{"address":{"q":"VIAF","record":"viaf-aio-20261101"},"analysis":{"analysis":"The authority file composed accurately on origin, operator and integration. On names it states a linkage of pseudonyms the saved source does not, and it gives the cluster identifier as unique where the source records its fluctuation.","d":"THE FILE, SIGNED OUT, 2026-11-01: 'The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international name authority service that combines multiple national library authority files into a single online database.' Key Features: operator (OCLC); origin (1998, Library of Congress, DNB, OCLC; 'launching formally in August 2003'); purpose ('linking variant names, pseudonyms, and corporate titles'); integration ('Each cluster receives a unique standard identifier/URI'); access. Six cards: VIAF, OCLC (two), Wikipedia, the LOD Cloud, the Semantic Web Journal.","d_full":"THE FILE, SIGNED OUT, 2026-11-01: 'The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international name authority service that combines multiple national library authority files into a single online database.' Key Features: operator (OCLC); origin (1998, Library of Congress, DNB, OCLC; 'launching formally in August 2003'); purpose ('linking variant names, pseudonyms, and corporate titles'); integration ('Each cluster receives a unique standard identifier/URI'); access. Six cards: VIAF, OCLC (two), Wikipedia, the LOD Cloud, the Semantic Web Journal.","findings":["ORIGIN AND OPERATOR EXACT. 'Initiated in 1998 as a joint proof-of-concept by the U.S. Library of Congress, the German National Library (DNB), and OCLC' follows the saved article ('initiated by the American Library of Congress (LC), the German National Library (DNB), and the OCLC in April 1998 as a proof-of-concept that authority records can be linked'); 'launching formally in August 2003' answers to the consortium formed at the 2003 World Library and Information Congress 'on 6 August 2003,'. The fourth card carries the OCLC transition 'on April 4, 2012', the article's 'The project transitioned to being a service of OCLC on 4 April 2012.'","PSEUDONYMS LINKED. 'Solves author name disambiguation by linking variant names, pseudonyms, and corporate titles across different languages, scripts, and regional spelling rules.' The saved article says a record 'contains the primary \"see\" and \"see also\" records from the original documents'; it names no pseudonyms, and the census row records that it 'does not say how a pseudonym or heteronym is held, as a see or see-also form of one cluster or as a cluster of its own'. The composition's linking of pseudonyms is on no saved page. Borgman's point that VIAF 'is led by libraries, as opposed to individual authors or creators' is not carried.","THE UNIQUE IDENTIFIER AND THE MONTHLY CLUSTERS. 'Each cluster receives a unique standard identifier/URI'. The article: 'VIAF's clustering algorithm is run every month. As more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records.' The census reads that fluctuation as the point where an authorial name can be merged with another by algorithm or separated again; the composition presents the identifier as stable. The integration into 'Wikipedia biographical articles, and Wikidata' matches the article ('The file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata').","THE PARTICIPANTS. The answer names no participating file beyond the three founders; the LOD Cloud card gives 'joint project of 20 national libraries', a figure in no saved source. The article's list includes ISNI, the Getty ULAN and 'Wikidata [ citation needed ] WKP'. The census row's lifecycle note stands: viaf.org refused the fetch, and the composition's VIAF card ('VIAF: The Virtual International Authority File ...') is the only trace here of the site's own page."],"match":"BROAD MATCH","mt":"'VIAF' ON THE OVERVIEW — THE AUTHORITY FILE AT ITS GRAIN, ORIGIN AND OPERATOR EXACT; PSEUDONYMS LINKED; THE CLUSTER IDENTIFIER GIVEN AS 'UNIQUE', WHERE THE SAVED ACCOUNT HAS IT COALESCE AND SPLIT","notes":{"operator":"with the pastes (01:59 EDT), the census names as printed for him at 01:42 EDT for their /non rows ('now we seat the captures, write the /nons'). His note in the paste, at Jacket2: 'no popup, ai mode:'. Fanlore and Archive of Our Own, on the printed list, were left out by him and excluded from the census at 01:49 EDT.","prompts":"The prompts are the operator's, as given with the paste; the run's hour is not in the paste, the date is the paste's receipt (2026-11-01 01:59 EDT)."},"originator":{"basis":"Not the archive's: an external resource, entered in the leesharks.com apparatus authorship census on 2026-11-01 (data/authorship-census, its own pages saved with hashes). Recorded 2026-11-01.","entity_type":"site","name":"Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)","relation":"external","spxi_treatment":"partial"},"reading":"The innocent reading first. Asked for the acronym, the Overview says what the file is, who runs it, where it came from, what it is for and how to use it."},"measures":{"archive_controlled_cites":0,"cite_list":[{"n":1,"note":null,"rel":"third_party","site":"VIAF","snip":"VIAF: The Virtual International Authority File The VIAF® (Virtual International Authority File) combines multiple name authority files into a single OCLC-hosted...","title":"VIAF","url":null},{"n":2,"note":null,"rel":"third_party","site":"OCLC","snip":"Overview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) is an OCLC-hosted service combining global name authority files into unified entity clusters, preserving r...","title":"VIAF: Convenient access to name authority files | OCLC","url":null},{"n":3,"note":null,"rel":"third_party","site":"Wikipedia","snip":"Virtual International Authority File The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international authority file. It is a joint project of several nation...","title":"Virtual International Authority File - Wikipedia","url":null},{"n":4,"note":null,"rel":"third_party","site":"OCLC","snip":"Overview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) transitioned from an OCLC Research prototype to an OCLC service on April 4, 2012. Partners: Joint project ...","title":"VIAF (The Virtual International Authority File)","url":null},{"n":5,"note":null,"rel":"third_party","site":"The Linked Open Data Cloud","snip":"Overview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) is an OCLC dataset and joint project of 20 national libraries combining multiple LAM name authority files ...","title":"LOD Cloud","url":null},{"n":6,"note":null,"rel":"third_party","site":"Semantic Web Journal","snip":"©2012 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., 6565 Kilgour Place, Dublin, Ohio (USA) 43017-3395. Description of the VIAF (Virtual International Authority Fil...","title":"Description of the VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) Dataset","url":null}],"cites":6,"per":0.25,"per_dim":{"after_challenge":null,"atoms":[{"atom":"name","dim":"M","evidence":"is an international name authority service that combines multiple national library authority files into a single online database.","kind":"token","present":true,"weight":3},{"atom":"operator","dim":"M","evidence":"Operator: Hosted and maintained by OCLC (Online Computer Library Center).","kind":"role","present":true,"weight":3},{"atom":"date","dim":"M","evidence":"Origin: Initiated in 1998 as a joint proof-of-concept by the U.S. Library of Congress, the German National Library (DNB), and OCLC, launching formally in August 2003.","kind":"token","present":true,"weight":1},{"atom":"claim boundary","dim":"M","evidence":"is an international name authority service that combines multiple national library authority files into a single online database.","kind":"reading","present":true,"weight":2},{"atom":"corpus","dim":"C","evidence":null,"kind":"reading","present":false,"weight":2},{"atom":"purpose","dim":"D","evidence":"Purpose: Solves author name disambiguation by linking variant names, pseudonyms, and corporate titles across different languages, scripts, and regional spelling rules.","kind":"reading","present":true,"weight":3},{"atom":"commitments","dim":"D","evidence":"Access: The service and its APIs are publicly available via the","kind":"reading","present":true,"weight":2},{"atom":"lineage","dim":"D","evidence":"Initiated in 1998 as a joint proof-of-concept by the U.S. Library of Congress, the German National Library (DNB), and OCLC","kind":"role","present":true,"weight":2},{"atom":"identifier","dim":"D","evidence":"Integration: Each cluster receives a unique standard identifier/URI that is widely used in library catalogs, Wikipedia biographical articles, and Wikidata.","kind":"role","present":true,"weight":1}],"basis":"reached: is an international name authority service that combines multiple national library authority files into a single online database.; The authority file reached by name; operator, origin, purpose, clusters and access given.","entity_type":"site","gate":"scored","inversions":[],"qualifier":null,"reached":"same","read":{"brief":"rebuild/capture-registry/intake-20261101-authorship-aggregators/parts/viaf.json","by":"intake reader, in session; spans and record quotes checked verbatim by scripts/per_backlog.py","external":true,"notes":"The authority file composed accurately on origin, operator and integration. On names it states a linkage of pseudonyms the saved source does not, and it gives the cluster identifier as unique where the source records its fluctuation.","on":"2026-11-01"},"scores":{"C":1.0,"D":0.0,"M":0.0,"PER":0.105},"spec":"PER-dim rubric v1.1","src":true,"standing_substitutions":[],"target":{"ent":"TGT-ext-ls-viaf","name":"Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)"},"tombstone_pointer":false},"per_note":"OCLC named as operator, the Library of Congress and DNB as initiators; no example identifier; sources carded.","per_v":{"author":true,"id":false,"inst":true,"src":true}},"observation":{"auth":"signed out, incognito","date":"2026-11-01","ev":"paste","q":"VIAF","q_kind":"the census name; NEW address.","s":"Machine Reception","surface":"Google AI Overview","transcript":"[Google AI Overview at the query, signed out and incognito (operator defaults of 2026-10-01 and 2026-10-14). The paste is the Overview expanded (the 'AI Mode Conversation' view).] The 'You said' line carries the query twice, run together, and is given once here. Inline links are Google redirect URLs, kept as pasted.\n\n[QUERENT] VIAF\n\n[SYSTEM] The [Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSwHrOzAVnB-9-8R9tu20-GtzgMCHoR5klPDmRYO7GwlthGUvR3Jb8BGSy6wMMnNKxkmutW9C2CDCALc9hLdYL7TuT6XmF0AuKvNMFQ) is an international name authority service that combines multiple national library authority files into a single online database. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSQHrOzAVkDAqGrgH4_uO-YW6JZdKVd_-q13KV0xaXoEXSKXZx_MDGcSuze5oVSZ2TPnELIuHffkEiIuapx605b8gBLNH_XGi5jE), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV63zEuAEDV4_ctczyqTcvD8etymDKfhq5jpNbNLbHIT6dn_dNgHtCh0x4y2ym_r3_hukwbLq3CHVGSC_dxoSuIN0yHZZPLQ0zNKs4A5YzzrTjN_F3i_fCe0jXkXQmSen4_HiojuExdGmfd39F876FyFGRfOQU)]\nKey Features\n\n* Operator: Hosted and maintained by OCLC (Online Computer Library Center). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSQHrOzAVkDAqGrgH4_uO-YW6JZdKVd_-q13KV0xaXoEXSKXZx_MDGcSuze5oVSZ2TPnELIuHffkEiIuapx605b8gBLNH_XGi5jE), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV63zEuAEDV4_ctczyqTcvD8etymDKfhq5jpNbNLbHIT6dn_dNgHtCh0x4y2ym_r3_hukwbLq3CHVGSC_dxoSuIN0yHZZPLQ0zNKs4A5YzzrTjN_F3i_fCe0jXkXQmSen4_HiojuExdGmfd39F876FyFGRfOQU)]\n* Origin: Initiated in 1998 as a joint proof-of-concept by the U.S. Library of Congress, the German National Library (DNB), and OCLC, launching formally in August 2003. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV63zEuAEDV4_ctczyqTcvD8etymDKfhq5jpNbNLbHIT6dn_dNgHtCh0x4y2ym_r3_hukwbLq3CHVGSC_dxoSuIN0yHZZPLQ0zNKs4A5YzzrTjN_F3i_fCe0jXkXQmSen4_HiojuExdGmfd39F876FyFGRfOQU)]\n* Purpose: Solves author name disambiguation by linking variant names, pseudonyms, and corporate titles across different languages, scripts, and regional spelling rules. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESWQHrOzAVl1wdIG3hLQXbAFbFJPhCbaa0_gmREFjIad_CjH6_DNngtEpSYfOo7KubKPGvejkDB_kayciekpTbeoym249yyqxK9QNo9q4xEVMyQjRcltOm1k6e), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESagHrOzAVhKacwvutzdWhNvO79-gDTwX-d5YgVLSpUSIAVstsCtPY4HC7YScE50fiBrcBpsJZylsqHLTsxAw5ydstfCqUVLl2jn5Ea18DmTpt8V0zp_9YoFLuuOymnpVSKOkvI2_ofSZD6U0), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESewHrOzAVfHo5krximGL7eCiCYMjHVviVyTBROD4GLXI_aogNGMlvegklZBtcYbMqhvU8mOx2GptVvffE8rnP08_d1L4z_D5isWcSVpMT4zGIzMUbtX6FVWzNJOqXYUu9eWWuI3dw1ZbB35o3ERH3zbFYuRQmy2l2WNgVnA)]\n* Integration: Each cluster receives a unique standard identifier/URI that is widely used in library catalogs, Wikipedia biographical articles, and Wikidata. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESewHrOzAVfHo5krximGL7eCiCYMjHVviVyTBROD4GLXI_aogNGMlvegklZBtcYbMqhvU8mOx2GptVvffE8rnP08_d1L4z_D5isWcSVpMT4zGIzMUbtX6FVWzNJOqXYUu9eWWuI3dw1ZbB35o3ERH3zbFYuRQmy2l2WNgVnA), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV63zEuAEDV4_ctczyqTcvD8etymDKfhq5jpNbNLbHIT6dn_dNgHtCh0x4y2ym_r3_hukwbLq3CHVGSC_dxoSuIN0yHZZPLQ0zNKs4A5YzzrTjN_F3i_fCe0jXkXQmSen4_HiojuExdGmfd39F876FyFGRfOQU)]\n* Access: The service and its APIs are publicly available via the [VIAF Website](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSwHrOzAVnB-9-8R9tu20-GtzgMCHoR5klPDmRYO7GwlthGUvR3Jb8BGSy6wMMnNKxkmutW9C2CDCALc9hLdYL7TuT6XmF0AuKvNMFQ). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESWgHrOzAVyzXZY-PLjy4-jUtg9j7IUiN6bOxXuWGu0RFfYKKY5bTaHJDoGyHcUGnXGLHAhfJPjUsm6kfva3GWQp-mdg8RP4E6rckm0zUV0cikXQ4TlGZU1t0Uag), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSQHrOzAVkDAqGrgH4_uO-YW6JZdKVd_-q13KV0xaXoEXSKXZx_MDGcSuze5oVSZ2TPnELIuHffkEiIuapx605b8gBLNH_XGi5jE)]\n\nWould you like help searching for a specific author or entity in VIAF, or learning how to access its RDF/JSON data?\nVIAF\nVIAF\nVIAF: The Virtual International Authority File The VIAF® (Virtual International Authority File) combines multiple name authority files into a single OCLC-hosted...\nOCLC\nVIAF: Convenient access to name authority files | OCLC\nOverview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) is an OCLC-hosted service combining global name authority files into unified entity clusters, preserving r...\nWikipedia\nVirtual International Authority File - Wikipedia\nVirtual International Authority File The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international authority file. It is a joint project of several nation...\nOCLC\nVIAF (The Virtual International Authority File)\nOverview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) transitioned from an OCLC Research prototype to an OCLC service on April 4, 2012. Partners: Joint project ...\nThe Linked Open Data Cloud\nLOD Cloud\nOverview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) is an OCLC dataset and joint project of 20 national libraries combining multiple LAM name authority files ...\nSemantic Web Journal\nDescription of the VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) Dataset\n©2012 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., 6565 Kilgour Place, Dublin, Ohio (USA) 43017-3395. Description of the VIAF (Virtual International Authority Fil...","transcript_class":"CAPTURE-TIME VERBATIM RECORD — paste of the Overview expanded, with its source cards","transcript_complete":"complete as supplied","transcript_raw":"AI Mode Conversation\nYou said: VIAFVIAF\nThe [Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSwHrOzAVnB-9-8R9tu20-GtzgMCHoR5klPDmRYO7GwlthGUvR3Jb8BGSy6wMMnNKxkmutW9C2CDCALc9hLdYL7TuT6XmF0AuKvNMFQ) is an international name authority service that combines multiple national library authority files into a single online database. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSQHrOzAVkDAqGrgH4_uO-YW6JZdKVd_-q13KV0xaXoEXSKXZx_MDGcSuze5oVSZ2TPnELIuHffkEiIuapx605b8gBLNH_XGi5jE), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV63zEuAEDV4_ctczyqTcvD8etymDKfhq5jpNbNLbHIT6dn_dNgHtCh0x4y2ym_r3_hukwbLq3CHVGSC_dxoSuIN0yHZZPLQ0zNKs4A5YzzrTjN_F3i_fCe0jXkXQmSen4_HiojuExdGmfd39F876FyFGRfOQU)]\nKey Features\n\n* Operator: Hosted and maintained by OCLC (Online Computer Library Center). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSQHrOzAVkDAqGrgH4_uO-YW6JZdKVd_-q13KV0xaXoEXSKXZx_MDGcSuze5oVSZ2TPnELIuHffkEiIuapx605b8gBLNH_XGi5jE), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV63zEuAEDV4_ctczyqTcvD8etymDKfhq5jpNbNLbHIT6dn_dNgHtCh0x4y2ym_r3_hukwbLq3CHVGSC_dxoSuIN0yHZZPLQ0zNKs4A5YzzrTjN_F3i_fCe0jXkXQmSen4_HiojuExdGmfd39F876FyFGRfOQU)]\n* Origin: Initiated in 1998 as a joint proof-of-concept by the U.S. Library of Congress, the German National Library (DNB), and OCLC, launching formally in August 2003. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV63zEuAEDV4_ctczyqTcvD8etymDKfhq5jpNbNLbHIT6dn_dNgHtCh0x4y2ym_r3_hukwbLq3CHVGSC_dxoSuIN0yHZZPLQ0zNKs4A5YzzrTjN_F3i_fCe0jXkXQmSen4_HiojuExdGmfd39F876FyFGRfOQU)]\n* Purpose: Solves author name disambiguation by linking variant names, pseudonyms, and corporate titles across different languages, scripts, and regional spelling rules. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESWQHrOzAVl1wdIG3hLQXbAFbFJPhCbaa0_gmREFjIad_CjH6_DNngtEpSYfOo7KubKPGvejkDB_kayciekpTbeoym249yyqxK9QNo9q4xEVMyQjRcltOm1k6e), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESagHrOzAVhKacwvutzdWhNvO79-gDTwX-d5YgVLSpUSIAVstsCtPY4HC7YScE50fiBrcBpsJZylsqHLTsxAw5ydstfCqUVLl2jn5Ea18DmTpt8V0zp_9YoFLuuOymnpVSKOkvI2_ofSZD6U0), [3](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESewHrOzAVfHo5krximGL7eCiCYMjHVviVyTBROD4GLXI_aogNGMlvegklZBtcYbMqhvU8mOx2GptVvffE8rnP08_d1L4z_D5isWcSVpMT4zGIzMUbtX6FVWzNJOqXYUu9eWWuI3dw1ZbB35o3ERH3zbFYuRQmy2l2WNgVnA)]\n* Integration: Each cluster receives a unique standard identifier/URI that is widely used in library catalogs, Wikipedia biographical articles, and Wikidata. [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESewHrOzAVfHo5krximGL7eCiCYMjHVviVyTBROD4GLXI_aogNGMlvegklZBtcYbMqhvU8mOx2GptVvffE8rnP08_d1L4z_D5isWcSVpMT4zGIzMUbtX6FVWzNJOqXYUu9eWWuI3dw1ZbB35o3ERH3zbFYuRQmy2l2WNgVnA), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESegHrOzAV63zEuAEDV4_ctczyqTcvD8etymDKfhq5jpNbNLbHIT6dn_dNgHtCh0x4y2ym_r3_hukwbLq3CHVGSC_dxoSuIN0yHZZPLQ0zNKs4A5YzzrTjN_F3i_fCe0jXkXQmSen4_HiojuExdGmfd39F876FyFGRfOQU)]\n* Access: The service and its APIs are publicly available via the [VIAF Website](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSwHrOzAVnB-9-8R9tu20-GtzgMCHoR5klPDmRYO7GwlthGUvR3Jb8BGSy6wMMnNKxkmutW9C2CDCALc9hLdYL7TuT6XmF0AuKvNMFQ). [[1](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESWgHrOzAVyzXZY-PLjy4-jUtg9j7IUiN6bOxXuWGu0RFfYKKY5bTaHJDoGyHcUGnXGLHAhfJPjUsm6kfva3GWQp-mdg8RP4E6rckm0zUV0cikXQ4TlGZU1t0Uag), [2](https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESSQHrOzAVkDAqGrgH4_uO-YW6JZdKVd_-q13KV0xaXoEXSKXZx_MDGcSuze5oVSZ2TPnELIuHffkEiIuapx605b8gBLNH_XGi5jE)]\n\nWould you like help searching for a specific author or entity in VIAF, or learning how to access its RDF/JSON data?\nVIAF\nVIAF\nVIAF: The Virtual International Authority File The VIAF® (Virtual International Authority File) combines multiple name authority files into a single OCLC-hosted...\nOCLC\nVIAF: Convenient access to name authority files | OCLC\nOverview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) is an OCLC-hosted service combining global name authority files into unified entity clusters, preserving r...\nWikipedia\nVirtual International Authority File - Wikipedia\nVirtual International Authority File The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international authority file. It is a joint project of several nation...\nOCLC\nVIAF (The Virtual International Authority File)\nOverview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) transitioned from an OCLC Research prototype to an OCLC service on April 4, 2012. Partners: Joint project ...\nThe Linked Open Data Cloud\nLOD Cloud\nOverview: VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) is an OCLC dataset and joint project of 20 national libraries combining multiple LAM name authority files ...\nSemantic Web Journal\nDescription of the VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) Dataset\n©2012 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc., 6565 Kilgour Place, Dublin, Ohio (USA) 43017-3395. Description of the VIAF (Virtual International Authority Fil...\n","transcript_read":"READ IN FULL 2026-11-01","turns":1},"slug":"viaf-aio-20261101"}