actually of the Caucasion white type. 
The Rua Ouvgidor therefor provides the fas- 
cinating vantage point from which to study 
the results of the experiment which has been 
developing in Brazil for many years—that 
of blending the races. 


It is here in this famous old marketplace 
of Rio that one obtains in tabloid form a 
very fair view of the extent to which the 
fusing of races has been carried in the 
largest country as to territory in the West- 
ern Hemisphere. There is no color line, no 
manifestations of the prejudices in casua! 
intercourse that one finds in the North Amer- 
ican cities, particularly those south of the 
Potomac. The white, the mulatto, the quad- 
roon, the coffee-colored, the copper-hued all 
mingle on a fraternal basis and appear to 
be completely reconciled in any actual dif- 
ferences of a social character which may 
exist. 

They quarter. breakfast, dine and sup with 
each other just as if all were of the same 
color, and apvear to be surprised if a visitor 
sees anything unusual about it. The blacks. 
who appear to constitute about one-tenth of 
the population, mainly keen’ to themselves, 
yet some of the most successful business men 
and political leaders of Rio, as also repre- 
senatives of the various states in the gov- 
ernment service, are black or almost so. 


74 














There are no “jim-crow” seats in the 
movies which line the Avenida Rio Branco 
to mark any distinction in the races, nor are 
there any “jim-crow” sections in the tram 
cars operated by electricity and mule power. 
The all-white, the near-white and the near- 
dark eat in the same restaurants, partake 
of the same food and imbibe the same bev- 
erages. They do not know what prohibition 
is in Brazil. 

In the Avenue Rio Branco, which was 
made at a cost of $5,000,000 by razing two 
city blocks for a mile, the motor cars that 
dash by reflect as interesting a study in 
color as in character. Few of the occupants 
that either drive or are driven in them are 
wholly white. The avenue itself is bisected 
by a line of tropical trees, is paved with 
asphalt, and the sidewalks are of mosaic, in 
which the Portuguese fancy for ornament is 
carried out. 

* * + 


They manage these things better in Ja- 
maica, too, it appears. So notorious has the 
United States’ treatment of the Negro be- 
come, that Duncan C. Milner expresses his 
hope in the Chicago (Ill.) Post, that no new 
addition from the Islands will be made un- 
der existing circumstances to the black pos- 
sessions of this country. 


It is reported that the foreign of- 
fice of the British Empire has made 
the announcement that there is no 


prospect of canceling their debt to the United 
States by turning over their possessions in 
the West Indies. As a loyal American, and 
rejoicing in the prosperity and progress of 
my country, I cannot but hope that such an 
exchange will not take place until our gov- 
ernment can guarantee that the residents 
of these islands shall at least enjoy as many 
rights and privileges under the Stars and 
Stripes as they now enjoy under the Union 
Jack, 

In several of these islands Negroes form 
a large part of the population. They have 
been enjoying life, liberty and the pursuit of 
happiness on the same basis as their white 
fellow citizens. They have equal opportuni- 
ties as to education, suffrage and the hold- 
ing of office, and in the courts. They are 
not hampered as to business life. They are 
prominent in medicine and in law. 

A visitor in Jamaica asked a British of- 
ficial “how do you deal with Negroes who 
mistreat your white women?” The answer 
was, “we do not have any more trouble of 
that kind with the black than with the white 
races.” This official also said “as long as 
Americans treat the Negro like a beast, 
they may expect him to act like one.” Until 


our republic can stop the horrible lynchings 
and burnings, the injustice as to labor and 
wages, the giving of Negro children three 
months’ school in poor buildings with infer- 
ior teachers, and unequal opportunities in 
citizenship and in the courts it should not 
add to its colored population. 


THE LOOKING GLASS 


95 


THE BROWNIES’ BOOK 
TT magazine for colored children, The 
Brownies’ Book, published by W. E. B. 
Du Bois and A. G. Dill, fills a great need in 
Negro life. This is the opinion especially of 
the New York Survey which says: 


With every doll a specimen of the Nordic 
type, every picture book and magazine il- 
lustration of child life representative of the 
white race, it is difficult for colored children 
to grow up by way of that imaginative 
worid wh.ch Andersen and Stevenson and 
Maeterlinck and all the story tellers and 
artists since the days of Gutenberg have 
made the common country of childhood. 

Not only this, but with a literature to 
which Negroes at best are amusing picka- 
ninnies or faithful servitors, it is difficult 
for the colored child to gain the sense of 
human dignity without which the efforts 
made in recent years to increase and im- 
prove his educational opportunities must be 
largely wasted. 

For adult Negroes there are excellent 
newspapers and periodicals, but, so far, very 
little fiction and imaginative literature has 
been written from a Negro standpoint. The 
Brownies’ Book is intended to help foster a 
proper racial self-respect. 

* 


Mary Lee adds in the New York Evening 
Post: 


The Brownies’ Book is a book of Negro 
fairies and kings and queens and children. 
They are not the ridiculous “pickaninny” 
types which have become a joke in litera- 
ture. They are as pretty and as real as 
real fairies and real children should be, yet 
they are dark because they are made by 
dark people, and for dark children and 
grown-ups. The Brownies’ Book comes 
every month to thousands of dark children, 
bringing them pleasure, poetry, facts, food 
for thought, ali without any of the things 
that are hard to bear for colored children 
living among a race of neighbors who are 
white. 

When one reads the bound volume of last 
year’s editions of The Brownies’ Book, one 
marvels at this ability of the young Negro. 
There seems to be a peculiar genius among 
the race to write and to draw pictures for 
children.. There is in this magazine some- 
thing of the pleasant spirit of the South, 
with its warm skies and its leisure to tell a 
tale, and one feels, as one reads it, that 
Uncle Remus had a hand in the editing. 

The old friends are there, Br’er Rabbit 
and Br’er Possum and Br’er Fox. But this 
time they are lit, not only with the enthu- 
siasm of Uncle Remus’s personality, his 
kindred spirit for animals, but they are 
drawn in pictures for the children animated 
by that same spirit. There are lightness 
and imaginative quality about the illustra- 
tions of Frances Grant, Hilda R. Wilkinson, 
and Marcellus Hawkins. Br’er Rabbit has 
limitless energy about his long hind legs, a 
contagious twinkle about his eye, a jaunty 











76 THE 


nonchalance about his floppy ears. Br’er 
Possum has a surprising, fluffy blackness 
that adds immeasurably to the individuality 
of his character. There are action, belief, 
excitement about these pictures—a sort of a 
pagan joyousness and freshness that talk to 
the hearts of children. 
~ a 2 


The Br’er Rabbit and Br’er Possum 
sketches are the really inspired work of 
Laura Wheeler. Miss Lee continues: 

There are older stories, too, folk tales 
that come from San Domingo, Africa, the 
West Indies, imaginary characters that ex- 
ist in nearly the same form wherever Ne- 
groes are, which are told over again for 
the children of the race. 

And there are poems by James Weldon 
Johnson, Miss Jessie Redmon Fauset, who 
is the literary editor, and Miss Mary Effie 
Lee. Here, too, there is something about 
the character of the race which gives the 
elders a special aptitude in their writing for 
children. Perhaps there are more of them 
than there are of white people who under- 
stand. Here is one, for instance, entitled 
“My Clothes”: 

Oh, yes, I watch nurse lay them there, 

My cap and apron, on the chair, 

But when she goes and takes the light 

My clothes turn witches in the night. 

Then there are deeper matters, too. 
There are biographies of Negroes who have 
done great things and become famous, such 
as Toussaint L’Ouverture and Alexandre 
Dumas, and of Negroes who have done great 
things and not become famous, such as 
Harriet Tubman and Crispus Attucks. 
There are articles about Hampton, Tuske- 
gee, and other activities of present day col- 
ored people. There are pictures of children 
who have accomplished things, and there 
are drawings and poems by child contribu- 
tors—drawings aa poems full of imagina- 
tion and of promise. 

Perhaps the most enlightening depart- 
ment is a double page called “As the Crow 
Flies,” in which current events of the past 
month are summarized in simple, clear lan- 
guage so that children can understand them. 
This column by itself would justify Mr. 
Dill’s characterization of it, that “it is a 
book for children and grown-ups too.” 

Yet withal, the spirit of the thing is true 
to its dedication, written by Miss Fauset: 

To children, who with eager look 

Scanned vainly library shelf and nook, 

For History or Song or Story 

That told of colored people’s glory — 

We dedicate The Brownies’ Book. 


THE MISSING HEADLINE 

F a man commits a crime in America and 
happens also to be a Negro, the newspa- 
pers are black with headlines emphasizing 
that fact. But let him do a deed of kindness, 
cf heroism, nothing can exceed the meagre- 


CRISIS 





ness of the attention given to his color. The 
Drifter speaks of this in the Nation: 

When Jim Cross flung open the door of 
the store room in search of the missing 
drug clerk he found him with clothes afire 
writhing in agony on the floor of the burn- 
ing room, In another moment the clerk 
jumped head foremost through the closed 
window five floors above the street. Jim 
caught him as he hung for a moment by his 
feet and held him by one of them. Then, 
when he had with his cap beaten down the 
flames in the clerk’s clothes—his own clothes 
were beginning to burn by this time—Jim 
pulled the half-crazed man back and, then, 
getting out on a narrow ledge, pulled and 
dragged him along this slight pathway to 
another window, into which in the sight of 
hundreds he thrust the half-conscious man 
before he began to put out the fire in his 
own clothes. Several minutes later Jim 
emerged from the building bearing the clerk 
on his shoulder—only to collapse and fall as 
he came out on the sidewalk—amid the 
cheers of the crowd. All of this happened 
in New York the other week in the Winter 
Garden Theater building; the hero was a 
Negro porter; the clerk, who has since died 
from his burns, a white man the Negro 
hardly knew. Did the newspapers which 
printed the account make their headlines 
read: NEGRO HERO SAVES WHITE 
MAN? No, indeed, they were the same news- 
papers which love to feature a colored man’s 
crime like this: “Negro Brute Assails 
Woman.” In this case they modestly re- 
ferred to him as a “colored porter’; one 
editorial, speculating on the motives that led 
Jim to risk his life for a comparative 
stranger, obscurely referred to him as one 
whose ancestors “came from the Congo.” 
His last name was not printed. Thus, the 
Drifter finds it always goes with the Negro. 
His good deeds are, if not interred with his 
bones, usually carefully overlooked or mini- 
mized. Yet there are many Negro Jims, as 
the records of the Carnegie Hero Fund am- 
ply testify. 


G. B.S. 


HE N. A. A. C. P. sent George Bernard 

Shaw facsimiles of accounts from 
American newspapers telling of the burning 
at the stake of Henry Lowry, at Nodena, 
Arkansas, January 26, 1921. On March 16, 
the N. A. A. C. P. received from Mr. Shaw 
a letter in which after speaking of lynching 
as “one of the organized pleasures of Amer- 
ica,” he said: 

“Hardly any American seems to under- 
stand that in a civilized country it is murder 
to kill any person except by process of law. 
It seems to be assumed that whoever dis- 
approves of the conduct of a Negro is en- 
titled to constitute himself judge, jury, and 
executioner, and burn the Negro after in. 
viting the countryside to come to the burn- 














ing as if it were a hunting meet. As the 
countryside appears to come, and to enjoy 
itself, Europe concludes that the Apache is 
produced by climate, not by race”. 


GEORGIA SAYS “LET THERE BE 
LIGHT!” 


HE Georgia press has not attempted to 

condone the offense of the murderer 
Williams whose crimes against his helpless 
peons have recently been discovered. The 
Atlanta Journal says: 


Eleven men were foully and cruelly mur- 
dered as the climax to peonage practices al- 
most incredible in this age and land. The 
fact that they were helpless Negro laborers 





THE LOOKING GLASS 





17 


if their Commonwealth is to go forward in 
prosperity and honor. That individual or 
group that is against law and order and 
justice is an enemy to the State, an enemy 
to the people, and should be so dealt with. 


The Atlanta Constitution takes an even 
more severe tone with regard to a recent 
lynching in a Georgia county. M. Ashby 
Jones writes: 


Three thousand human beings stood 
around and watched one human being slowly 
burned to ashes, and not one effort was made 
to save him. No! not even one protest was 
uttered. But ere the glowing embers had 
faded into blackness, there was a ghoulish 


ata Patel hans) Enchaines 
SSEE 
bab 


THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE, HAITI 
Closed and Chain.d by American Marines. 


does not in any wise alter the case, save to 
deepen the pity of it and make darker the 
guilt of whosoever conceived and planned 
the cowardly slaughter. Let us say to the 
world. not in words only but in deeds of un- 
swerving justice that this sort of thing is 
abhorrent to Georgia, that no form and no 
degree of peonage shall be tolerated, and 
that no man, woman or child, however low- 
ly in origin or station, shall be denied a 
square deal. 

This is what true Georgians. like true 
Americans, believe in, and it is what they 
must stand for at all times and in all places 


scramble for the unburnt pieces of the body. 
Souvenirs! As if mortal memory could ever 
efface that picture. 

This expression of human nature flaunt- 
ing itself in the very shadow of the oldest 
state university in America, is so supremely 
abnormal in its revolting details as to raise 
the question whether there is not some dead- 
ly disease eating at the heart of our civil- 
ization to produce such a symptom. True 
the newspapers bring us too often the stories 
of inhuman crimes, but we comfort ourselves 
with the fact that they are the freakish acts 
of individual degenerates. But here in one 











78 THE CRISIS 


little corner of our state, not densely popu- 
lated, three thousand people participated in 
a crime which for callous cruelty can only 
be matched by the stories of Indian mas- 
sacres. 

But this is not all the story. Before the 
crowd could burn this man they had to 
make war on their own government. The 
accused was in the sacred custody of the 
state of Georgia, and in order to take him 
these men had to destroy for the time being 
the only power which protects the person, 
property and rights of the citizens of this 
commonwealth. When we remember that 
in a democracy like our the state has only 
the power given to it by the consent of the 
governed, every citizen who refuses his con- 
sent to be thus gov- 
erned strikes a dead- 
ly blow at our de- 
mocracy. 

Fellow citizens, 
freedom and anar- 
chy cannot dwell to- 
gether. Prosperity 
and happiness can- 
not abide where the 
humblest man can- 
not confidently ap- 
peal to the courts 
for protection. Civil- 
ization cannot live 
under lynch law. 


THE DELUGE 

THREATENS 

R. GEORGE L. 
CADY, secre- 
tary of the Ameri- 
can’ Missionary As- 
sociation, points out 
to America what she 
may expect at the 
hands of the people 
whom she so persist- 
ently mistreats. The 
experiences of Dr. 
Cady would certainly 
lead the thinking in- 
dividual to believe that he must know where- 
of he speaks. Part of his speech follows 
from the Boston Transcript: 

Take the case of the black man. After 
fifty years of education there is being pro- 
duced today in the South a respectable per- 
centage of black men and women who are 
thinking for themselves, who have become 
intensely conscious of their wrongs, and are 
demanding their rights. The feeling of dis- 
content and revolt among them is such as 
you and I in the name of democracy must 
respect. 

How long do you think that class of peo- 
ple, 10,000,000 or 12,000,000 of them, run- 
ning newspapers, operating banks and own- 
ing property, are going to take the insults 





“SOUTHERN SYNCOPATION”’ 


that are heaped upon them? We are facing 
a revolt of these people and of a race handi- 
capped as no other race has ever been. You 
know how they are handicapped in industry, 
discriminated against by the labor unions 
and paid an unfair wage for a fair day’s 
labor. 

In the case of a “nigger” the rule is fol- 
lowed that a man is guilty until he is proved 
to be innocent, and we are yet waiting to 
see that a white man may be convicted on 
the testimony of a Negro. The jim crow 
car may be irritating, but a jim crow de- 
mocracy is a lie. About 300,000 of these 
men went to Europe as soldiers, yet the col- 
ored race owes less to the American flag 
than any other race, and they have never 
betrayed it. 

They are already 
in revolt against the 
conception that edu- 
cation for the Negro 
is that which pre- 
pares them to be 
hewers of wood and 
drawers of water for 
the superior race+ 
the conception of 
the Negro’s desti- 
ny which insists 
that he is to be a 
servant wearing a 
white coat and must 
forever be listening 
to the call of the 


white man, “Here, 
boy,” and “Here, 
George.” 

” * « 


The present atti- 
tude of the white 
world toward the 
yellow also consti- 
tutes a menace: 

How long do you 
believe those 500,- 
000,000 yellow peo- 
ple in the East are 
going to stand, hat 
in hand bowing and 
scraping before the 
Anglo-Saxon as he heaps upon them his vi- 
tuperations, his discriminations and his in- 
sults? China is bound some day to awaken, 
and when she does she will shake the world. 
The Japanese are practically the equals of 
any other class of men with whom they come 
into contact, yet because they save and 
work, want to get on, build their homes and 
have their families, they are called a menace 
to Anglo-Saxon superiority. 


IN LONDON 
—The Bystander. 


o ~ 

The time is past when you can maintain 
the world’s peace by insulting discrimina- 
tions against the yellow men of Asia. 
Henceforth it is to be brotherhood or war, 
and when that war comes there will be dead 
whites as well as dead yellow men on the 
field of battle. 








COMPILED 





MUSIC AND ART 

ILL MARION COOK, the composer, 

has returned from abroad and is or- 
ganizing a new company to play in England. 
@ At the Town Hall, New York City, a 
concert has been given for the Washington 
Conservatory of Music. Kamba Simango, 
of Portuguese Africa; Miss Kathleen Eas- 
mon, of Sierra Leone, and the Hampton 
Quartette were among those who took part. 
@ The sculptor, George J. Barnard, whose 
statue of Lincoln caused so much discussion, 
is to put Charles S. Gilpin, the actor, in a 
group which he is planning. 
@ The Mu-So-Lit Club of Washington with 
200 members has just moved into a new 
$25,000 home on R Street. 
( Noble Johnson, the colored screen actor, 
appears as Conquest in “The Four Horse- 
men of the Apocolypse”, the picturization 
of the well known novel. 
@ The Clef Club of New York City has 
purchased two houses in West 53d Street 
as a home. The body is 11 years old and 
has 280 musicians and entertainers. It 
was founded by the late James Europe. 
(A sextette of six voices from three col- 
ored protestant churches of French Lick 
and West Baden, Indiana, sang in the white 
Catholic Church of West Baden on Good 
Friday. 
@ Mrs. E. A. Hackley, with a community 
chorus of 60 has given a folk song festival 
at Monrovia, California. The singing was 
pronounced “one of the finest things ever 
heard.” 
@ Miss Marion Anderson has appeared at 
Carnegie Music Hall, Duquesne, Pa., and 
in the Chamber of Commerce, Columbus, 
Ohio. 
@ Negro music has been played in concerts 
at Cooper Union, The Town Hall and Aeo- 
lian Hall, New York City. Richard Hale 
sang a group of Negro spirituals, and Bur- 
leigh songs were sung by the Schumann 
Club. 





BY MADELINE 





G. ALLISON . 


@ John Powell had seven recalls at a con 
cert by the New York Symphony Orches- 
tra when he played his “Negro Rhapsody.” 
@ Roland W. Hayes, now in London, sang 
before the King and Queen of England at 
Buckingham Palace, April 23. 

@ The G Clef Club has been organized in 
Dallas, Texas, by Lincolnia Haynes Mor- 
gan, Supervisor of Music in the public 
schools. The objects of the club are to as- 
sist worthy music students and to raise 
the music standard of the community. 

@ James Allen Mundy has established an 
opera school in Chicago. “Martha” will be 
presented in May. Mary E. Jones and Lil- 
lian Hawkins Jones will be the soprano and 
contralto soloists. 


SOCIAL PROGRESS 


FY apirsr an investigation of alleged dis- 
crimination against colored people in 
the Harlem Hospital, New York City, David 
Hirshfield announced that as Negroes 
formed 46 per cent of the patients they 
should have representation on the board of 
management. 

CA colored social organization of Spring- 
field, Mass., has installed a soda fountain 
beginning with a capital of $500. J. J. Car- 
ter is president. 

@ Richard Anderson, who, for 45 years has 
been in the employ of the District of Co- 
lumbia Government, has been honorably dis- 
charged and placed on the retired list. For 
nearly 50 years Anderson has driven the Po- 
lice Court van. 

@ Mrs. Elizabeth Milbank Anderson, who 
recently died in Greenwich, Conn., has left 
a foundation with $10,000,000, called the 
Milbank Memorial Fund. Mrs. Anderson 
has been interested in the affairs of China 
and of Belgium and in Negro schools in the 
United States. 

@ National Necro Health Week, beginning 
April 8, was widely observed throughout 
the United States. 


79 





80 THE CRISIS 


( James Cross, Negro porter of the Winter 
Garden Drug Store, New York City, at the 
risk of his own life, tried to save William 
Matthews, a white clerk, from burning. He 
carried him along the ledge of the building 
to an adjoining window. Matthews finally 
died of his wounds in the City Hospital. 
( For the first time in history a colored 
man, in the person of Dr. W. G. Alexander, 
occupied the chair of the Speaker in the 
New Jersey House of Assembly. 

C A committee of the Board of Aldermen 
has recommended to the Army Board a new 
armory for the 15th Infantry of New York 
City, to be located on Seventh Avenue be- 
tween 147th and 148th Streets. It will be 
a two-story concrete building and may have 
public baths. 

@ New colored theatres are planned in 
Dayton, and Cincinnati, Ohio. 

( The Wabash Avenue Department, which is 
the colored Y. M. C. A. of Chicago, reported 
for 1920 a total attendance at the building 
of 123,269 persons; 78,450 restaurant 
meals were served; there was a total dormi- 
tory attendance of 54,017; 1,251 applica- 
tions for employment were received and 928 
positions filled. The total income of the 
Branch was $61,018, of which $7,662 came 
from membership fees; $30,307 from the 
restaurant, and $8,222 from subscriptions. 
The executive secretary is George R. Ar- 
thur. 

(In the Southeastern Intercollegiate Ath- 
letic Association the results have been as 
follows: Atlanta University has defeated 
Clark, Morehouse twice, Tuskegee and Knox- 


ville. Morehouse has defeated Clark and 
Knoxville. Morris Brown has defeatei At- 


lanta University and Tuskegee. 
has defeated Morris Brown. 

@ The endowment bureau of the G. U. O. 
of Odd Fellows of Louisiana collected $35,- 
599 for the three months ending January 
31, 1921. It paid out $19,725 in claims. It 
has a total balance on hand of $97,071. 

@ The Public Athletic League of Mary- 
land held its annual games for colored pub- 
lic school children. 4,000 pupils and 10,000 
spectators were present in the seven differ. 
ent county meetings. 

@ In the Gold Coast Council, native chiefs 
and leaders selected by the British have at- 
tacked the West African National Congress. 
As a result the colonial office has refused 
to consider the petition of the Congress on 


Tuskegee 


the ground that the Congress is not repre- 
sentative. 


C The National Race Congress held a re- 


construction session in Washington. This 
is its sixth annual meeting. 
POLITICS 

COMMITTEE on elections of the 


Massachusetts House of Representa- 
tives have refused to seat Matthew W. Bul- 
lock and Andrew J. Lattimore, the colored 
contestants for seats. 


@ The Asbury Equal Rights bill to prevent 
discrimination against Negroes in places of 
public accommodation passed the lower 
House of the Pennsylvania Legislature by 
a vote of 139 to 47. It was, however, de- 
feated in the Senate when a committee, by 
a large vote, refused to report it to the 
body, and the body refused to take it up 
against the committee’s recommendation. 

@ The State of North Carolina appropri- 
ated $400,000 for building Negro school- 
houses during the next two years, together 
with $105,000 for maintenance and $15,000 
for teacher training. 


@ The North Carolina General Assembly at 
its recent session provided for a Division 
of Negro Education with a director to give 
close supervision to the Negro schools of 
the state. 


C The Division of Negro Economics, United 
States Department of Labor, has been abol- 
ished. Phil H. Brown, a colored man of 
Kentucky, has been appointed Commission- 
er of Conciliation in the Department. 


CE. T. Nottage, a colored man, has been 
elected Alderman in the Sixth Ward of 
Palatka, Florida. This makes two colored 
men on the Board. 


C The State Constitutional Convention of 
Louisiana, 23 years ago, refused to hear any 
Negroes. The Constitutional Convention 
now in session at Baton Rouge have just 
received a Negro delegation with Bishop 
Robert E. Jones as chairman. They asked 
for a suffrage plank without discrimination 
against Negroes and protested against the 
present total disfranchisement of 700,000 
colored men. 


(@ The Legislature of Oklahoma has appro- 
priated $104,500 for Langston University; 
$59,337 for the Negro orphanage at Taft; 
$17,070 for the Negro Boy’s Training School 
at McAllister; $55,000 for the Negro Tu- 




















bercular Sanitarium at Boley; and $9,000 
for the Negro Girl’s School at Taft. The 
Legislature also amended the law so as to 
deal less unfairly with the separate schools 
and voted an emergency fund for the re- 
lief of those schools which were about to 
close. Unfortunately the fair election law 
failed in passage which leaves large num- 
bers of Negroes liable to disfranchisement 
by action of the administrative officers. 

¢ A jury of Negro women has tried a case 
in Indianapolis where a colored man was 
suing two white persons. A verdict was 
read in favor of the defendants in 12 min- 
utes. 

(@ The Legislature of Tennessee has appro- 
priated $50,000 for a home for delinquent 
Negro girls. 

@ William Monroe Trotter has addressed 
the Legislature of the State of Nebraska. 
C Sylvester Reed, a prominent Negro farm- 
er of Meridian, Oklahoma, on recount of the 
ballots, has been found to be elected County 
Commissioner of Logan County. The origi- 
nal returns gave the seat to a white Demo- 
crat by a majority of 2 votes. 

@ The President of Liberia has made a 
state visit upon President Harding at the 
White House, and President Harding has 
formally returned the call at the Liberian 
Legation, R Street, Washington. President 
Wilson did not call upon President King. 


THE GHETTO 
T the Imperial conference of the Brit- 
ish Empire the British West Indies 
will not be represented unless the dominions 
consent, which seems unlikely. 
@ Attempts are being made in the South 
to punish lynchers. 15 white men were in- 
dicted at Houston, Virginia; 9 at Camilla, 
Georgia, and 11 at Birmingham, Alabama. 
No convictions have been obtained yet. 
C Rev. F. N. Fitzpatrick was ordered out 
of the Carnegie Library of Oklahoma City, 
Oklahoma. He refused to leave and was es- 
corted out by 5 policemen. No charges were 
filed but he was threatened with arrest if 
he returned. He returned but was unmo- 
lested. 
@ Tony Williams, a colored man at Rodessa, 
Louisiana, held a mob at bay until he had 
used up his ammunition and then killed 
himself. His body was scarred from mis- 
treatment and his crime was trying to leave 
a farm while he was in debt. 
C It is reported from Lulu, Mississippi, that 


THE HORIZON 





81 


a colored teacher, Henry Holmes, has been 
driven away by the whites because he ex- 
pelled a 17 year old girl, Hattie Morris. 
The girl was the mistress of the son of a 
white planter. 
@ The Supreme Court of the District of 
Columbia has upheld the $500 damages each 
given to William Waller and Fred Brooks, 
colored men who were “Jim Crowed” on the 
electric railroad between Baltimore and 
Washington. 
@ Orval Craig, a colored man has been 
given a verdict of $1,000 and costs against 
Charles Fife, a white man, for alienation 
of his wife’s affections at Hutchinson, Kan- 
sas. 
@ When Percy Mangham, a colored man, 
was declared rot guilty of murder in the 
Superior Court of Savannah, Georgia, his 
colored friends were so astonished that they 
burst into cheers; the judge ordered over 
one hundred of them arrested for contempt. 
@ When a jury at Frederick, Md., acquitted 
Charles H. Dorsey, a colored man, of crimi- 
nal assault upon a white woman, members 
of her family attacked him in the court 
room. 
@ The World Tomorrow, a magazine edited 
by Norman Thomas, has been published at 
118 East 28th Street, New York. The 
owners of the building asked it to sign a 
lease which forbade the employment of any 
Negro in the building. The magazine, 
which employs a competent colored stenog- 
rapher, refused to sign such a lease and 
is moving to 108 Lexington Avenue. 
@ There have been the following lynchings 
since our lust record: 

Langford, Miss., April 4, Sandy Thomp- 
son; murder. 

Rankin County, Miss., April 9, Rachel 
Moore; mother-in-law of Sandy Thompson. 

Lauderdale, Miss., April 15, George Mar- 
shall; threatening white men. 

Pearl River County, Miss., April 25, un- 
known Negro; assaulting a woman. 

Picayune, Miss., April 26, unknown Ne- 
gro; assaulting a woman. 

Bowling Green, Mo., April 29, Roy Ham- 
monds; attempted assault on a white girl. 


EDUCATION 
A COLORED woman will probably be ap- 
pointed to the Wilmington, Delaware 
School Board which in the future will con- 
sist of seven members. Mrs. Dunbar-Nelson 
is mentioned for the place. 





82 THE CRISIS 


( During the week of May 9 to 15 the Alpha 
Phi Alpha Fraternity held a series of coun- 
try-wide meetings on “Go to High School; 
Go to College.” 

@ At the 64th meeting of the John F. Slater 
Fund in December, 1919, a total income dur- 
ing the preceding year of $98,742 was re- 
ported. At the April, 1920, meeting, ap- 
propriations were made as follows: $22,000 
to county training schools; $10,000 to 
Hampton and Tuskegee; $11,400 to private 
colored schools; $18,200 to colored colleges. 
( In the 107 county training schools helped 
by the Slater Fund there are 624 teachers 
and 29,275 pupils, of which 1,649 are in 
high school grades. These classes receive 
$390,223 from public tax funds, $53,394 from 
the Slater Fund and $36,014 from the Gen- 
eral Education Board. 

@ The State University of Florida has 
opened its correspondence courses to Ne- 
groes. 

@ In joint debates Atlanta University and 
Virginia Union University have beaten 
Howard while Howard has beaten Lincoln. 
qd Dr. E. B. Evans, the veterinarian of 
Prairie View State College, has been elected 
to the Phi Kappa Phi Fraternity, an honor- 
ary society of the State College of Iowa. He 
ranked second in his class, having an aver- 
age of 93.7 per cent during 4 years work. 

@ Movement for a new gymnasium 
Storer College, West Virginia, has 
started and $2,736 already subscribed. 


for 
been 


( The annual Founder’s Day exercises were 
held at Tuskegee in April. Dr. Ashby Jones, 
a white preacher of Atlanta, delivered the 
annual address. A new dormitory for girls 
and 5 new trades buildings were dedicated. 
( The A. M. A. League has been formed 
under Secretary H. H. Dunn to unite into one 
organization the graduates of all schools 
founded by the American Missionary Asso- 
ciation. 

( The 50th anniversary celebration of the 
Dunbar High School of Washington, D. C., 
formerly known as the M Street High 
School, has been held. The celebration cov- 
ered three days and among the speakers 
were Roscoe Conkling Bruce, Dr. Abrams 
Simons, Honorable S. D. Fess, Professor 
Kelly Miller, Dr. Frank W. Ballou and Mrs. 
Coralie Franklin Cook. Numbers of the 
graduates spoke, and an operetta and re- 
cital were given. There was an exhibition of 
painting and sculpture by colored art stu- 
dents during the celebration. 


@ We have received the following letters. 
We await a reply from Miss Des Mukes. 
19 Greenwich Park, Boston, Mass. 
April 2, 1921. 
Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, 
Editor of the CRISIs, 
New York, N. Y. 
Dear Sir: 

Will you kindly insert in your educational 
column‘an announcement of the fact that 
Miss Joberta Des Mukes, (Delta Sigma The- 
ta), a graduate of Howard University, 
class 1919, has been studying Literature in 
the Harvard Radcliffe Graduate School and 
kas been admitted to the Phi Beta Kappa 
Society—an honor seldom granted a colored 
student. 

I am a constant reader of The Crisis and 
while I have never sent records to your Edu- 
cational Column I think the above announce- 
ment of the recent honor bestowed upon 
me may serve as encouragement to the other 
thousands of colored college women the coun- 
try over. 

I am to receive my Master’s Degree in 
June and hope to dedicate myself to my race. 

Respectfully yours, 
Home Address JOBERTA DESMUKE 
507 Tea St., N. W., 
Washington, D. C. 
Radcliffe College 
Cambridge, Massachusetts 
May 11, 1921. 
The Editor of the CrRIsIs: 
Dear Sir:— 

I note in your May issue, on page 30, the 
statement that Miss Joberta DesMukes has 
been admitted to the Phi Beta Kappa So- 
ciety at the Harvard and Radcliffe gradu- 
ate school. Miss Des Mukes attended courses 
at Radcliffe College this year for only three 
months. She left us in January, without 
having taken any examinations to give her 
a record for work at Radcliffe. You will 
see by this statement that it is entirely im- 
possible that she should have been admitted 
to the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Will you 
please see that this mistake is rectified in 
your next issue? 

Sincerely yours, 
CHRISTINA H. BADER, 
Acting Dean. 


NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUE 

ILLIAM A. LEE, JR., Executive Sec- 

retary of the Urban League of Cam- 
bridge, has been made a member of the 
Cambridge Council of Boy Scouts and is 
thereby securing official recognition for the 
colored boys of Cambridge, Mass. 


@ At the request of the Missouri State 


Commissioner of Labor, George W. Bucker, 
Executive Secretary of the St. Louis Urban 
League, recently directed a preliminary em- 
ployment survey of the Si. Louis Industrial 
District; the State Department of Labor 
subsequently based its work with Negro 
labor on his report. 

















¥ 





THE HORIZON 


te 


Cw ra 


COLORED GIRLS IN A DOLL WIG FACTORY, BOSTON 


@ Miss Anna Holbrook, placed by the Urban 
League with the Children’s Aid Society at 
Buffalo, is developing the League’s program 
in connection with the activities of an inter- 
racial committee with which she is working. 
This committee has secured quarters for 
the Big Brother Association of unemployed 
men. The city appropriated $1,500 to re- 
lieve the immediate needs of unemployed 
colored persons. 

@ The School of Economics at Pittsburgh 
University has offered to remit tuition for 
two students selected by the League, pro- 
vided the League establishes at the School 
two social service fellowships of $500 each. 
The Pittsburgh Urban League will supply 
one of these and the National organization 
the other. This increases the Urban League 
fellowships available for 1921-1922 to seven. 
( At this writing the Chicago Urban League 
has secured $6,000 in its drive for $10,000 
from colored people, towards its 1921 budget 
of $30,000. 

(@ Despite the current industrial depression, 
A. L. Manly, of the Philadelphia Armstrong 


Association (affiliated with the League), 
during March, secured contracts aggregat- 


ing $20,000 for Negro contractors. 


INDUSTRY 


EGRO laborers in the freight station 
of the Atlantic Coastline Railway, 
Tampa, Fla., to the number of 60, have 
struck against a wage reduction of 22 per 
cent. They say that they cannot live and 
support families on $16.30 a week. 
@ The Modern Savings and Trust Company 
has been opened by colored men in Pitts- 
burgh with a capital of $125,000. J. L. 
Phillips is president. 
( Contracts are being made for the con- 
struction of a colored tuberculosis sanitar- 


ium in Carroll County, Maryland. The 
state has appropriated $160,000 for the 
work. 


( The Association of Trade and Commerce 
of New York City, organized by colored 
business men, has bought a home on Seventh 
Avenue. John E. Nail is president. 

(@ Much demonstration work is being done 
by the state of Alabama among Negroes. 
At Gallion, Alabama, 15 colored boys have 
bank accounts aggregating $648, and 22 
girls have accounts amounting to $363. 

@ The United States Department of Agri- 
culture has issued a moving picture in two 
reels under the title “Helping Negroes to 





84 THE CRISIS 


Become Better Farmers”. The leading char- 
acter is Rube Collins, a colored farmer. 

@ The Adelphi Building Loan and Savings 
Company has opened offices in Columbus, 
Ohio. 

@ The Young Men’s Progressive Association 
of Danville, Virginia, has opened a bakery, 
ice cream factory and confectionery store. 
@ The reports of the census of 1920 are 
gradually showing that the South has lost 
about 500,000 Negroes in the last 4 years. 
Alabama alone has lost about one-third of 
its working population. New York has 153,- 
088 Negroes, an increase of 66 9-10 percent 
during the decade, and is the largest col- 
ored city in the Western world. The only 
cities to compare with it are Cairo and 
Alexandria in Egypt, and Johannesburg in 
South Africa. Negroes in St. Louis increased 
58.3 percent; Cincinnati, 50.9 percent; Day- 
ton, 86.5 percent; Boston, 20.6 percent. 

C It is reported that Negro National Banks 
have received charters in Chicago and in 
the colored town of Boley, Oklahoma. 


THE CHURCH 


HE Board of Foreign Missions of the 

M. E. Church has bought 8,000 acres 
of farm land in Portuguese West Africa for 
a demonstration farm and trade school. This 
brings the total acreage owned by the Meth- 
odists in Africa, up to 25,000 acres at nine 
different points. 
@ St. Jude’s Episcopal Church, 19 West 99th 
Street, has been opened. It cost $150,000. 
The Rev. F. Howard is rector. The new 
building is granite, 5 stories high with a 
chapel, guild meeting rooms, kitchen and 
parlor. On the third floor will be a gymna- 
sium and baths. On the fourth floor there 
is a day nursery with outdoor balconies, 
and on the top floor, living rooms for the 
minister. The basement is to have a voca- 
tional training school. 
q At St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, New 
Haven, Conn., the Easter offering amounted 
to $2,400. 
@ The Fifth Ecumenical Conference will be 
held in London, September 6-16 and will 
consist of 550 Methodist delegates. The M. 
E. Church will have 160 delegates, the M. 
E. Church, South, 80; the A. M. E. Church, 
22; the A. M. E. Zion, 18, the C. M. E., 10. 
@ Rev. Charles A. Tindley, of the East Cal- 
vary M. E. Church, Philadelphia, has cele- 
brathed his 20th anniversary of his pastor- 


age. Eight hundred persons were present 
and gifts of nearly $600 were made. 

C Bishop J. H. Jones has published a report 
cf the rally for Wilberforce University 
which was held last year. The net receipts 
were $51,999. Pledges to the amount of 
$29,000 additional have not yet been col- 
lected From the money collected the debt 
of Wilberforce University amounting to 
$29,000 was paid and the debt of Payne 
Theological Seminary amounting to $3,000 
was paid. $14,000 was set aside for building 
funds. 

C The C. M. E. St. Paul Church of Chicago 
has in the last three years paid all but 
$1,000 of a debt of $27,500. 


PERSONAL 


RS. ELIZABETH CRAIG, a colored 

woman, ‘has bought two seven-story 
elevator apartment houses_on Fifth Ave- 
nue at 129th Street. The price is said to 
be $300,000. 
@ The Mayor of Philadelphia has appointed 
Dr. R. R. Wright as chief investigator in 
the new constructive Social Service Bureau. 
The salary is $1,400 a year. Dr. Wright 
will continue his work as editor of the Chris- 
tian Recorder. 
@ George Quinn, an 8-year-old white boy was 
drowned in North River, New York, after 
an unidentified Negro had jumped into the 
river and with desperate efforts brought 
the body to land. The child could not be re- 
vived. 
@ Mr. Byrd Prillerman, formerly president 
of Institute, West Virginia, is now super- 
intendent of the work among Negroes for 
the West Virginia Sunday School Associa- 
tion. 
@ King G. Ganaway, a Chicago butler, has 
won first prize over 900 competitors at 
the John Wanamaker Exhibition, Phila- 
delphia. His photograph was “The Spirit 
of Transportation.” Another picture of 
his received honorable mention. 
( Edward H. Wright, a colored lawyer em- 
ployed by the city of Chicago, received $30,- 
612 in fees for his work last year. 
C Dr. W. S. Grant, a colored man, has been 
made an interne at the county hospital of 
Chicago, the largest institution of its kind 
in America. He stood second among 200 
applicants. Dr. Grant is a graduate of Fisk 
and Northwestern. 


(Continued on page 87) 





THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 


NATIONAL CAPITAL CODE OF ETIQUETTE 


Combined with SHORT STORIES FOR COLORED PEOPLE 


ETIQUETTE 


PART 1 


A Book absolutely in a class by itself. Interesting, 
instructive, handsomely illustrated. Wonderful pic- 
tures of Washington’s prominent colored Society 
leaders on the street; at the Theatre; at Church; 
in the Home; at Receptions, Balls, Parties, Wed- 
dings, Dinners, etc. The illustrations are so 
perfect and natural that the well-bred, correctly 
clothed men and women almost speak to you. 

Learn how to dress and conduct yourself on any 
and all occasions; correct dress for men and 
women; suggestions in colors and materials for the 
ladies; hints as to footwear, hats, appropriate com- 
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What to serve your guests at breakfast. lunch or 
dinner. 

How to converse intelligently; how to know when 
to talk and when to remain silent: how to make 
friends and gain popularity. 

A book that will help the most prominent member 
6% x 8 of society or the most humble. 


STORIES 
PART 2 


A wonderful collection of Short Sto- 
ries for Young and Old. Stories that 
will hold your attention from start to 
finish. By the most famous colored 
writer of Short Stories in America. 
Stories of Adventure Stories of Pluck 


Stories of Bravery Stories of Success 
Stories ef School Days Stories of Great Men 


Stories for Father, Mother or the Chil- | 
dren. Funny Stories; Stories that will 
bring the tears to your eyes; Stories 
once started must be finished before 
laying aside the book. Handsomely il- 
lustrated—pictures that seem to live 
throughout the story. 


A Book you will want 


Must have in your home Agents Wanted 
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Write today. Send 25 cents for agents’ outfit to-day. 


AUSTIN JENKINS CO. No. 523 9th STREET, 


WASHINGTON, D. C. 
Publishers of the Life and Works of Dunbar, Booker T. Washington, 
Kelly Miller and Du Bois. Send for Catalog of 160 books. 


Illustrating Table Manners 








86 





THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 


Kelly Miller’s Authentic History of Negro in World War 


A NEW AND UP-TO-DATE 
WAR HISTORY 


JUST OFF THE PRESS 


200 pictures 700 pages 


Price, cloth . . $2.50 
Morocco $3.50 


Sent by insured parcel post. 










The 
Only 
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On the firing line in France 


eam aaa ae 
AUTHENTIC HisTORY 
NEGRO 
Sere we A dat 


Size 6% x 8% inches, 700 Pages. 
You should read this book, it will 
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This Book appeals to the Colored People. They are 
eager to buy it. Why? Because it is the only War 
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the Negro. 

It relates to the world how 300,000 Negroes crossed 
the North Atlantic, braving the terrors of the Sub- 
marine Peril, to battle for Democracy against the Blood- 
thirsty hordes of a war mad Lord of the House of 
Hohenzollern. 

More than fifty pages of the Book devoted to the 
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE NEGRO IN THE 
AMERICAN NAVY—Guarding the Trans-Atlantic 
Route to France—Battling the Submarine Peril—The 
Best Sailors in any Navy in the World—Making a Navy 
in Three Months from Negro Stevedores and Laborers 
—Wonderful Accomplishments of Our Negro Yoemen 
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AGENTS WANTED 


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men pages and ati the pictures and covers of book will be mailed te you 
for 28 cents (stamps) to pay penne it represents exactly the complete book. 
Send 28 cents for outfit TOD 


AUSTIN JENKINS CO. 
(BOOK AND BIBLE PUBLISHERS) 


Send for Catalog of 160 books 
No. 523 9th Street Washington, D. C. 








@ Maggie Ross, a white woman of North 
Carolina, left an estate worth $100,000 to 
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Ross and their daugh- 
ter, who are colored. Efforts to break the 
will in the courts have so far failed. 

@ Marion Gaines, a colored Creek Indian 
has won title to 85 acres of land in the heart 
of the new oil fields of Love County, Okla- 
homa, and has claims to another 50 acre 
piece. One lease on the land has been sold 
for $600,000. 

q@ A. T. Price, the leading colored under- 
taker of Richmond, Virginia, is dead. A 
telegram announcing this fact was sent to 
John Mitchell, Jr., editor of the Richmond 
Planet, who was at Washington, D. C. The 


THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 





telegram got mixed and when Mr. Mitchell 
arrived at Richmond he found that he had 
been reported dead and his casket was await- 
ing him. 

@ Colonel James H. Young, a widely known 
colored man in North Carolina, who was 
Colonel of the Third North Carolina Regi- 
ment in the Spanish-American war, is dead. 
@ Samuel Davis, of Aflex, Kentucky, died 
July 12, 1920, in an attempt to rescue a 
young girl from drowning. A bronze medal 
and pension have been given to his widow by 
the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission. 

qc J. H. C. Butler, principal of the West 
Broad colored school of Savannah is dead. 
White officials and principals in a memorial 
testified to his “solid worth and valuable 
service.” 





These items are culled from letters and clippings 
Every effort is made to insure their accuracy, but 
mistakes sometimes occur. We are glad to correct 
essential errors. 


(Concluded from page 72) 

bers of scientific contributions at various 
meetings, has been chairman of important 
committees and a teacher in dental schools. 

During all this work which has raised him 
high in his profession he has kept in touch 
with movements in the colored world, being 
a former member of Niagara Movement and 
now a Director of the N. A. A. C. P. Re- 
cently in Chicago his colored fellow citizens 
came together and as a testimonial to his 
life work arranged for him one of the most 
successful and striking banquets that has 
been held in colored America. Dr. Bentley 
was born in Cincinnati and is married to 
Florence Lewis Bentley, who was known in 
the literary world of Philadelphia before 
she went to Chicago. 












































87 


HOTEL, DALE 


Lae 





Comfort and Elegance Without Extravaganc 


This Magnificent Hotel, Located in the 
Heart of the Most Beautiful Seashore 
Resort in the World, 


is replete with every modern improvement, superla- 
tive in construction, appointments, service and re 
fined patronage. Orchestra daily, garage, bath houses, 
tennis, etc., on premises, Special attention given to 
ladies and children. 

Send for booklet. Sanitarium added with Dr. C. A. 
Lewis of the University of Penn. in attendance. 


Atlanta University 
Studies of the Negro Problems 
20 Monographs Sold Separately 


Addr 
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE 
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY ” ATLANTA, GA. 


HOMES 


I am in a position to sell you a 
beautiful home in CORONA, L. I. 
Attractive one and two family 
homes in the most delightful sec- 
tion of New York City. All city 
improvements, best of schools 
and very convenient to any sec- 
tion of New York City for 5 
cents. 











Or will build to suit the demands 
of any one. 


Full information cheerfully given 


L.S REED 


46 East Jackson Ave. 
CORONA, N. Y. CITY 












88 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 








Hampton Institute 
Agricultural School 


HAMPTON, VIRGINIA 


Opportunity Knocks at the Door 
of the Man Who Knows 
and Can Do 


If you wish to prepare yourself to fill a 
responsible position of wide 
usefulness as a 


County or farm-demonstration agent 
Teacher of vocational agriculture 
Rural-school principal 


Hampton now offers in Agriculture 
A COLLEGIATE COURSE 


Based on Four-Year Secondary Course 


With Work in Well-Equipped Classrooms, 
Shops, and Laboratories; With Summer 
Field Practice; With All-Round Training 
Under High-Grade Instructors. 


James E. Gregg, Principal, 
Warren K. Blodgett, Director 








Educate Your Girl at 


The National Training 
School for 


Women and Girls 


Lincoln Heights, Washington, D. C. 


Among the best schools for women and 
girls in the United States. 


The School that develops CHARAC- 
TER and PERSONALITY. We fill 
our students with a burning desire to 
go out into the world and inake not 
only a LIVING but a LIFE. 


COURSES 


6th, 7th and 8th Grades, Normal Preparatory 
and Normal, Music, Business, Domestic 
Science and Arts 


Social Service 
Beauty Culture Physical Culture 
Ideal Location High Grade Teachers 
Thorough Training 
SEND FOR CATALOG 


Nannie H. Burroughs, President 





STORAGE BATTERY REPAIRING 


has been added to the Course in 


AUTO MECHANICS 


At The Prairie View State Normal & Industrial College 
which has turned out more 


ENGINE REPAIRMEN, TRACTOR OPERATORS, CHAUFFEURS, 
MECHANICS & AUTO ELECTRICIANS and VULCANIZERS 
than any other Automobile School for Negroes 


ADDRESS : 


Division of Mechanic Arts, Prairie View, Tex. 


COSMOPOLITAN SCHOOL of CHIROPRACTIC 
Formerly NEW YORK SCHOOL OF CHIROPRACTIC 


NEW YORK, N. Y. 


ecognized See. for Chiropractic (KI-RO-PRAEK-TIE) poten offering a strictly 


residential course leading to degree 


of D. ©. (Doctor of Chiropractic 


ic, the world’s foremost drugless healing science, “4 “aaily increasing in popu- 


‘Ohiropracti 
larity because of the astoundin: 


g results obtained in almost every human ailment. An unsur- 


passed opportunity is offered young men and women of character and ability. 


The school is well located and well equipped. The faculty is made up of men well known 
and recognized in the profession as capable practitioners and teachers. 


WRITE FOR PROSPECTUS 


DR. J. FREEMAN OTTO 
Registrar 


240 W. 138th STREET, 


GERTRUDE MILLER-FAIDE 
Secretary 


NEW YORK, N. Y. 











THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 








JUNE 27th 


Derrick Bldg. - 


SUMMER SESSION 


ENROLL NOW! 
DERRICK BUSINESS SCHOOL 


1514 PINE STREET 


PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
SHORTHAND, TYPEWRITING, BOOKKEEPING, OFFICE PRACTICE, FILING. 


Dormitories - 


SAVE TIME AND MONEY 


$2.50 per week 


BOYD’S 30-DAY SYSTEM 


M. J. Derrick, Principal and Manager 








THE STENOGRAPHERS’ INSTITUTE 
4 YEARS’ COURSE IN BUSINESS REDUCED TO 11 MONTHS—Shorthand, Typewriting, Bookkeep- 
ing, Commercial Law, Multigraphing, Building and Loan, Real Estate. 
COMMON SCHOOL SUBJECTS—Spelling, Reading, W vine: Etymology, Grammer, Arithmetic, Physi- 
ology, General History, U. S. History, Geography of the U. S. 


THEOLOGY—This subject will be taught by Rev. 


C A. Tindley, D.D. 


Six teachers picked from our own graduates will render efficient 
service in the classes starting June list. Write or call to see 


ILDWARD T. DUNCAN, President 


1227 8. 17th ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. 








MANASSAS INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL 
MANASSAS, VIRGINIA 


Beautiful location, 191 acre, fourteen buildings. Di- 
rect railroad connection: 

The only school of its kind in historic Northern 
Virginia. 


State standard Four-Year High School Course. 
Advanced Grade School. Business and Trade 


Courses, 
High moral standards. Prepares boys and girls to 
become useful men and women; terms reasonable. 


For Information address 
EDWARD D. HOWE, Principal 


(RICHMOND, VA.) 
offers young men an excellent opportunity to secure a 
good College or Theological education at moderate 
cost 
Special Pre-Medical courses are offered for those 
who plan to enter a medical college. 
Information cheerfully furnished. Write to the 


STUDENTS! PUBLIC SPEAKERS! 


Literary Criticism and Revision for Writers and Speakers. 





We also assist in the writing of material for Special Articles, 
Manuscrip*s, Theses, Sermons, Essays, Orations and One Act 
Plays These are expertly prepared (typewritten) papers. 
Yroficient, scholarly service 


Address: John A. Martin, Secretary, 
2220 Sixth St., N. W. 





BERESFORD 





INVESTMENTS 


Home Office 








Washington, D. C. 


GALE CORPORATION 
FINANCIERS 


‘‘Investments of the Better Kind’’ 





Founded 1899 Incorporated 1904 


OPPORTUNITY 


| Helpfulness Our Object Efficiency Our Aim 


BEREAN MANUAL TRAINING AND 
INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL 


1926-30 S. COLLEGE AVE., Philadelphia, Pa. 


Principally a Trade School 
Fall Term Opening Tuesday, October 4, 1921 
Day and Night Classes 
Introduction Day Commercial Course 


VISITORS WELCOME WRITE NOW 


MATTHEW ANDERSON, 
Principal and Founder 





SOCIETY PRINTING 


3est qualities and most fashionable styles. Our 
line includes Calling Cards, Business Cards, 
Mourning Cards, Wedding and Party Invita- 
tions, Sympathy Acknowledgment Cards, Mono- 
grammed Stationery, etc. Agents wanted. Good 
pay. Big demand everywhere. All orders filled 
promptly and sent prepaid. Write for samples 
and terms. 

The House of Chowning, 







Indianapelis, ind. 













SECURITIES 


Branches in Principal Cities 


413 South Broad St. 


Philadelphia, Pa. 











90 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 















ON TO WASHINGTON, D. C. 


The Superintendent of Insur- 
ance of the District of Columbia, 
after a satisfactory investigation of 
cur contracts and business, has 
granted the Society license to do an 
Industrial Sick Benefit Insurance 
Business in the District of Columbia. 










We therefore announce the open- 
ing of our Washington (D. C.) Dis- 
trict Office on Monday, June 6, 
1921. 

















The Washington District Office 
will occupy the Specially Designed 
Office Suite No. 300, 3rd floor front, 
in the Society’s own Modern Four 
Story and Basement Building, N. W. 
Corner of 7th and T Sts., Washing- 
ton, D. C. 


We invite our members, friends and the general public to call on us 
when visiting the Capitol City of the Nation. 


The Acorn of 1893 is now the Spreading Oak of Protection of 1921. 


SOUTHERN AID SOCIETY OF VIRGINIA, INC. 


Home Office: 527 N. Second Street RICHMOND, VA. 










OFFICERS AND BOARD 






Jas. T. Carter, President and General W. E. Baker, Treasurer. 
Counsel. B. L. Jordan, Secretary. 
Edw. Stewart, l"ice-President. W. A. Jordan, Assistant Secretary. 
B. A. Cephas, I ice-President C. N. Jackson. 
A. Washistgtot; (Vice-President. W. EE. Randolph. 


A. D. Price, Jr. 








~ 


















THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 


STARTLING NEW OFFER 


ORCHARDVILLE LOTS 
AT $29,50 EACH 


PAYABLE AT $3.00 DOWN AND $1.50 A MONTH 


THESE LOTS ARE EXACTLY THE SAME KIND 
AND IN THE SAME LOCALITY AS THOSE WE 
SOLD UNDER THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN AT 
$56.00 EACH, THE OFFER OF WHICH HAS 
MET WITH GREAT SUCCESS. 


The lots are size 30x 144 feet, and have plenty of room for a garden, chicken yard 
shed, etc., besides a few fruit trees which can be planted later on. Each lot is sold 
under a MONEY BACK GUARANTEE tto prove to you that everything is as 
described in our advertising matter. TITLE to the property is ABSOLUTELY 
CLEAR and is conveyed by’ Warranty deed. 









This offer must be taken advantage of QUICKLY because only a LIMITED NUM- 
BER of these lots will be sold at this price, and the demand is sure to be VERY 
GREAT! Many of those who purchased Orchardville lots under our development 
agreement will want some of these lots also, and with a large list of lot owners 
all ready to start with, you can see how important it is to act WITHOUT DELAY. 


Space here is too limited to give you all the details of this offer, but if you want 
to know all about it, simply write your name and address on the coupon below and 
mail it to us RIGHT AWAY. We will then send you a circular containing all 
the particulars regarding the proposition, location, etc., without any obligation on 
your part. 


DON’T WAIT BUT SEND FOR IT TODAY—RIGHT NOW! 
Address : 


ARENSON REALTY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 


19 S. La Salle Street CHICAGO, ILL. 


WRITE PLAINLY 












ARENSON REALTY DEV’PT CORP. 
CHICAGO, ILL, DAU. . oc vcesevecevosse me... 5 


Gentlemen :— 


I would like to receive all the details regarding your new lot offer, without any obliga- 
tion on my part. 


EOP OL ELON CEE RES TEC CT OTE EE 
CRI—New Offer—6-21 








92 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 


June Releases 


BLACK SWAN RECORDS 


THE ONLY RECORDS USING EXCLUSIVELY 
NEGRO VOICES and MUSICIANS 


At Your Phonograph Dealer 


4 - | AT DAWNING, Soprano with Violin, Cello, Piano Revella Hughes 
85<¢ {| THANK GOD FOR AGARDEN ‘“ Revella Hughes 


2002( FOR ALL ETERNITY, Baritone, Violin obligato Carroll Clark 
10 Inch J. Cordie Williams, Violin, F.H. Henderson, Jr., Piano 
8c {| DEAR LITTLE BOY OF MINE - Carroll Clark 





Soprano with Orchestra 


me BLIND MAN BLUES, Blues Novelty Little Katie Crippen 


ech) PLAY EM FOR MAMMA, Bliss _Little Katie Crippen 
Soprano with Orchestra 
MY MAMMY, Tenor with Orchestra Jaun Harrison 
anos with Black Swan Dance Orchestra 
= BRIGHT EYES, Fox Trot. Vocal Chorus by Jaun Harrison 


Black Swan Dance Orchestra 


2005 ( STRUT MISS LIZZIE, Soprano with Orchestra Lula Whidby 


with Henderson's Novelty Orchestra 


(ygc* ) HOME AGAIN BLUES, Soprano with Orchestra Lula Whidby 


with Henderson's Novelty Orchestra 


ses NOBODY KNOWS THE TROUBLE I’VE SEEN, Carroll Clark 


Spiritual. Baricone with Piano Accompaniment 
10 Inch 
85c 


BY THE WATERS OF MINNETONKA, Carroll Clark 


Baritone with Piano, Violin and Cello 





Watch For Our New Releases Each Month 


If Your Dealer Does Not Supply You 
Order Direct From 


Pace Phonograph Corp., 257 W. 138th St., New York, N.Y. 


Live Agents Wanted in Every Community. Liberal Commissions. 


oS S) 







































THE CRISIS 


BRAZIL 


DO YOU WANT 


LIBERTY AND WEALTH 
IN A LAND OF PLENTY? 


UNLIMITED OPPORTUNITY AND 
EQUALITY? 


Then Buy 
Land in Brazil 
South America 


Kindly Send 25c in Stamps for Our 
Booklet 


BRAZILIAN AMERICAN 
COLONIZATION SYNDICATE 
American Office 358944 South State Street, 
Chicago, Ill. 





ADVERTISER 





BE A LAND OWNER! 


Enjoy that proud, self-satisfied and independ- 
ent feeling that comes with the ownership 
of a fine country estate. Invest your sav- 
ings where they will be safe and where 
they can some day earn you maximum re- 
turns. Get away from the turmoil of the 
city, the lay-offs, strikes, congestion, high 
cost of living, etc. If you act QUICKLY you 
can secure a Woodville country estate con- 
sisting of 10, 20 or 40 acres in a fine loca- 
tion in Michigan, on very easy terms, 


FOR ONLY $32-*9 PER ACRE 


FREE TOWN LOT with each 10 acre tract, 
also a SPECIAL ADVERTISING DISCOUNT 
to those who act AT ONCE. The tract is 
well located, RIGHT ON A RAILROAD, with 
the station right there. The land is high 
and dry and sold under a MONEY BACK 
GUARANTEE. The TITLE is ABSOLUTEL) 
CLEAR. Send for our BEAUTIFUL BOOK 
LET and get all the details of this offer 
without any obligaton to you. It contains 
a great many good views of the property. 
as well as interesting information. Simply. 
ask for a WOODVILLE booklet and mention 
the Crisis. Write your name and address 
plainly. SEND FOR YOUR COPY TODAY 
because the tracts are going FAST. Address 


ARENSON REALTY DEVELOPMENT CORP. 
19S .La Salle St Chicago, Il. 




































MADELINE 
ALLISON 


| Shopper 


Spring is here! 


| Have you done your spring and sum- 
mer shopping? Why not shop in 
New York, instead of in Gopher 
Prairie? It is cheaper and you get 
more satisfaction. 


























Let me do your shopping for you. 
Write me immediately. 





Have you seen my little catalog? 


Address : Room 622 


70 FIFTH AVENUE 
NEW YORK, N. Y. 


(Refers by permission to the Editor of the ‘‘Crisis.’’) 



































CROCHET BEADING TAUGHT 
BY MAIL—ALL BRANCHES $5 


Learn at Home How to do Crochet Beading Correct- 
ly and Speedily on DRESSES, WAISTS, BAGS, 
HATS, SLIPPERS, ETC., With all kinds of Beads, 
Bugles, Spangles, Fringes, Twists, Loops, Etc. 

The only Authoritative Correspondence Courses on 
Crochet Beading ever published. Contains 24 illus- 
trated charts with detailed explanations by Mme 
oe La Mers, International Art Needlework Au- 
thority. 


ALSO 10-day TRADE COURSE AT SCHOOL, $7.50. 
WORK GUARANTEED WHEN YOU _ FINISII 
SCHOOL COURSE. 


Classes in all branches of Art Needlework, Art Em- 
broidery, Perforating, and Stamping, at the Studio. 


MME, B. LA MERS LA MERS STUDIO 
345 West 58th St.. New York, N . 
TELEPHONE COLUMBUS 617 


The 


Brownies’ Book 
A monthly magazine for children 
which attempts to bring to them: 

tr. The best in pictures and stories of 
Negro life. 

The life and deeds of famous men 
and women of the Negro race. 

3. The current events of the world told 


in beautiful language which children 
can understand 








tv 





15 Cents per copy $1.50 per year 


Agents Wanted Subscribers .Wanted 
Sample copies sent on request. 


DuBois and Dill, Fublishers 


2 West 13th Street New York, N. Y. 



























94 THE CRISIS 


Cleota Collins, 
Lyric Soprano 


“She combines an excellent voice with artistic fin- 
ish of the most mature kind. Her singing proved as 
charming as anything the concert programs will offer 
this season.”—Detroit Daily News. 


GEORGE LACY, Manager, 
156 Hamilton Avenue Columbus, Ohio 


LULA ROBINSON-JONES 
Soprano 


Available for Concerts 
Telephone 6393 Morningside 
174 W. 136th Street New York, N. Y. 


E. ALDAMA JACKSON 


Graduate of Institute of Musical Art 
Organist-Director of Music of St. Marks M. E 
; Concert Accompanist; Piano, Voice, 
Theory, Instruction, Conducting, Coaching. 
Harmony taught from beginning to com- 
pletion. Private or Seaeenpeanense, 


Geothius system : 
250 W. 188th 8t., New York, N. Y. 


Telephone Morningside 1708. 








Studio: 


Sent anywhere—Now on sale 
GR OMPOSITION 


Pirituals o 
Coleridge- Taylor. Burleigh, Cook, Rosamond 
Johnson, Dett, Clarence C. White, Work, 
Diton, °C Natalie Curtis Burlin. 
W. A. ADAMS MUSIC HOUSE, 
1911 9th 8t., N. W. Washington, D. C. 
Send stamp for reply. 





SCENARIOS WANTED! 


z=: Race Plays :-: 


Chance for Good, Steady Income for Writers 
Who Show Ability. 


Florentine Film Mfg. Co., Inc., 
903 You St., N. W. Washington, D. C. 


COLORED PHOTOPLAYS 


a Step Ahead 


Bookertee Film Company 


now booking 


“Loyal Hearts’ a five-reel, thrilling and exciting 
— drama featuring California’s Favorite Colored 
tar 


SIDNEY PRESTON DONES 
Directed by Capt. Leslie T. Peacocke, the author of 
Neptune’s Daughter, the Annetta Kellerman feature 
photoplay; Hearts in Exile, As Ye Sow, The Million 
Dollar Mystery, etc. 

Colored theatre patrons demand to see colored photo- 
plays. Ask your theatre today to give you good col 
cred pictures. Support theatres which book colored 
pictures. 
Agents wanted for FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
Will sell FOREIGN rights. 


Theatres write or wire our nearest office, 
BOOKERTEE FILM COMPANY 


1718 W. Jefferson St. | LOS ANGELES, CAL. 
New York Office, 247 W. (39th St. 
Harris and Pitts, 405 Central Ave., Grand Central 
Theatre, Dallas, Tex. 

J. B. Kennedy, Liberty Theatre, Greenville, S. C. 
G. S. O'Neal, Jr., 1719 3rd Ave., Birmingham, aon 
Our next releases now booking for fall 
showing ‘‘Reformation’’, a five-reel all 
star colored cast; ‘“‘My First Love’, a 

five-reel all star colored cast. 














ADVERTISER 


A MONEY —— Be nog it is A CROWD GETTER. 
Churches and oes that will afford an 
evening of Side Splitting Fur Fua, 


The Slabtown Convention 


As entertainment in one act; full ef wit 
anc good humor. Scores of churches have cleared from 


One to Two Hundred Dollars in One Night. PRICE, 50s. 


NANNIE H. SuRRoushs. | Author 


miss 
Lincoln Heights, ashington, D. 6. 


AGENTS EARN $75.00 A WEEK 
















IMPROVE YOURSELF! 
HELP OTHERS! 


Easy, pleasant, dignified 
work. $2 per hour. Unusual 
opportunity. Send 650c in 


stamps for membership, sup- 
plies, etc. 

National Li A iat 
1230 You St. N. W., Wash., D.C. 











The Colored Teachers’ Bureau 


Will Help You Get a Better Paying Position. 
REGISTER NOW REASONABLE TERMS 


Address: Colored Teachers’ Bureau 


Box 22, Wilberforce, 0. 











The Negro in American History 


Its value indicated in public and secondary school 
libraries as an introduction to the study of American 
History from the American Negro viewpoint. 284 pages, 
32 chapters, 17 full page _ illustrations. Index and 
bibliography other features. Price $2.00; sent on ome 
of net price. Order through any bookseller; Cc. oO. D. 
postage remittance. For further information address the 


— JOHN W. CROMWELL 


1439 Swann St., Washington, D. C 





The most forward movement in the 
interest of Africa has been perfected 
by the American & African Tourist 
Company, Inc., which announces a 
round-trip tour to West Africa, leav- 
ing December 3. Round Trip Tickets, 
$495.00. 


W. H. Jernigan......President 
R. R. Wright, Jr.....Treasurer 
L. G. Jordan. . Secretary 


For full particulars ‘write Maj. W. 
H. York, General Manager, 529 South 
Nineteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa. 




















THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 95 


VRS TT: 


“13° 


EXPRESS OR POSTAGE PREPAID 


This offer is one of the biggest, most gener- 
ous ever made by any tailoring house. It’s 
your one big opportunity to get a finely tail- 
ored-to-measure 2-piece suit with box back, 
superbly trimmed and cut in the latest tity 
style for only $13.50. 


WE'RE OUT TO BEAT 


HIGH TAILORING PRICES 






ill 








Your own local tailor couldn’t and wouldn’t 
make you a suit for $13.50, let alone supply 
the cloth, linings and ree Why not 
save 50% on your next suit? We have such 


a tremendous business, buy all our materials 
in such large quantities and have such a perfect organi- 
zation that we can make these wonderful prices—and 
remember we guarantee style, fit and workmanship or 
your money back. 


You Save °Q tof 


This suit for $13.50 clearly proves our supremacy in the tailoring field. We offer 


yor abugt them.” We wonld ether yon dil Big Sample Outfit FREE 


not send us any money until we send our 


Write us today and we will mail you absolutely FREE our beautifully illustrated 
pattern book showing dozens of the latest city styles and designs, also many large 
size cloth samples to choose from. You will be simply thunderstruck at the excep- 
tional values we are offering this year. Don’t delay; we urge you to act quick; today! 


THE PROGRESS TAILORING CO. 
Dept. 606, CHICAGO 











96 


THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 








OUR LATEST CATALOG WILL BE 
MAILED TO YOU UPON REQUEST 


We are positively the only Manufacturers of HUMAN HAIR GOODS who 
specialize and cater direct to the Colored People. 


Our Wigs, Switches, Transformations, Bobs and Braids are strictly hand- 
made—of the finest qualities of real Human Hair Goods and manufactured 
under the supervision of MME. BAUM, by the most skillful artists in the 


trade. 


them. 
ee 


Mme. Baum's Beb 
gives the appear- 
ance of wearing the 
hair bobbed, but 
makes cutting un- 
necessary. Made 
of strictly Supreme 
Qualiy human 
halr, with — 
waves, sewed 
Velvet Ribbes. 
fitted three 
tuck Combs te 
hela secure. te 
all shades. Price, 
$5.50. 


WRITE FOR CATALOG 


















In Every 
Town and 
Locality. 


GOOD PAY 


Catalog Free 


THE EAST INDIA 
TOILET GOODS 


MFG. CO. 
316 N. Central Dept. B 


OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA 










Badges, Banners, Lodge Regalia 


For all Lodge and Church Societies 


CENTRAL REGALIA CO. 
JOS. L. JONES, Pres. 
641 W. 3h St. Cincinnati, Ohio 














Try Mme. Baum’s Celebrated Scalp and Face Preparations which are made 
of the finest ingredients and are the most satisfying to the person using 


We carry the largest selection of Hair- 
dressers’ Tools and Accessories. 


MME. BAUM’S 
MAIL ORDER HOUSE 


Our Factory is Located at 


80 FOURTH AVE. NEW YORK, N. Y 


When writing, mention this paper. 





WANTED WANTED 


Live Agents At Once To Sell 
DUDLEY’S FAMOUS AUTO POLISH 


for furniture, pianos, church pews, hardwood floors 
and hundreds of other things that have a varnished 
surface. Makes them look like new. Agents can 
make $50.00 to $75.00 per week selling Dudley's 
Polish to furniture dealers, drug stores, hardware 
ete churches, housekeepers, automobile stores, paint 

res and grocery stores. Special Offer: For 90 days 
we will ship to all new agents $10.00 worth of Dud- 
ley’s Polish for $5.00. Take advantage of this 
specia! offer at once. 


DUDLEY MANUFACTURING CO. 
Formerly 
DUDLEY & PORTER MFG. CO. 
DUDLEY LEATHER & CHEMICAL WORKS, 
Box 542 













MUSKOGEE, OKLAHOMA 











Telephone; Bering 7786 


ISADORE MARTIN 


Real Estate and Insurance 
Notary Public Mortgages 
6 North 42nd Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 






84 School Street 
that “ the pe 


“SOME DON’TS” ples of both 


nents. “A Programme for Life.” Agents Wante 
Price 10c. Try 
lespie, 2272 East 97th St., Cleveland, Ohio. 


DOTVLVD YOs ZLIMM 

















Tel. 6487 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben 
EDGAR P. BENJAMIN 


Atrornzy anp Counsgiior-at-Law 


Boston, Mass 


‘O- 


conti- 


d, 


the 5c. and 10c. stores. A. R. Gil- 








Safe Conservative Investment— Spendthrift habits, wasted earn- 
The road to happiness, independ- ings, get-rich-quick speculations 
ence and comfort. lead finally to poverty and want. 


Who Will Support You 
When You Are Too 
Old To Work? 


Will you have profitable investments bringing ‘1 an income or will you be 
dependent? 


The Nile Queen Corporation now being organized to succeed the well-known 
Kashmir Chemical Company, offers unusual opportunity for safe, conservative 
investment in a growing business. Fortunes have been made in the toilet 
preparation industry and yet our race organizations have scarcely scratched 
the surface of this great field. The Kashmir Chemical Company, a high class, 
successful, going business, which manufactures the famous Nile Queen Prepara- 
tions, is to be expanded into a great country-wide organization, officered by a 
group of capable, experienced business men. Dollars invested now while the 


organization is being formed and an opportunity open to get in on the ground 
floor can earn large dividends for you. 


Write today for particulars and guaranteed dividend proposition, or send sub- 
scription for as many shares as you desire,—Subscriptions $25.00 per share, 
$5.00 down—$5.00 per month. Make checks payable to or address 


Incorporators 


Nile Queen Corporation 
3423 Indiana Avenue Chicago, Illinois 





BEAUTIFUL 
WHITE TEETH 


MADAM C. J. WALKER'S 


e=ANTISEPTIC DENTAL CREAM =e 
——IS THE SECRET 


Mouth acids and a slimy film are the great contri- 
butions todecay. Your Dentist will tell you that 

it is not enough to merely clean the teeth 

and ordinary dentrifices will not preserve 

themfrom decay. Madam C. ].Walker’s 

Antiseptic Dental Cream keeps the 

saliva alkaline, which counter- 

acts acid-mouth, prevents 


slimy film, the forma- 
A delicious, oa tion of tarter and 


effective germicide “es purifies the 
and mouth wash for a ra) breath. 
Cleansing, Polishing and Pre- 

serving the teeth. 


of Agents and at Drug Stores. 


Q UK 
640 NORTH WEST STREET 


INDIANAPOLIS, IND., U.S.A. 
Makers of Mme. C.J. Walkers Wonderful Hair Grower.