{
 "corpus": "arabic-mathematics",
 "seat": "EA-CORPORA-30/08",
 "title": "Classical Arabic mathematics and astronomy — al-Khwārizmī, al-Kindī, Thābit ibn Qurra, Ibn al-Haytham, al-Bīrūnī and ʿUmar al-Khayyām, in Arabic",
 "edition": "al-Khwārizmī, al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala — the Arabic part of Rosen's edition, its own title page dated London 1830 (طبع في مدينة لندن سنة ١٨٣٠ المسيحية), scanned separately in reverse page order (Internet Archive item labelled “1342”, Public Domain Mark), scan and Tesseract Arabic OCR layer; al-Khwārizmī, al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, Arabic text with English translation, ed. and tr. Frederic Rosen, The Algebra of Mohammed ben Musa (London: Oriental Translation Fund, 1831) — University of California copy, scan and OCR layer; ʿUmar al-Khayyām, Risāla fī l-barāhīn ʿalā masāʾil al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, Arabic text with French translation, ed. and tr. F. Woepcke, L'algèbre d'Omar Alkhayyâmî (Paris: B. Duprat, 1851) — Oxford copy digitized by Google, scan and OCR layer; ʿUmar al-Khayyām, Risāla fī l-barāhīn ʿalā masāʾil al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, ed. and tr. F. Woepcke (Paris: B. Duprat, 1851) — Harvard copy digitized by Google, scan and OCR layer; al-Kindī, Risāla fī l-luḥūn wa-l-nagham (on melodies and notes, the mathematical science of music) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR of Zakariyyā Yūsuf's edition; al-Kindī, Kitāb fī maʿrifat quwā l-adwiya al-murakkaba (De gradibus: the mathematics of compound drugs) — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription; al-Kindī, Risāla fī ṣanʿat al-suyūf wa-saqyihā (on the making and tempering of swords) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR of Fayṣal Dabdūb's edition (Baghdad); Apollonius of Perga, Conics, book V, in the Arabic translation of Thābit ibn Qurra (Kitāb Ablūniyūs fī l-makhrūṭāt) — OpenITI, Glossarium Graeco-Arabicum transcription of the extract; Nicomachus of Gerasa, Introduction to Arithmetic, in the Arabic translation of Thābit ibn Qurra (Kitāb al-madkhal ilā ʿilm al-ʿadad) — OpenITI, Glossarium Graeco-Arabicum transcription; Ptolemy, al-Majisṭī (the Almagest), books I–XIII, in the Arabic version of Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn revised by Thābit ibn Qurra — OpenITI, Pouyan Rezvani's transcription of MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya 7116 (Ptolemaeus Arabus et Latinus); Thābit ibn Qurra, Kitāb fī sanat al-shams bi-l-arṣād (De anno solis: the solar year by observation) — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription; Thābit ibn Qurra, Tashīl al-Majisṭī (what must be explained before the Almagest is read) — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription; Ibn al-Haytham, Kitāb al-Manāẓir (the Optics), books I–III, on direct vision — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription of Sabra's edition; Ibn al-Haytham, Kitāb al-Manāẓir (the Optics) — OpenITI, the al-Warrāq text by way of the Shamela library; Ibn al-Haytham, Maqāla fī hayʾat al-ʿālam (On the Configuration of the World) — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription; al-Bīrūnī, al-Qānūn al-Masʿūdī (the Masudic canon of astronomy) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Maqālīd ʿilm al-hayʾa (the keys of astronomy: spherical trigonometry) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Istikhrāj al-awtār fī l-dāʾira (the determination of chords in the circle) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Taḥdīd nihāyāt al-amākin (the determination of the coordinates of places: geodesy) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Ifrād al-maqāl fī amr al-ẓilāl (the exhaustive treatise on shadows) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Tamhīd al-mustaqarr li-taḥqīq maʿnā l-mamarr (on transits) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Istīʿāb al-wujūh al-mumkina fī ṣanʿat al-asṭurlāb (the astrolabe in all its possible constructions) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Tasṭīḥ al-ṣuwar wa-tabṭīḥ al-kuwar (on the projection of the sphere onto the plane) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Taṭrīq al-istifāda min al-asṭurlābāt (on the uses of astrolabes) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Mā fī quwwat al-asṭurlāb (on what lies in the power of the astrolabe) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, Rāshīkāt al-Hind (the Indian rules of proportion) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, on the solar equation (a fragment, extant inside another risāla) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, on the asymptote, the endless division of magnitudes (a fragment, extant inside another risāla) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR; al-Bīrūnī, al-Āthār al-bāqiya ʿan al-qurūn al-khāliya (the chronology of ancient nations: calendars and eras) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
 "language": "ara",
 "license": {
  "payload": "Per item, recorded in origin.items. The works are medieval (al-Khwārizmī d. c. 850; al-Kindī d. c. 873; Thābit ibn Qurra d. 901; Ibn al-Haytham d. c. 1040; al-Bīrūnī d. c. 1050; ʿUmar al-Khayyām d. 1131) and in the public domain. Rosen's edition (London, 1831; the Arabic title page dated 1830) and Woepcke's (Paris, 1851) are public domain in the United States (published before 1931); the Archive marks the Google and California copies NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT and the Arabic-part item Public Domain Mark 1.0. The OpenITI files are CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 at the corpus: handled under the NC payload/record split ruled at EA-CORPORA-02, as GRETIL was at 29/09 — the NonCommercial payload licence is carried forward unmodified and does not attach to this seat record. Most OpenITI files transcribe or OCR printed editions of 1889 to the 2000s, named per item in origin.items (edition_at_file); OpenITI's Clean operation of 2023 removed editorial paratext from the OCR files, though some introductions remain in the text. Edition-level status for the editions printed after 1930 is recorded as UNVERIFIED AT SEAT TIME: the medieval text is the author's, and the seat claims no more for the edition than the OpenITI licence gives. The Majisṭī file is a transcription of a manuscript (Tunis 7116), with no printed edition behind it.",
  "record": "CC-BY-4.0 applies to this seat record only."
 },
 "fetched": "2026-10-30",
 "origin": {
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    "source": "Internet Archive",
    "identifier": "1342TheAlgebraOfMohammedBenMusaAlKwarizmiInArabic",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/1342TheAlgebraOfMohammedBenMusaAlKwarizmiInArabic",
    "files": [
     "1342-The algebra_of_Mohammed_ben_Musa_al_Kwarizmi_in_Arabic.pdf",
     "1342-The algebra_of_Mohammed_ben_Musa_al_Kwarizmi_in_Arabic_djvu.txt"
    ]
   },
   {
    "source": "Internet Archive",
    "identifier": "algebraofmohamme00khuwrich",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/algebraofmohamme00khuwrich",
    "files": [
     "algebraofmohamme00khuwrich.pdf",
     "algebraofmohamme00khuwrich_djvu.txt"
    ]
   },
   {
    "source": "Internet Archive",
    "identifier": "lalgbredomaralk00khaygoog",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/lalgbredomaralk00khaygoog",
    "files": [
     "lalgbredomaralk00khaygoog.pdf",
     "lalgbredomaralk00khaygoog_djvu.txt"
    ]
   },
   {
    "source": "Internet Archive",
    "identifier": "lalgbredomaralk00wpgoog",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/lalgbredomaralk00wpgoog",
    "files": [
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    "edition_at_file": "the OCR of the title page reads it as a second supplement to Muʾallafāt al-Kindī al-mūsīqiyya, with the editor's name Zakariyyā Yūsuf (OCR زكريا يوسف in the text, garbled on the title page); place and year not legible in the OCR",
    "openiti_status": "Kraken OCR, uncorrected (OpenITI: UNCORRECTED_OCR); paratext removed by OpenITI's Clean operation, 2023"
   },
   {
    "source": "OpenITI",
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    "edition_at_file": "Léon Gauthier, Antécédents gréco-arabes de la psychophysique (Beirut, 1939), pp. 1–51 (stated at the file)",
    "openiti_status": "transcribed by Azzam Hasan for the Arabic and Latin Corpus"
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    "edition_at_file": "the OCR of the title page names the editor as Dr Fayṣal Dabdūb, printed at Maṭbaʿat al-ʿĀnī, Baghdad, for the Ministry of Guidance on the occasion of the Baghdad and al-Kindī celebrations; it carries an essay by Bashīr al-Ṣaqqāl; the year is not legible in the OCR",
    "openiti_status": "Kraken OCR, uncorrected (OpenITI: UNCORRECTED_OCR); paratext removed by OpenITI's Clean operation, 2023"
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   {
    "source": "OpenITI",
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   {
    "source": "OpenITI",
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    "edition_at_file": "Kitāb al-Manāẓir, books I–III, ed. A. I. Sabra (Kuwait, 1983) (stated at the file)",
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    "originals": [
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    "work": "ʿUmar al-Khayyām, Risāla fī l-barāhīn ʿalā masāʾil al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, Arabic text with French translation, ed. and tr. F. Woepcke, L'algèbre d'Omar Alkhayyâmî (Paris: B. Duprat, 1851) — Oxford copy digitized by Google, scan and OCR layer",
    "text": "text/khayyam-jabr-woepcke-1851-oxford.ocr.txt",
    "originals": [
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    "text": "text/khayyam-jabr-woepcke-1851-harvard.ocr.txt",
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     "original/lalgbredomaralk00wpgoog/lalgbredomaralk00wpgoog_djvu.txt"
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    "work": "al-Kindī, Risāla fī l-luḥūn wa-l-nagham (on melodies and notes, the mathematical science of music) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR of Zakariyyā Yūsuf's edition",
    "text": "text/kindi-fi-l-luhun.txt",
    "originals": [
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   {
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    "work": "al-Kindī, Kitāb fī maʿrifat quwā l-adwiya al-murakkaba (De gradibus: the mathematics of compound drugs) — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription",
    "text": "text/kindi-quwa-l-adwiya-l-murakkaba.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0275AH/0256IbnIshaqKindi.QuwaAdwiyaMurakkaba.ALCorpus00030-ara1"
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   {
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    "work": "al-Kindī, Risāla fī ṣanʿat al-suyūf wa-saqyihā (on the making and tempering of swords) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR of Fayṣal Dabdūb's edition (Baghdad)",
    "text": "text/kindi-fi-amal-al-suyuf.txt",
    "originals": [
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    "work": "Apollonius of Perga, Conics, book V, in the Arabic translation of Thābit ibn Qurra (Kitāb Ablūniyūs fī l-makhrūṭāt) — OpenITI, Glossarium Graeco-Arabicum transcription of the extract",
    "text": "text/thabit-apollonius-conica-v.txt",
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    "class": "Thābit ibn Qurra"
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    "work": "Nicomachus of Gerasa, Introduction to Arithmetic, in the Arabic translation of Thābit ibn Qurra (Kitāb al-madkhal ilā ʿilm al-ʿadad) — OpenITI, Glossarium Graeco-Arabicum transcription",
    "text": "text/thabit-nicomachus-arithmetic.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0300AH/0288ThabitIbnQurra.MadkhalLiNiqumakhus.GRAR000060-ara1"
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    "class": "Thābit ibn Qurra"
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   {
    "slug": "thabit-majisti-tunis-7116",
    "work": "Ptolemy, al-Majisṭī (the Almagest), books I–XIII, in the Arabic version of Isḥāq ibn Ḥunayn revised by Thābit ibn Qurra — OpenITI, Pouyan Rezvani's transcription of MS Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya 7116 (Ptolemaeus Arabus et Latinus)",
    "text": "text/thabit-majisti-tunis-7116.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0300AH/0288ThabitIbnQurra.Majisti.PAL066900971-ara1.completed"
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    "lines": 1653,
    "class": "Thābit ibn Qurra"
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   {
    "slug": "thabit-sanat-al-shams",
    "work": "Thābit ibn Qurra, Kitāb fī sanat al-shams bi-l-arṣād (De anno solis: the solar year by observation) — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription",
    "text": "text/thabit-sanat-al-shams.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0300AH/0288ThabitIbnQurra.SanatShamsBiArsad.ALCorpus00005-ara1"
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    "class": "Thābit ibn Qurra"
   },
   {
    "slug": "thabit-tashil-al-majisti",
    "work": "Thābit ibn Qurra, Tashīl al-Majisṭī (what must be explained before the Almagest is read) — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription",
    "text": "text/thabit-tashil-al-majisti.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0300AH/0288ThabitIbnQurra.TashilMajisti.ALCorpus00035-ara1"
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    "class": "Thābit ibn Qurra"
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   {
    "slug": "ibn-al-haytham-manazir-i-iii-sabra",
    "work": "Ibn al-Haytham, Kitāb al-Manāẓir (the Optics), books I–III, on direct vision — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription of Sabra's edition",
    "text": "text/ibn-al-haytham-manazir-i-iii-sabra.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0430IbnHaytham.Manazir.ALCorpus00006-ara2"
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    "lines": 3536,
    "class": "Ibn al-Haytham"
   },
   {
    "slug": "ibn-al-haytham-manazir-warraq",
    "work": "Ibn al-Haytham, Kitāb al-Manāẓir (the Optics) — OpenITI, the al-Warrāq text by way of the Shamela library",
    "text": "text/ibn-al-haytham-manazir-warraq.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0430IbnHaytham.Manazir.ShamAY0035933-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 1710,
    "class": "Ibn al-Haytham"
   },
   {
    "slug": "ibn-al-haytham-hayat-al-alam",
    "work": "Ibn al-Haytham, Maqāla fī hayʾat al-ʿālam (On the Configuration of the World) — OpenITI, Arabic and Latin Corpus transcription",
    "text": "text/ibn-al-haytham-hayat-al-alam.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0430IbnHaytham.HayatCalam.ALCorpus00020-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 555,
    "class": "Ibn al-Haytham"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-qanun-al-masudi",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, al-Qānūn al-Masʿūdī (the Masudic canon of astronomy) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-qanun-al-masudi.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.QanunMascudi.Kraken22101805425502-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 16846,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-maqalid-ilm-al-haya",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Maqālīd ʿilm al-hayʾa (the keys of astronomy: spherical trigonometry) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-maqalid-ilm-al-haya.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.Maqalid.Kraken22101805430401-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 1201,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-istikhraj-al-awtar",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Istikhrāj al-awtār fī l-dāʾira (the determination of chords in the circle) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-istikhraj-al-awtar.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.IstikhrajAwtar.Kraken22101805430302-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 751,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-tahdid-nihayat-al-amakin",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Taḥdīd nihāyāt al-amākin (the determination of the coordinates of places: geodesy) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-tahdid-nihayat-al-amakin.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.TahdidNihayatAmakin.Kraken22101805430303-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 3556,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-ifrad-al-maqal-zilal",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Ifrād al-maqāl fī amr al-ẓilāl (the exhaustive treatise on shadows) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-ifrad-al-maqal-zilal.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.Zilal.Kraken22101805430305-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 2004,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-tamhid-al-mustaqarr",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Tamhīd al-mustaqarr li-taḥqīq maʿnā l-mamarr (on transits) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-tamhid-al-mustaqarr.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.TamhidMustaqarr.Kraken22101805430104-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 748,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-istiab-al-asturlab",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Istīʿāb al-wujūh al-mumkina fī ṣanʿat al-asṭurlāb (the astrolabe in all its possible constructions) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-istiab-al-asturlab.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.IsticabAsturlab.Kraken22101805425501-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 3957,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-tastih-al-suwar",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Tasṭīḥ al-ṣuwar wa-tabṭīḥ al-kuwar (on the projection of the sphere onto the plane) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-tastih-al-suwar.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.TashilTastihAsturlabi.Kraken22101805430402-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 214,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-tatriq-al-asturlabat",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Taṭrīq al-istifāda min al-asṭurlābāt (on the uses of astrolabes) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-tatriq-al-asturlabat.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.TatriqAsturlabat.Kraken22101805430304-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 739,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-quwwat-al-asturlab",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Mā fī quwwat al-asṭurlāb (on what lies in the power of the astrolabe) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-quwwat-al-asturlab.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.MaFiQuwwatAsturlab.Kraken22101805430101-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 400,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-rashikat-al-hind",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, Rāshīkāt al-Hind (the Indian rules of proportion) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-rashikat-al-hind.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.RashikatHind.Kraken22101805425503-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 249,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-tadil-fragment",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, on the solar equation (a fragment, extant inside another risāla) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-tadil-fragment.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.Tacdil.Kraken22101805430002-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 522,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-tajazzu-fragment",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, on the asymptote, the endless division of magnitudes (a fragment, extant inside another risāla) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-tajazzu-fragment.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.TajazzuMaqadir.Kraken22101805430103-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 33,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   },
   {
    "slug": "biruni-athar-al-baqiya",
    "work": "al-Bīrūnī, al-Āthār al-bāqiya ʿan al-qurūn al-khāliya (the chronology of ancient nations: calendars and eras) — OpenITI, Kraken OCR",
    "text": "text/biruni-athar-al-baqiya.txt",
    "originals": [
     "original/openiti/0450AH/0440AbuRayhanBiruni.AtharBaqiya.Kraken22101805430001-ara1"
    ],
    "lines": 4347,
    "class": "al-Bīrūnī"
   }
  ]
 },
 "normalization": "Originals as fetched under original/: Internet Archive scans with their OCR layers; OpenITI mARkdown files from raw.githubusercontent.com pinned to the repository commit (0275AH at 44e1c36738a2bf5c14dafa232a6ae1891e6171cd, 0300AH at 01a1544130e0236850ef2698923ad01575c5bd7c, 0450AH at 8b80029191e1b7a8809d812ec6186df862e18217). text/<slug>.ocr.txt is the Archive's OCR with line endings normalized. text/<slug>.txt is the OpenITI file reduced by code (openiti30.py): the metadata header dropped, headings marked, '~~' continuation lines joined, page markers kept as [V01P001], milestones dropped. The Kraken OCR files are uncorrected OCR as OpenITI publishes them. No text was corrected by hand.",
 "scope": "Arabic only, in six authors. al-Khwārizmī's Algebra in Rosen's Arabic (London, 1831), held twice: the whole book, Arabic and English, and the Arabic part scanned on its own, which the Archive labels “1342” and whose title page, dated London 1830, shows it to be Rosen's. The Archive's OCR of the whole book does not read its Arabic pages; the separate scan carries a Tesseract Arabic OCR. al-Kindī: three scientific treatises (music, the mathematics of compound drugs, swords). Thābit ibn Qurra: his Arabic Apollonius (Conics V) and Nicomachus, the Arabic Almagest he revised (in a manuscript transcription), and two works of his own astronomy. Ibn al-Haytham: the Optics in two OpenITI versions, Sabra's books I–III and the al-Warrāq text, and On the Configuration of the World. al-Bīrūnī: fourteen works of astronomy, mathematics and calendar, from the Masudic Canon to two fragments extant inside other treatises. ʿUmar al-Khayyām's Algebra in Woepcke's edition of 1851, two copies; its Arabic text pages stand in the scans, and the OCR reads only Woepcke's French. Held out: al-Kindī's Rasāʾil falsafiyya and Fī l-ʿaql and Fī l-nawm wa-l-ruʾyā (philosophy, outside the scientific works asked for); Thābit's Kitāb al-Rawābīʿ li-Aflāṭūn (a Hermetic work attributed to him); al-Bīrūnī's al-Jamāhir (mineralogy), al-Ṣaydana (pharmacology), Fihrist and Taḥqīq mā li-l-Hind (on India, with its astronomy inside a larger ethnography). Ibn al-Haytham's other mathematical works (on the quadrature, on Euclid's postulates) are not in OpenITI at the commits read.",
 "verified_loci": [
  "al-Khwārizmī, the three kinds of number (Rosen's Arabic, OCR) — 'حساب الجبر والمقابلة علي ثلثة ضروب وهي جذور و اموال وعدد'",
  "al-Khwārizmī, the three kinds of number (Rosen's English, OCR) — 'three kinds, namely, roots, squares, and simple numbers' (Rosen's English; the Archive's OCR of this copy does not read the Arabic pages, which stand in the scan)",
  "al-Khwārizmī, the opening of the translation (Rosen, OCR) — 'calculating, I found that it always is a number'",
  "ʿUmar al-Khayyām, Woepcke 1851, Oxford copy: the title — 'D'OMAR ALKHAYYAMi' (the OCR's reading of the title, accents lost; the Arabic text pages stand in the scan and are not read by the OCR)",
  "ʿUmar al-Khayyām, Woepcke 1851, Harvard copy: the title — 'D'OMAR ALKHAYYÂMÎ'",
  "ʿUmar al-Khayyām, Woepcke 1851, Harvard copy: the preface — 'scrit arabe du traité d'Alkhayyâmî , légué par Warner'",
  "al-Kindī, Fī l-luḥūn: the three parts of the art — 'انتخاب النغم التى تليق بذلك وتاليفها ونظمها'",
  "al-Kindī, Fī maʿrifat quwā l-adwiya al-murakkaba: the title — 'فى معرفة قوى الادوية المركبة'",
  "al-Kindī, Fī maʿrifat quwā l-adwiya al-murakkaba: the opening — 'قال الكندى رحمه الله تعالى لما رأيت الاوائل'",
  "al-Kindī, Fī l-suyūf: the Sulaymānī swords — 'قال الكندي : نصنع السيوف السليمانية'",
  "Thābit, Conics V: the heading — 'المقالة الخامسة من كتاب أبلونيوس فى المخروطات نقل ثابت بن قرة'",
  "Thābit, Conics V: Apollonius to Attalus — 'من ابلونيوس الى اطالوس سلام عليك'",
  "Thābit, Nicomachus: the colophon — 'المدخل الى علم العدد الذى وضعه نيقوماخس الجاراسينى من شيعة فوثاغورس مما ترجمه ثابت ابن قرة'",
  "al-Majisṭī, Tunis 7116: the title of book I — 'الكتاب الكبير المعروف بالمجسطي'",
  "al-Majisṭī, Tunis 7116: Thābit's revision — 'وصححه ثابت بن قرة الحراني'",
  "Thābit, Fī sanat al-shams: the opening — 'إن الأوائل قد اختلفوا في سنة الشمس'",
  "Thābit, Tashīl al-Majisṭī: the title — 'تسهيل المجسطي لثابت بن قرة'",
  "Thābit, Tashīl al-Majisṭī: the equator defined — 'معدل النهار هو الدائرة العظمى التي تحيط على قطبي السماء'",
  "Ibn al-Haytham, al-Manāẓir I (Sabra): the opening — 'إن المتقدمين من أهل النظر قد أمعنوا البحث عن كيفية إحساس البصر'",
  "Ibn al-Haytham, al-Manāẓir I (Sabra): the chapters of book I — 'الفصل السادس: في كيفية الإبصار'",
  "Ibn al-Haytham, al-Manāẓir (al-Warrāq): the opening — 'إن المتقدمين من أهل النظر قد أمعنوا البحث عن كيفية إحساس البصر'",
  "Ibn al-Haytham, Fī hayʾat al-ʿālam: the opening — 'قول للحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم في هيئة العالم'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, al-Qānūn al-Masʿūdī: the running title — 'القانون المسعودي'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, al-Qānūn al-Masʿūdī: book III, chapter 10 — 'الباب العاشر فى النسب الواقعة فى القطاع بين الجيوب'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Maqālīd ʿilm al-hayʾa: the title — 'مقاليد علم الهيئة ، ما يحدث في سطح بسيط الكرة'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Istikhrāj al-awtār: the title — 'استخراج الاوتار'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Istikhrāj al-awtār: the colophon — 'وفرغ ابوالريحان رحمه الله من تصنيفه'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Taḥdīd nihāyāt al-amākin: the opening — 'لما كانت العقول محتاجة إلى الاستمداد'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Ifrād al-maqāl: the title — 'افراد المقال فى امر الظلال'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Tamhīd al-mustaqarr: the two simple motions — 'من اجل ان الحركات البسيطة الاولى فى السماء اثنتان'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Istīʿāb: the copyist's colophon — 'نقلت هذه التسخة من نسخة مصنفها وقابلتها عليها حسب الطاقة' (the OCR reads التسخة for النسخة; the locus keeps the OCR's reading)",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Tasṭīḥ al-ṣuwar: the opening — 'تسطيح الأكر وتصويرها بما أمكن من أنواع الصور'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Taṭrīq al-istifāda: the conic sections in the astrolabe — 'أو أحد قطوع المخروط الثلثة'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Mā fī quwwat al-asṭurlāb: the opening — 'الأسطرلاب أشرف الآلات المستعملة في صناعة النجوم'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, Rāshīkāt al-Hind: the title — 'راشيكات الهند للعلامة ابى الريحان محمد بن احمد البيرونى'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, on the solar equation: Ḥabash's zīj — 'لتعاديل الشمس فى زيج حبش'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, the asymptote fragment: the endlessly diminishing magnitudes — 'المقادير المتصاغرة'",
  "al-Bīrūnī, al-Āthār al-bāqiya: the title — 'آثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية' (the OCR drops the article of الآثار)",
  "al-Khwārizmī, Rosen's Arabic title page — 'الكتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر و المقابلة تصنيف الشيخ الاجل ابي عبد الله محمد بن موسي الخوارزمي طبع في مدينة لندن سنة ١٨٣٠ المسيحية' (read from the scan, algebraofmohamme00khuwrich.pdf, PDF page 354; the same title page in 1342TheAlgebraOfMohammedBenMusaAlKwarizmiInArabic, PDF page 125, which identifies that item as the Arabic part of Rosen's edition)",
  "ʿUmar al-Khayyām, Woepcke's Arabic title page — 'رسالة فى براهين الجبر والمقابلة لعمر الخيامى' (read from the scan, lalgbredomaralk00wpgoog.pdf, PDF page 217 (the Arabic text, paginated from the back, stands on the pages before it); Arabic text pages also seen in lalgbredomaralk00khaygoog.pdf at PDF pages 170, 190 and 205)"
 ],
 "loci_not_found": [],
 "lines_total": 78205,
 "why_seated": "The exact sciences in the language that carried them from the Greeks to the Latins. al-jabr names the operation of restoring what was taken from one side of an equation, and Rosen's book of 1831 brought it back to Europe in its first Arabic print. The seat sets the founding Algebra beside Thābit's Arabic Euclideans, Ibn al-Haytham's Optics and al-Bīrūnī's instruments, so the line from the translation movement to the solution of the cubic by Khayyām can be read in one place.",
 "spine": "EA-CORPORA-30 (#1720)",
 "ruling": "Lee Sharks, 2026-10-30: “and then an ea-corpora seating... Einstein, Gödel, Tesla, Copernicus, Galileo, classical Arabic mathematicians... what is in the public domain, and what else? and just to be perverse lets seat the promised Klee notebooks with them”; to the proposed set: “yes, thats a good set”.",
 "classes": [
  "al-Khwārizmī",
  "al-Kindī",
  "Thābit ibn Qurra",
  "Ibn al-Haytham",
  "al-Bīrūnī",
  "ʿUmar al-Khayyām"
 ],
 "queued": [
  "al-Kindī, Rasāʾil al-Kindī al-falsafiyya (OpenITI 0275AH, Kraken OCR): fetched and set aside, a philosophical collection outside the mathematical and scientific works asked for",
  "Thābit ibn Qurra, Kitāb al-Rawābīʿ li-Aflāṭūn (OpenITI 0300AH, ed. Badawī 1955): fetched and set aside, a Hermetic work attributed to Thābit",
  "al-Bīrūnī, al-Jamāhir fī maʿrifat al-jawāhir, Kitāb al-Ṣaydana, the Fihrist and Taḥqīq mā li-l-Hind (OpenITI 0450AH): not fetched, outside mathematics and astronomy",
  "al-Khwārizmī's Algebra in a manuscript (Oxford, Bodleian, Huntington 214, copied 1342): no scan found; the Archive item labelled “1342” proves to be Rosen's printed Arabic"
 ],
 "cross_references": {
  "in_this_library": "Euclid in Greek (data/corpora/euclid, EA-CORPORA-20/04); Archimedes and Ptolemy in Greek (archimedes-ptolemy, 30/11), whose Syntaxis stands in Thābit's Arabic here; Arabic arts of poetry in ars-poetica (29/04)."
 },
 "axn": "AXN:0B1E.ORIGINAL.🔵💎💙🛡️🌗🌆",
 "axn_basis": {
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  "hex_of": "#1720 (AXN:0B1E.DATASET.🌻🏷️🚩⊗🕒🔥)",
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